Revsita de Filosofía Open Insight

ISSN: 2007-2406
openinsight@cisav.org
Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada
México

Guerra López, Rodrigo

Identidad personal
Revsita de Filosofía Open Insight, vol. I, núm. 1, diciembre, 2010, pp. 116-141
Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada
Querétaro, México

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=421639449009

Cómo citar el artículo

Número completo
Sistema de Información Científica
Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal
Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
IDENTIDAD PERSONAL

Rodrigo Guerra López

Centro de Investigación Social Avanzada
rodrigo.guerra@cisav.org

!"#$%&'$

!"#$"%&'()*$(+$,%-#.'%'*/$0&$0$1"%2(&(1"%302$1)(42#5$%&$0&$(2-$
0&$1"%2(&(1"*$%'&#2+6$7.$'"#$+(22(8%.9$2%.#&:$8#$8%22$-#02$8%'"$
'8($(+$%'&$0&1#3'&;$+%)&':$8#$8%22$9%<#$0$4)%#+$-#&3)%1'%(.$(+$
&(5#$3"01'#)&$(+$'"#$3(512#=$"%&'()*$(+$'"#()%#&$(.$%-#.'%>
'*$0.-$(.$1#)&(.02$%-#.'%'*6$?*$)#<%#8%.9$0$+#8$0@'"()&$0.-$
'"#()%#&:$7$A@&'$80.'$'($&"(8$'"#$3(512#=%'*$(+$'"#$1"#.(5#>
.(.$'($-%&3@&&:$0.-$'($1203#$0$+#8$(+$%'&$#&&#.'%02$#2#5#.'&6$7.$
'"#$&#3(.-$10)':$7$8%22$')*$'($%.')(-@3#$&(5#$40&%3$#2#5#.'&$
%.$()-#)$'($+03#$'"#$B@#&'%(.$(+$1#)&(.02$%-#.'%'*$'")(@9"$0.$
0.02*&%&$ (+$ '"#$ #<%-#.3#$ (+$ '"#$ ()%9%.0)*$ C.(82#-9#$ (+$ '"#$
&#2+6$!")(@9"(@'$'"%&$2%.#&:$7$-($.('$%.'#.-$'($#204()0'#$0.$
#="0@&'%<#$#=1(&%'%(.$(+$'"#$'(1%3&$%.<(2<#-6$7$A@&'$80.'$'($
&'0'#$ &(5#$ +@.-05#.'02$ 0.-$ @&#+@2$ 50'#)%02&$ +()$ +@'@)#$ %.>
<#&'%90'%(.&6

Keywords
$PHJUP
*EFOUJUZ
1FSTPOBM
*EFOUJUZ
1FSTPO
4FMG

!!" Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%"&$'()($#($*+,-.*'($/$#/$*+"-.*+/+$'()($)*%)*+/+

!"#$%#&'($)*%+&'#"'($,($-+.$%&)*(&+.$,(/#'(.$0)-+.10)2+.$("$(-$*3"4
,+$5&)(5+$'36+$-#$"+2)1"$,($7),("'),#,8$2+*+$'(*#9$:);".(.($("$-#$
0)53&#$ ,($ :#&*;"),(.9$<$ (.'($ 0)-1.+0+$ (-(=')2+$ -#$ &(#-),#,$ ,(-$ %"&$ -($
%#&(2>#$,($'#-$*+,+$2+".).'("'($2+".)5+$*).*#$?3($"+$%+,>#$.(&$*=.$
?3($0-/@$-"'"%/&*/$($*+,-.*'/9$:#&#$(.'($0)-1.+0+@$(.$%&(2).#*("'($,($3"$
.(&$#.>$,(-$?3($%3(,($.3&5)&$2+"+2)*)("'+$6(&,#,(&+$A"1*%.,)"B9$C+$
*3,#/-(@$-+$2#*/)#"'(@$.(&=$03("'($,($*(&#$+%)")1"$A+23/B9$
:+&$.3$%#&'(@$:-#'1"@$2+"')"3#&=$#$.3$*+,+$-#$(".(D#"E#$,($:#&4
*;"),(.9$FG).'($3"#$&(#-),#,$.3%&(*#$#H"$%+&$("2)*#$,($-#.$),(#.I$
(-$4-(56*"-7$%(&0(2'#*("'($),;"')2+$#$.>$*).*+9$:+&$%#&')2)%#&$,($(.($
4-(56*"-$-#.$),(#.$%(-$("$(-$.("'),+$*=.$5("3)"+$,($(.'($';&*)"+9J$C+$
?3($K#2($,(2#(&$#-$3")6(&.+$.(".)/-($,($-#$2+",)2)1"$,($%"&$(.$-#$0#-'#$
,($),("'),#,$?3($(-$2#*/)+$)*%-)2#9$:#&#$:-#'1"@$-+$?3($.($*3(6($"+$
.($*#"')("($),;"')2+$#$.>$*).*+@$L$&(.3-'#$%+&$(--+$&(-(5#,+$#-$&()"+$
,($-+$?3(@$("$.("'),+$(.'&)2'+@$-($"%8$
F"$<&).'1'(-(.@$-#$),("'),#,$"3*;&)2#$+$),("'),#,$("'&($-+.$)",)4
6),3+.$(.$-#$*+,#-),#,$%&)*#&)#$,($),("'),#,$L$.3%+"($-#$,($-#$(.%(4
2)($L$-#$,(-$5;"(&+9M$C#$),("'),#,$,($-+.$)",)6),3+.$2+*+$),("'),#,$
("$(-$.(&$.($%&(.("'#$23#",+$(G).'($),("'),#,$("$-#$,(0)")2)1"$$A2+*+$
.32(,($("$(-$2#.+$,($-+.$.)"1")*+.B$($),("'),#,$("$-#$&(#-),#,$,("+'#4
,#$$A("$(-$.("'),+$("$?3($,+.$.)"1")*+.$.($&(0)(&#"$#-$*).*+$+/N('+B9$



"M
6OP#JFO
TF
MF
DPOUSBQPOF
VO
QSJODJQJP
PQVFTUP
DPOUSBEJDUPSJP

MB
NVMUJQMJDJEBE

MB
OPVOJEBE
MP
JOEFUFSNJOBEP

JHVBMNFOUF
PSJHJOBSJP
QFSP
EF
SBOHP
JOGFSJPS
4PCSF

el bien como unidad en Platón y sobre la identidad como primera determinación de lo
VOP
$G
,SÊNFS



Z
3FBMF





%JTUJODJPOFT
FOUSF
FTUPT
UJQPT
EF
JEFOUJEBE
$G
"SJTUØUFMFT
Tópicos
*


B

7**



C


&M
QSJNBEP
EF
MB
JEFOUJEBE
OVNÏSJDB
TF
FODVFOUSB
FO
Tópicos
7**


C



-B
QSFTVQPTJDJØO
EF
PUSPT
UJQPT
EF
JEFOUJEBE
SFTQFDUP
EF
MB
OVNÏSJDB
TF
WF
FO

Metafísica
7


C

o

B

&O
FTUF
UFYUP
TF
IBCMB
EF
UJQPT
EF
unidad pero si
tomamos en cuenta Metafísica
7


B

DPJODJEFO
DPO
MPT
UJQPT
EF
identidad. De
IFDIP
iTF
MMBNBO
JEÏOUJDBT
QPS
TÓ
FO
MPT
NJTNPT
TFOUJEPT
FO
RVF
TF
EJDF
QPS
TÓ
MP
VOP
&O

efecto, aquellas cuya materia es una o por la especie o por el número se dicen idénticas,
y aquellas cuya substancia es una. Por consiguiente, es claro que la identidad es cierta
unidad, o bien del ser de varios o bien cuando se toman como varios, por ejemplo cuan-
do se dice que una cosa es idéntica a sí misma, pues entonces se toma una cosa como
EPTw
Metafísica

B



Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !!"
!"#$% #&'()$% $*&+$,#$% +$% *-(&..-/,% &01+'($*$% 1'(% 2(&3&% $+% *-"#-,34-(%
&,#(&%VLJQLÀFDGR'!"#$%&'()*$!5+#"#,&,$-6%7%.#$&)"%!'!(%$$%&'()*$!5/)$$6%
7% 84&% "&(9% *&% &,'(:&% -:1'(#$,.-$% &,% +$"% #&'()$"% .',#&:1'(9,&$"%
"';(&%+$%-*&,#-*$*<%=($.-$"%$%&"#$"%1(&.-"-',&"%"&(9%1'"-;+&%&,#&,*&(%
84&%>?>%7%>?@%"',%&,4,.-$*'"%.',%*-A&(&,#&%B$+'(%.'3,'".-#-B'C%&+%
1(-:&('%.-&(#$:&,#&%&"%4,$%#$4#'+'3)$D%1&('%&+%"&34,*'%&"%4,$%1('E
1'"-.-/,%-,A'(:$#-B$<
!,%+$%!*$*%F&*-$%"&%.',"-*&($(',%*-B&("'"%#-1'"%*&%-*&,#-*$*C%
(&$+D% ($.-',$+% '% A'(:$+D% ,4:G(-.$D% &"1&.)A-.$D% 3&,G(-.$D% &0#(),"&.$D%
.$4"$+D%1(-:$(-$D%"&.4,*$(-$D%&#.<%H'(%&I&:1+'D%&+%&".'+9"#-.'%$($3'E
,G"%>,#',-'%>,*(&$%5JKLMEJNKM6D%*-".)14+'%*&%O4,"%P.'#'D%7%$1'*$E
*'%1(&.-"$:&,#&%QP.'#&++4"RD%A4&%&+%1(-:&('%&,%&,4,.-$(%.':'%1(-,E
.-1-'%+$%-*&,#-*$*C%#$.!#.&!#$.0!S'7%*-()$:'"%>?><%
!,%+$%:'*&(,-*$*D%&+%#&:$%*&%+$%-*&,#-*$*%.':'%1(-,.-1-'%.',#-E
,4/%"-&,*'%(&+&B$,#&<%T&-;,-UD%(&.'3-&,*'%-,#4-.-',&"%*&%V-.'+9"%*&%
W4"$%7%*&%+'"%&"#'-.'"D%1('14"'%&+%1(-,.-1-'%*&%+$%)"#$&)"'"!"#!1%.!)$2
").(#3$)41#.5!';I&#'"%-,*-".&(,-;+&"%4,'%*&%'#('%*&;&,%"&(%.',"-*&($*'"%
.':'%-*G,#-.'"<N%T$"%.()#-.$"%$%&"#&%1(-,.-1-'%,'%#$(*$(',%&,%++&3$(<%
X&3&+D%&,%+$%6)#$()'!"#!1'!1*-)('0!:'"#($(9%84&%#'*$%-*&,#-*$*%$;"#($.#$%
&"%4,$%:&($%#$4#'+'3)$D%7%Y-##3&,"#&-,D%1(9.#-.$:&,#&%&,%+'"%:-":'"%
#G(:-,'"D%$A-(:$(9%84&C%Q*&.-(%*&%"%.%.'"$"%84&%"',%-*G,#-.$"%&"%4,%
"-,"&,#-*'D%7%*&.-(%*&%,$'%84&%&"%-*G,#-.$%.',"-3'%:-":$%,'%&"%*&.-(%
,$*$R%5!-##3&,"#&-,D%JZ[\C%JLJ6<
>]'"%*&"14G"D%X&-*&33&(%;4".$(9%(&-B-,*-.$(%+$%-*&,#-*$*D%:'"E
#($,*'%84&%(&B&+$%:-":-*$*<%H$($%84&%$+3'%14&*$%"&(%+'%:-":'D%;$"#$%
&,%.$*$%.$"'%4,%#G(:-,'D%1&('%>?>%&,.4;(&%>%&"%>D%*&%#$+%:$,&($%
84&%&+%#.!Q,'%*-.&%"/+'%84&%#'*$%>%&"%G+%:-":'%+'%:-":'D%"-,'%:9"%
;-&,D%84&%.$*$%>%:-":'%&"%.',"-3'%:-":'%+'%:-":'<%!,%+$%:-":-*$*%
7$.&%+$%(&+$.-/,%*&+%Q.',R^R%5X&-*&33&(D%JZZMC%_N6<



i/VODB
TF
EBO
FO
MB
OBUVSBMF[B
EPT
TFSFT
RVF
TFBO
QFSGFDUBNFOUF
FM
VOP
DPNP
FM
PUSP

y en donde no sea posible hallar una diferencia interna o fundada en una denominación
JOUSÓOTFDBw
-FJCOJ[ 


!!" Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%#&"'("#)*&*#+,"'(+,%,#%#$%#+,"'(+,%,#)*&*#'%--%)+.'

!"# $%&# '&()&**&+# (,)($%&# $%&# "-# ()&,.()-)# ,/0# -1+&# "-# 2%&+.-# -# "-#
3%&0.(4,# 0/1+&# "-# 5(05()-)# ,/0# 5%&0.+-# )&# 5-,&+-# (,)(+&3.-# $%&6#
&,#"-#7/)&+,()-)6#&"#.&5-#)&#"-#()&,.()-)#+&0%".4#&,+($%&3()/#3/,#
"-# -52"(-# +&8"&9(4,# )&0-++/""-)-# &,# ./+,/# -# "-# &92&+(&,3(-# 2&3%"(-+#
)&"#0&+#$%&#0-1&#)&"#0&+6#&0#)&3(+6#&,#./+,/#-#"-#0%1:&.(;()-)<#!;()&,=
.&5&,.&6#&0.&#.42(3/#>-1?-#0()/#/1:&./#)&#-.&,3(4,#)&#-%./+&0#3/5/#
@43+-.&06# A"-.4,6#B*%0.?,6#C/5D0# )&#B$%(,/# E# F%&,-;&,.%+-<# !,# &"#
5%,)/#-,.(*%/#E#&,#&"#5%,)/#5&)(&;-"#"-#+&8"&9(4,#0/1+&#"-#&0.+%3=
.%+-#)&#"-#0%1:&.(;()-)#E-#&0.D#2+&0&,.&<#@(,#&51-+*/6#&0#(52/+.-,.&#
+&3/,/3&+#$%&#"-#3&,.+-"()-)#)&#"-#0%1:&.(;()-)#3/5/#.&5-#0&+D#%,#
+-0*/#3-+-3.&+?0.(3/#)&#"-#5/)&+,()-)6#0(&,)/#2+&3(0-5&,.&#G&03-+=
.&0#&"#-%./+#$%&#&,#1%&,-#5&)()-#"/*+-#3/"/3-+"/#)&#5-,&+-#)&.&+5(=
,-,.&#-"#(,.&+(/+#)&"#)&1-.&#8("/048(3/#)%+-,.&#;-+(/0#0(*"/0<H#
!,#&8&3./6#"-#&;()&,3(-#)&"#2&,0-5(&,./#$%&#,/#2%&)&#)%)-+#)&#
0?#;%&"3-#"-#-.&,3(4,#>-3(-#"-#)(5&,0(4,#(,.&+(/+#)&#"-#&9(0.&,3(-#>%=
5-,-<#@(,#&51-+*/6#&"#5/)/#3/5/#0&#8/+5%"-#&"#3/,.&,()/#)&#&0.-#
&;()&,3(-#&,#&"#2&,0-5(&,./#)&#G&03-+.&0#3/,)%3&#-#%,-#1+%03-#0&=
2-+-3(4,#&,.+&#"-#-"/#"0("'/%#E#"-#-"/#)*1+(%'/2#&,.+&#&"#5%,)/#3/5/#&9=
.&,0(4,#E#"-#0%1:&.(;()-)#-%./3/,3(&,.&<#G&03-+.&0#&0#5%E#&"/3%&,.&#
3%-,)/#)(3&#2/3-0#"?,&-0#)&02%I0#)&#-);&+.(+#&"#J2(&,0/6#"%&*/#0/EK#
$%&# &"#JE/K# &0# %,-# 0%0.-,3(-# 2&,0-,.&# +-)(3-"5&,.&# >&.&+/*I,&-# -"#
3%&+2/<L#!"#)%-"(05/#3-+.&0(-,/#-1+(+D#%,#(.(,&+-+(/#)&#2+/1"&5-.(M-=
3(4,#3%E-0#3/,0&3%&,3(-0#0&#-);(&+.&,#>-0.-#&"#)?-#)&#>/E<#N/3(/,&0#
3/5/#"-#)&#J0%0.-,3(-K#/#"-#5(05?0(5-#2+&0&,3(-#)&"#JE/K#0&#)&1("(.-+D,#
3/5/#8%,)-5&,./#)&#"-#()&,.()-)#2&+0/,-"6#E-#0&-#8/+5-"(MD,)/0&#-"#
5D9(5/#O&"#E/#.+-03&,)&,.-"#P-,.(-,/6#2/+#&:&52"/Q#/#)("%EI,)/0&#
&,#&"#8"%:/#)&#"-0#-3.(;()-)&0#5&,.-"&0#O"-#.+-)(3(4,#&52(+(0.-Q<#7(=



i$PO
%FTDBSUFT
DPNJFO[B
FO
FGFDUP
WFSEBEFSBNFOUF
MB
DVMUVSB
EF
MPT
UJFNQPT
NP-

EFSOPT
FM
QFOTBNJFOUP
EF
MB
NPEFSOB
GJMPTPGÓBy
i
)FHFM






i$POPDÓ
QPS
FMMP
RVF
ZP
FSB
VOB
TVCTUBODJB
DVZB
UPUBM
FTFODJB
P
OBUVSBMF[B
FT
QFOTBS

y que no necesita, para ser, de lugar alguno ni depende de ninguna cosa material. De
manera que este yo, es decir, el alma por la cual soy lo que soy, es enteramente distinta
del cuerpo y hasta es más fácil de conocer que él, y aunque el cuerpo no fuese, el alma
OP
EFKBSÓB
EF
TFS
DVBOUP
FTw
%FTDBSUFT




Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !!"
!"#$%&'$(&)(&*$'$&#+%&,"&,"-"(.#."(-$&/0&-!0,.'.1(&"#*.!.%-02&3$&
%1/$&"//0&"%&!"/"40(-"&"(&/0&5.%-$!.0&,"&/0&6./$%$6708&%.($&9)"&"(&"/&-"#0&
9)"&($%&$')*08&'$(,.'.$(0&"(&'."!-0&#",.,0&-0#:.;(&0&/0&-!0,.'.1(&
'$(-.("(-0/&,"&')<$&=0(-.0($8&>!0'.0%&0&/0&.(6/)"('.0&,"&?)#"&"(&"/&
6./1%$6$&,"&@A(.>%:"!>2&
B.&:."(&"%&'."!-$&9)"&C$5(&D$'="&%"&$*$("&0/&*"(%0#."(-$&'0!-"E
%.0($&"(&#)'5$%&0%*"'-$%8&,"&0/>F(&#$,$&/$&'$(-.(F0&)(./0-"!0/#"(E
-"&0/&"(6!"(-0!&"/&-"#0&,"&/0&.,"(-.,0,&*"!%$(0/2&D$'="&G0&($&!"'$($E
'"!+&&0&/0&!"#$%&'()*+#$'$#$&)(0&'."!-0&%)%-0('.0&H*)"%&/0&%)%-0('.08&*0!0&
"%-"&6./1%$6$8&"%&)(&%)%-!0-$&$%')!$&,"&')0/.,0,"%H8&%.($&9)"&"(60-.I0E
!+&"(&%)&/)>0!&"/&*0*"/&,"&/0&'$('."('.0&'$#$&6)"(-"&,"&/0&.,"(-.,0,&
*"!%$(0/2&J(&"6"'-$8&D$'="8&'$(%.,"!0&9)"&/0&%)%-0('.0&"%&)(0&!"0/.,0,&
,"%'$($'.,02&D$&9)"&%)'","&"(&()"%-!$&'$($'.#."(-$&,"/&#)(,$&"%&
9)"& ($%& 5"#$%& 0'$%-)#:!0,$& 0& 4"!& K)(-0%& '$(& ,"-"!#.(0,0& )(.1(&
'."!-0%&.,"0%&%.#*/"%&0&/0%&9)"&/"%&%)*$("#$%&*!"'.%0#"(-"&)(&%$*$!E
-"2&L$(&"%-$&"(&#"(-"8&D$'="&%"&"(')"(-!0&'$(&)(0&>!0(&,.6.')/-0,&0/&
#$#"(-$&,"&%"<0/0!&9);&-.*$&,"&!"0/.,0,&>0!0(-.I0&/0&.,"(-.,0,&*"!E
%$(0/8&"%&,"'.!M&"/&5"'5$&,"&9)"&)(&%"!&5)#0($&*"!#0("I'0&%."(,$&
%."#*!"& "/& #.%#$& 0& -!04;%& ,"& /$%& '0#:.$%2&N%7& "%& '$#$& D$'="8& 0/&
,"%'$(6.0!&,"&/0&%)%-0('.08&!"')!!"&0&/0&'$('."('.02&D0&'$('."('.0&"%&/$&
9)"&50'"&0&/0&*"!%$(0&%"!&*"!%$(0MO

P":"#$%&05$!0&'$(%.,"!0!&9);&%"&%.>(.6.'0&*$!&,"!#&+*2&Q&"%8&
#"&*0!"'"8&)(&%"!&*"(%0(-"&.(-"/.>"(-"&,$-0,$&,"&!0I1(&G&,"&
!"6/"R.1(8&G&9)"&*)","&'$(%.,"!0!%"&0&%7&#.%#$&'$#$&;/&#.%E
#$8&'$#$&)(0&#.%#0&'$%0&*"(%0(-"&"(&,.6"!"(-"%&-."#*$%&G&
/)>0!"%S&/$&9)"&-0(&%1/$&50'"&"(&4.!-),&,"&%)&-"("!&'$('."('.08&
9)"&"%&0/>$&.(%"*0!0:/"&,"/&*"(%0#."(-$&G&9)"8&#"&*0!"'"8&/"&
"%&"%"('.0/8&G0&9)"&"%&.#*$%.:/"&9)"&0/>)."(&*"!'.:0&%.(&*"!E
'.:.!&9)"&*"!'.:"&TD$'="8&UVVVM&WXYZ2



i1PS
MB
DPODJFODJB
RVF
UJFOF
EF
TVT
BDUPT
Z
QFOTBNJFOUPT
QSFTFOUFT
FT
QPS
MP
RVF
FT

ahora sí mismo para sí mismo
Z
BTÓ
TFSÈ
FM
NJTNP
TÓ
NJTNP
IBTUB
EPOEF
MB
NJTNB
DPO-
DJFODJB
BMDBODF
SFTQFDUP
EF
MBT
BDDJPOFT
QBTBEBT
P
WFOJEFSBTw
-PDLF



!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"# $%&'&'# ()*# $+,$)-.+# ()# '/'.",$&"# ')# "0%"1"# $+,# 2"1&(# 3/4)5#
6,#3/4)7#*"#'/'.",$&"#8"#,+#)'#/,#'/'.%".+#+'$/%+#'&,+#/,"#%)"*&9
("(#&,):&'.),.)7#;"$&),(+#()#*"#-)%'+,"#'<*+#/,#1=%.&$)#),#)*#>/)#
$+,?*/8),#*"'#%)-%)'),."$&+,)'#+7#$+4+#(&$)#=*#4&'4+7#;"$&),(+#
()# *"# -)%'+,"# !"# $%&# '(# )(*+()+,-"(.7# ):$*/8=,(+')# "'@# $/"*>/&)%#
&(),.&("(#A()#$+%.)#'/'.",$&"*B5#C+,1&),)#%)$+%("%#>/)#/,"#.)'&'#
$"%"$.)%@'.&$"# ()*# -),'"4&),.+# ()# 3/4)# )'# *"# ,)0"$&<,# ()# $+9
,):&+,)'#%)"*)'#),.%)#*+'#?),<4),+'5#D*#()?&,&%#/,#+EF).+#8"#,+#
')%G#)*#$+,.),&(+#%)"*#()#*"#$+'"7#'/#)'.%/$./%"#&,.)*&0&E*)7#*+#>/)#
().)%4&,"%G# *"# $+;)%),$&"# ()# ,+."'# >/)# ,+'+.%+'# %)$+,+$)4+'#
$+4+#/,#.+(+#/,&."%&+7#'&,+#>/)#)*#?"$.+%#()$&'&1+#')%G,#*+'#(&9
1)%'+'#$+4-+%."4&),.+'#-'@>/&$+'#()*#'/F).+#>/)#*+#-&),'"5#6'.+#
>/&)%)# ()$&%# >/)# ):&'.),# *)8)'# ()# *+'# $+,.),&(+'# ()# $+,$&),$&"#
>/)# "'+$&",# *"'# &()"'# ()# $&)%.+# 4+(+7# $+4+# /,"# '/)%.)# ()# *)8#
0%"1&."$&+,"*5#6'."'#*)8)'#()#"'+$&"$&<,#)'."%G,#E"'"("'#),#*"#')9
4)F",H"7#*"#$+,.&0I&("(#)'-"$&+9.)4-+%"*#8#*"#$"/'"*&("(5#J%"$&"'#
"#)'."'#*)8)'7#)1),./"*4),.)#)'#-+'&E*)#"?&%4"%7#')0K,#3/4)7#>/)#
,+#;"8#4+.&1+#-"%"#'/-+,)%#/,"#%)"*&("(#'/E8"$),.)#),#*"#>/)#')#
/,&?&>/),#*"'#-)%$)-$&+,)'L

!"#&(),.&("(#>/)#".%&E/&4+'#"#*"#4),.)#()*#;+4E%)#)'#.",#
'<*+# ?&$.&$&"5# AMB# N+# )'# $"-"H# ()# %)/,&%# *"'# (&'.&,."'# 8# (&9
?)%),.)'# -)%$)-$&+,)'# ),# /,"# '+*"# AMB# O-+%>/)P# )*# ),.),9
(&4&),.+# ,+# +E')%1"# ,/,$"# ,&,0/,"# $+,):&<,# %)"*# ),.%)#
+EF).+'7#8#>/)#"/,#*"#/,&<,#()#$"/'"#8#)?)$.+#')#%)(/$)7#)'9
.%&$."4),.)#$+,'&()%"("7#"#/,"#"'+$&"$&<,#()#&()"'#-%+(/$&("#
-+%#*"#$+'./4E%)5#6,#)?)$.+7#()#">/@#')#'&0/)#)1&(),.)4),.)#
>/)#*"#&(),.&("(#,+#-)%.),)$)#%)"*4),.)#"#)'."'#(&?)%),.)'#
-)%$)-$&+,)'7#,&#*"'#/,)#),.%)#'@7#'&,+#>/)#)'#'&4-*)4),.)#
/,"#$/"*&("(#>/)#*)'#".%&E/&4+'#),#1&%./(#()#*"#/,&<,#()#'/'#
&()"'# ),# *"# &4"0&,"$&<,7# $/",(+# %)?*):&+,"4+'# '+E%)# )**"'5#
A3/4)7!"#$%&'(")'*+,

Q&,#)4E"%0+7#"*0+#'&0,&?&$".&1+#)'#>/)#)*#-%+-&+#3/4)7#),#*"'#K*.&4"'#
-G0&,"'#()*#/*%0%'-#'(#1%#"%0!*%1(&%#$!2%"%#%)$+,+$)#>/)#*"#$+;)%),$&"#
()#'/#-*",.)"4&),.+#,+#*)#"')0/%"#1)%("(#),#'/'#$+,$*/'&+,)'#8#$+,9

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"!
!"#$%&'(#&#)&#*&+#,%&-#&*%&"-#)+"-%-&.#/$0)%*&$(&#1.*"2%2"3)&#$&,(4&
-#!#2+(0$%56&78$&%9):&-#2*%/%&'(#;

<"& )(#$+/%$& .#/2#.2"0)#$& +(="#/%)& 20,0& $(>#+0& -#& ")?#$"3)&

%*@0&$",.*#&#&")-"="-(%*:&0&$"&*%&,#)+#&.#/2"A"#/%&%*@()%&20B
)#1"3)&/#%*&#)+/#&#**%$:&)0&?%A/C%&-"!"2(*+%-&%*@()%5&D0/&,"&
.%/+#:& -#A0& $0*"2"+%/& #*& ./"="*#@"0& -#*& #$2E.+"20& 4& 20)!#$%/&
'(#&#$+%&-"!"2(*+%-&#$&-#,%$"%-0&%/-(%&.%/%&,"&#)+#)-","#)B
+0&FG(,#:&HIJK;!JJ6L

M)&0+/%$&.%*%A/%$:&?%2"%&#*&!")%*&-#&$(&",.0/+%)+#&0A/%:&G(,#:&-#$-#&
$(&#$2#.+"2"$,0:&.%/#2#&-%/$#&2(#)+%&'(#&$"&)0&#1"$+#)&$($+%)2"%$&4N0&
20)#1"0)#$&/#%*#$&#)&#*&,()-0:&#)+0)2#$&)0&?%4&>($+"!"2%2"3)&%*@()%&
'(#&#1.*"'(#&*%&#1"$+#)2"%&/#%*&-#&O?%2#$&-#&.#/2#.2"0)#$P:&#$&-#2"/:&
-#&"#$%&!'(&$)%*+&!,!&%-#)#'+&!.+&!/0+&!'%!.+&!+*)+&5&<"&#)&#*&,()-0&#1+/%B
,#)+%*&)0&#1"$+#)&20)#1"0)#$&/#%*#$&+%,.020&-#A#/C%)&-#&#1"$+"/&*%$&
.#/$0)%$&20,0&=E/+"2#$&#)&*0$&'(#&20)!*(4#)&*%$&-"=#/$%$&/#./#$#)+%B
2"0)#$5&Q%&)02"3)&-#&O?%RP:&+%)&'(#/"-%&.0/&G(,#:&./#2"$%,#)+#:&",B
.*"2%&()%&2"#/+%&20)#1"3)&/#%*:&)0&()%&20)#1"3)&,#/%,#)+#&.$C'("2%5&
Q%&-"$+%)2"%&'(#&#1"$+#&#)+/#&#$+%&.0$+(/%:&4&#*&F/#BL-#$2(A/","#)+0&
-#&'(#&?%&-#&#1"$+"/&()&!%2+0/&-#&()"-%-&#)&#*&'(#&*%&,(*+".*"2"-%-&
-#&-%+0$&./0="$+0$&.0/&*%&$#)$"A"*"-%-&$#%)&()"!"2%-0$:&#$&,(4&20/+%5&
M$+#&#$!(#/R0&#$&#*&'(#&#=#)+(%*,#)+#&S%)+&-#$%//0**3&%*@9)&+"#,.0&
-#$.(E$&F2!5&S%)+:&S/T;&U&HVIBHKWL5
<")&*%&./#02(.%2"3)&!")%*&-#&G(,#:&.#/0&20)+")(%)-0&*%&-"/#2B
2"3)&#,."/"$+%:&$#&#)2(#)+/%&#)&*%&%2+(%*"-%-&X#/#Y&D%/!"+5&<"&*0&,#)B
2"0)%,0$&%&E*:&4&)0&%&,(2?0$&0+/0$&.#/$0)%>#$&/#*#=%)+#$:&#$&%&2%($%&
-#&'(#&.%/#2#&./0*0)@%/&*%&-#$20)!"%)R%&?%2"%&*0$&!()-%,#)+0$&-#&*%&
"-#)+"-%-&?%$+%&()&*C,"+#&")#1.*0/%-0&20)&%)+#/"0/"-%-5&
D%/!"+:&")+#)+%&%/@(,#)+%/&%&+/%=E$&-#&$($&0A/%$&%&!%=0/&-#&*%&())%1
.%2#0$(#&'(#&.0$##&*%&2(#$+"3)&$0A/#&*%&"-#)+"-%-&.#/$0)%*&F2!5&ZWWK;&
IVBHZVL5&[&+/%=E$&-#&#>#/2"2"0$&,#)+%*#$&'(#&(+"*"R%)&#*&/#2(/$0&-#&



i.F
EPZ
DVFOUB
EF
RVF
NJ
FYQMJDBDJØO
FT
NVZ
EFGFDUVPTBw
:
NÈT
BEFMBOUF
BGJSNB
iUP-
das mis esperanzas se desvanecen cuando paso a explicar los principios que enlazan
nuestras sucesivas percepciones en nuestro pensamiento o conciencia. A este respecto,
NF
FT
JNQPTJCMF
EFTDVCSJS
UFPSÓB
BMHVOB
RVF
NF
TBUJTGBHBw
)VNF




!"" Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%&'$%"()%$$%*'+#&!#",-./#0&'$%.'"1.#0,&2-/"#$*0.#"!#-&!&-/"'2(
3./-"/#$.'#,'"#4%3.-5-%$"#067,%'"#"#,'"#3&/2.'"#4"$%"#.-/.#3!"'&-"#
2&/8"#%//&!&9"'-&#2":&/#2%#!"#3&/2.'"#/&2,!-"'-&#&2#!"#0%20"#7,&#&2-,9.#
"!#./%;&'#1&!#3/.$&2.#.#2%#&2#.-/"<#=2%0%20.+#,'"#3&/2.'"#7,&#3./#
,'#;/"9&#1">.#.#3./#,'"#.3&/"$%*'#7,%/?/;%$"#2&#!&#&@-/"A&/"#!"#0%(
-"1#1&!#$&/&:/.#B#3,1%&/"#/&$,3&/"/#2,#),'$%.'"0%&'-.#32%$.!*;%$.#
'./0"!#$.'#!"#0%-"1#'.#1">"1"+#&9%1&'-&0&'-&#2&;,%/8"#2%&'1.#!"#0%2(
0"#3&/2.'"<#C%'#&0:"/;.+#2%#"#,'"#3&/2.'"#2&#!&#1%9%1%&/"#&!#$&/&:/.#
&@%-.2"0&'-&#&'#1.2#3"/-&2#B#&2-"2#2&#-/"'23!"'-"/"'#"#1.2#$,&/3.2#
%;,"!&2#&'#!.2#7,&#$"1"#3"/-&#1&!#$&/&:/.#3,1%&/"#4"$&/2&#$"/;.#1&!#
),'$%.'"0%&'-.#32%$.!*;%$.#./1%'"/%.#7,&#-83%$"0&'-&#$"/"$-&/%D":"#
"!#EB.F#1&#./%;&'+#'.2#;&'&/"/8"#!"2#2%;,%&'-&2#.:2&/9"$%.'&2G#B"#7,&#
2&/8"'#1.2#3&/2.'"2#1%9&/2"2+#'.#3,&1&#2&/#$%&/-.#7,&#$"1"#,'"#1&#
&!!"2#2&"#&!#EB.F#./%;%'"!+#3,&2#2&/8"#,'"#$.'-/"1%$$%*'<#HC*!.#,'"#2&/8"#
&!#EB.F#./%;%'"!I#J2-.#'.#2&/8"#3/&$%2.#1&:%1.#"#7,&#!"#3&/2.'"#./%;%'"!#
-&'1/8"#!"#0%20"#/&!"$%*'#$.'#!"2#1.2#3&/2.'"2#/&2,!-"'-&2<#
J'# &!# ).'1.+# 2&;?'# K"/)%-+# !"# %1&'-%1"1# 3&/2.'"!# '.# 2&# 3,&1&#
),'1"0&'-"/#&'#!"#$.'-%',%1"1#1&!#$,&/3.+#B"#7,&#&!#$,&/3.#3,&1&#'.#
2&/# 2%&03/&# &!# 0%20.L# !"# %1&'-%1"1# 3&/2.'"!# '.# 2&# 3,&1&# ),'1"(
0&'-"/# -"03.$.# &'# !"# $.'-%',%1"1# 1&# !"# $.'$%&'$%"+# 3,&2-.# 7,&#
52-"#3,&1&#2&/#1,3!%$"1"+#"!-&/"1"#.#/&%'9&'-"1"<##M&#&2-"#0"'&/"+#
!"#%1&'-%1"1#3&/2.'"!#&2#,'"#)%$$%*'#B#3./#&!!.#!"#$%&'($%"%#)&*+,'"!-#
',#&+#!,#./&#$0),*("N#O$)<#PQQRG#PSST<#U&"0.2#!"2#3/.3%"2#3"!":/"2#
1&#&2-&#",-./G

U.#7,&#%03./-"#'.#&2#7,&#4"B"#"!;,%&'#9%9.#7,&#2&"#B.+#2%'.#
062#:%&'#7,&#4"B"#"!#0&'.2#,'"#3&/2.'"#9%9"#7,&#2&"#$.'(
-%',.#32%$.!*;%$"0&'-&#$.'0%;.#-"!#B#$.0.#2.B#"4./"+#BV.#
7,&#-&';"#!.#2,)%$%&'-&#1&#0%#$&/&:/.<#W,"'1.#4"B"#2*!.#,'"#
3&/2.'"# "28# 3.1/6# 2&/# 1&2$/%-"# $.0.# B.<# W,"'1.# 4"B"# 1.2#
3&/2.'"2# "28+# '.# 3.1/6'# ")%/0"/# 7,&# $"1"# ,'"# 1&# &!!"2# 2.B#
B.<#ONT#J'#',&2-/.2#3&'2"0%&'-.2#"$&/$"#1&#',&2-/"#3/.3%"#
%1&'-%1"1#-&'1&0.2#"#$"&/#&'#%!,2%.'&2<#ONT#C.23&$4.#7,&#
4"B#9"/%"2#$",2"2#1&#&2-"#$/&&'$%"#%!,2./%"<#X&#&2-"1.#-/"-"'(
1.#"7,8#,'"#1&#&!!"2G#',&2-/.#&27,&0"#$.'$&3-,"!<#=,'7,&#
'&$&2%-"0.2#$.'$&3-.2#3"/"#3&'2"/#"$&/$"#1&#!"#/&"!%1"1+#"#

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
 !"#"$%&"'#()&*$%(*$%+*$%,-.&/0*$1%2*0340+/&*$%(*$%5"#5*$%
#*0#"6,4)("$% #*0% (*$% 5"#5*$% )#".#)% +"% ()% .")(/+)+1%78% "0% "(%
#)$*%+"%#/".,*$%#*0#"6,*$8%)94"((*$%94"%"$,:0%&:$%#).;)+*$%
+"%/&6*.,)0#/)%"&*#/*0)(%*%&*.)(8%-$,*$%64"+"0%(("!).0*$%)%
#*034$/<01%="%"$,*$%#*0#"6,*$%#).;)+*$8%"(%+"%04"$,.)%/+"0,/>
+)+%"$8%94/':8%"(%&:$%"0;)?*$*%@A).3/,8%BCCDE%FBF>FBGH1

A)4(%I/#*".%"0%$4%(/J.*%!"#$%&$'#('$'#')*'%5)%,.),)+*%+"%."$6*0+".%
)%(*$%).;4&"0,*$%+"%A).3/,%+/$,/0;4/"0+*%"0,."%()%/+"0,/+)+%#*&*%
$%&$%+,+8%"0%J)$"%)%()%#4)(%#)+)%40*%"$%$/&6("&"0,"%-.#$%&$'#@%+-$/#
&,$-/#0.-%(1H8%+"%()%/+"0,/+)+%#*&*%%2&-%+,+/#"0%J)$"%)%()%#4)(%#)+)%
40*%"$%&"#$%&$'%@%2&-/#&-.3/#&-.4&)H1%K)%/+"0,/+)+%#*&*%$%&$%+,+#$46*0"%
()%"L/$,"0#/)%+"%40)%$4$,)0#/)%6".*%0*%"$%"$,)%(*%&:$%/&6*.,)0,"%M)%
94"%6".,"0"#"%)%()%"$3".)%+"(%5'*61,7+-7/#+"%(*%*JN",*8%+"%(*%94"%"$%
+"()0,"% +"% 04"$,.*$% *N*$1% O/"0,.)$% 94"% ()% %2&-%+,+# 6".,"0"#"% )% ()%
"$3".)%+"(%8,&-%78%"$%+"#/.8%+"%()%"L/$,"0#/)%)4,-0,/#)1P%Q/0%"&J).;*8%
()%/6$"/+)+8%$";R0%I/#*"4.8%"$%%+-7)%+,+#7,**,)%9,/#"$%+"#/.8%."$4(,)+*%
+"%()%40/+)+%"3"#,/!)%+"%40)%!/+)%"0,".)%M%"$%)$";4.)+)%6*.%"(%(,6
*:()-*8%"0,"0+/+*%#*&*%40)%#/".,)%#*0$,)0#/)%"0%()$%+/$6*$/#/*0"$8%M%
6*.%40)%3/+"(/+)+%)%$S%&/$&*%94"%$"%+"&4"$,.)%"0%"(%&)0,"0".%()$%
6.*&"$)$1%T$,"%$,7)-7%$%-7)'#+-#&"8%%M%"$,"%(,*:()-*#$*0%6).)%I/#*"4.%
"(%"$6)#/*%+"%.")(/')#/<0%+"%()%%+-7)%+,+#7,**,)%9,#@#31%I/#*"4.8%FUUVE%
FVV>FWBH;U#

8 Ricoeur extrañamente comenta en un paréntesis de esta misma página que Vorhan-

denheit se refiere según Martineau al estar-a-la-mano ($G3JDPFVS 
 Esto es un
error, al menos en la terminología heideggeriana, ya que estar-a-la-mano corresponde
a Zu-handen. Enseguida también sostiene que Vorhandenheit, FT
USBEVDJEP
QPS
7F[JO

como estar-ahí-delante, MP
RVF
FT
DPSSFDUP
Vor-handen, existente, ante los ojos, objeto


DG
)FJEFHHFS

ff

9!!La identidad personal como identidad narrativa sobre todo parece realizarse cuando
TF
BDFSDB
BM
NBSHFO
EFOPNJOBEP
jNBOUFOJNJFOUP
EF
TÓx
i&M
NBOUFOJNJFOUP
EF
TÓ
FT

para la persona, la manera de comportarse de modo que otro puede contar con ella.
Porque alguien cuenta conmigo, soy responsable de mis acciones ante otro. El término
de responsabilidad reúne las dos significaciones: contar con… ser responsable de… Las
reúne, añadiéndoles la idea de una respuesta a la pregunta: «¿Dónde estas?», planteada
por el otro que me solicita. Esta respuesta es: «¡Heme aquí!». Respuesta que dice el man-
UFOJNJFOUP
EF
TÓw
3JDPFVS




!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$"%&'"%()*+,"%-)%."%$-)'($-"-%/)+0*'".

!"#$%&$'(&&)*(%+(&%*),$&"("%-.#(&$"%/%+("#.&-"%0("%*$1$%(12)3-&%-%4.$%
)0#$0#$5("%&$+2-0#$-&0("%'.-#&(%+&$3.0#-"6%#(*-"%5./%$"#&$'7-5$08
#$%.0)*-"%$0#&$%"96%+$&(%'-*-%.0-%+("$/$0*(%".%+&(+)-%+$'.2)-&)*-*:

‡;<=5(%*$"'.1&)5("%-%2-%+$&"(0-%'(5(%.0%"$&%*)"#)0#(%-%2-"%
'("-">%?)'7(%*$%(#&(%5(*(:%;'=5(%+(*$5("%)*$0#)@)'-&%-%
.0-%+$&"(0-%'(5(%+$&"(0-%A/-%"$-%2-%+&(+)-6%/-%"$-%2-%*$2%
(#&(B>%?$1$5("%*$%$0'(0#&-&%-%4.C%'2-"$%*$%$,)*$0')-%$"%
+(")12$%-+$2-&%+-&-%&$'(0('$&%-%.0-%+$&"(0-%'(5(%#-2D

‡¢&yPRSRGHPRVHVWDUFLHUWRVGHODLGHQWLGDGGHODSHUVRQD
$0%$2%#)$5+(>%!"#$%$"%$2%+&(12$5-%*$%2-%/)+0$0()'#$"%*$2%"$&%
+$&"(0-2%-%#&-,C"%*$%2("%'-51)("D

‡¢&XiOHVODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODLGHQWLGDGSHUVRQDO"'LFKRGH
(#&(%5(*(6%;2-%)*$0#)*-*%+$&"(0-2%+("$$%,-2(&>%;4.C%'2-"$%
*$%,-2(&>%;-'-"(%$"%-E)(2=3)'-5$0#$%0$.#&->%

‡¢4Xp HV OR TXH KDFH D OD SHUVRQD VHU SHUVRQD" (VWH HV HO
+&(12$5-%*$2%#*'0($(&($1&2%/)+0*'")%(%+&(12$5-%*$%2-%/)+0*3
'".$-"-%$0%$2%"$0#)*(%(0#(2=3)'(%*$%$"#-%$E+&$")=0D

F%'(0#)0.-')=0%#&-#$5("%*$%&$"+(0*$&%-%$"#-"%'.$"#)(0$"%-%#&-,C"%
*$%2-%")3.)$0#$%$E+2(&-')=0D

-B%%<(0(')5)$0#(%)0*.1)#-12$%/%")5.2#G0$(%*$2%"$&%&$-2%$E#&-5$0#-2%/%
*$2%"$&%&$-2%+$&"(0-2

H-%$E+$&)$0')-%*$%'.-24.)$&%'("-%")#.-*-%*$2-0#$%*$%0("(#&("%"$%$08
'.$0#&-%-"(')-*-%")$5+&$%"%."%)4/)+$)'#$"%/)#&.$"+%5&)%/*0))2*0%-)%'*0*3
(+*0%2$02*0D%F2%I'(0('$&%-23(J%*$%5-0$&-%#$5G#)'-%/%(1K$#),-6%")$5+&$%
-'(0#$'$%4.$%I'(0(L'(%4.$%'(0(L'(J%/%I'(0(L'(%4.$%"(/J%*$%5(*(%
I-#$5G#)'(JD%;M.C%4.)$&$%*$')&%$"#(>%M.$%2$%$"%$"$0')-2%-%#(*(%-'#(%

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"#$%&%$"'#&%#("'#()*%#+&,#!"#$"!%&'()*(+,(,$-,(*'($"'$,(./*(,$-,#(-&%#
.,/0-1&# ("'# +&,# $,2.,$-)&# QRUHÁHMD3# #-*0*'!%"+3# !"*# 01( 2%02,( ,&."# 01(
2%02,3#4,#2,*,0',#5,."/6.-$%7(8+-"'"#!"$-'#8+"#"9-(."#+&#(,0"'#8+"#&%#
:"#2+"(.%#;%#$%/%#$*2"#!"#/-#-&!,<,$-)&#;#8+"3#(-&#"/0,'<%3#0*(2*()"#
,$%/2,=,&!%#.%!%#."/,>#?%#.%!%#*%#8+"#("#5!,73#("#!,#,45*$%6"2*'$*(
7,48%*!$,9:()*+"'$*()*(21:($%/%#"--,5;'),0*#@%"!%,:(%"!$/2A("&#(+#-&."*-<-B
0-*-!,!#-&.'C&("$,#"'$*#@,4A#/-(#$,2,$-!,!"(#$%<&%($-.-D,(>#E9-(."#+&#
/%!%#!"#)"-0*#!-D"'(%3#8+"#&%#"(#."/,3#8+"#&%#"(#%0F".%#@,48%*!$/2A#
;# 8+"# (-&# "/0,'<%# ("# /"# %G'"$"# 0,F%# +&,# /%!,*-!,!# 2"$+*-,'># H%'#
"**%#2%!"/%(#!"$-'#8+"3#,!"/6(#!"#"$*2;$%!,3#"(."#!,.%#"(#%',45*$%6,:#%#
/"F%'#,I&3#0/45*$%6,:("(#!"$-'3#("#+"'<"($%/%#!,.%(!"(!"#"*#"(.',.%#/6(#
2'%G+&!%#@0/4A#!"#*%#8+"#(%;3
E&#/-#"92"'-"&$-,#-&."<',*/"&."#$%&(-!"',!,#"9-(."#+&#(,0"'#8+"#
',( 0*(2*()"()*+"'$*()*(213#(-&%#*'(21:#2%'# 2+',# 2'"("&$-,3#$%&("$.,B
'-,/"&.">#4,#2,*,0',#5$%&("$.,'-%7(8+-"'"#-&!-$,'#8+"#"(."#(,0"'#("#
"&$+"&.',#,$%/2,=,&!%#.%!%#,$.%#!"#$%&%$-/-"&.%#:+/,&%#2"'%#&%#
%'(-*!$,:((-&%#%'(,4+%./,:($%&&%.,.-D,/"&."3#!"#/,&"',#&%B'"G*"F,>#J%!,#
'"G"'"&$-,#,#*,#"92"'-"&$-,#8+"#2%("%#!"#/C#/-(/%#,&."#/C#/-(/%#
"(#UHÁHMD"(#$*2;$%!"3#"(#,45*$%6">#H'"$-(,/"&."#"(#!-GC$-*#,2'":"&!"'#*,#
$%&(-(."&$-,#!"#"(.,##-*0*'!%"#2%'8+"#$+,&!%#:,0*,/%(#!"#"**,#*,#."&"B
/%(#8+"#$%*%$,'#$%/%#,45*$,:($%/%#!,.%B!"*,&."#!"#&%(%.'%(>#K-"&B
.',(#8+"#F+(.%#*%#8+"#!"(",/%(#-&!-$,'#"(#8+"#(+#&,.+',*"L,#2'%2-,#"(#
("'#*,#*=#*-%*'!%"(@!"#*%#8+"#(%;A#8+"#,$%/2,=,#,#.%!,#%.',#*=#*-%*'!%"(
@!"#*%#8+"#"(#!"*,&."#!"#/CA3
M"#"(.,#/,&"',3#"*#:"$:%#!"#8+"#"*#$%&."&-!%#!"#"(.,#$,2.,$-)&#
-&/"!-,.,#&%#G%'/"#2,'."#!"*#$%&."&-!%#!"#,8+"**%#8+"#"(#,45*$,()*(2%(
!,',!%2%*'$,(&%#(-<&-G-$,#8+"#"*#!,.%#$%<&-.-D%#$%/%#.,*#8+"#2'%D""#"*#
(+F".%#,#(C#/-(/%3#&%#"9-(.,#%#(",#-''"*"D,&.">#K6(#,I&3#$+,&!%#:,0*,B
/%(#!"#."&"'#"92"'-"&$-,3#$+,&!%#/"&$-%&,/%(#8+"#*,#"92"'-"&$-,#"(#
G+&!,/"&.,*#2,',#.%!%#2"&(,'#'-<+'%(%3#$+,&!%#,2'"$-,/%(#8+"#*,#"9B
2"'-"&$-,#"(#+&#$%&F+&.%#$%/2*"F%#!"#!,.%(#8+"#("#&%(#%G'"$"&3#&%#2%B
!"/%(#2'"($-&!-'#!"#'"$%&%$"'#8+"#*,#2'"("&$-,#!"*#:%/0'"#,#(C#/-(/%#
("#/,&-G-"(.,#2'-/,'-,/"&."#.,/0-1&#!"#/%!%#*=#*-%*'!%"+(*(%'2*)%"$,3#
4,#"92"'-"&$-,#!"#+&#G"&)/"&%#"(.6#(-"/2'"#,$%/2,=,!,#!"#*,#
*=#*-%*'!%"()*(+,(./*(0,>>#E(.,#"92"'-"&$-,#&%#D"'(,#(%0'"#*+(0*-(*'(?*8
'*-"+:(*+(@,24-*(*'(?*'*-"+(%#(%0'"(*+(>,(#%*'0,(*'(?*'*-"+:((-&%#(%0'"#"*#

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%&'()&'!"#$"!%'*+'&,-&%.&/0.+'1&2'!"#$%&'/"'&3'2+'&,-&%.&/0.+'1&'
&'("#)*+#+$,#3./"'2+'&,-&%.&/0.+'1&'&'(*-+.#)*-+.#$"!%#
4"' -"1&#"3' /&5+%' ()&' &36+' &,-&%.&/0.+' &3' )/' 0.&%6"' 1+%#&'
0)&/6+' 1&' #.' #&/6&' 7!"# /+# 0+12-3"# 0+.$&.4",# !"# /+# 0+12-3"# $-.5-+.4",#
!"#/+#0+12-3"#+'-(-+.4",#!"#/+#0+12-3"#$-+.4",#!"#/+#0+12-3"#!",#+$#4+2-1,#*.#
&'(*-+.%%%89':./'&#$+%5";'/"'1&3&+#"3'1&'&/6%+1+'!+0&%'-%"<&3.=/'1&'
)/'0.&%6"'0+%6&3.+/.3#"9'>"%'/+.5+#1&3&+#"3'3.#-2&#&/6&'./1.0+%')/'
0"/?)/6"'1&'<&/=#&/"3'()&'%&+2.@"'4+$4+#4+.51"#4+#/6'A'()&'+0"/6&B
0&/'0"#"')/+'0.&%6+'-.5+1-"1-4&4#$*37+5-8&#"'$*37+5-8-4&4%'4)&C+#&/6&'
./3.36.#"3D'2+'&,-&%.&/0.+'()&'A"'6&/5"'1&'#E'#.3#"'+2'#"#&/6"'1&'
0"/"0&%'&2'#)/1"'&3')/'0.&%6"'1+%3&9'4"'-"1&#"3'.5/"%+%'&36&'1+%3&'
+'#&/"3'()&'C"2)/6+%.+#&/6&'2"'0+/0&2&#"3'+2'#"#&/6"'1&2'+/F2.3.3'
1&2'0"/"0.#.&/6"9':.'!&#"3'1&'+0&-6+%'2"'()&'3&'1+'0"#"'3&'1+'A'3=2"'
&/'2"3'2E#.6&3'&/'()&'3&'1+;'6&/&#"3'()&'%&0"/"0&%'()&'&2'3&%'()&'
3"#"3;'-"%'3)'3"2+'-%&3&/0.+;'-"3&&')/'0.&%6"'3+$&%'1&'3E'7."$$+#$+8;'
1.36./6"'+2'()&'"$6.&/&'+2'%&<2&,."/+%'3"$%&'3E'72"(-5&1+#$+8'70<9'G)33&%2;'
HIJKD'L'MN89
O)&'&36"'/"'3&'&/2.36+'&/'&2'-2+/6&+#.&/6"'0+%6&3.+/"'0"/C&/B
0."/+2'3&'-)&1&'C&%.<.0+%'0)+/1"'0"/6./)+#"3'/)&36%+'&,-2"%+0.=/'A'
0"/36+6+#"3'()&'2+'&,-&%.&/0.+'1&'2"'()&'3"A'-"3&&'./6%E/3&0+#&/6&'
)/+'1.#&/3.=/'<E3.0+'7!"#/+#0+12-3"#$-+.4"#2*+10"89'P&31&'1&/6%"'-&%B
0.$"'/-#$+1'0"#"'$+1#2"1091+"9'Q/'2+'<.2"3"<E+'0+%6&3.+/+;'&2'0)&%-"'!)B
#+/"'&36F'2.#.6+1"'-"%'2+'&,6&/3.=/'0"#"'0)+2().&%'"6%"'0)&%-"9':./'
&#$+%5";'&/'&2'2*+10":8-8-4"#-"%'#E'02+%+#&/6&'3&'%&$+3+/'2"3'2E#.6&3'
0+%6&3.+/"39'R%+0.+3'+'/-#2*+10",#&,-&%.#&/6+1"'4+$4+#4+.51",#3S'29/"#+$#
$+1:2*+10"%'*+'0"/1.0.=/'0"%-=%&+'/"'&3')/'1+6"'./+00&3.$2&'-+%+'#E;'
A+'()&'#.'3&%'2+'./02)A&'0"#"'1.#&/3.=/'0"/36.6)6.C+9'TF3'+U/;'#.'
0)&%-"'3.5/.<.0+'2"'()&'3"A'-+%+'#E'A'-+%+'"6%"3'&/'0.&%6"'5%+1"9'V"'
#&'&,-%&3"'+'6%+CS3'1&'#.'0)&%-"9'Q2'0)&%-"'&3'&,-%&3.=/'A'&C&/6)+2B
#&/6&'1"/;'&3'1&0.%;'1+6";'1&'2+'-&%3"/+'()&'3"A9
T.'3&%'-"3&&'C&%1+1&%+#&/6&')/+'+;5+1-"1-4&4#$*37+5-8&;'"'#&?"%'
+U/;')/+'$*37+5-8-4&4#+;5+1-"1;'()&'&3'/-:2*+10"9'Q2'3&%'()&'3"A'A'()&'
3+$&'1&'3E'-"%'-)%+'-%&3&/0.+'/"'3&'-&%0.$&'$9'"#2"/"#/+.5+'3./"'2"/"#
2*+10"%# P&' !&0!";' 2+' 1.36./0.=/' #&/6&B0)&%-";' /"' +0"/6&0&' &/' &36&'
#"#&/6"9'Q36+'1.36./0.=/;'3.'&3'()&'&C&/6)+2#&/6&'1&31&'+25U/'-)/B
6"'1&'C.36+'3&'?)36.<.0+;'+-+%&0&%F'1&'#+/&%+'-"36&%."%'-"%'CE+'%&<2&?+9'

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"#$%"&'("(#)*+","#!"#$%#&!'!()&#*%#+&!%,&#",)-)!&,)&#.&/"#'!#+"*"#*%#
$%,#*'&0#-',.#/*%#&"#%01%$'%,2'"#(%&#1$.1'.#-%$#%-#%01%$'%,2'"#(%#'!&#
,%&0)*&*#1"1&0#%!#0&#2'%#0"#+%!1&0#3#0"#(",45,%"#6",+&!#7'!)*&*8#34#,.#+%$"#
5*,'6,789#!"#%01%$'%,2'"#(%&#).+:$%#%-#*,#(";.#.$'<',"$'.#%,#%&#/*%#
%&# -%,;'$=# %&# 1%,-"$=# %&# /*%$%$=# 4# 2.,2.+';",;%+%,;%=# &"# ',-;"&"2'6,#
1%$-.,"&#%,#%&#+*,(.#(%#&.-#%,;%-#2.$16$%.-=#"1"$%2%,#2.,#&"#*,'("(#
1$.1'"#(%&#-%$9#>&#("-)1"=#(%#%-;"#+",%$"=#,.#-%#(%-2*:$%#"?%,.#"#&"#
@',';*(#4#"#&"#;%+1.$"&'("(#(%&#+*,(.=#,.#-%#%,2*%,;$"#%-2',('(.#(%&#
$%',.#(%#&.#%+49,)("#%,#*,#2'%$;.#%-;$";.#-*1%$'.$=#-',.#/*%#%&#-%$#/*%#
-":%#(%#-A=#-":%#(%#-A#2.+.#-%$=#"&#B'B'$-%:#&0#%;4%,)+%!1&,$%:#&0#4%,().),$%#
ÀQLWRFRQWLQJHQWHIUiJLO
!"#%01%$'%,2'"#(%&#).+:$%#/*%#"2.+1"C"#;.("#.;$"#%01%$'%,2'"#
4#/*%#,.#1*%(%#%B';"$-%#"D,#2*",(.#%,#+.+%,;.-#2.+.#%&#-*%C.#
"&<*,"-#(%#-*-#2"$"2;%$A-;'2"-#2.<,';'B"-#('-+',*4",=#%-#&"#%01%$'%,E
2'"#(%&#)!1%-,'+#)*+",.#2.,2$%;.9#F.$#%&&.=#&"#1$.1.-'2'6,#54.#;%,<.#
2*%$1.7#,.-#1"$%2%#',2.$$%2;"9#!"#B'B%,2'"#(%&#1$.1'.#2*%$1.#,.#-%#
("#2.+.#*,#<&.%,#-',.#2.,#%&#+.(.#1%2*&'"$#26+.#%&#$%,#2'%#$"3#-%#$%E
B%&"#$)%!*"=#G-A=#&.#+H-#1$.1'.#%-#"@'$+"$#54.#-.4#2*%$1.79#!.#+'-+.#
1.($A"#(%2'$-%#(%#2*"&/*'%$#%-;"(.#+%,;"&#/*%#1.-;%$'.$+%,;%#-%#$%E
2.,.I2"=#%,#-*#%-%,2'"=#'$$%(*2;':&%#"#&"#1$.1'"#2.$1.$%'("(J#5!"#1%!-"#
+%!1%:#$"3#+%!1%79#>,#%&#@.,(.=#&.#/*%#-.4#":$"I"#"+:"-#$%"&'("(%-#4#,.#
-%#"<.;"#%,#,',<*,"#(%#%&&"-9KL#
MN%$H,# %-;"-# 1%$2%12'.,%-# +%$"-# @'22'.,%-# -*:?%;'B"-O# M>&# (";.#
/*%#%&#("-)1"#1$.B%%#-%#("#2.+.#+%$"#'&*-'6,O#N.4#(%#&"#.1','6,#/*%#
2*",(.#+%#(%-2*:$.#"#+A#+'-+.#-',;'%,(.=#1%,-",(.=#%&'<'%,(.#4#
-'%,(.#2*%$1.E(%-(%E(%,;$.=#&"#%01%$'%,2'"#(%#%-;"-#$%"&'("(%-#(%E
+",("#-%$#$%2.,.2'("#2.+.#1,&!$6%!"+>!)(&:#%-#(%2'$=#2.+.#:"-"("#%,#
*,#+.(.#(%#("$-%#,.E.:?%;'B.=#/*%#%-#":-.&*;"+%,;%#'+1.-':&%#/*%#
-%#1$%-%,;%#2.+.#*,#"1"$%2%$#',"(%2*"(.#$%-1%2;.#(%#-*#-%$#@*,(",E
;%9#!"#',"(%2*"2'6,#(%&#"1"$%2%$#$%-1%2;.#(%&#-%$#-6&.#%-#1.-':&%#%,#%&#
2.,.2'+'%,;.#.:?%;'B.9#>,#P&#1*%(%#1$%-%,;"$-%#2.+.#@%,6+%,.#*,#
%,;%#-*-;",2'"&=#*,#%,;%#'(%"&#.#*,#%,;%#(%#$"I6,9#Q%,;$.#(%#%-;%#D&E



&TUP
QBSFDF
IBCFSMP
JOUVJEP
5PNÈT
EF
"RVJOP
DVBOEP
BGJSNB
i&M
BMNB
TJFOEP
QBSUF

EFM
DVFSQP
EFM
IPNCSF
OP
FT
UPEP
FM
IPNCSF

NJ
BMNB
OP
FT
NJ
ZPw
Super I Ad Cor., Cap.

MFDU



!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%!"&$%'(%)(*()+%&,('(-%.&.*(/(*%(-!()%0"/!"/"$)%'(%'"1(*).%2-'$3(4%
5-%!$'$)%()!$)%/.)$)+%.6-%(-%3$)%)(*()%'(%0"//"7-+%()%&$)"83(%'(!(/!.*%
.39,-$)% '.!$)% /$-% /$-)")!(-/".% ()(-/".3% '(0"-"'.% (% "-"-1(-!.83(% :-$%
.*8"!*.*".;%%<%&$*%()$%,-.%/"(*!.%!*.-)$8=(!,.3"'.'4%
!"#$%#&'()&'(&*$+,*&(#&'-&.+#/"."0#&/(&+12(,++%)"-$%>,(%!$'$%$8=(!$%
#.-"0"()!.%'(%'"1(*).)%#.-(*.)%3.%)('&+12(.,*3&()%'(/"*+%),%'"#(-)"7-%
,)*#'+12(,"4*+%,)*#'5(#+67#".*4%5)!.%'"#(-)"7-%-$%-$)%"#&"'(%>,(%(-%.3?
9,-.)%$/.)"$-()%&$'.#$)%/$-0,-'"*%3$%"#.9"-.*"$%/$-%3$%*(.34%@$%>,(%
)2% &$)"8"3"!.% ()% (3% (1(-!,.3% '")/(*-"#"(-!$% (-!*(% 0.-!.)2.% <% *(.3"'.'%
>,(%-$)%&(*#"!"*A%).3"*%'(%-,()!*$%(**$*%&(*/(&!"1$4%
5-%(3%/.)$%'(%3.%(B&(*"(-/".%>,(%(3%)(*%C,#.-$%&$)((%'(%)2%#")#$%
.3%#$#(-!$%'(%/$-$/(*%(3%#,-'$%(%"-!(*./!,.*%(-%D3+%-$%(B")!(%-.'.%
'.'$%/(8*#,(&'(%E#2F4%@$%>,(%(B")!(%()%(3%E#2F+%()%'(/"*%(3%E<$F%>,(%)$<%
<%>,(%('%&*(1"$%.%),%.'1(*!(-/".4%G"/C$%'(%$!*$%#$'$H%3.%),8=(!"1"?
'.'%C,#.-.%!"(-(%>,(%)(*%*(.3%&.*.%>,(%3$%.&.*(-!(%&,('.%'.*)(%(-%
(33.%/$#$%.&.*(-!(4%I"%(-%.39,-$)%.,!$*()+%/$#$%J.*0"!+%3$%>,(%)$<+%
3.%"'(-!"'.'%&(*)$-.3+%)(%1(%.%)2%#")#.%/$#$%,-.%/"(*!.%.&.*"(-/".%
"3,)$*".+%()%&$*>,(%<.%3(%/$-)!.%>,(%()!.%&$)"8"3"'.'%)(%C.%./!,.3"K.'$+%
()%'(/"*+%&$*>,(%(-%(3%C(/C$%'(%*(/!"0"/.*)(%C.%!(-"'$%3.%(B&(*"(-/".%%
'(%)2%#")#.%/$#$%(0(/!"1.#(-!(%(-9.L.'.4%I,0*"*%,-%(-9.L$%.%/.,).%'(%
,-.%"3,)"7-%.'#"!(%(3%)"9,"(-!(%.-A3")")H%3.%"3,)"7-%),0*"'.%-$%()%(-%)(-?
!"'$%()!*"/!$%*(.3+%&(*$%(3%),0*"*3.+%(3%)(*%12/!"#.%'(%(33.+%()%(-%/.#8"$%
,-%C(/C$%"-',8"!.83(4%@$%&,*.#(-!(%.&.*(-!(%(%"3,)$*"$%()%.39$%),&(?
*.'$%<%.-,3.'$%(-%(3%C(/C$%'(%),%*(/!"0"/./"7-%<%(-%()!.%*(/!"0"/./"7-%
/.&!.#$)%3$%*(.3%(-%/,.-!$%*(.3%'(%#.-(*.%'"*(/!.4%5)%.8)$3,!.#(-!(%
"#&$)"83(% !(-(*% ,-% /$-$/"#"(-!$% 1(*'.'(*$% '(% 3$% $!*$% (-% /,.-!$%
$!*$%)"-%3.%*(.3"'.'%'(3%),=(!$%>,(%*(.3"K.%()!.%$&(*./"7-4%M$%()%&$)"?
83(%3.%&*()(-/".%'(%3$%.=(-$%)"-%3.%/"(*!.%<%1(*'.'(*.%&*()(-/".%'(%3$%
&*$&"$%/$#$%(-!(%!*.-)0(-$#D-"/$4%N$#.)%'(%O>,"-$%)$32.%(B&*().*%
()!$%#")#$%'(%#.-(*.%8*(1(%<%/3.*.H%E-.'"(%&,('(%&(-).*+%/$-%.)(-!"?
#"(-!$+%>,(%D3%-$%(B")!(+%&,()%(-%(3%C(/C$%#")#$%'(%&(-).*%.39$+%)(%
&(*/"8(%(B")!(-!(F%:9(&:()",*,(3&>4%PQ+%.4%PR+%.'4%S;4
O)2%3.)%/$).)+%;+)<-(&'+=3&&"(-)$4%J$*>,(%)$<+%"#.9"-$4%J$*>,(%)$<+%
&,('$%33(9.*%.%(>,"1$/.*#(4%53%<$%&(-).'$%-$%&"(-).4%53%<$%"#.9"-.?
'$%-$%"#.9"-.4%53%<$%E"**(3(1.-!(F%-$%C./(%!($*2.)%)$8*(%3.%"**(3(1.-?
/".%'(3%<$4%5)%(3%G(*(T%J.*0"!%*(.3+%(-!(%/$-%"'(-!"'.'%&(*)$-.3+%(-!(%

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"#$%!&!'()*#+,#$%#,'-$%!$.-,#$,#*,%!#/0-,1,0(2%!'.*(2/#$%#,2#*#3($4
%#,50-26.#,0-7##,"!8$!"(",1,/#2#'#,2#70#%-9,#*,6.#,#3#$%.(*/#$%#,
0.#"#,"#'*(2(2,*(,:!22#*#3($'!(,"#,*(,!"#$%!"(";<,=7%(,"#'*(2('!>$,$-,
0-"2?(,"(27#,#$,/-"-,(*8.$-,7!$-,@.)!#2(,.$,!"#$%&'()*#+,&1,*,%-#%",,
6.#,*(,@!'!#2(<AA
B(*#,*(,0#$(,!$7!7%!2,6.#,$("(,"#,*-,6.#,@#,"!'@-,@(,6.#2!"-,7!8$!4
&!'(2,6.#,/!,7#2,7#,2#7.#*3(,1,7#,"!7.#*3(,#$,#*,7()#2,7-)2#,/?<,C*,'-$4
%2(2!-+,*-,6.#,7!8$!&!'(,#7,6.#,#*,7()#2,7-)2#,/?,7>*-,7#,#D0*!'(,#$,#*,
+)(&!")&+,.<,E2#'!7(/#$%#,0-2,#7%-+,0-"#/-7,(@-2(,(&!2/(2,(*8-,/.1,
!/0-2%($%#F,/0+&)%"%*#0*#,%)+&+#%1"/0()+&)2'()+#30+&4)/&*,%-)%#4,&')(*)'-#3,&
4)&*040&5.,6&%,&+)&*,%+-#-".)%&)%&+"&*,%-)%#4,&*,1%#-#3,&#%7)4#0-,&+#%1"/0(&
1(0*#0+&0&"%0&/"8&,9:)-#30&()+,/"9/)&)%&/,+&'(#7)(,+&'(#%*#'#,+&#%-)/)*-"0/)+&
*0'-04,+&*,%&7)4#0*#;%&4)&/,+&+)%-#4,+<&G(7,#D02#7!-$#7,:1-,#D!7%-;+,:1-,
0#2'!)-;+,:1-,0!#$7-;+,:1-,6.!#2-;,7-$,'-$-'!"(7,'-$,'#2%#H(,0-2,*(,
#%7)4#0-)8&)2')(#)%*#0/&=%-#70&4)/&+)(&!")&+,.+,"#,/!,7#2,02#7#$%#,(,/?,
/!7/-,5'&<!I($(*7!B!"(*+,AJKLF,JJ4AMM9<,G(,'-/02#$7!>$,2#&*#N(,"#*,
7#$%!"-,"#,#7%(7,#D02#7!-$#7,$-,0.#"#,*-82(27#+,#3!"#$%#/#$%#+,7!$,#*,
'-$'.27-,"#,*(,*.H,"#,*-7,02!/#2-7,02!$'!0!-7,!$%#*#'%.(*#7<,OP7,(Q$+,
*(,'-/02#$7!>$,2#&*#N(,0#2/!%!2P,#$%#$"#2,6.#,*-7,02!/#2-7,02!$'!4
0!-7,&.$8#$,'-/-,.$(,*#8(*!"(",()7-*.%(,1,$#'#7(2!(,6.#,#*,02-0!-,1-,
1,'.(*6.!#2,#$%#,'./0*#$,7!$,0-"#2*(,3!-*#$%(2,N(/P7<,
I.($"-,#*,7#2,6.#,7-1,#D0#2!/#$%(,#*,/.$"-+,7#,#D0#2!/#$%(,(,
7?,/!7/-<,=7%#,#D0#2!/#$%(27#,0.#"#,"#$-/!$(27#,40(7)&*")%-0>&#7,
"#'!2+,:'-$'!#$'!(;<
G(,'-$'!#$'!(,0-7##,.$,'(2P'%#2,UHÁHMDQWH,2#70#'%-,"#,%-"(,('%!4
3!"(",1,"#,%-"-,'-$-'#2,!$%#$'!-$(*<,C7!/!7/-+,*(,'-$'!#$'!(,0-7##,
.$,'(2P'%#2,#((04#0%-)>&#7,"#'!2+,0-7##,(,*-7,-)N#%-7,!$%#$'!-$(*#7,'-$,
*(,*.H,$#'#7(2!(,0(2(,6.#,0.#"($,UHÁHMDUVH0(2(,6.#,0-"(/-7,40(%,+&
*")%-0&"#,#**-7<,R#,#7%(,/($#2(,*(,'-$'!#$'!(,#%-)(#,(#80&(6.#**-,6.#,
2#&*#N(,#,!22("!(<,?%-)(#,(#80(&$-,7!8$!&!'(,-%2(,'-7(,6.#,%#$#2,#D0#2!#$4

11 Conviene recordar en este punto el clásico argumento agustiniano contra el escep-

UJDJTNP
i:
FO
FTUBT
WFSEBEFT
OP
IBZ
UFNPS
BMHVOP
B
MPT
BSHVNFOUPT
EF
MPT
BDBEÏNJDPT

que preguntan: ¿Y si te engañas? Si me engaño, existo (Si enim fallor, sum); pues quien no
FYJTUF
OP
QVFEF
UBNQPDP
FOHB×BSTF
Z
QPS
FTUP
TJ
NF
FOHB×P
FYJTUP
{DØNP
NF
QVFEP

FOHB×BS
TPCSF
MB
FYJTUFODJB
TJFOEP
UBO
DJFSUP
RVF
FYJTUP
TJ
NF
FOHB×P w
"HVTUÓO
EF

Hipona,2000: 


!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$%&'$()*("*$+&)$,$%&$'#$#!!"-.$&.$!/#.0*$1/&$.*+$(&)0&.&!&.$%&$
2#.&)#$!"#$%&'()*3'$!#)4!0&)$)&5'&6#.0&$&$"))#%"#.0&$%&$'#$!*.!"&.!"#$
.*$".%"!#.$#1/7$UHÁH[LyQ8#$UHÁH[LyQ6/+0#2&.0&$+&)4$(*+"9'&$%&+(/:+;$
<)#!"#+$#$1/&$&="+0&$/.$>'/<#)?*#'$!/#'$)&<)&+#)@$&'$%#0*$()*A"+0*$(*)$&'$
%#)2&$!/&.0#$)&5'&6#.0&BCD
8#$!*.!"&.!"#;$&'$%#)2&$!/&.0#$1/":.$+*,;$2#."5"&+0#$1/&$(&)!"9"E
2*+$&.$&'$$"#+'(,-."&$/.$2*%*$%&$+&)$%"A&)+*$#'$$"#+'(,%B$F-'*$!*.*G!*$
'(,%$!/#.%*$$%/*/%*1/"&.$'*$!*.*!&$%"+0".</":.%*2&$%&$&''*$%&$2#.&E
)#$*)"<".#)"#B$H#)#$#'</.*+$#/0*)&+$&'$%#0*$()*A"+0*$(*)$&'$>,*?;$(*)$'#$
&=(&)"&.!"#$%&'$+7$2"+2*$1/&$+&$(&)!"9&$$."&0%1$&+$2&)#2&.0&$>&="+E
0&.!"#'?;$&+$(/)*$%#)2&$!/&.0#$%&$'#$&="+0&.!"#;$!*2*$+"$5/&)#$(*+"9'&$
!#(0#)$/.$"$$"*2'&2-3*+".$)&5&)&.!"#$#$/.$!"&)0*$3%0%*0"*$"#*!'#2.4-('#)*
I&+%&$./&+0)*$(/.0*$%&$A"+0#;$&+0*$&+$/.$&))*)B$
3'$%&+!/9)"2"&.0*$%&'$()*("*$+&)$&.$'#$&=(&)"&.!"#$1/&$(*+&*$%&$
27$2"+2*1$!*2*$/.$$"#+'(,-."&;$!*2*$/.$>,*?;$(*)$+/(/&+0*$1/&$.*$
+"<."5"!#$&.$2*%*$#'</.*$1/&$&.$&+0#$&=(&)"&.!"#$+&$&=('"!"0&.$0*%*+$
+/+$ !*.0&."%*+$ %&$ 2*%*$ 5*)2#'$ ,$ ()"2#)"*B$ J/,$ (*)$ &'$ !*.0)#)"*;$
'#$(&)!&(!"-.$%&'$()*("*$>,*?$)&A"+0&$/.$.3!%#2'&2"*,#'0%*0"*4%&5-$.6&B$
F".$&29#)<*;$/.#$&=(&)"&.!"#$!*.5/+#$.*$"2('"!#$/.$+#9&)$".!"&)0*$*$
%/%*+*B$K.#$&=(&)"&.!"#$!*.5/+#$&+$#1/&''#$&.$'#$1/&$#'<*$+&$!*.*!&$
(*0&.!"#'$&$".%"+0".0#2&.0&$%&$/.#$2#.&)#$".0&)2&%"#$&.0)&$'#$(/)#$
(*0&.!"#$,$&'$#!0*$(&)5&!0*$L!5B$M*24+$%&$N1/".*;*7&*7*89/$)1*'&!0B$C;$OPB
8#$ &=(&)"&.!"#$ *)"<".#)"#$ %&$ '*$ Q/2#.*1$ %&'$ $:* 3.$3%;$ .*$ &+$ '#$
&=(&)"&.!"#$ %&$ /.$ &="+0")$ ".%"5&)&.!"#%*;$ %&$ '#$ +"2('"!"%#%$ %&'$ +&)$
%"A".*;$*$%&$'#$+"2('"!"%#%$%&'$+&)$(#)0"!"(#%*$&.$27;$+".*$'#$&=(&E
)"&.!"#$%&$'#$!*2('&6"%#%$7.0"2#2&.0&$/."5"!#%#$%&$'*$!*.!)&0*$&.$
%*.%&$+*.$!*(&)!"9"%*+$+"2/'04.&#2&.0&$&'$$"#$,$&'$3%0%*0"*$"#$1/&$
2&$!*.+0"0/,&.B$
NR.$!/#.%*$'#+$(#)0&+$".0&<)#'&+$%&$'*$1/&$+*,$.*$#(#)&G!#.$5*)E
2#'2&.0&$%"+!)"2".#%#+;$'#$&=(&)"&.!"#$*)"<".#)"#$%&'$9-3'&-31$%&'$
>,*?;$+&$(&)!"9&$!*.$!"&)0#+$!#)#!0&)7+0"!#+$1/&$'&$%#.;$(/&+;$/.$!*.0&E
."%*$&'&2&.0#'$,$$-.*,;&"#.$B$8#$".0&.+"%#%$.*!"*.#'$%&$'#$&=(&)"&.!"#$

12 Concebir a la conciencia en su carácter no-intencional es una novedad en la escuela

GFOPNFOPMØHJDB
BQPSUBEB
QPS
,BSPM
8PKUZMB
$G
8PKUZMB

Z
TT

7ÏBTF
UBNCJÏO


#VUUJHMJPOF

Z
TT

Z

(VFSSB




Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"!
!"#$%#&'(&%(#)"'!"!"#$%#&'(&%(#*+(,-#.(#")#%/012#1#21#!"#21#.(3%4.#(56
7"8%91#!"#".8":#;$51)#)(.#31&813%(.")#3(.<0)1):#=%.#"$51'/(-#1$51)#
)"#!%)8%./0".#".8'"#)>:#?(#")#2(#$%)$(#31&81'#(57"8%91$".8"#@0"##$%&"
'(-#1#31&81'#&('#21#&'(&%1#&'")".3%1#!"#$>#1#$>#$%)$(#@0"##$%)*'+"'(,"
A1#"9%!".3%1#&)%3(24/%31#!"2#*+(,#.(#")#21#"9%!".3%1#!"#21#$"'1#"B%)6
8".3%1#1%)21!1#"#%.!"8"'$%.1!1-#81$&(3(#")#21#"9%!".3%1#!"#0.#".8"#
3012@0%"'1#@0"#")8C#)%".!(-#)%.(#21#!"#0.#)"'#@0"#)15"#!"#)>#+#@0"#)"#
!%)8%./0"#!"#8(!(#2(#(8'(:
D(.#2(#E1)81#1@0>#"B&0")8(-#&(!"$()#".8".!"'#@0"#21#%!".8%!1!#
&"')(.12#")#21#%!".8%!1!#!"#0.#".8"#'"12:#=%.#"$51'/(-#F@0G#31'138"6
'>)8%31)#&()""#")8"#".8"H#;#3(.8%.013%4.#)"I12"$()#12/0.1)#!"#21)#$C)#
'"2"91.8")J

!"#$%!&%!'('J#21#"B&"'%".3%1#!"2#&'(&%(#)"'#.(#)"#!1#&'%$1'%16
$".8"#!"#$1."'1#"B8"'%('#+#(57"8%91#K1L.#301.!(#3(.30''1#
!")!"#)0#%.%3%(#$C)#'1!%312-#3(.#21#"B&"'%".3%1#!"#2(#(8'(K#
)%.(#@0"#&'"3%)1$".8"#"32()%(.1#'-".#/0'"()12'30*K#!")!"#21#*+4
0*5*6#6"&+0&$7%*3##@0"#")#"2#3(5%7(#"2"$".812#".#"2#@0"#.13"#+#
)"#!")1''(221#.0")8'(#*!1'.()#30".81,:#M2#*!1'.()#30".81,-#21#
"B&"'%".3%1#!"2#*+(,-#")#&'"3%)1$".8"#'"3(.(3%$%".8(#!"#0.1#
'"12%!1!#1.8"'%('#1#21#&'(&%1#"B&"'%".3%1:#

!")&*+"!)(,!-!'('. !")&*/(%(,-$J# "2# )"'# E0$1.(# )"# &"'3%5"#

*!")31.)1.!(#".#)>#$%)$(,#3(.#0.#8%&(#&"302%1'#!"#%.!"&".6
!".3%1#4.8%31:#M2#)"'#@0"#)15"#!"#)>-#)"#)15"#(*'+6&"'+"(8:#=%.#
"$51'/(-#"2#)"'6".6)>-#(#)"'#)0)81.3%12-#&('#'"9"21')"#3($(#812#
1#8'19G)#!"2#)15"'#!"#)>-#1.0.3%1#@0"#21#)0)81.3%1#@0"#)($()#
&()""#0.#8%&(#")&"3%12#!"#*+('*6#6:#A1#*+('*6#6#!"#21#)0)81.3%1#
&"')(.12# &()""# 812# /'1!(# !"# &"'<"33%4.# @0"# &0"!"# "B&"'%6
$".81')"#1#)>#$%)$1:#A1#"B&"'%".3%1#!"#21#%.)"%!1!#")#21#"B6
&"'%".3%1#!"#21#0.%!1!#!"#2(#@0"#)(+:#=(+#0.#".8"#0.(#+#$"#
9%9(#3($(#812:#D01.!(#E"$()#!%3E(#@0"#$"#"B&"'%$".8(#1#
$>#$%)$(#&('#$>#$%)$(-#")81#.(#")#0.1#%!".8%!1!#913>1-#8106
8(24/%31#+#<('$12-#)%.(#0.1#108(&()")%4.#."3")1'%1#@0"#&'(6
3"!"#'"21$".8"#!"#0.1#0.%!1!#)%.8G8%31#3(.)8%808%91-#")#!"3%'-#
(.8(24/%31-#@0"#)42(#+(#&()"(#+#.1!%"#$C):#;)>#21)#3()1)-#"2#

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

 !"#$%&#'"!#&'#%(#&()&#!"#$#"%#!$&'$()$(*'&%+$#,-+..",#-()#*#!/#*+#
'&,#$%&#'"!-#.&'.&#&')&#/%()"#.&#01')2-#&'#0&,.2.&,2#0#%&.'#+,#
23(#,&'/&4)"#.&#+"'#5"),"'64"7"6!"89#:2#;1+"'";<2#=,1&=2-#1(6
4+%'"#4"(#)"."#!#'%'#17/",)2()&'#4"(),1>%41"(&'#'">,&#&+#'&,#
?%72("# !# '%# &'),%4)%,2-# ("# +"=,@# 0&,# &')2# .17&('1@(# 4"(#
4+2,1.2.#!#/",#&++"#4"('1.&,@#2#2+=%("'#'&,&'#?%72("'#,&76
/+2A2>+&'-#&()&'#1('),%7&()2+1A2>+&'-#!#&0&()%2+7&()&-#'24,16
;142>+&'#/",#/2,)&#.&#"),"'9

!"#$%&'()B#+2#1(4"7%(142>1+1.2.#1(4"7/2,2>+&#4"+"42#+2#>2'&#
/2,2#&()&(.&,#$%&#&+#'&,#$%&#'"!#'&#7%&'),2#&(#+2#&C/&,1&(412#
4"7"#%(#&()&#4"(#%(#'&,#!#%(#02+",#1(4"(.141"(2."-#2>'"6
+%)"9#*')"#("#'1=(1;142#$%&#&+#'&,#$%&#'"!#'&2#1.D()14"#4"(#&+#
'&,#.&#+2#.101(1.2.9#:"#$%&#$%&,&7"'#.&41,#&'#$%&-#'1(#.&E2,#
(%&'),2#4"(.141@(#.&#&()&'#4"()1(=&()&'-#/"'&&7"'#%(#)1/"#
.&#4"()1(=&(412#/&4%+12,#!2#$%&#42.2#&()&#4"(#1.&()1.2.#/&,6
'"(2+-#&C1')&#-+.+$!#$1*$2"&%($&*$3,#-+9#F,&41'&7"'#%(#/"4"#&')"B#
&(#'&()1."#&'),14)"-#)"."#&()&#&'#3,#-+#&##%%&4&'#)*&9#G1(#&7>2,6
="-#&+#&()&#/&,'"(2+#$%&#'"!#'&#&C/&,17&()2#2.&7H'#4"7"#%(#
(*5"#&,$#,!"!'#'"#)*&#2+#7"7&()"#.&#,&2+1A2,#.&'.&#+2#'"+&.2.#
.&#'%#1()171.2.#7H'#/,";%(.2-#24)"'#+1>,&'#I(2.1&#("'#/%&.&#
,&7/+2A2,#2+#&+&=1,J9#*')2#1('%')1)%1>1+1.2.#("#&'#7&,27&()&#
/'14"+@=142#'1("#/,"/127&()&#@()1429

*+,-+*!*B#+2#42/)241@(#.&+#7%(."#&'#&(#/2,)&#+2#42/)241@(#.&#
&()&'#$%&#02+&(#4"7"#1('),%7&()"'-#&(#;%(41@(#.&#41&,)2'#)26
,&2'#2E&(2'#2#'<#71'7"'9#:2#42/)241@(#.&+#/,"/1"#!"#("#,&01')&#
&')2#42,24)&,<')1429#K+#4"(),2,1"-#&+#5!"8#'&#&C/&,17&()2#4"7"#
%(#'%E&)"#4"(#.1=(1.2.9#5L1=(1.2.8#&'#+2#),2.%441@(#+2)1(2#.&+#
=,1&="#52C1"7289#:"'#2C1"72'#'"(#+2'#,&2+1.2.&'#.1=(2'#.&#'&,#
4,&<.2'-# &')172.2'# "# 02+",2.2'# /,&41'27&()&# 4"7"# /,1(416
/1"'9#L&#&')&#7"."-#&(#'%#'&()1."#7H'#",1=1(2,1"-#+2#.1=(1.2.#
&'#%(#02+",#$%&#'@+"#'&#/%&.&#/,&.142,#.&#2$%&++"#$%&#("#02+&#
/",#"),"-#'1("#$%&#02+&#/",#'<-#&'#.&41,-#.&#2$%&++"#$%&#="A2#
2%)D()1427&()&#.&#+2#4"(.141@(#.&#ÀQ!#("#.&#.&%+$.&0#+/$M"6
7H'#.&#K$%1("-#&(#&')&#'&()1."-#.&4<2#50#5,#'(!$&!'$0&$()!+*"'&$

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !""
 !"#$"%&'(!"#$%&'%$"$#()**+,-)'$+#"#!)#./+#,+#"0%*1"#$+#1"'+*"#
"2,)!/3"#4)*()(+,*$56#$5#76#.5#86#"5#86#"$#9:5#;)*#+!!)6#+!#,+*#./+#
,)<#-/+$+#,+*#$+0%'%$)#()1)#=-./0%$1%"%(/20/2",$1$,(!"%$"*#$1(1!(
!"3*"$1$,4(/,2$"*,*$,>6?@#!"#A%-B,3",%,#./+#,+#$%,3%'&/+#-)*#/'"#
-*)-%+$"$#-+*3+'+(%+'3+#"#!"#$%&'%$"$5#

!"#$%#&%'(') *#) *+) ,%,%-C# +!# ,+*# ./+# ,)<# ')# ()1%+'D"# "# ,+*#
()'#+!#$"*1+#(/+'3"#$+#1%#,+*5#E!#()'3*"*%)6#!"#()'(%+'(%"#
./+#3+'&)#$+#1F#+,#()'(%+'(%"#$+#/'#,+*#./+#()'3%'/"1+'3+#
,%5(#G,3)#')#,+#$+2+#"#./+#1%#()'(%+'(%"#,+"#()'3%'/"#,%')#"#
./+#!"#*+"!%$"$#./+#3+,3%0%("#1%#()'(%+'(%"#+,#!"#$+#/'#,+*#./+#
,+#1"'3%+'+#,%+'$)5#;*+(%,"1+'3+#+,3)#+H-!%("#./+#')#A"<"#
/'"#$%,)!/(%B'#$+#!)#./+#%0.#$/*"'3+#+!#,/+I)6#!"#"'+,3+,%"6#)#
"J'#+'#+!#(",)#$+#/'"#%1-)*3"'3+#-K*$%$"#-"*(%"!#)#3)3"!#$+#
!"#1+1)*%"5#L%'#+12"*&)6#M+,3)#./%+*+#$+(%*#./+#+!#,+*#./+#
,)<# +,# /'"# *+"!%$"$# %'1/3"2!+# ./+# "()1-"I"# !"# $%1+',%B'#
$%'N1%("#$+#1%#O%$"P#Q+#-"*+(+#./+#+,3+#3%-)#$+#"0%*1"(%B'#
+,#,/1"1+'3+#%1-*+(%,"5#R),#)*&"'%,1),#O%O),#<#()'(%+'3+,#
./+#$+')1%'"1),#,+*+,#A/1"'),#,)'#O+*$"$+*),#+'3+,#,/,S
3"'(%"!+,#,%#,/#+,+'(%"#')#+,#"!&)#+,3N3%()#,%')#-*+(%,"1+'3+#
,+#()1-*+'$+#()1)#60(78,(("12%"#"!#1)1+'3)#$+!#("12%)5#
MT/K# ./+*+1),# $+(%*# ()'# +,3)P# T/+# +,# -*+(%,)# *+(/-+*"*#
/'"# $+# !",# ')(%)'+,# $+# +,+'(%"# ./+#E*%,3B3+!+,# "(/IB6# ./+#
U)1N,# $+#E./%')# *+-%3%B6# <# ./+# +'# )(",%)'+,# $+,()'(%+*3"#
-)*# ,/# "-"*+'3+# ),(/*%$"$C# !"# +,+'(%"# +,# $0( $"( ,*( ,"*1"6# 780!(
78"!(,21$(,%%,6#178,660(78,(,21(%,25#R)#./+#-"*+(+#./+*+*#*+()S

13 Algunos piensan que esta definición proviene de Alano de Lila también conocido
DPNP
"MBOP
EF
*OTVMJT
p


VOP
EF
MPT
HSBOEFT
QFOTBEPSFT
EFM
TJHMP
9**
RVJFO
SF-
cibió una importante influencia platónica. Por ejemplo, esta es la opinión de los tra-
ductores de la Summa Theologicae EF
5PNÈT
EF
"RVJOP
FEJUBEB
FO
#"$
.BJPS
.BESJE



RVJFOFT
FO
*
R

B

BE

DPMPDBO
VOB
SFGFSFODJB
B
FTUF
SFTQFDUP
/PTPUSPT
BM

DPOTVMUBSMB
IFNPT
WJTUP
RVF
OP
TF
VTB
MJUFSBMNFOUF
FTUB
EFGJOJDJØO
DG
%F
*OTVMJT
1-


 

&M
IFDIP
FT
RVF
QPS
FKFNQMP
5PNÈT
EF
"RVJOP
VUJMJ[B
FTUB
EFGJOJDJØO
FO
VO

número no despreciable de lugares: In I Sent., E

B

BH

*CJEFN
E

B

BH


*CJEFN
E

R

B

TD

Sum. Theol, *
R

B

SB

*CJEFN
*
R

B

BH

*CJEFN

***
R

B

DP
De Pot., R

B

BH

*CJEFN
R

B

SB

*CJEFN
R

B

BH

Contra
errores graecorum, I, cap. 2.

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

 !"#$"%"&%"$'(%&)*+,&%"$%-(%+."(%."%/0"%!"#$!%#&'#$()*1%/0"%"-%$"#%
"$%+%',('$#'#$-#.'$')*%/-!#$!#&',!#.%!$!01!1%/0"%-)%2#)2+)%."%-(%
"$"&*+(%"$%-(%.!%2'0!0,('#"&%"-%$"#%"&%3".+)%."%-)$%*(34+)$5%
6+%"$')%"$%*+"#')%#"$2"*')%."%').)%"&'"1%(./0+"#"%0&%$"&'+7
.)%$03(3"&'"%2(#'+*0-(#%"&%"-%*($)%803(&)5%9-%$"#%803(&)%
*)&*#"')1%-(%2"#$)&(1%!$#2!2*%('#)!#$!%%2)#%"-%3"#)%8"*8)%."%
$"#%,*01(0-'2!01!3#9$')%/0+"#"%."*+#%/0"#!$%$(0#%-.1-%'%#"$2"*')%
."%$0%2($(.)1%!$%-)%/0"%&'#4!0()*#$(!0)*5#!$#-)%/0"%"-%$"#%#"*)!"%
(-% 3)3"&')% ."% .!%2'0!,!%# $(!0)*1% :% "$'"%;2"#3(&"*"#% $+"&7
.)<1%(-%$"#%*(2(=%>2)'"&*+(%(*'+?(@%."%*)&*+"&*+(%:%."%-+4"#'(.%
(%'#(?A$%."-%'+"32)1%20"."%$"#%#"*)&)*+.)%*)3)%?"#.(."#(%
(0)(4()-'"($# $-6$1'01('# %'1(*0'"($# 0'1-%'!5% $0$'(&*+(% +&.+?+.0(-%
."% &('0#(-"=(% #(*+)&(-% >*B5% C)"*+)1% DE% FGH% IJKJL@1% ."$."%
"-%3)3"&')%."%-(%*)&*"2*+,&%8($'(%-(%30"#'"%>*B5%M+!!+&$1%
INOG@5%L"%"$'(%3(&"#(%-(%*-P$+*(%&)*+,&%."%2"#$)&(%&0&*(%8(%
."% $"#% +&'"#2#"'(.(% *)3)% -(% ."B+&+*+,&% ."% 0&% "&'"% "$'P'+*)%
$+&)%*)3)%-(%."B+&+*+,&%."%0&%$0Q"')%*)&$'+'0'+?(3"&'"%.+&P7
3+*)5%6+%"-%*(34+)%(**+."&'(-%B0"#(%*(34+)%."%-)$%(**+."&'"$1%
"&')&*"$%$R1%-(%$0$'(&*+(%$"#R(%0&(%#"(-+.(.%+&30'(4-"5%D"#)%"-%
*(34+)%(**+."&'(-%."%').)%"&'"1%:%"&%2(#'+*0-(#%."-%$"#%/0"%
$)3)$1%"$%$+"32#"%*(34+)%."%-(%$0$'(&*+(%>/0"%$"%3).+B+*(%
(**+."&'(-3"&'"@5%L+*8)%."%)'#)%3).)1%&)%').)%*(34+)%."%
-(%$0$'(&*+(%"$%$-$1'0,('"%:(%/0"%-)$%(**+."&'"$%$)&%?"#.(."#)$%
3).)$%."%-(%$0$'(&*+(5

ST,3)%2)."3)$%#"*)&)*"#%"$')%/0"%(/0R%."*+3)$U%9&%&0"$'#)%-"&7
!0(Q"%)#.+&(#+)%&)%2).#R(3)$%"&'"&."#&)$%$+%&)%20.+A#(3)$%#"(-+=(#%
0&(%(0'A&'+*(%#"B"#"&*+(%)4Q"'+?(%(%-)$%"&'"$%/0"%3"&'(3)$%."%(*0"#7
.)%(%$0%2"*0-+(#+.(.1%(%$0%3).)%."%$"#%$0$'(&*+($5%L"%"$'"%3).)1%$)7
3)$%."%-(%)2+&+,&%."%/0"%2)."3)$%#"(-+=(#%?"#.(."#)$%Q0+*+)$%$)4#"%
-(%+."&'+.(.%."%&0"$'#)%2#,Q+3)%(%'#(?A$%'(&')%."%$0$%&)34#"$%2#)2+)$%
*)3)%."-%#"*)&)*+3+"&')%."%2#)2+".(."$%"$"&*+(-"$%/0"%2"#'"&"=*(&%
*)&%&"*"$+.(.%(%$0$%2)$"".)#"$%(%'#(?A$%."%;."$+!&(.)#"$%#R!+.)$<1%"$%
."*+#1%."%'A#3+&)$%/0"%2)$"(&%$+"32#"%-(%3+$3(%#"B"#"&*+(%"&%*0(-7
/0+"#%30&.)%2)$+4-"%>*B5%V#+2W"1%XGGY@5%ZP$%([&1%$+%-(%"$"&*+(%."%-)$%
"&'"$%&)%"$%(/0"--)%+&30'(4-"%(%'#(?A$%."%-)$%*(34+)$%$+&)%(/0"--)%

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"#$!"#$%&'#$()#*#+(),"-(.(#$%(-&'#"#/)"01$#&(2#.",3%'4##%&'%(#)$#)$*')+,-#$
)')&#%#.$!"#$"%$)#.$*')##$+/#%&+/0/$*#.)'%0-$1.0(+0)$0$-0$.'-/%-5%&"&$
/#$)"$2+/03$
40$2+/0$#)$#-$)#.$/#$-'$2+2'3$5#.$6$2+2+.$)#$+/#%&+7+(0%$#%$#-$2+2+#%&#3$
40$2+/0$/#-$#8,.+9%:$/#-$,#,;:$/#-$%+<':$/#-$0/"-&'$6$/#-$0%(+0%'$#)$
"%0$ 2+/0$ ('%&+%"03$ 40)$ *.'*+#/0/#)$ #8#.1#%&#)$ !"#$ #%$ 0-1=%$ 8'>
8#%&'$0*0.#(#%$/#%&.'$/#$#)&#$*.'(#)':$('8'$)'%$-0)$.#-0&+20)$0$-0$
('%(+#%(+0$6$0$-0$-+,#.&0/$%'$('%&.0/+(#%$#)&#$0)#.&'3$?-$('%&.0.+':$
-'$)"*'%#%:$60$!"#$-0$('%(+#%(+0$6$-0$-+,#.&0/$)'%$*.'*+#/0/#)$/#$"%$
(+#.&'$ &+*'$ /#$ )#.#)$ 2+2')$ !"#$ *.#(+)08#%&#$ 2+2#%$ /#$ 80%#.0$ ('%>
&+%"0$ 0=%$ ("0%/'$ #)&0)$ *.'*+#/0/#)$ (#)#%$ *0.(+0-$ '$ &'&0-8#%&#3$ 40$
('%&+%"+/0/$#%$#-$2+2+.$8"#)&.0$('%$1.0%$#-'("#%(+0$!"#$-0$+/#%&+/0/$
*#.)'%0-$ #)$ "%0$ .#0-+/0/$ )")&0%(+0-$ /+0(.9%+(03$ @"#)&.'$ )#.>0-1"+#%$
)#$('%&+%=0$#%$#-$&+#8*'$6$1.0/"0-8#%&#$)#$80%+7+#)&0$("0%/'$)#$-#$
*#.8+&#$--#10.$0$&;.8+%'3
40$ 80%+7#)&0(+9%$ 7A(&+(0$ /#$ -')$ B"80%'$ *.#)"*'%#$ -'$ B"80%'3$
C'.$#--'$)'8')$/#$-0$'*+%+9%$/#$!"#$#)$0,)'-"&08#%&#$+8*')+,-#$)')>
&#%#.$!"#$$()6"27'#*"#/0$/#2#%+.$#%$"%$$()#"275%(-8#59-'$"%0$)")&0%(+0$
!"#$ /#)/#$ )"$ '.+1#%$ *')##$ +/#%&+/0/$ *#.)'%0-$ *"#/#$ 80%+7#)&0.)#$
('8'$&0-$0$&.02;)$/#-$&+#8*'3

,D$40$#E*#.+#%(+0$/#$-')$F'&.')$('8'$6'G

40$#E*#.+#%(+0$!"#$#-$B'8,.#$&+#%#$/#$)H$%'$#)$"%$/0&'$0(0,0/'$/#$
"%0$2#I$*'.$&'/0)3$?-$('%&.0.+':$#)&0$#E*#.+#%(+0$)#$20$#%.+!"#(+#%/'$
('%$ (0/0$ *#%)08+#%&'$ 6$ ('%$ (0/0$ /#(+)+9%3$ J"6$ *0.&+("-0.8#%&#:$
#)&0$#E*#.+#%(+0$'$('%(+#%(+0$/#$)H$)#$#%.+!"#(#$('%$-')$F'&.')>('8'>
6'G3$K)&'$%'$,")(0$07+.80.$!"#$-0$#E*#.+#%(+0$')%7%-")%"$/#-$B'8,.#$
)#0$/0/0$*'.$'&.'$/+2#.)'$0$8H$8+)8'3$4'$!"#$/#)#08')$)')&#%#.$#)$
!"#$-0$#E*#.+#%(+0$!"#$*.'2##$-0$*.#)#%(+0$/#-$F6'G$0$8H$8+)8'$%'$
#)$0,)'-"&08#%&#$B#&#.'1;%#0$.#)*#(&'$/#$-0$#E*#.+#%(+0$!"#$F'&.')>
('8'>6'G$ 8#$ *.'2##%3$L0%&'$ -0$ /+)&+%(+9%$ 6$ -0$ /+2#.)+/0/$ ('8'$ -0$
"%+/0/$('%$-')$F'&.')>('8'>6'G$('-0,'.0$/#$/+2#.)')$8'/')$0$('%)>
&."+.$+%&#.)",M#&+208#%&#$-0$#E*#.+#%(+0$!"#$*')#'$/#$8H$8+)8'#6$
!"#$/#$80%#.0$'.+1+%0.+0$%'$&+#%#$'&.0$7"#%&#$8A)$!"#$6'$8+)8'3$

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

 !"#$%&'()*+,'&$(#'-.-*/0&$(1*)*(-&2#)(3.&(0*(&"1&)#&'2#*(-&0(45,6(
5(0*(&"1&)#&'2#*(-&(0,$(4,%),$72,8,75,6($,'(#'2,'8&'$.)*/0&$9(:#'(
&8/*);,<(&$(#81,$#/0&('&;*)(.'*(2#&)%*(#-&'%#-*-(2.*0#%*%#=*(-&(*87
/*$9(!0(45,6(3.&($&(1&)2#/&(*($><(!"#$%&'!($&(1&)2#/&($#&'-,(0,(3.&(&$(
;)*2#*$(*0(&'2.&'%),(2,'(&0(4,%),(2,8,(?069@A(B,(1,-&8,$(-&$*)),00*)(
&'(&$%&(8,8&'%,(%,-*(.'*(%&,)>*(-&0(2,',2#8#&'%,(-&0(,%),9(C*$%&(
-&2#)(3.&(%,-*(0*(&"1&)#&'2#*(3.&(1,$&,(-&0(D,8/)&(3.&(5,($,5(5(-&(
0,$(D,8/)&$(3.&($,'(0,$(4,%),$72,8,75,6(%#&'&(.'(2*)E2%&)($&'$#/0&(
&(#'%&0&2%.*0(*(0*(=&+9(F)*2#*$(*(&00,<(1.&-,(-#$%#';.#)(&0(-*)$&(-&(0,$(
4,%),$(2,8,(5,6(-&0(4-*)$&(-&(0,$(&'%&$(',71&)$,'*0&$6<(-&0(4-*)$&(-&(
0*$(2,$*$69(
!'(&G&2%,<(&0(&'%&(,/H&%#=,(8E$(,/H&%#=,(&$(&0(3.&(8E$(8.&$%)*($.(
*.%,-*%#-*-<(&0(3.&($&(&'%)&;*(*0(5,(-&(8*'&)*(8E$(10&'*(&(#'%&0#;#/0&9(
I&$-&(&$%&(1.'%,(-&(=#$%*<(&0(45,(-&0(,%),6(;)*2#*$(*($.(#'%&0#;&'2#*(5(
*($.(=,0.'%*-<(;)*2#*$(*($.(0&';.*H&(5(*($.(0#/&)%*-<(&$(8E$(4-*%,6(3.&(
.'*(1#&-)*<(.'*(10*'%*(,(.'(*'#8*09(J,)(&00,<(2,'$#-&)*8,$(3.&(1)&2#7
$*8&'%&(&0(&'%&(8E$(,/H&%#=,<(&$(1)&2#$*8&'%&(*3.&0(3.&(&$($./H&%#=,<(
&$(-&2#)<(3.&(1,)($.($./H&%#=#-*-(1.&-&(%&'&)(=&)-*-&),(;,/#&)',(-&(
$.(4-*)$&6(5(&'($.(4-*)$&69(K*(0#/&)%*-<(5(&'(1*)%#2.0*)<(0*(0#/)&(&'%)&;*(
-&($>(&'(&0(*8,)<(',(&$(.'(8,-,(-&(-*)$&(3.&($&(&'2.&'%)&(&'(.'*(
0>'&*(2,'%#'.*(5(D,8,;?'&*()&$1&2%,(-&0(4-*)$&6(-&(0,$(,/H&%,$(',7
1&)$,'*0&$9(J,)(&00,(1,-&8,$(*G#)8*)<(*.'3.&($&*(/)&=&8&'%&<(3.&(
*(%)*=?$(-&(0*(0#/&)%*-<(3.&(&$(.'(8,-,(-&(-*)$&(#))&-.2%#/0&(*0(-*)$&(
-&(0*$(2,$*$<(0*(1&)$,'*(3.&(&$%E(#810#2*-*(&'(&00*<(%*8/#?'(&$(.'($&)(
#))&-.2%#/0&(*0($&)(-&(0*$(2,$*$9
LD,)*(/#&'<(-&0(45,(-&0(,%),6(1.&-,(&$%*)(2#&)%,(3.&(&$(.'(45,6(
',(1,)3.&(%&';*(*22&$,(1)#=#0&;#*-,(5(%,%*08&'%&(%)*'$1*)&'%&(*($.(
$./H&%#=#-*-( #'2,8.'#2*/0&<( $#',( 1,)3.&( 1.&-,( -&$2./)#)( 2,'( &=#7
-&'2#*(0*(-,'*%#=#-*-(1),1#*(-&0($&)(1&)$,'*0(&'(?09(I,'*%#=#-*-(3.&(
5,(=#=,(-&$-&(-&'%),(/*H,(.'*(8,-*0#-*-(M'#2*(5(3.&(1.&-,()&2,',7
2&)(%*8/#?'(2.*'-,(0*()&*0#+*'(,%),$72,8,75,9(N*$,$(#81,)%*'%&$(-&(
&$%&(4-*)8&(2.&'%*6(-&0(,%),(2,8,(4,%),(5,6($,'(0,$()&0*%#=,$(*(2.*07

14 Buena parte de la filosofía contemporánea de la intersubjetividad ha meditado so-

bre la importancia que posee el conocimiento del otro para la depuración y maduración
EFM
DPOPDJNJFOUP
EFM
QSPQJP
jZPx
7PMWFSFNPT
B
FTUB
UFNÈUJDB
VO
QPDP
NÈT
BEFMBOUF

$G
#VCFS

-FWJOBT

Z
&COFS



Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"#$%&'()*&+#,-.#/)#(*&01$%2'+&*&,*&1$%2'+34&5'6*&$/)$&%"2%*&7*8$9*/&
(*,/#8$%'%&!"$&$+&/$%&:"9',*&9',#;#$/)'&/"26$)#1#8'8&'&)%'1</&8$&+'&
8#9$,/#=,&+#,-.>/)#('&8$&/"&("$%7*?&$,&$/7$(#'+?&7*%&9$8#*&8$+&%*/)%*&
!"$&;",-$&(*9*&1$%8'8$%'&$7#;',>'&/#-,#;#(')#1'&8$&+'&7$%/*,'&(*9*&
7$%/*,'4&@#,'+9$,)$?&,*&7*8$9*/&,$-'%&!"$&$A#/)$&'8$9B/&",&9*8*&
8$&(*,*($%&8$&9',$%'&,*&*%#-#,'%#'&'+-",*/&$/)'8*/&/"26$)#1*/&8$+&
*)%*&7*%&1>'&8$&'()*/&8$&$97')>'4&C'&$97')>'&7*/#2#+#)'&!"$&$,&(#$%)*&
-%'8*&$+&*)%*&9$&/$'&'(($/#2+$4
D,&)*8*/&$/)*/&('/*/&/#$97%$&$A#/)$&+'&7*/#2#+#8'8&8$&$%%'%4&E$,/$F
9*/&$,&",&:#7*)<)#(*&',8%*#8$&!"$&$9"+$&)*)'+9$,)$&+'&'7'%#$,(#'&G&
+'&(*,8"()'&:"9','4&HI=9*&7*8%$9*/&/'2$%&/#&7*/$$&'")<,)#('9$,F
)$&(*,(#$,(#'&*&/#&/=+*&+'&'7'%$,)'J&HK$%B&#%%$+$1',)$&+'&7%$-",)'&7*%&
+'&7$%;$((#=,&8$&+'&/#9"+'(#=,&+*-%'8'J
D1#8$,)$9$,)$&'+-"#$,&7*8%B&';#%9'%&%$)=%#('9$,)$&!"$&+'&7%$F
-",)'&$/&#%%$+$1',)$4&K#,&$92'%-*?&$,&("',)*&$+&',8%*#8$&%$'+#($&'(F
)*/&!"$&#97+#!"$,&%$/7*,/'2#+#8'8?&,*&/$%B&#%%$+$1',)$&7%$-",)'%/$&'&
!"#<,&(*%%$/7*,8$&#97")'%+*/4&LB/&'M,?&+'&$/$,(#'&8$&+'&(*,(#$,(#'&
:"9','&$A(+"G$&$+&!"$&$/)'&/$&#8$,)#;#!"$&",>1*('9$,)$&(*,&",&/#/F
)$9'&9')$%#'+&(*97+$6*4&D,&$;$()*?&$/&#97*/#2+$&!"$&",'&('7'(#8'8&
-%'(#'/& '& +'& ("'+& $+& /$%& :"9',*& /$& (*+*('& 7*%& $,(#9'& 8$& +'/& +$G$/&
8$)$%9#,#/)'/&8$+&9",8*&0'+&$,)$,8$%+'/?&'+&")#+#N'%+'/?&'+&'7+#('%+'/&
$,&,"$1*/&*26$)*/3&/$&#8$,)#;#!"$&(*,&$++'/&*&$1$,)"'+9$,)$&/$&/*F
9$)'&'&$++'/4&O*&$/&$/)$&$+&+"-'%&7'%'&8$/'%%*++'%&9B/&'%-"9$,)*/&'&
$/)$&%$/7$()*&0(;4&K$#;$%)?&PQRQ34&D/&/";#(#$,)$&/$S'+'%&!"$&$+&TG*&8$+&
*)%*U&,*&$/&",&9#/)$%#*&)*)'+9$,)$&#,'(($/#2+$4&V/>&(*9*&$+&'7'%$($%&
%$1$+'&$+&/$%&$,&'+-M,&-%'8*?&G&+*/&'((#8$,)$/&,*&7"$8$,&/#,*&',",(#'%&&
+'&$A#/)$,(#'&8$&+'&/"/)',(#'&'",!"$&6'9B/&8$1$+'%+'&7*%&(*97+$)*?&+'&
/"26$)#1#8'8&8$&,"$/)%*&7%=6#9*&/$&9"$/)%'&8$&9',$%'/&!"$&/*,&%$F
(*,*(#2+$/&7*%&7'%)$&,"$/)%'4

!"#$%$"%&"'$(')*+,-(

O"$/)%'/&%$;+$A#*,$/&/*2%$&+'&#8$,)#8'8&7$%/*,'+&,*/&7$%9#)$,&8$/("F
2%#%&!"$&+'&7$%/*,'&$/&",'&%$'+#8'8&*,)*+=-#('&',)$/&!"$&",'&%$'+#8'8&
<)#('?&6"%>8#('?&("+)"%'+?&$)(4

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

 !"#$%&'()*+#(",-.$)"+"#+%$#/.0"#)+$"-)$1.(2%$#"#("'$"#/.&#/'"&)$3%#
4'.#+%#&%5,"#.67&)(",#3)#8)8.+()"#'+)-",)"#/.&#9%#(%3%#,."&)/"/#7$):
(%1;$)("<# !"# -,"/)()*+# .37),)$-"# 4'.# 8"# /.# !%(=.# "# >",1)-# +%$# 7",.(.#
(%+-,"1?(-)("@#.$#/.(),@#(%+-,",)"#"&#2.(2%#/.#4'.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#(%+().+-.#
$'7%+.#$).37,.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#*+-)("#/.&#!"#$%&'()"*+,.$#/.(),@#/.#'+#.+-.#4'.#
.$@#%#3.0%,#"A+@#4'.#"!-.# !)"*/0#.+#.&#-).37%<#!%$#3'9#)37%,-"+-.$#
"+?&)$)$#/.#B)(%.',#$%C,.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#(%&%("+#.&#"(.+-%#.+#'+#"$7.(:
-%#$'3"3.+-.#,.&.8"+-.#7.,%#4'.#,.4').,.#/.#.67&%,"()%+.$#(%37&.:
3.+-",)"$<#D.+5%#&"#)37,.$)*+#4'.#&"#$%&'()*+#/.#.$-.#7.+$"/%,#1,"+(E$#
%1,.(.#'+"#1'+/"3.+-"()*+#7',"3.+-.#E-)("#/.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#7.,$%+"&<#
F+#%-,"$#7"&"C,"$@#&"#)/"*-)/%/,*%##%-)1%,7",.(.#$*&%#"7&)("C&.#"#"4'.&&%$#
4'.#$%+#,.$7%+$"C&.$#/.#$'$#"(()%+.$@#"4'.&&%$#4'.#7%$..+#'+#(",?(-.,#
3%,"&@#"4'.&&%$#4'.#$%+#1).&.$#"#$;#3)$3%$@#.-(<#G).+-,"$#4'.#&%$#4'.#
+%#5%H"+#/.#("C"&#,.$7%+$"C)&)/"/@#7%,#.0.37&%@#&%$#+)I%$#7.4'.I%$@#
&%$#.+1.,3%$#5,"8.$#%#4').+.$#-).+.+#"&5A+#-,"$-%,+%#)37%,-"+-.#/.#
7.,$%+"&)/"/@#.6)5.+#$.,#,.(%+%()/%$#(%3%#$'0.-%$#(%+#)/.+-)/"/#7.,:
$%+"&@#"A+#('"+/%#$'#*%##%-)1)/%/,$."#/.1)().+-.#%#+'&"<#
J$;#&"$#(%$"$@#3.#7",.(.#4'.#&"#/)$('$)*+#$%C,.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#7.,:
$%+"&#.$#7,)3",)"3.+-.#'+"#/)$('$)*+#%+-%&*5)("<#K+"#1'+/"3.+-":
()*+#%+-%&*5)("#/.#&"#7.,$%+"#.+#('"+-%#7.,$%+"#.$#&"#4'.#7.,3)-.#
.8.+-'"&3.+-.#,.$7%+/.,#"#&%$#3)$-.,)%$#,"/)("&.$#/.#&"#)/.+-)/"/#9#
&"#4'.#7.,3)-.#.67&%,",#.&#7"7.&#4'.#0'.5"+#%-,%$#.&.3.+-%$#)/.+-):
-",)%$#4'.#$%+#(%3%#/)3.+$)%+.$#/.&#$.,#7.,$%+"&#L)/.+-)/"/#$.6'"&@#
E-+)("@# ('&-',"&@# .-(<M<# N'.# .$-%# .$# ,.&.8"+-.# +%# $*&%# -.*,)("# $)+%#
7,?(-)("3.+-.#$.#.8)/.+()"#('"+/%#3),"3%$#&"$#3A&-)7&.$#1%,3"$#/.#
.6(&'$)*+#4'.#2%9#7,.8"&.(.+#.+#+'.$-,"$#$%()./"/.$<#!"#.6(&'$)*+#
.+# -%/"$# $'$# 3%/"&)/"/.$# 7,)8)&.5)"# $).37,.# '+# ().,-%# (,)-.,)%# "(:
-'"&)$-"@#'+"#().,-"#.1)().+()"@#7","#3./),#"#&"#7.,$%+"#(%3%#7.,$%+"<#
F$-.#7.,8.,$%#(,)-.,)%#-.,3)+"#7,)8)&.5)"+/%#"#'+%$#9#"7&"$-"+/%#"#
%-,%$<#>%,#.&&%#$%3%$#/.#&"#%7)+)*+#/.#4'.#'+"#E-)("#4'.#,.$7%+/"#
8.,/"/.,"3.+-.#"#.$-"$#/%&%,%$"$#$)-'"()%+.$@#$'7%+/,?#$).37,.#.&#
.$(&",.()3).+-%#%+-%&*5)(%#/.,&"#)/.+-)/"/#7.,$%+"&#(%3%#2)!2)/%/+,
.$#/.(),@#$'7%+/,?#.67&%,",#(*3%#8)8.#&"#7.,$%+"#$'#$.,#$'$-"+()"#9#
(*3%#.$-%#+%#$.#.+('.+-,"#.$()+/)/%#$)+%#4'.#"C,"H"#9#"(%5.#$'#/.$":
,,%&&%#7$)(%&*5)(%@#E-)(%#.#2)$-*,)(%#/.$/.#$'#(%3).+H%#3?$#3%/.$-%#
.+#.&#3%3.+-%#/.#&"#1.('+/"()*+#2"$-"#$'#3'.,-.<

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"#
!"!#"$%&'()'
!"#$%&%'('$!"#$$%!"!"#$%&'()$&"'()*!"+,"-).'!"/0"1!"2)(-3)"405()!"6)*(7*8"2(0*9.!
!"#$%&%'('$)*+,-.)**+,()-'./"0/*1$#$2-'/2"/3+4()$/5./'()*!"),"-).'!"/0"6!":);*0,!"6)*(7*8"
2(0*9.!
/'*!01#234*<9=>.)*#$?@!"67$"'#(-0"'/8(',7#$#$"/8"/9"1(#$#":/A9=)8"6)((0'7!
/'*!01#234*<9=>.!"#$%B!";7,"1/5/<2/=-1./0;"A!CD.)&"0*!&";:/*>-?$"/<@7(0$#('/A,"1$/A?0($/
7#/'70#/(0/(02()"/#-?&'#()-:"E'D''F)('GC)*":);;.');*'8"H(9==);IJ9,K599F!
/'*5#632!4*+FD.'3;)*LBBB!"3$/=(72$2/2"/8(-'&"0;"AB1$'/=-?,C"#$'/2"/;$0/<47'#&0!"19,!"
M1N!"6)*(7*8/C+:!
/'*5#632!4*+FD.'3;!"#$%L!"3$/*1(0(2$2.0;"AB1$'/2"/;$0/<47'#&0!"6)*(7*8"C+:"!"
73'8#3!"#%?B!"3(B"1/2"/,"1'-0$/"#/27$B7'/0$#71('/"#/70$/,"1'-0$/=>1('#(./0;"D$#1-C-4($/3$#(0$:/
O)(7.8"67F;0!
717'"&"6)('7;!#$$P!!"E-/F/#G."'(*!":!"/3)K!"6)*(7*8":)Q)((R.!
71%%#9(#32'&" A9--9!" #$$%!" 5C/ ,"0'("1-/ 2"CCH7-?-/ )>"/ 2(I"00"/ J(-I$00(/ D$-C-/ 55:/ 67,);98"
69;*)*9(7!
8!2!($*:#/!(&"H();-7.-9!"#$%S!";-B1"/C$/"'"0)($/2"C/)-0-)(?("0#-:/C)(-0,9;)8"OOT!
/'$8!"%'$&"A0;U!"#$$@!"8(')71'-/2"C/?K#-2-./'(*!"A!"H(9;*7K7!"6)*(7*8"+,7);K)!
/'*#2$1(#$4*+,);D.)*+-;;)**>"-C-4()$"/1"47C$"./0;"D$#1-C-4($/3$#(0$:/O)(3.8"67F;0!
'72'"&" H0(*7;);*!" #$$V!" 3$/ ,$C$B1$/ F/ C$'/ 1"$C(2$2"'/ "',(1(#7$C"'./ '(*!" W!" 6!" 2)((7*9!"
6)*(7*8":)Q)((R.!
<3"='2%&"XD*),*9!"#$$L!"3"))(-0"'/2"/!"#$%&'()$:/6)*(7*8"A7),Q!
<"'9'&" 29'',95!" #$S@!" L')1(#-'/ C+4()-M'"?N0#()-'./ '(*!" :!" A!" YD7." Z" :!" 2)(-3)" O0(0*)!"
6)*(7*8"<U-;9.!"
9!"8>!*(&6'?&"W0.[.!"LBB#!"!"#$%&'()$/#-?('#$:/A0#-C-4&$./J0-'"-C-4&$/F/*"-C-4&$/0$#71$C:/
O)=Q,9;)8"XD;.)!
91'""!*(&6'?&"A9*(7F9!"LBBL!"9ROYHUDODSHUVRQD(OPpWRGRÀORVyÀFRGH.DURO:RMW\OD
6)*(7*8":)Q)((R.!
5'9'(&" 209(F"\!" #$?%!" =("0)($/ 2"/ C$/ 3+4()$&" '(*!"+!" Z" A!" 69;*9,]9&" C.!+.8" E9,)(G
J)-^0''0!
5'9'(&"209(F"\!"#$%#!"/HFFLRQHVVREUHODKLVWRULDGHODÀORVRItD0*!"Q(0Q)()*)"Q9("X!":!"
H(9.'!"6U_7-98"H:X!
5'#/'99'"&"6)('7;!"#$%%!";"1/F/#("?,-./'(*!"W!"2)9.!"6U_7-98"H:X!
5'#/'99'"&"6)('7;!"#$$B!"52"0#(2$2/F/2(%"1"0)($&"'(*!"J!":9('U."Z"+!"Y0Z'0!"C)(-0,9;)8"
+;'^(9Q9.!

!"# Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ

!"#$!" #$%&'(" )*+,(" !"#$#%&' %(' )#' *#$+"#)(,#' -+.#*#/' -.'(" /(" #0102(" 34(546" 7.8&49
:;4<$=2.&>$(
!"%%$&'!" ?'=0@'(" )*+A(" ,GHDV UHODWLYDV D XQD IHQRPHQRORJtD SXUD \ XQD ÀORVRItD
0(*&.(*&)1234#!"-.'("B("C$D4("EFG&>D6"/H?(
()*+!"I=$@02J("KLL,("5"3$34#'%())#'"#23&*'6+"#7'!(8$&'$(%(84&'#'0"&*$(/'-.'("&-("H("?4<D4&-D("
E&J$@D6"3D=<&$@&(
(&,#$&!":$@4(")**A("9)#$1*':')&8'0+*%#.(*$&8'%(')#';($#0<834#7'M.'("5("B("H$<<2JJ2-&";"5("
ND4$J24("H$.$>$46"ED@-2"5%&J$(
(&-.($!"O$0J("KLLP("=)'*&.>"#"':')#'*(4(83%#%/'-.'("E("E("Q$J'F4("EFG&>D6"RS5E(
'/0-*)%!"?=$@02J(")***("7RWDOLGDGHLQÀQLWR-.'("#("?("C0&JJD-("O$J$=$@>$6"OTU02=2("
'$-1*-2!"/.&2'.&>V(")*+)(";&*#%&)&2<#/'-.'("B("Q2J$.'2(7%&2'D6"W2@-$JX$(
'34($!"BDV@("KLLL("=*8#:&'8&>"('()'(*$(*%3.3(*$&'-+.#*&7'EFG&>D6"/H?(
#-''5*6."$''$%!"5@-Y@&D(")*AZ("?#'(8$"+4$+"#'%(')#'8+>@($3A3%#%7'E$'.&'6"N&$J<(
.)&7-+!"#2.2[(")*+P("B(#8&*8'#*%'9("8&*87'7GXD.'6"7GXD.'"R@&%2.4&-;"W.244(
&$)'$!"C&D%$@@&("KLL\("9&"'+*#'*+(A#'3*$("6"($#431*'%('9)#$1*7'M.'("E("WD@4("3$.>2JD@$6"
:2.'2.(
&-43$"&!"W$0J(")**A("C<'.38.&'4&.&'&$"&/'-.'("5("S2&.$("EFG&>D6"O&UJD"]]I"?'&-D.24(
%$-7$&+!"BD42X(")*+*("D#8'?(3>EC(()('9"&>)(.'+*%'%3('2(2(*FG"$32('6-3)&8&6-384-('D38H+883&*7'
#$.=4-$'-6"^&442@4>V$X-J&>V2"30>VU242JJ4>V$X-((
%$-7$&+89BD42X"(")**Z("I-#$'38'?30(J'!-('K"323*#)3$:/'L""(%+43>3)3$:/'#*%'M#)+('&0'?30(/'ND'D<&!"
5=4-2.'$=95-J$@-$(
%$&&$+-!"E$44&=D(")*+,("5&*&84(*,#'%3'8N'('$"#84(*%(*,#7'3DJDU@$6"O$UU&(
%+&3":!"3$..;("KLLP("O+.(7'M.'("5("_&.&Y@("EFG&>D6"RS5E(
;-<<-*%!"#$%&'(")*+L("C#.(*(88'#*%'C+>8$#*4(7'7GXD.'6"3J$>[`2JJ(
;-++<$*%+$-*!" a0'`&U(" )*+Z(" !"#4$#$+8' ?&234&E9-3)&8&6-34+8/' -.'(" ?(" M&2.@D" C$J%b@("
EFG&>D6"5J&$@c$"R@&%2.4&'$'(
;3=+>')!"d$.DJ("KLL)("9("8&*#'('P$$&7'!(8$&'6&)#44&'#'0"&*$(/'$">0.$"'&"C&D%$@@&"N2$J2"2"
M$'204c"O-;>c2@("E&J$@D6"3D=<&$@&(

Open Insight
t
7PMVNFO
*
t
/
EJDJFNCSF


t
QQ
 !"!