21112017QRN0QW7IFinalEIAReport PDF

Environmental Impact Assessment Study
For the Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity without any

Additional or New Infrastructure of the Existing Bulk Drug unit at
SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram
District, Tamil Nadu
Project Proponent
Anjan Drug Private Limited

Plant
Head Office
M/s .Anjan Drug Private Ltd
5th Floor, Nelson Towers, II Wing, 117,
No 237 /1(p), 235(p), 236(p), Plot no:
Nelson Manickam Road, Aminjikarai,
109,110,115&116, Alathur, Thiruporur
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-600029
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu.
November 2017
EConsultant
Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited

Accredited EIA Consulting Organization
Certificate No: NABET/EIA/1 011/011
Parry House, 4th Floor, No:2, NSC Bose Road,
Parrys, Chennai – 600 001
EIA for the Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017718-1315
without any Additional or New Infrastructure of the Existing
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Declaration
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu
Page 2
DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT
This EIA report has been prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited (CMSRSL),
in line with EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006, seeking prior Environmental
Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi.
This work has been undertaken in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management
System with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the
client, incorporating our General Terms & Conditions of Business and taking account of the
resources devoted to it by agreement with the client.
We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the
scope of the above.
Further, this report is confidential to the client and the use of this report by unauthorized third
parties without written authorization from CMSRSL shall be at their own risk.
For and on behalf of Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
Approved by : N V Subba Rao
Sign :
Designation : Chief Executive
Date : 16th November 2017
Page 3
PROJECT DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION
I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA.
Sector as per NABET Scheme 21 Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry

Sector as per EIA Notification 5(f) Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry
EIA Coordinator:
Name: Mr. V S Bhaskar
Signature:
Date: 16th November 2017
Period of Involvement: July 2017 to Till Date
Contact Information: M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
“PARRY” House 3rd Floor,
No. 2 NSC Bose Road, Chennai – 600 001
inquiry@cholams.murugappa.com
+91-044- 3044 5620
Functional Area Experts:
Involvement
S.No. Functional Areas Name of the Expert/s Signature
(Period and Task)
July 2017 to Till Date
Task: Site visit, design of Ambient air
quality monitoring network,
evaluation of result of ambient air
AP- Air Pollution
quality monitoring, inferring baseline
1 Prevention, Mr. V S Bhaskar
data collected, identification of
Monitoring & Control
potential impact to air quality during
construction and operation phase,
developing and finalizing EMP to
minimize impact to air quality.
Task: Site visit, Finalization of
WP- Water Pollution sampling locations, finalizing water
2 Monitoring Prevention Mr. V S Bhaskar balance for the project, inference of
& Control baseline data collected identification
of impacts and preparation of
mitigation plan.
SHW- Solid and July 2017 to Till Date
3 Mr. Ravishankar D Task: Identification of solid waste to
Hazardous Waste
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Involvement
(Period and Task)
Management be generated from the process and
suggesting mitigation plan.
Task: Identification of solid waste to
be generated from the process and
MSW – Municipal Solid
4 Ms. Sathya.S suggesting mitigation plan and
Waste
coordination with EIA coordinator &
functional area expert in report
writing
Task: Undertaking primary socio-
SE- Socio-Economic Mr. Karthick C S economic survey, identification of
5
Aspects social impact due to proposed
project, preparation of mitigation
plan, development of CSR plan.
Task: Field survey. Impact prediction
EB- Ecology and
6 Dr. T. Balakrishna and suggesting mitigation measures.
Biodiversity
Preparation of ecology management
plan.
Task: Supervision of air quality
AQ- Meteorology, Air
modeling and identification of
8 Quality Modeling & Mr. V S Bhaskar
impacts due to proposed expansion.
Prediction
Finalization of mitigation measures
with client.
October 2016 to till date
Task: Preparation of land use land
9 LU- Land Use T.P. Natesan cover maps for the study area using
GIS/ related tools followed by ground
truth verification.
Task: Aquifer details, groundwater
HG- Hydrology potential, determination of ground
Ground Water & use pattern, Study of local hydro-
11 T.P.Natesan
Water Conservation geology, development of rainwater
GEO- Geology harvesting program, preparation of
contour map for the study area and
estimation of groundwater direction.
October 2016 to till date
RH- Risk & Hazard Task: Identification of risk due to
12 Mr. V S Bhaskar
Management storage of fuel and raw materials,
interpreting consequence contours,
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Involvement
(Period and Task)
suggesting risk mitigation measures.
Associate Functional Area Experts involved:
1. Mr. Srikanth .G – AFAE – AP & WP

Project Team Members
1. Mr. Mahendra B.
2. Ms. Sujatha G.
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person
I, N.V.Subbarao, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA Report
for the “EIA Study for Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity without any Additional or
New Infrastructure of the Existing Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur
Taluk, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu”. I also confirm that the consultant organization shall
be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature :
Name : N V Subbarao
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization :M/s.Cholamandalam MS Risk Services
Limited
NABET Certificate No. :NABET/EIA/1316/RA009 & Extension Letter No.
nd
QCI/NABET/EIA/ACO/ 16/12/0224 dated, 2 December 2016
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Executive Summary
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of the Company
Anjan Drug Private Limited (ADPL) was founded in 1990 and has grown into a fully integrated
Pharmaceutical API manufacturing Organization, backed with immense experience in
development and manufacturing of bulk drugs. Anjan Drug is now supplying the Active Pharma
Ingredients (API) to leading Formulation companies across the world.
1.2. Project Location
ADPL has one of its operating plants in at the No 237 /1(p), 235(p), 236(p), Plot no:
109,110,115&116, SIDCO Industrial estate Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram district,
Tamil Nadu-603110. The existing facility was built in two acres land and consisting of two
manufacturing blocks, surrounded by raw material storage, Admin engineering block, pilot
plant followed by other utility blocks. The existing facility is maintaining a good green cover
within their small two acre land. The co-ordinates of the project site is lie 12°41'27.23"N to
12°41'30.63"N and 80°11'27.16"E to 80°11'29.72"E. The study area is covered by Toposheet
No.66-D/01 and 02 and project site falls in 66-D-02 and the topo map showing 10 km radius of
the study area is as shown in the Figure 1. The salient features of the study area presented in
the Table 1.
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Figure 1-Map showing the Study Area
Table 1 Silent Features of the Existing Plant site and Its Environs
S.No. Particulars Details
Location
Village Alathur, Taluk District,
1 Taluk Thiruporur
District Kanchipuram
State Tamil Nadu
Latitude 12°41'28.97"N
2
Longitude 80°11'28.31"E
Elevation above mean sea level
3 6m
(MSL)
4 Topography Plain
5 Present land use at the site SIDCO, Alathur
Rajiv Gandhi IT express highway (49A)-
6 Nearest Highway/Road
2km (aerial distance)
7 Defence Installations Nil
8 Nearest Railway Station Chengalpattu 23 km
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9 Nearest airport Chennai Airport 34 km
10 Nearest village Vengaleri- 1.28 km
11 Nearest town or settlement Thiruporrur Town 4km
12 Water body Nil
13 Hills/valleys Nil
Archaeologically important Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) at an
14
places aerial distance of 7.5kms
Nearest place of Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) at an
15
Tourist/Religious importance aerial distance of 7.5kms
Ecologically sensitive areas
(National parks/ Wildlife
Nil
sanctuaries/bio-sphere
reserves)
16 Reserved/Protected forests Edyankuppam Reserve forest
17 Seismicity Zone III seismic zone map of India 2002
Actavis Pharma manufacturing ltd,
Amrutanjan Health Care limited,
Amrutanjan Pharma limited,
Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
List of major industries (SIPCOT
18 Ltd,
Complex)
Tamman Tittoe Pharma Pvt Ltd, Baxter
India Pvt Ltd,
MK Aromatics and S.V.Chem
Intermediates
Note: All the distances given in above table are aerial distances from the Existing
Manufacturing Facility.
1.3. Details of Existing Facilities
Currently, the existing facility has capacity of manufacturing 10 TPM of Valproic acids& salts
against consented value of 20.5 TPM, the other products was dropped due to the market
conditions. The products of the existing and the post enhancement of the production capacity
are presented in Table 2.
Table 2- Present and Proposed Products with their capacities
Proposed
Existing Capacity as
S.No Products Present Status Production
per consent (TPM)
(TPM)
To be continued
1 Valproic Acid & Salts 10 100
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Proposed
Existing Capacity as
S.No Products Present Status Production
per consent (TPM)
(TPM)
2 Gabapentin - Not applicable 100
3 Vanillin 5 Will be
4 Erythromycin salt 1.25 dropped from
5 Mebendazole 0.125 Not manufactured the consented
6 Guain Fensin 1 due to market products and
7 Ethyl Vanilin 2 conditions will not be
8 Phenyl Propanolamine 1 manufactured
9 Clatrimazole 0.125 in future.
Total Manufacturing capacity as
20.5 200
per CTO issued by TNPCB
1.4. Need of the Product
Bulk drugs manufactured in APDL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. Enormous amount of bulk drug products from India are exported to Global
markets. To remain as a significant player in the market and to meet the increasing demand of
bulk drugs in India and abroad, ADPL has proposed the enhancement of existing capacity along
with one new additional product in the category of bulk drug products.
1.5. Proposed Enhancement Project
Salient features of the proposed enhancement project include the following:
Increasing the total production capacity of bulks drugs from 20.5 TPM to 200 TPM by
involving enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic acid & salt) and
addition of a new product (Gabapentin)
To enhance the recycling of treated water and to maintain environmental friendly
operations, ADPL has proposed enhance the Effluent Treatment systems by installing a
New Multiple Effect Evaporator System.
The overview of the proposed enhancement of the production capacity is given in the Table 3.
Production of other seven consented products is not envisaged after the post enhancement of
the proposed production.
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Table 3 Overview of the Proposed Enhancement of the Existing Facility
Particulars Units Existing Additional Proposed

Production capacity TPM 20.5 179.5 200
Steam Demand TPH 0.2 2.8 3
Furnace Oil TPD 1.5 2.25 3.75
Solvent Storage tanks No s 6 No Change 6
Electrical Energy KVA 120 530 650
Fresh water requirement m3/day 6.3 63.7 70
Wastewater generation m3/day 1.2 83.8 85
Recycled Water m3/day - 75 75
No Additional
Land requirement Acres 2 Nil
Land required
1.6. Project Chronology and Environmental Compliance at Existing Facility
ADPL has obtained NOC from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board on 09.08.2000 for expansion
of existing bulk drug unit and has obtained Environmental Clearances from the MoEF&CC vide
letter no. No.J-11011/06/2002-IA II (I), dated 27th December 2004 for the expansion of existing
bulk drug units for manufacturing of additional products like Valproic Acids and salts (10,000
Kg/m), Guain fensin (1000 Kg/m), Ethyl Vanillin (2000 Kg/m), Vanillin (5000 Kg/m) and Phenyl
propanolamine (1000) Kg/m at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Tamil Nadu. The existing facility
had submitted application for CTO expansion in the year 1999 and subsequently the CTO for
the expansion project was accorded by TNPCB in 2007. CTO for the facility is periodically
renewed and the current CTO is valid until 31st March 2018. The existing facility had obtained
consent for operation from TNPCB stated in the consent order no 170814803691 dated on
29/05/2017 manufacturing the bulk drugs. Although the facility is consented to produce about
20.5 TPM of bulk drugs, due to lack of market demand some of the products are not
manufactured and the peak production in the plant was limited. The unit is regularly submitting
the Environmental compliance report to the Regional Office of MoEF &CC and ADPL has
complied with all conditions of the Environmental Clearance issued by MoEF&CC. The recent
monitoring by Regional Officer, MoEF&CC, and Chennai was conducted on 09.08.2017 and the
certified copy of the compliance report, vide no F. No. EP/12.1/346/TN/1276, dated 10.08.2017
Page 11
was obtained and it states that ADPL complies with all the conditions stipulated in the
Environmental Clearance issued by MoEF & CC.
The proposed enhancement project was appraised by the State Expert Appraisal Committee
(SEAC) Tamil Nadu during, the 93rd State Expert Appraisal Committee meeting item 93-05 held
on 11th August to 12th August 2017 and the project was accorded Terms of Reference (ToR) vide
File no. SEIAA-TN/F-6427/SEAC-XCIII/5(f)/TOR-283/2017 Dated 21.08.2017 with additional
condition. The EIA study was undertaken by M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services, a NABET
accredited EIA consulting organization, with specific project related inputs required for
undertaking the EIA studies from the project proponent of M/s. Anjan Drug Private Limited,
SIDCO, and Alathur.
1.7. Environmental Impact Assessment Study
The environmental impact assessment study team headed by an accredited EIA Coordinator,
along with the approved Functional Area Experts has undertaken detailed baseline studies
between 24-07-2017 to 22-10-2017. Various environmental parameters such meteorology, air
quality, water quality, noise level recording, and soil quality were undertaken by a NABET
accredited and MoEF & CC approved Environmental Testing Laboratory. Various specialized
studies such as hydro-geological studies, socioeconomic survey, ecological and biological survey
etc were undertaken by the respective experts. Based on the project inputs provided by ADPL
with regards to the material, water balance etc a detailed environmental impact assessment
study was undertaken using qualitative and quantitative methods, wherever applicable. The
risk assessment study was conducted for the proposed solvent tanks and based on the findings
recommendations were suggested and reported in the EIA study.
1.8. Overview of the Proposed Project
The proposed project involves enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic
acid & salts) and addition of a new product (Gabapentin) based upon the present market
conditions. Production of other seven consented products will not be manufactured during the
post enhancement of production capacity. Hence the existing production capacity of 20.5 TPM
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will be enhanced to 200 TPM through two designated products as stated above. While Valproic
acid & salts are being manufactured from the initial phases/stages of the process in the existing
facility, it has been proposed to purchase the intermediate products from the local market and
only final stages of the manufacturing process will be adopted at the existing facility. The
project site is well connected by road network. The additional raw materials required for the
proposed expansion of the facility will also be transported by road through trucks.
The total water requirement of existing facility is about 6.3 m3/day and after the proposed
enhancement of the production capacity the fresh water requirement will be increased to the
tune of 70 m3/day (6.3+63.7=70 m3/day) which will be sourced from SIDCO. Out of the total
fresh water requirement, 10 m3/day of water will utilized for domestic purposes and 7 m3/day
will be utilized for greenbelt development whereas the remaining 53 m3/day of fresh water will
be utilized for the process. About 75 m3/day of treated wastewater from RO & MEE will be
directly recycled back to the process and the envisaged evaporation losses from the process will
be 43 m3/day. The total wastewater from process to ETP will be 85 m3/day. 85 m3/day of
treated water from ETP will be further treated in the proposed Two Stage Reverse Osmosis
plant. About 58 m3/day RO treated water will be used as cooling water makeup and 5 m3/day
of treated effluent from ETP outlet will be recycled back to the process. About 22 m3/day of
treated wastewater from RO will be further processed in the multiple effect evaporators to
treat the high TDS RO Reject. After recycling the balance treated wastewater of 12 m3/day will
be used in the boiler.
1.9. Baseline Environment Studies
The Study area exhibits plain terrain. In the east the Bay of Bengal is situated. The reserved
forest with in 10 km radius is as Tandalam Reserved Forest, Illalur Reserved Forest, Madayattur
Reserved Forest, Kattur Reserved forest. The forests are located in the western side of the
project site. The minimum and maximum elevation of the study area (10 km radius) is 1 and
75m amsl (above mean sea level) respectively. The Project site is located about 7 m amsl
(above mean sea level). There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site.
Page 13
The Buckingham canal is located in the eastern side of the project site at a distance of 1.2 Km. A
small water body is located in the western side of the project site at a distance of 0.7 Km.
There no river or stream near by the project site. In the eastern side of the project site
aquaculture forms are noticed. IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 04th July
2016 was utilized and rectification of imagery was carried out on to bring the digital data on the
earth coordinate system by means of ground control point (GCP) assignments/SOI toposheets.
The LULC study reveals that the agricultural land occupies the majority of the area. About 6.32
% of the built up land. Deciduous forest Land occupies about 10.60 % of the study area
.Geologically the study area is underlined with charnockite.
As per the meteorological data the area experienced a maximum temperature of about 36.4 C,
whereas the minimum temperature of 25.2 C was observed during the study period from 24th
July 2017 to 22nd October 2017. The predominant percentage (18%) of days, the winds were
found to blow from West to East. 13% of wind were found to blow from south-west, south and
North-East to North-East, North, North-West. Eight (8) air quality monitoring stations were
selected for a detailed ambient air quality monitoring as per the CPCB guidelines. Baseline
studies indicated that the average concentrations of air pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and
NOx in the study area were found to be in the range of 38.2 µg/m3 to 75.5 µg/m3, 18 µg/m3 to
36.2 µg/m3, 3.8 µg/m3to 12.6 µg/m3, 12.3 µg/m3 to 26.9 µg/m3 respectively. These values were
compared with that of the NAAQ standards prescribed the CPCB, and were found that the
values are well within the permissible range.
Noise levels at the facility were reported be below 63.8 dBA of day time, whereas the noise
levels at the residential areas were found to be below 55 dBA. Soil samples collected from the
study area confirmed that the samples are free from any toxic contamination and also mineral
oils. The ground water is developed by means of dug wells in the depth of 4 to 6 m bgl. Ground
water quality data indicated that Total Dissolved Solids, Hardness are in the range of 542mg/l to
5264mg/l and 74 mg/l to 456 mg/l respectively. All the values expect vengaleri which is near to
the SIDCO, were found to be within the stipulated drinking water standards.
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1.10. Environmental Impacts and Management
The proposed enhancement project will be developed within the existing facilities which having
adequate capacity of infrastructure for post project. The construction activities of new
installation will not necessitate any land acquisition. Hence, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
(R&R) regulations are not applicable. The post project will not disturb any greenbelt and
plantation area in the existing facility and hence the ecological and biological environment at
the existing facility will not be altered.
The possible sources related to the operational phase with potential to cause impacts on the
environment includes air emissions due to the increase in consumption of fuel requirement for
additional steam generation and fugitive emissions, wastewater discharge quantities and its
characteristics and disposal practices, increase in solid and hazardous waste generation.
Air quality modelling was undertaken using ISCST3 model to assess the possible increase in
ground level concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NOx from the proposed activities. The peak
predicted ground level concentrations of the PM10, SO2 and NOx were estimated is 0.66 µg/m3,
5.79 µg/m3 and 0.29 µg/m3 respectively. The resultant cumulative concentration at around 10
km radius distance from proposed project will comply with the NAAQ Standards.
There is increase in the wastewater generation due to the post project from 1.2 m3/day to 85
m3/day and hence the existing ETP will be upgraded to treat the additional quantity of
wastewater. It is proposed to install a Two Stage Reverse osmosis plant is followed by MEE to
recycle additional 63 m3/day of treated water into the process, about 22 m3/day of treated
wastewater from RO will be further processed in the multiple effect evaporators to treat the
high TDS RO Reject. After recycling, the balance treated wastewater of 12 m3/day will be used
in the boiler.
The increased quantity of solid waste due to the proposed project will be disposed as per the
existing disposal practices i.e. to the CPCB authorized recyclers. For the new and increased
quantity, application will be made to TNPCB for authorization after getting prior environmental
clearance.
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Impacts on flora are envisaged only in close vicinity of proposed development due to emissions
and vehicular movements. Greenbelt development will enhance floral diversity and proposed
development will have positive impact on ecology by providing suitable habitats for avifauna
reptiles and small arboreal mammals.
Due to the proposed project there will be increase in local employment opportunities directly
and indirectly during the construction phase. People in the SIDCO region is directly or indirectly
dependent on industries in the region such as involving in the works as construction and
installation, Housekeeping and gardening, Labour works, etc.
1.11. Occupational Health Measures
ADPL strives to provide safe and healthy workplace for the employees through various
engineering control measures, work place monitoring and provision of necessary facilities for
maintaining safe and healthy atmosphere at the work place.
1.12. Project Cost and EMP Budget
As the proposed enhancement of the production capacity is carried out in the existing facility
and no additional infrastructure will be required. Hence, no additional budget is required for
this enhancement of production capacity. Existing reactors and existing solvent storage tanks
are more than adequate for the proposed enhancement program. The only cost to be incurred
will be the installation of additional Multiple Effect Evaporator which is a part of ZLD system
that costs around Rs. 3 crores.
1.13. Project Timeline
As stated above the proposed enhancement of the production capacity will be carried out
within the existing reactors and infrastructure the facility will be carrying out the production
after getting required environmental clearances and compliances.
1.14. Conclusions
Based independent assessment on the baseline environmental status and also prediction of
impacts the following conclusions
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This project will have beneficial effects in terms of growth and development of the
regional economy
This project is also generated direct and indirect employment to a considerable number
of families, who will render their services for the employees of the project
The proposed project is structured to be in line with the requirements of MoEF/CPCB/
PCB.
Wastewater treatment facilities, recycling programs and high efficiency pollution
abatement measures will result in minimising the adverse impacts on the environment
Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution
control and mitigation measures, the proposed project can proceed without any significant
negative impact on the environment.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Table of Content
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................29
1.1 About the Company ............................................................................................................29

1.2 Existing Facilities ..................................................................................................................29
1.3 Proposed Project .................................................................................................................29
1.4 Nature of Project .................................................................................................................30
1.5 Location of the Project site .................................................................................................30
1.6 Environmental Setting .........................................................................................................33
1.7 Justification and Need for the Project ...............................................................................35
1.8 Employment Generation.....................................................................................................35
1.9 Need for the EIA study ........................................................................................................35
1.10 Project Screening (Cat B) and ToR ..................................................................................36
1.11 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study.............................................................36
1.12 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA study ............................................................36
1.13 Regulatory Context ..........................................................................................................39
1.13.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards ...................................................................................40
1.13.2 Air Emissions Discharge Standards .............................................................................41
1.13.3 Minimum Stack Height Standards ..............................................................................41
1.13.4 Work-Zone Noise Standards .......................................................................................41
1.13.5 Drinking Water Specification as per IS 10500:2012 ..................................................42
1.13.6 Treated wastewater discharge standards- Synthetic Organic Industries ................42
1.13.7 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2015 .............................................................................................................44
1.14 Structure of the EIA Report.............................................................................................46
2 DETAILS OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE ...............................48
2.1 Overview of the Existing Facilities ......................................................................................48

2.2 Summary of the Existing Environmental Compliance .......................................................48
2.3 Land use ...............................................................................................................................49
2.4 Process Description of the Existing facilities .....................................................................51
2.4.1 Production Process of Valproic Acid & Salts ..............................................................51
2.5 Tank Farm Details ................................................................................................................53
2.6 Steam and Fuel Requirement .............................................................................................53
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2.7 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................54

2.8 Cooling Tower in the Existing Facility .................................................................................54
2.9 Existing Pollution Sources and Management ....................................................................55
2.9.1 Stack Emissions and Compliance ................................................................................55
2.9.2 Noise Levels ..................................................................................................................56
2.10 Existing Water Requirement ...........................................................................................57
2.11 Existing Wastewater generation ....................................................................................57
2.12 Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generation and Disposal ................................................58
2.13 Leak Detection and Repair Program for VOC, LDAR Sampling Data ............................59
2.14 Fire Fighting Systems .......................................................................................................59
2.15 Rainwater Harvesting System & Strom Water Management System .........................60
2.16 Existing Green Belt and Plantation .................................................................................61
2.17 Occupational Health Programs .......................................................................................62
3 DETAILS OF proposed project ....................................................................................................65
3.1 Overview of the Proposed Project .....................................................................................65

3.2 Adequacy of the Existing Infrastructure ............................................................................66
3.3 Proposed Products ..............................................................................................................67
3.3.1 Manufacture of Proposed product Gabapentin ........................................................67
3.4 Project Requirements..........................................................................................................68
Raw Material Requirement and source ....................................................................................68
3.5 Steam Demand and Fuel Requirements ............................................................................68
3.6 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................69
3.7 Water and Wastewater.......................................................................................................69
3.7.1 Wastewater Generation ..............................................................................................70
3.8 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal ................................................................................72
3.9 Additional Man Power Required ........................................................................................72
3.10 Project Cost and Implementation ..................................................................................72
3.11 Project Timeline ...............................................................................................................73
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................74
4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................74

4.2 Scope and Methodology of Conducting Baseline study ...................................................75
4.3 Administration Setup of the Study Area District ...............................................................78
4.4 Land Environment ...............................................................................................................81
4.4.1 Physiography ................................................................................................................81
4.4.2 Drainage .......................................................................................................................82
4.4.3 Land Use / Land Cover map of Study Area.................................................................83
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4.4.4 Satellite Data ................................................................................................................84

4.4.5 Descriptions of the Land Use/ Land cover classes.....................................................88
4.5 Geology ...............................................................................................................................93
4.5.1 Geology of the Region .................................................................................................93
4.5.2 Geology of the Study Area ..........................................................................................94
4.5.3 Geomorphology and Structure of the Region............................................................95
4.5.4 Geomorphology and Structure of the Study Area.....................................................96
4.5.5 Mineral Resource .........................................................................................................98
4.6 Soil Environment .................................................................................................................98
4.6.1 Soil of the Region .........................................................................................................98
4.6.2 Soil in the Study area .................................................................................................100
4.6.3 Background Soil Quality in the Study Area ..............................................................100
4.7 Seismic Zone ......................................................................................................................105
4.8 Meteorological Data ..........................................................................................................107
4.8.1 Regional Climate and Meteorology – IMD, Meenambakkam ................................107
4.8.2 Site Specific Meteorological Data .............................................................................111
4.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .......................................................................................112
4.9.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey .........................................................112
4.9.2 Presentation of Results .............................................................................................115
4.9.3 Observation of Results ..............................................................................................116
4.10 Noise Environment ........................................................................................................122
4.11 Water Environment .......................................................................................................124
4.11.1 Surface Water Resources in the Study Area ............................................................124
4.11.2 Ground Water Resources-(Published Data) .............................................................127
4.12 Ecological Environment .................................................................................................144
4.12.1 Necessity of the Ecology Management Plan............................................................145
4.12.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring .........................................................................145
4.12.3 Agriculture and Horticulture .....................................................................................145
4.12.4 Forest Resources ........................................................................................................146
4.12.5 Water Resources ........................................................................................................146
4.12.6 Fisheries Production ..................................................................................................146
4.12.7 Heritage Sites .............................................................................................................146
4.12.8 Biodiversity .................................................................................................................148
4.12.9 Survey Methodology .................................................................................................149
4.13 Quantitative analysis of the vegetation .......................................................................152
4.13.2 Project Site – Greenbelt ............................................................................................154
4.13.3 Faunal Diversity ..........................................................................................................162
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4.14 Socioeconomic Environment ........................................................................................167

4.14.1 Socioeconomic Indicators Considered for the Study ..............................................168
4.14.2 Primary Survey ...........................................................................................................168
4.14.3 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators ........................................................................174
5 Assessment of Environmental Impacts ...................................................................................176
5.1 General ...............................................................................................................................176

5.2 Construction Phase Environmental Impacts ...................................................................176
5.3 Impacts during the Operation Phase ...............................................................................176
5.3.1 Impacts on Air Quality – Point Source Emissions ....................................................177
5.3.2 Noise Emissions..........................................................................................................182
5.3.3 Impacts due to Vehicular Traffic ...............................................................................182
5.3.4 Impacts on the Water Environment .........................................................................183
5.3.5 Ground Water Quality and Movement of Pollutants ..............................................186
5.3.6 Solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and disposal practices .................187
5.3.7 Impacts on Ecological and Biological Environment .................................................188
5.3.8 Socioeconomic Impact ..............................................................................................188
6 Analysis of alternativies ...........................................................................................................190
6.1 Site Alternative ..................................................................................................................190

6.2 Technology Alternative .....................................................................................................190
7 environmnetal monitroing program .......................................................................................191
7.1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................191

7.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring ........................................................................191
7.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedures ..................................................192
7.4 Environmental Monitoring Program ................................................................................192
7.5 Applicable Standards for data analysis ............................................................................193
7.6 Reporting Schedule ...........................................................................................................193
8 Additional studies .....................................................................................................................194
8.1 Public Consultation............................................................................................................194

8.2 Rapid Risk Assessment Study and Risk Mitigation Measures.........................................194
8.2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................194
8.2.2 Scope of the Study .....................................................................................................194
8.2.3 Objective of the Study ...............................................................................................195
8.2.4 Modeling Software ....................................................................................................195
8.2.5 Risk Assessment Methodology .................................................................................196
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8.2.6 Probabilities................................................................................................................203
8.2.7 Consequence Analysis ...............................................................................................207
8.2.8 Risk Presentation .......................................................................................................213
8.2.9 Risk Analysis and Control Measures .........................................................................217
8.2.10 Recommendations .....................................................................................................218
8.2.11 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................219
9 project benefits.........................................................................................................................220
9.1 Contribution to the Nation ...............................................................................................220

9.2 Socio Economic Development ..........................................................................................220
10 environmental management plan ...........................................................................................221
10.1 Preamble ........................................................................................................................221

10.2 Administrative Aspects..................................................................................................221
10.2.1 Commitment & Policy................................................................................................221
10.2.2 Planning ......................................................................................................................222
10.2.3 Implementation .........................................................................................................222
10.2.4 EHS Management System .........................................................................................222
10.2.5 Environmental Management Records......................................................................222
10.2.6 Environmental Management Plan Structure ...........................................................223
10.2.7 Measurement & Evaluation ......................................................................................224
10.2.8 Record Keeping and Reporting .................................................................................224
10.3 Environmental Management Plan during construction Phase...................................224
10.4 Environmental Management Plan during Operation Phase.......................................224
10.4.1 Air Environment .........................................................................................................224
10.4.2 Noise Environment ....................................................................................................225
10.4.3 Water and Waste Water Management....................................................................225
10.4.4 Rainwater Harvesting System and Storm water Management System .................225
10.4.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal Management ................................................230
10.4.6 Management of Storage and Handling of Materials ...............................................230
10.4.7 Ecology and Biodiversity Management Plan............................................................231
10.4.8 Greenbelt Enhancement Plan ...................................................................................231
10.4.9 Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................................231
11 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................................233
12 Disclosure of Consultants.........................................................................................................234
12.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................234
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12.2 Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant ..................................234

12.3 Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study ....................................234
12.4 Other Technical Team Members ..............................................................................235
12.5 External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study .........................................................235
12.6 NABET Certificate .......................................................................................................236
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Silent Features of the Existing Plant site and Its Environs ..............................................34
Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ..........................................................................40
Table 1-3 General Noise Standards ...................................................................................................42
Table 1-4 Organoleptic and Physical Parameters .............................................................................42
Table 1-5 Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents ...........................................................43
Table 1-6 General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants (Effluents)....................43
Table 1-7 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry .......45
Table 2-1 Present Products Manufactured at ADPL, Alathur .........................................................48
Table 2-2 Land Area Break up ............................................................................................................49
Table 2-3 Material Balance of the Valproic acid & Salts ..................................................................52
Table 2-4 Details of storage tank in the Existing Facility..................................................................53
Table 2-5 Details of Existing Boilers...................................................................................................54
Table 2-6 Details of Fuels Used in the Existing Facility ....................................................................54
Table 2-7 Cooling Tower for Products Manufacturing.....................................................................54
Table 2-8 Air Pollution Sources & Control Measures in the Existing Facility ..................................55
Table 2-9 Summary of Stack Emission Monitoring Data-TNPCB .....................................................55
Table 2-10 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data-TNPCB ..........................................56
Table 2-11 Summary of Noise Monitoring Data-TNPCB ..................................................................56
Table 2-12 Existing Water Consumption ..........................................................................................57
Table 2-13 Characteristics of Effluent ...............................................................................................58
Table 2-14 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Methods in the Existing Facility ..........................59
Table 3-1 Existing production vs Proposed Enhancement of the Production capacity .................65
Table 3-2 Overview of the Proposed Project ....................................................................................66
Table 3-3 Land use of the ADPL .........................................................................................................66
Table 3-4 Material Balance of Gabapentin .......................................................................................67
Table 3-5 Steam Demand and Fuel Requirement for Existing & Proposed ....................................69
Table 3-6 Water Requirement and Wastewater Recycle for Existing and Post Project ................69
Table 3-7 Details of Wastewater Generation ...................................................................................70
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Table 3-8 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Methods in the Existing Facility.............................72
Table 4-1 Various Environmental Attributes ....................................................................................76
Table 4-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology ........................................................................77
Table 4-3 Administrative setup of Kancheepuram District ..............................................................79
Table 4-4 Details of the Satellite Data ...............................................................................................84
Table 4-5 Land Use/Land Cover Classification System .....................................................................86
Table 4-6 Built Up Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site .......................................................89
Table 4-7 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site .................................................89
Table 4-8 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site .................................................91
Table 4-9 Waste Land of Study Area of 10 Km radius ......................................................................91
Table 4-10 Water Bodies in 10 km radius from the Project Site .....................................................92
Table 4-11 Different Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project site.......................92
Table 4-12 Minerals Availability in the Kanchipuram District .........................................................98
Table 4-13 Soil Classification of Study Area ......................................................................................99
Table 4-14 Details of Soil Sampling Locations ................................................................................101
Table 4-15 Physico-chemical characteristics of collected soil samples within study area (24 th July
2017 to 22nd October 2017) .............................................................................................................103
Table 4-16 Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Tables 30 Years Data: 1971-2000
(Meenambakkam IMD station)........................................................................................................107
Table 4-17 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .................................................113
Table 4-18 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during Study Period
(24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017) .............................................................................................116
Table 4-19 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during Study Period
(24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017) .............................................................................................116
Table 4-20 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to 22nd
October 2017) ...................................................................................................................................117
Table 4-21 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to 22nd
October 2017) ...................................................................................................................................118
Table 4-22 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to
22ndOctober 2017) ............................................................................................................................119
Table 4-23 NOX Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to 22nd
October 2017) ...................................................................................................................................120
Table 4-24 NH3 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to 22nd
October 2017) ...................................................................................................................................121
Table 4-25 Ozone Concentration in the Study Area during the study period(24th July 2017 to
22nd October 2017) ...........................................................................................................................122
Table 4-26 Noise Sampling Locations ..............................................................................................123
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Table 4-27 Noise Level Equivalent Values during Study Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd October
2017) ..................................................................................................................................................123
Table 4-28 Surface Water Sampling Locations ...............................................................................124
Table 4-29 Surface water Quality ....................................................................................................125
Table 4-30 Ground Water Resources in Kancheepuram District as on March-2004 (in Ham)....131
Table 4-31 Depth and Ground water Level of the Study Area ......................................................135
Table 4-32 Result of Pumping Test ..................................................................................................138
Table 4-33 Details of Ground Water Sampling Locations ..............................................................139
Table 4-34 Results of Ground Water Quality Analysis for Various Parameters ...........................142
Table 4-35 Terrestrial Ecology Survey Locations ............................................................................151
Table 4-36 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Core zone ............156
Table 4-37 Avifauna observed in study area...................................................................................162
Table 4-38 Diversity Index ................................................................................................................167
Table 4-39 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators.............................................................................174
Table 5-1 Air Quality Modelling Inputs ...........................................................................................178
Table 5-2 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Sulphur Dioxide Concentration............178
Table 5-3 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Oxides of Nitrogen Concentration .......180
Table 5-4 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Particulate Matter Concentration .......181
Table 5-5 Summary of the Predicted GLCs .....................................................................................182
Table 5-6 Water Requirement and Wastewater Recycle for Existing and Post Project ..............183
Table 5-7 Details of Wastewater Generation .................................................................................184
Table 5-8 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Methods in the Existing Facility...........................188
Table 7-1 Environmental Monitoring Program...............................................................................192
Table 7-2 Applicable Standards for data analysis ...........................................................................193
Table 8-1 Damages to human life due to heat radiation ...............................................................202
Table 8-2 Effects due to incident radiation intensity .....................................................................202
Table 8-3: Damage due to overpressures .......................................................................................202
Table 8-4 Population Distribution ...................................................................................................203
Table 8-5: Wind Direction ................................................................................................................205
Table 8-6: Probability of Immediate Ignition ..................................................................................205
Table 8-7: Probability of Delayed Ignition.......................................................................................206
Table 8-8: List of LOC Scenarios .......................................................................................................207
Table 8-9: Inventory details .............................................................................................................207
Table 8-10: Jet Fire Results ..............................................................................................................209
Table 8-11: Pool Fire Results ............................................................................................................210
Table 8-12: Vapour Cloud Explosion Results ..................................................................................211
Table 8-13: Flammable Gas Dispersion Results ..............................................................................212
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Table 8-14: LOC Event Frequency ....................................................................................................213

Table 8-15: Risk Acceptability Criteria .............................................................................................217
Table 8-16: Risk Summary ................................................................................................................218
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Project Location ...............................................................................................................31

Figure 1-2 Project Location ................................................................................................................32
Figure 1-3 Typical View of the Existing Facilities ..............................................................................33
Figure 2-1 Existing Plant layout .........................................................................................................50
Figure 2-2 Manufacture of Valproic Acid ..........................................................................................52
Figure 2-3 Photographs of the Storage tanks at the Existing Plant.................................................53
Figure 2-4 Photographs of Existing ETP.............................................................................................57
Figure 2-5 ETP Block Diagram ............................................................................................................58
Figure 2-6 Photographs of the fire Fighting System in the Existing Facility ...................................60
Figure 2-7 Existing Green Cover in the Facility .................................................................................61
Figure 2-8 Photographs of the Facilities at Occupational Health centre ........................................64
Figure 3-1 Block Diagram of Gabapentin ..........................................................................................68
Figure 3-2 Water Balance for the Post Expansion ............................................................................71
Figure 4-1 Map showing the Study Area ...........................................................................................75
Figure 4-2 Kanchipuram Administrative Map ...................................................................................80
Figure 4-3 Physiographic map of the Study Area .............................................................................82
Figure 4-4 Drainage of the Study Area ..............................................................................................83
Figure 4-5 Satellite Imaginary of Study Area of 10 km.....................................................................85
Figure 4-6 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use mapping ..............................................86
Figure 4-7 Land Use Classification of the Study Area of 10 km radius............................................88
Figure 4-8 Built-up Land – Industrial and Rural ................................................................................89
Figure 4-9 Agriculture Land of Study Area of 10 km Radius ............................................................90
Figure 4-10 Waste land with and without Scrub ..............................................................................91
Figure 4-11 Different Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project site .....................93
Figure 4-12 Geology Map of Kancheepuram District .......................................................................94
Figure 4-13 Geology Map of 10 km Radius .......................................................................................95
Figure 4-14 Photographs of Geomorphology and Structure of the study area .............................97
Figure 4-15 Geomorphology and Structure of the study area ........................................................97
Figure 4-16 Soil Map of Kancheepuram District ...............................................................................99
Figure 4-17 Soil Map of the Study Area ..........................................................................................100
Figure 4-18 Soil Quality Monitoring Location of the Study area ...................................................101
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Figure 4-19 Photographs of Soil Sampling during the Study Period .............................................102
Figure 4-20 Seismic Zone Map of India ...........................................................................................106
Figure 4-21 Earthquake Hazard map of Tamil Nadu ......................................................................106
Figure 4-22 25 years of Average Rainfall of Kancheepuram District ............................................108
Figure 4-23 Annual Windrose as per IMD Meenambakkam observatory data............................110
Figure 4-24 Seasonal Windrose as per IMD Meenambakkam Observatory Data........................110
Figure 4-25 Site Specific Wind Rose for the Study Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
............................................................................................................................................................112
Figure 4-26 Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations..............................................................114
Figure 4-27 Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring .......................................................114
Figure 4-28 Trends of Ambient PM10 Concentration in the Study Area .......................................117
Figure 4-29 Trends of Ambient PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area .....................................118
Figure 4-30 Trends of Ambient SO2 Concentration in the Study Area ..........................................119
Figure 4-31 Trends of Ambient NOX Concentration in the Study Area ........................................120
Figure 4-32 Trends of Ammonia Concentration in the Study Area ...............................................121
Figure 4-33 Trends of Ambient Ozone Concentration in the Study Area .....................................122
Figure 4-34 Locations of Surface Water Sampling .........................................................................125
Figure 4-35 Hydrogeological Map of Kancheepuram District .......................................................129
Figure 4-36 Depth of Ground Water Level during Pre monsoon in Kancheepuram District .......130
Figure 4-37 Depth of Ground Water Level during Post monsoon in Kancheepuram District .....130
Figure 4-38 Ground Water Potential and the Categorization of Blocks .......................................132
Figure 4-39 Season Wise Ground Water Level Data collected for Thiruporur Monitoring well .133
Figure 4-40 Ground Water Level Zone Pre-monsoon in 10 Km radius .........................................134
Figure 4-41 Ground Water Level Zone Post-monsoon in 10 Km radius........................................135
Figure 4-42 Ground Water Table for Pre-Monsoon .......................................................................137
Figure 4-43 Ground Water Table for Post-Monsoon .....................................................................137
Figure 4-44 Ground Water Sampling Locations..............................................................................140
Figure 4-45 Photographs of the Ground Water Sampling .............................................................140
Figure 4-46 Ecological Survey Locations of Study Area(10 km radius) .........................................151
Figure 4-47 Existing Green Cover in the Facility .............................................................................155
Figure 4-48 Agricultural land of Study Area ....................................................................................158
Figure 4-49 Surface Water bodies of the Study Area .....................................................................159
Figure 4-50 Forest Area of 10 km radius of Study Area .................................................................160
Figure 4-51Avifauna observed in study area during survey period ..............................................164
Figure 4-52 Primary Survey ..............................................................................................................169
Figure 4-53 Workers Group Dstribution .........................................................................................171
Figure4-54 Schools in the Study Area..............................................................................................174
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Figure 5-1 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of SO 2 within 10 km Radius of the Study area ..........................179
Figure 5-2 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study area .........................180
Figure 5-3 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of PM 10 within 10 km Radius of the Study area .....................181
Figure 5-4 Water Balance for the Post Enhancement....................................................................185
Figure 5-5 Total Dissolved Concentration of the Study Area ........................................................187
Figure 8-1 Flowchart of Methodology of QRA ................................................................................197
Figure 8-2 Overall Individual Risk Contour......................................................................................215
Figure 8-3 F-N Curve .........................................................................................................................216
Figure 10-1 Environmental Management Cell ................................................................................224
Figure 10-2 Runoff from the Project Site ........................................................................................226
Figure 10-3 Proposed Recharge well in the Existing Plant.............................................................229
List of abbreviations
TPD Tonnes Per Day

TPH Tonnes Per Hour
PM Particulate Matter
SOX Oxides Of Sulphur
NOX Oxides Of Nitrogen
GLC Ground Level Concentration
ADPL Anjan Drug Private Limited
ToR Terms Of Reference
SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority
API Active Pharma Intermediate
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
COD Chemical Oxidation Demand
CTO Consent To Operate
CTE Consent To Establish
DPMA Di-Propyl Malonic Acid
MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator
LDAR Leak Detection And Repair Program
ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
Page 28
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 1- Introduction
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About the Company
Anjan Drug Private Limited (ADPL) was founded in 1990 and has grown into a fully integrated
Pharmaceutical API manufacturing Organization, backed with immense experience in
development and manufacturing of bulk drugs. Anjan Drug is now supplying the Active Pharma
Ingredients (API) to leading Formulation companies across the world. It is committed for
environmental protection as a drive for growth and contributes to value creation with
innovative and sustainable solutions for customers and for many industries from different
countries across the globe. At the same time, ADPL research and development is focused on
addressing the key trends for developing and producing quality ingredients which are used for
curing harmful diseases. Producing superior quality products by finding cost-effective methods
and environmental friendly operations for developing products, enables it for providing better
service. ADPL got the best supplier awards in the years of 2006 to 2017 from the Abbot Brazil.
1.2 Existing Facilities

The existing facility is located at the S. No 237 /1(p), 235(p), 236(p), Plot no: 109,110,115&116,
SIDCO Industrial estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The
existing facility was commissioned in the year 1991 for manufacturing eight bulk drugs with a
valid consent to operate issued by Tamil Nadu State Pollution Control Board. The existing land
was purchased from SIDCO and the sale deed agreement is attached as Annexure 1.
1.3 Proposed Project

The proposed project involves enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic
acid & salt) and addition of a new product (Gabapentin) based upon the present market
conditions. Production of other seven consented products will not be manufactured during the
post enhancement of production capacity. Hence the existing production capacity of 20.5 TPM
will be enhanced to 200 TPM through two designated products as stated above.
Page 29
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 1-Introduction
The necessary infrastructure in terms of land, water and manpower are readily available. As the
proposed enhancement will be carried out within the existing land which belongs to the project
promoters, rehabilitation and resettlement aspects are not envisaged for the proposed
enhancement project. There will be no significant adverse impact on the environment due to
the project since all the necessary measures are proposed to be adopted for the management
of additional wastes generated from the proposed facility.
1.4 Nature of Project

Project will comprise of the following:
Increasing the total production capacity of bulk drugs from 20.5 TPM to 200 TPM by
involving enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic acid & salt) and
addition of a new product (Gabapentin)
To enhance the recycling of treated water and to maintain environmental friendly
operations, ADPL has proposed enhance the Effluent Treatment systems by installing a
two stage Reverse Osmosis System followed by Multiple Effect Evaporator System.
1.5 Location of the Project site

The existing facility is located at the No 237 /1(p), 235(p), 236(p), Plot no: 109,110,115&116,
SIDCO Industrial estate Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu-603110.
The site location is presented in Figure 1.1 10km radius of the site is presented in Figure 1.2.
The existing facility was built in two acres land and consisting of two manufacturing blocks,
surrounded by raw material storage, Admin engineering block, pilot plant followed by other
utility blocks. The existing facility is maintaining a good green cover within their small two acre
land.
Page 30
Figure 1-1 Project Location
Page 31
Figure 1-2 Project Location
10km radius
Scale
Source: Google Earth, Image date: 21/3/2106
Page 32
Figure 1-3 Typical View of the Existing Facilities
ADPL Entrance Water Sprinkler System inside the Plant
Air cooled Cooling towers Fire Pumps (Jockey Pumps)
Waste Water Treatment System Multiple Effect Evaporator

1.6 Environmental Setting
The facility is mainly boarded by pharmaceutical industries like Actavis Pharma manufacturing
ltd, Amrutanjan Health Care limited, Amrutanjan Pharma limited, Orchid Chemicals &
Page 33
Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tamman Tittoe Pharma Pvt Ltd, Baxter India Pvt Ltd, MK Aromatics and
S.V.Chem Intermediates. The details of environmental setting around the existing plant site are
given in the following Table.1.1.
Table 1-1 Silent Features of the Existing Plant site and Its Environs
Location
Village Alathur, Taluk District,
1 Taluk Thiruporur
District Kanchipuram
State Tamil Nadu
Latitude 12°41'28.97"N
2
Longitude 80°11'28.31"E
Elevation above mean sea level
3 6m
(MSL)
4 Topography Plain
5 Present land use at the site SIDCO, Alathur
Rajiv Gandhi IT express highway (49A)-
6 Nearest Highway/Road
2km (aerial distance)
7 Defence Installations Nil
8 Nearest Railway Station Chengalpattu 23 km
9 Nearest airport Chennai Airport 34 km
10 Nearest village Vengaleri- 1.28 km
11 Nearest town or settlement Thiruporrur Town 4km
12 Water body Nil
13 Hills/valleys Nil
Archaeologically important Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) at an
14
places aerial distance of 7.5kms
Nearest place of Mahabalipuram (Mamallapuram) at an
15
Tourist/Religious importance aerial distance of 7.5kms
Ecologically sensitive areas
(National parks/ Wildlife
Nil
sanctuaries/bio-sphere
reserves)
16 Reserved/Protected forests Edyankuppam Reserve forest
17 Seismicity Zone III seismic zone map of India 2002
Actavis Pharma manufacturing ltd,
List of major industries (SIPCOT
18 Amrutanjan Health Care limited,
Complex)
Amrutanjan Pharma limited,
Page 34

Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
Ltd,
Tamman Tittoe Pharma Pvt Ltd,
Baxter India Pvt Ltd,
MK Aromatics and S.V.Chem
Intermediates
Note: All the distances given in above table are aerial distances from the Existing Manufacturing Facility.
1.7 Justification and Need for the Project

Bulk drugs manufactured in APDL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. Enormous amount of bulk drug products from India are exported to Global
markets. To remain as a significant player in the market and to meet the increasing demand of
bulk drugs in India and abroad, ADPL has proposed the enhancement of existing capacity along
with one new additional product in the category of bulk drug products.
1.8 Employment Generation

The existing plant has provided direct employment to more than 100 people and indirect
employment (contract worker) to more than 40 people in the industries and service
organisation and material handling etc, which will be supported by the operations of plant.
1.9 Need for the EIA study

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification issued by Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under Environment Protection Act 2006,
Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries are required to obtain Environmental Clearance for any
expansion or modernisation.
Since the proposed enhancement project, the subject project falls under category “B1” under
sector 5(f) of the EIA Notification, 2006 and its amendment. The existing site is located in the
SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram District, hence the public
consultation has been exempted as per MoEF&CC, OM Dated 07.12.2014 & 04.04.2016, in
respect of small scale undertakings located in designated industrial area industrial estates.
Page 35
1.10 Project Screening (Cat B) and ToR

The proposed enhancement project was appraised by the State Expert Appraisal Committee
(SEAC) Tamil Nadu during, the 93rd State Expert Appraisal Committee meeting item 93-05 held
on 11th August to 12th August 2017 and the project was accorded Terms of Reference (ToR) vide
File no. SEIAA-TN/F-6427/SEAC-XCIII/5(f)/TOR-283/2017 Dated 21.08.2017 with additional
condition and the copy of the ToR is enclosed as Annexure 2.
1.11 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study

The EIA study was undertaken in conformity with the guidelines of Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), covering all the aspects of the specific conditions
mentioned in the terms of reference issued by MoEF &CC.
This EIA study was undertaken by M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services, a NABET accredited
EIA consulting organisation with specific project related inputs required for undertaking the EIA
studies from the project proponent of M/s. Anjan Drug Private Limited, Alathur.
M/s.Cholamandalam MS Risk Services is authorized to undertake EIA studies for Synthetic

Organic Chemicals industry plants as per the NABET accreditation scheme. A copy of the
accreditation status is presented in Annexure 3.
1.12 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA study

The Environmental Impact Assessment Report was prepared based on the Standard ToR given
by SEIAA, Tamil Nadu. A summary compliance statement to the specific conditions of the terms
of reference is presented in Annexure 4.
The environmental impact assessment study team headed by an accredited EIA Coordinator
along with the approved Functional Area Experts has undertaken detailed baseline studies from
24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017 Various physiochemical parameters such as meteorology,
air quality, water quality, noise level recording, and soil quality were undertaken by M/s.
Chennai Testing Lab, Chennai, which is an MoEF&CC and NABL accredited testing agency.
Copies of the accreditation of the lab are presented in Annexure 3. Micro-meteorological data
comprising of hourly readings of wind speed, wind direction, dry bulb temperature, relative
Page 36
humidity, rainfall were measured by installing an onsite meteorological station at the Anjan
Drug plant site. Micro-meteorological data was adopted for generating wind-rose diagrams and
also to predict the ground level concentrations due to release of emissions from the proposed
facility.
Ambient air quality was measured at eight (8) locations in the study area as per the methods
and procedures suggested by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Air quality sampling was
undertaken for period of 12 weeks and a total of 144 samples were taken. Stipulated criteria
pollutants such as particulate matter size less than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter size
less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH 3),
ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzene and Particulate
phase Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) were analyzed at all the locations. The measured background air
quality data was compared with that of the prevailing National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQs) and this will also form the basis for predicting the cumulative air quality scenario due
to operation of the proposed facility.
Ground water samples from 8 locations, Surface water samples from 3 were analyzed for all the
designated parameters. The measured values were compared with drinking water standards.
Secondary data on the regional ground water status was also collected from Central Ground
Water and State Ground Water Board.
All seasonal streams and rivers located within the study area were mapped through latest
remote sensing data under land-use land cover study. Walkthrough surveys were undertaken to
assess the current status of the water resources. The major cropping pattern and irrigation
methods etc were also collected from local village offices and also published district census
data. Surface water quality in the study area were also collected and analysed for designated
physicochemical, elemental and biological parameters.
Land use and land cover was mapped using remote satellite imagery, IRS P6, LISS III satellite
dated 4th July 2016. The data was processed using applicable software models and level 1 and
Page 37
level 2 land use classification within the study area was developed. Digital Elevation Model of
the study area was developed to assess the terrain conditions.
Flora and fauna survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted ecological and
biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-diversity density and
abundance were estimated.
Primary socioeconomic survey was undertaken in the core zone of 2.5 km radius of the study
area to capture the socioeconomic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking water
and sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a specific
reference to the settlements located within 5Km radius of the project site. Based on the
socioeconomic survey, a need based Community Development Plan under Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) was suggested.
A detailed review on the process and material balance of the proposed operations were
undertaken. Water and material balance diagrams were developed for the proposed
enhancement project. In addition a detailed review on the process technology, material
balance, source of raw materials, fuels etc were also studied. A typical review on the process
equipment, various pollution control systems proposed details of wastes and discharges that
are envisaged from the proposed project were also undertaken. Such inputs were adopted
while predicting various environmental impacts due to operation of the facility and also to
suggest an appropriate environmental management plan and environmental monitoring plan.
As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study, an attempt was made to predict the
possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality impacts due to
release of emissions from the proposed project components were modelled using
ISCST3/AERMOD, a USEPA approved model. Ground level concentration of criteria pollutants
such as particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen was estimated using the same
model. Hourly meteorological data generated at the project site was adopted to assess ground
level concentrations. 2nd Highest ground level concentrations were predicted and concentration
isopleths of the above mentioned pollutants were plotted. The predicted ground level
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concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the prevailing baseline

concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely cumulative post project
scenario and such values were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Noise generating sources and the expected noise levels (with and without control measures)
were estimated and were evaluated with the NAAQS w.r.t noise as prescribed by the MoEF&CC.
In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from community
development plans under CSR programs in the vicinity of the project site were also studied.
Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive environmental

management plan was developed covering the following aspects: construction phase
environmental management plan, air quality management plan, noise and water quality
management plan, wastewater treatment, reuse, recycling and disposal program, solid and
hazardous waste collection, storage and disposal program, socioeconomic and community
development plan. An outline of the proposed environmental management plan is presented in
this report.
In addition to this, Project site is located in SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Tamil Nadu. Hence,
the public consultation has been exempted as per the MoEF &CC, OM Dated 07.12.2014 &
04.04.2016, located in a designated industrial area.
A preliminary risk assessment study will be undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any, due
to storage and handling of solvents due to the proposed project. Based on the risk assessment
study, recommendations were suggested to ensure that necessary emergency response plan is
adopted.
1.13 Regulatory Context

The following environmental laws are applicable to the proposed project: Environment
Protection Act 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Storage and handling of hazardous material, Hazardous waste
(management and handling) rules.
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The following guidelines and regulations are applicable for the proposed project: EIA
Notification and its amendments, Emission and wastewater discharge standards stipulated by
Ministry of Environment and Forests and Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Noise level
standards, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, minimum stack height requirements
specified by Central Pollution Control Board etc.
1.13.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
The criteria pollutants that are regulated under the Environmental Protection Act are
Particulate Matter size less than 10 microns (PM10), Particulate Matter size less than 2.5
microns (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH 3), Ozone (O3),
Carbon Monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzene and Particulate phase
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP). Summary of the Ambient Air Quality standards are presented in
Table1.2.
Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Concentration in Ambient Air
Time Weighted Industrial, Ecologically sensitive
Pollutant
Average Residential, Rural area (notified by
and Other area central government)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Annual Average* 50 20
(µg/m3) 24 hrs** 80 80
Nitrogen dioxide Annual Average* 40 30
3
(NO2) (µg/m ) 24 hrs ** 80 80
Particulate Matter Annual Average* 60 60
(Size less than 10 µg)
24 hrs ** 100 100
(PM10) (µg/m3)
Particulate Matter Annual Average* 40 40
(Size less than 2.5 µg)
24 hrs ** 60 60
(PM2.5) (µg/m3)
8 hrs ** 100 100
Ozone (O3) (µg/m3)
1 hrs ** 180 180
Annual Average* 0.5 0.5
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3)
24 hrs ** 1.0 1.0
Carbon monoxide 8 hrs ** 2 2
3
(CO) (mg/m ) 1 hrs ** 4 4
Ammonia (NH3) Annual Average* 100 100
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Concentration in Ambient Air

Time Weighted Industrial, Ecologically sensitive
Pollutant
Average Residential, Rural area (notified by
and Other area central government)
(µg/m3) 24 hrs ** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6)
3 Annual* 5 5
(µg/m )
Benzo(a) Pyrene
(BaP)- Particulate Annual* 1 1
phase only (ng/m3)
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) Annual* 6 6
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) Annual* 20 20
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24
hourly at uniform intervals.
** 24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a
year. However 2% of the time, it may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
1.13.2 Air Emissions Discharge Standards
According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) emission discharge standards for
synthetic Organic Chemicals industry, the boiler emissions standards will be applicable as per
the existing emission regulations. Particulate matter emissions from point source emissions
from plant should not exceed 50 mg/Nm3.
1.13.3 Minimum Stack Height Standards
According to the environmental protection rules, a minimum stack height will be defined based
on the total SO2 emission released from the stack using empirical formula (14 x (Q)0.3), where Q
is expressed in SO2 emission rate in Kg/hr).
1.13.4 Work-Zone Noise Standards
Noise levels in the work-zone area should not exceed 85 dB(A) for a cumulative exposure time
of eight hours. The Central Pollution Control Board has finalized the Ambient Air Quality
standards in respect of Noise under Section 16 (2) (h) of the Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987 as follows:
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Table 1-3 General Noise Standards

Limits in dB(A) Leq
Area Code Category of Area
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone 50 40
Definition
Day time: between 6 AM and 10 PM, Night time: Between 10 PM and 6 AM
Silence Zone: Areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions
and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular
horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.
1.13.5 Drinking Water Specification as per IS 10500:2012
Drinking water shall comply with the requirements given in Tables 1.4
Table 1-4 Organoleptic and Physical Parameters

Permissible Limit in the Absence of
S.No. Characteristic
Alternate Source
i Colour, Hazen units, Max 15
ii Odour Agreeable
iii pH value No relaxation
iv Taste Agreeable
v Turbidity, NTU, Max 5
vi Total dissolved solids,
2000
mg/l, Max
Vii Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max No relaxation
Viii Total hardness (as CaCO3), 600
iX Total alkalinity as calcium
600
carbonate, mg/l, Max
1.13.6 Treated wastewater discharge standards- Synthetic Organic Industries

The treated wastewater discharge standards as per the consent issued by Environmental
protection Rules, 1986 are presented in Table.1.5.
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Table 1-5 Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents

S.No Parameters Limiting Standards
Compulsory Parameters
1 pH 6.0 – 8.5
2 Oil & Grease 10 mg/l
3 BOD (3 days at 27°C) 100 mg/l
4 COD No limits
5 Minimum 90% survival of fish after first
Bio-Assay Test
96 hours in 100 % effluent
Additional parameters
5 Nitrates (as N) 10 mg/l
6 Mercury 0.01 mg/l
7 Arsenic 0.20 mg/l
8 Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) 0.10 mg/l
9 Total Chromium 1.0 mg/l
10 Lead 0.10 mg/l
11 Zinc 0.5 mg/l
12 Copper 2.0 mg/l
13 Nickel 2.0 mg/l
14 Cyanide as CN 0.20 mg/l
15 Phenolics (C6H3OH) 5.0 mg/l
16 Sulphides (as S) 2.0 mg/l
Note: All values are given in mg/l except pH
No limit for COD is prescribed but it shall be monitored. If the COD in a treated effluent is persistently greater than
250 mg/l, such industrial units are required to identify chemicals causing the same. In case these are found to be
toxic as defined in Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989 in Part I of Schedule-I, the State Boards in such cases may direct
the industries to install tertiary treatment system stipulated time limit. This may be done on case to case basis.
The treated wastewater discharge standards have been prescribed in the Environmental
Pollution Rules, 1986 under Schedule VI. The standards for discharge of treated effluent into
inland surface waters, public sewers, land for irrigation and marine coastal areas for criteria
pollutants as prescribed by CPCB is given in Table.1.6.
Table 1-6 General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants (Effluents)

Standards
S.No Parameter Inland Surface Public Land for
Marine Coastal areas
water sewer irrigation
Suspended Solids 1. For process
1 100 600 200
(mg/l) wastewater – 100
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Standards
S.No Parameter Inland Surface Public Land for
Marine Coastal areas
water sewer irrigation
2. For cooling water
effluent – 10 percent
above total
suspended matter of
influent
2 pH 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
Shall not
exceed 50C Shall not exceed 5 0C
3 Temperature above the - - above the receiving
receiving water water temperature
temperature
4 Oil and Grease (mg/l) 2 10 10 20
Total residual chlorine
5 1 - - 1
(mg/l)
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
6 50 50 - 50
(mg/l)
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
7 100 - - 100
(as NH3) (mg/l)
Free Ammonia (as NH 3)
8 5 - - 5
(mg/l)
9 BOD (mg/l) 30 350 100 100
10 COD (mg/l) 250 - - 250
11 Arsenic (mg/l) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
12 Lead (mg/l) 0.1 1.0 - 2
13 Fluoride (mg/l) 2 15 - 15
Dissolved phosphates
14 5 - - -
(mg/l)
15 Sulphide (mg/l) 2 - - 5
Phenolic compounds
16 1 5 - 5
(mg/l)
17 Iron (mg/l) 3 3 - 3
18 Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/l) 10 - - 20
1.13.7 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2015
The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, has enacted the above rules so
as to ensure effective collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception, import and disposal
Page 44
of hazardous wastes. Any occupier or unit, generating hazardous wastes and involved in the
collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception import and disposal of hazardous wastes
should obtain authorisation of the Pollution Control Board.
All units generating or handling hazardous wastes more than the regulatory quantities will have
to apply for the authorisation of the Board in a prescribed form. In the rules introduced in the
year 2015, Schedule I, rule 3 (1) (17) (i) 38 categories of processes generating hazardous wastes
were listed. The Table 1.7 gives standards applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry.
Table 1-7 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry
S. No Processes Hazardous waste
1 5. Industrial operations using 5.1 Used/spent oil
mineral/synthetic oil as lubricant in 5.2 Wastes/residues containing oil
hydraulic systems or other applications
2 21. Production and/or industrial use of 21.1 Wastes and residues
paints, pigments, lacquers, varnishes, 21.2 Fillers residues
plastics and inks
3 26. Production or industrial use of 26.1 Process waste sludge/residues
synthetic dyes, dye-intermediates containing acid or other toxic metals or
and pigments organic complexes
26.2 Chemical sludge from waste water
treatment
26.3 Dust from air filtration system
4 33. Disposal of barrels / containers used 33.1 Chemical-containing residue from
for handling of hazardous wastes / decontamination and disposal
chemicals 33.2 Sludge from treatment of waste water
arising out of cleaning / disposal of barrels
/ containers
33.3 Discarded containers / barrels / liners
used for hazardous wastes/chemicals
5 35.Purification process for organic 35.1 Filters and filter material which have
compounds/solvents Organic liquids in them, e.g. mineral oil,
synthetic oil and organic chlorine
compounds
35.2 Spent catalyst*
35.3 Spent carbon*
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1.14 Structure of the EIA Report

This EIA report is structured into ten chapters as below:
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2– (Details of the Existing Facilities and environmental Compliance) Overview of the
of the existing facilities and consents issued (CTE, CTO etc), Air pollution sources, stacks as per
the consent and summary of the emission test results, Water allocation, Water consumption
and water balance in the existing facility, Wastewater quality and effluent treatment plant (ETP)
data, Summary of various environmental monitoring programs adopted, Details of the
environmental management cell.
Chapter 3- (Details of the Proposed Project) presents details of the proposed Products, process
and material balance, raw-materials and energy balance and details of various supporting
facilities required for the project, and an outline of the project cost and project implementation
schedules.
Chapter 4 – (Baseline Environmental Status) presents a comprehensive description of the

baseline environmental conditions of the study area including site specific mixing heights and
ground level inversion conditions. This includes the data obtained from primary surveys and
also secondary published data from various authentic sources. All the specified environmental
components such as meteorological data, air quality, noise levels, surface and ground water
resources, surface and ground water quality, geological and mineralogical features, soil quality,
land use and land cover in the study area, cropping pattern, ecological and biological
environmental conditions and socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the Plant site. All the
relevant aspects as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) were thoroughly addressed.
Chapter 5 – (Prediction of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures) presents the

environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and
discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under
project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational phase
environmental impacts.
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Chapter 6 –Analysis of Alternatives
Chapter 7- Environmental Monitoring Program
Chapter 8 – (Additional Studies) this chapter describes various additional studies carried out
for the project. Qualitative Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation Plan present the risk mitigation
plan, a preliminary onsite emergency and disaster management plan. These details are given in
this chapter.
Chapter 9 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project.
Chapter 10- (Environmental Management Plan) depicts the summary of proposed

environmental management plan.
Chapter 11 – (Conclusion) presents the Conclusion of EIA report.
Chapter 12 – (Disclosure and Declaration by Consultant) presents the declaration by the EIA
consultant organisation as per the NABET requirements.
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Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017718-
EIA for the Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity
1315
Chapter 2-Details of Existing
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur
Facilities and Environmental
Compliance
2 DETAILS OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
2.1 Overview of the Existing Facilities
This section presents an overview of the existing facilities of ADPL, Alathur and its
environmental compliance aspects and Environmental Program implemented in the existing
facility.
The existing facility at SIDCO Industrial estate, Alathur was commissioned in the year 1991
for manufacturing eight bulk drugs with a valid consent to operate issued by Tamil Nadu
State Pollution Control Board. The existing facility is located at the S.No 237 /1(p), 235(p),
236(p), Plot no: 109,110,115&116, SIDCO Industrial estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk,
Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The existing land was purchased from SIDCO and the sale
deed agreement is attached as Annexure 1. At present ADPL, Alathur facility is
manufacturing only one product (Valproic acid & salts). The present production status of the
APDL is presented in the Table2.1.
Table 2-1 Present Products Manufactured at ADPL, Alathur
S.No Products Capacity (TPM) Current Status
1 Valproic Acid & Salts 10 Manufacture
2 Vanillin 5
3 Erythromycin salt 1.25
4 Mebendazole 0.125 Not manufactured due
5 Guain Fensin 1 to the market
6 Ethyl Vanilin 2 conditions
7 Phenyl Propanolamine 1
8 Clatrimazole 0.125
Total Manufacturing capacity as per
20.5 TPM
consent
2.2 Summary of the Existing Environmental Compliance

ADPL has obtained NOC from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board on 09.08.2000 for
expansion of existing bulk drug unit and has obtained Environmental Clearances from the
MoEF&CC vide letter no. No.J-11011/06/2002-IA II (I), dated 27th December 2004 for the
expansion of existing bulk drug units for manufacturing of additional products like Valproic
Acid and salts (10,000 Kg/m), Guain fensin (1000 Kg/m), Ethyl Vanillin (2000 Kg/m), Vanillin
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Compliance
(5000 Kg/m) and Phenyl propanolamine (1000) Kg/m at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur,
Tamil Nadu. The copy of the Environmental Clearance is enclosed as Annexure 5 (a).
The existing facility had submitted application for CTO expansion in the year 1999 and
subsequently the CTO for the expansion project was accorded by TNPCB in 2007. CTO for
the facility is periodically renewed and the current CTO is valid until 31 st March 2018 and
copy of the same is presented in Annexure 5 (b). Although the facility is consented to
produce about 20.5 TPM of bulk drugs, due to lack of market demand some of the products
are not manufactured and the peak production in the plant was limited.
The existing facility had obtained consent for operation from TNPCB stated in the consent
order no 170814803691 dated on 29/05/2017 manufacturing the bulk drugs. The existing
facility has obtained the consent to operate for manufacturing eight types of bulk drugs with
capacity of 20.5 TPM.
The unit is regularly submitting the Environmental compliance report to the Regional Office
of MoEF &CC and ADPL has complied with all conditions of the Environmental Clearance
issued by MoEF&CC. The recent monitoring by Regional Officer, MoEF&CC, and Chennai was
conducted on 09.08.2017 and the certified copy of the compliance report, vide no F. No.
EP/12.1/346/TN/1276, dated 10.08.2017 was obtained and it states that ADPL complies
with all the conditions stipulated in the Environmental Clearance issued by MoEF & CC.
The copy of the certified compliance report for the existing environmental clearances is
enclosed as Annexure 6.
2.3 Land use

The existing facility was built in two (2) acres land and consisting of two manufacturing
blocks, surrounded by raw material storage, Admin engineering block, pilot plant followed
by other utility blocks. The existing facility land break up is given in the Table 2.2 and
existing plant layout is shown in Figure 2.1 and enclosed as Annexure7.
Table 2-2 Land Area Break up

Area Type Existing (Acres)
Built up area 0.82
Storage Area 0.0035
Green Belt 0.12
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Area Type Existing (Acres)

Vacant area 1.048
Total Area 2
ZLD area
Figure 2-1 Existing Plant layout
Hazardous
waste storage
Manufacturing
Block-1
FO & Diesel
storage
QC Lab
Manufacturing
Canteen Block-2
Boiler
house
Electrical
Panel room
Admin &
Engineering Block
Raw material Storage
Solvent Storage
2.4 Pilot plant
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Compliance
2.5 Process Description of the Existing facilities

The existing production capacity of the Valproic acid & Salts product is 10TPM and will be
continued and increased upto 100TPM due to the market conditions. Intermediate Di-
Propyl Malonic Acid (DPMA) is being procured locally. Prior, all stages of manufacture of
Valproic acid was from the basic stage starting from Di-Ethyl Malonate (DEM) and involves
five stage processes to bring the finished product. Currently the penultimate stage namely
Di-Propyl Malonic Acid (DPMA) is procured as raw material.
2.5.1 Production Process of Valproic Acid & Salts
DPMA (Dipropyl Malonic Acid) will be heated with steam of temperature having 140 0C. The
water vapour generated will be collected and sent to ETP for further treatment. Next stage
involves removal of carbon dioxide from the mixture. The mixture will be cooled and stirred.
The next step involves the washing of the crude product with water and the same will be
collected and treated in the ETP.
The formed Valproic base will be added with different mineral salts to form Valproic salts
according to the requirement. The main salts that will be manufactured are given below
Sodium Valproate salt :Valproic acid will be reacted with sodium hydroxide to
produce sodium Valproate
Divalproex Sodium salt: Valproic acid will be reacted with and sodium hydroxide and
water to produce Divalproex Sodium
Magnesium Valproate salt: Valproic acid will be reacted with water and magnesium
oxide to produce Magnesium Valproate.
The manufacturing process of Valproic acid & Salts is presented in Figure 2.2 and material
balance of the product is presented in the Table2.3
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Figure 2-2 Manufacture of Valproic Acid
DPMA REACTOR
2000Kg DPMA (25% MIXTURE
moisture content
STRIPPER, DE Co2: 450 kg

Steam: 3150 Kg CARBOXYLATION & Steam Condensate: 3150kg
DISTILLATION
Waste water: 500 kg
400Kg water WASHING

Waste water: 400 kg
Steam Condensate: 3600 kg

Steam: 3600kg FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION Residue: 50 kg
Waste water: Waste water: 520 kg

633 kg Mgo + Water: 633kg NaOH + Water =520 kg
kg
Valproic Acid:
REACTOR REACTOR DISTILLATION
DISTILLATION 1000kg
NaOH : 575kg REACTOR Divalproex Sodium
DISTILLATION Waste water: 475 kg

Magnesium
Valporate
Sodium Valporate
Table 2-3 Material Balance of the Valproic acid & Salts

Waste Water including
Product
Quantity Steam Condensate
S.No Raw Materials
(Kg) Amount
Particular Particular Amount (kg)
(kg)
1 DPMA (25% moisture) 2000 Waste water 2528
2 Water 1200 Condensate 6750
Valproic
3 Steam 6750 1100 Residues 50
Acids & Salts
4 Magnesium Oxide 233
Co2 450
5 Sodium hydroxide 695
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2.6 Tank Farm Details

The existing facilities consists of six tanks, the following are the details of storage facilities is
given in Table 2.4.
Table 2-4 Details of storage tank in the Existing Facility

S. Material Capacity of the
Tanks
No Stored Tank (m3)
1 Furnace oil storage tank 15 kl x 2 nos Furnace oil 30 kl
2 Diesel storage tank Diesel 15 kl
3 Vertical storage tank (6 Nos.) - 72 Kl
4 Vertical storage tank (2 Nos) - 30 kl
Figure 2-3 Photographs of the Storage tanks at the Existing Plant
Diesel Storage Tank Furnace Oil Tank
Vertical Storage Tanks
2.7 Steam and Fuel Requirement

Furnace oil is being used as fuel in the boiler in the existing facility for the generation for
steam. The existing facility consists of two boilers with a capacity of 3TPH and 1.5 TPH each.
At present only one boiler (1.5 TPH) is operated to meet the steam demand in the plant and
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details of the boiler are given in Table 2.5. The average furnace oil consumption in the 1.5
TPH existing boiler is about 1.5 TPD for the steam generation. The existing steam
requirement in the plant is 0.2 TPH. About 0.25TPD of diesel is used as fuel for DG sets.
Table 2-5 Details of Existing Boilers

S. No Description Details
1 Capacity of Boiler 3 TPH (Stand by) 1.5 TPH
2 Fuel Used Furnace Oil Furnace Oil
3 Make Thermax Thermax
Maximum working
4 10.5 Kg/sec2 10.5 Kg/sec2
Pressure
Table 2-6 Details of Fuels Used in the Existing Facility

S. No. Description Units Existing facility
1 Furnace Oil for boiler TPD 1.5
2 Diesel for DG set TPD 0.25
2.8 Power Requirement

The maximum electrical energy demand in the existing plant is about 120 KVA which is being
sourced from Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO). As
back-up power 3 no’s of DG sets having capacity of 62.5KVA, 250KVA, 320KVA is available in
the existing plant.
2.9 Cooling Tower in the Existing Facility

Cooling towers are a special type of heat exchanger that allows water and air to come in
contact with each other to lower the temperature of the hot water. During this process,
small volumes of water evaporate, lowering the temperature of the water that's being
circulated throughout the cooling tower. Cooling is required for process equipments,
chillers, air compressors etc. Air cooled systems are used for air conditioning applications.
Raw water is used for make-up applications in the cooling towers. The existing cooling tower
details are presented below:
Table 2-7 Cooling Tower for Products Manufacturing

Location Ground level
Type Forced draft
Tons of Refrigeration 220 m3/hr
Pressure 2.5 Kg
Cycle of Concentration 3
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2.10 Existing Pollution Sources and Management

The major air pollution sources of the existing plant are through industrial processes and
fugitive emissions from activities. The quantities and the composition of the gaseous, liquid
and solid waste that are generated in the plant are regulated such that their final disposal
into the environment meets all the statutory requirements and the environmental impacts
are minimized. Material Safety Data Sheet for all the chemicals are being used and it is
enclosed as Annexure.9.
2.10.1 Stack Emissions and Compliance
ADPL has already installed adequate Air Pollution Control Measures to confirm to the norms
of National Ambient Air quality Standards. Stack emissions monitoring has been monitored
by TNPCB (Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board) annually. The test reports of Air Quality
Monitoring and stack emission monitoring undertaken by Tamil Nadu State Pollution
Control Board (TNPCB) are presented in Annexure 9. It is noted that air quality at the facility
was found to be within the stipulated standards. Online continuous stack monitoring is
carried out and the real time data of SO2, NOx, PM are transmitted to Tamil Nadu Pollution
Control Board (TNPCB). The details of the existing air pollution sources with control
measures are presented in Table 2.8.
Table 2-8 Air Pollution Sources & Control Measures in the Existing Facility
Air Pollution Control
S.No Name of the Source Stack Height (m)
Measure Installed
Furnace Oil Fired Boiler Installed Baffle box
1 30
(1.5TPH capacity& 3 TPH) before Stack
2 Spray drier 20 Wet Scrubbers
3 Diesel Generator 320 KVA 5 Stack
4 Diesel Generator 250 KVA 5 Stack
The stack emission PCB data of the recent analysis conducted is given in Table 2.9. The test
report of TNPCB is enclosed as Annexure 9.
Table 2-9 Summary of Stack Emission Monitoring Data-TNPCB

Stack Connected to PM, mg/Nm3 SO2, mg/Nm3 NOx, mg/Nm3
Boiler 3 TPH 57 78 31
Boiler 1.5 TPH 46 56 23
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Stack Connected to PM, mg/Nm3 SO2, mg/Nm3 NOx, mg/Nm3

DG 320 KVA 73 13 38
DG 250 KVA 63 7 33
Report TNPCB/DEL/MMN/Air Survey/F.No.2/SM/2016-2017, Dated 10.03.2017
The ambient air quality monitoring TNPCB data of the recent analysis conducted is given in
Table 2.10. The test reports of TNPCB are enclosed as Annexure 9.
Table 2-10 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data-TNPCB

S.No AAQ Location PM, µg/m3 SO2, µg/m3 NOx, µg/m3 Total VOC, ppm
On top of the Scaffolding
1 51 14 19 0.856
near ETP
2 45 12 17 0.960
near Boiler
3 69 18 24 -
near Admin Block
4 55 16 21 -
near Pilot Plant
5 82 20 26 0.568
near Storage Yard
Report TNPCB/DEL/MMN/Air Survey/F.No.2/AAQS/2016-2017, Dated 10.03.2017
2.10.2 Noise Levels

The Noise Level Monitoring has been monitored by the TNPCB annually. Inbuilt acoustic
enclosures are provided for the DG sets to reduce the noise. Noise levels at the facility are
well within the stipulated levels. The ambient Noise monitoring of TNPCB data of the recent
analysis conducted is given in Table 2.11. The test report of TNPCB is enclosed as Annexure
9.
Table 2-11 Summary of Noise Monitoring Data-TNPCB

S. No Noise Monitoring Location Leq
1 Near ETP 49.9
2 In front of QC laboratory 67.7
3 Adjacent to Boiler 63.1
4 Near Admin Block 65.8
5 In front of Pilot Plant 70.6
6 Adjacent to Storage Yard 58.1
It is observed that the values are well within the Ambient Noise Level Standards for
industrial zone prescribed for day and night by the CPCB.
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2.11 Existing Water Requirement

The existing facility is sourcing fresh water form SIDCO industrial estate. The existing water
consumption of the facility is 6.3m3/day breakup of the same is presented in the Table 2.12.
Table 2-12 Existing Water Consumption

Water Consumption Quantity (m3/day)
Process 2.8
Cooling & Boiler feed 2
Domestic 1.5
Total 6.3
2.12 Existing Wastewater generation
Wastewater generated from the existing facility is 1.2 m3/day and sewage of 1m3/day. The
existing facility is having ETP followed by Multiple Effect Evaporator System. The existing
ETP is having a capacity of 17m3/day and MEE capacity of 750 lit/hr. Scheme of Effluent
Treatment Plant is given below and the existing wastewater quality is given in Table 2.13.
Sewage will be sent to SIDCO industrial estate common STP. The Block diagram of the ETP is
given in Figure 2.5. All the effluents from the process plants and utilities are received in a
collection tank of 20 kl and pump into the neutralization tank/flash mixer to adjusting the
pH of effluent by adding acid or base. It is subjected to settling tank of capacity 6 kl and
pumped into the sludge separation layer to separate the layers, after that it will sent to the
MEE. Online effluent monitoring system is in place to monitor inlet and outlet flow, pH, TSS,
COD, BOD as per the CPCB and TNPCB guidelines. The online effluent monitoring data is
connected to TNPCB and CPCB server. The test reports of Treated waste water are enclosed
as Annexure.10.
Figure 2-4 Photographs of Existing ETP
Waste Water Treatment System Multiple Effect Evaporator
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Figure 2-5 ETP Block Diagram
Table 2-13 Characteristics of Effluent

Average (as per External lab Test report)
S.No Parameters Unit
Raw wastewater MEE Condensate I & II
1 pH at 25°C - 4.82 8.41
Total Suspended 104
2 mg/l 2128
solids
3 BOD mg/l 980 5.5
4 COD mg/l 3680 39
5 Total Alkalinity mg/l 220 24
6 Oil & Grease mg/l BDL(<4) BDL(<4)
7 Cyanide mg/l BDL (<0.05) BDL (<0.05)
8 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL (<0.03) BDL (<0.03)
Hexavalent
9 mg/l BDL (<0.01) BDL (<0.01)
Chromium as Cr6+
2.13 Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generation and Disposal

The details of solid waste (both hazardous & non-hazardous) generated from the existing
plant are given in Table 2.14 along with quantity and disposal methods. ADPL has obtained
authorization from the Tamil Nadu pollution Control (TNCB authorization No.2786 dated
24.11.2011) for the disposal of hazardous waste. The copy of the TNPCB authorization is
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enclosed as Annexure 11. ADPL has applied for the renewal of Hazardous waste
authorization.
Table 2-14 Solid Waste Generation & Disposal Methods in the Existing Facility
Existing Activity for which
Name of Process Categories
Quantity (TPA) Authorization issued
Disposal to M/s Tamil Nadu
Process Residue and
28.1 0.9 Waste Management Limited,
wastes
Gummidipoondi
Disposal to Authorized/
Used/Spent Oil 5.1 0.05
Registered recyclers
Discarded containers/
barrels/ liners
contaminated with 33.3 3.7
hazardous waste/
chemicals
Flue Gas cleaning Disposal to M/s Tamil Nadu
residue (Boiler Ash 34.1 0.25 Waste Management Limited,
waste) Gummidipoondi
Chemical Sludge from
34.3 0.2 Waste Management Limited,
waste water treatment
Gummidipoondi
2.14 Leak Detection and Repair Program for VOC, LDAR Sampling Data
ADPL has been adopting Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) for fugitive VOC emissions in the
plant. The test reports indicated that the VOC levels from the equipment are well within the
international bench marks for the chemical industries. LDAR monitoring data is presented in
Annexure 12. As per the CPCB guidelines no components are detected more than the
standard values of 3000 ppmv and 5000 ppmv.
2.15 Fire Fighting Systems

The fire pump is kirlosker Brothers ltd., make, model-UP-150/45, size 200X150mm, Split
Casing Single Stage Centrifugal Pump of STD. Fitted CONSTN with Bronze Impeller having
capacity to deliver 171m3/hr developing 70mtrs total head with coupling Guard.
The pump is provided with self-liquid sealing and standard gland packing arrangement with
graphite asbestos cotton rope. The shaft is provided with antifriction ball bearing at driving
and non-driving end. Bearing are grease lubrication and effectively sealed to prevent loss of
lubricant, entry of dust and water. The direction of rotation is clock wise when from driving
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end. Required numbers of hoses, branch pipes, are available in the area. The pumps and
motors are dedicated separately to the DG set for power failure.
Fire Alarm System is provided in all the ware houses of QC Lab, Control rooms, DG area,
computer room and process areas. Smoke Detectors, Heat Detectors & Flame Arrestors are
placed in different locations. When any fire/smoke/flame is noticed, immediately hooter in
respective area and a common hooter located in security room will activate. The exact
location of fire/smoke/flame will be displayed in the panel. Persons immediately rush to the
spot and handle the situation.
Figure 2-6 Photographs of the fire Fighting System in the Existing Facility
Fire Network in the Air cooled Cooling Towers Fire Pumps (Jockey Pumps)
Water Sprinkler System Fire house
2.16 Rainwater Harvesting System & Strom Water Management System

ADPL has the adequate rain water harvesting and storm drainage system. The storm water
in the project area will be collected through existing storm water drains to ensure that this is
totally separated from process effluent. The excess storm water will be connected to the
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SIDCO main storm water drain. Rainwater harvesting system is also provided to recharge the
ground water and the rain water is also collected through the restoration pond.
Storm Water Drainage System Rain Water Storage Sump

2.17 Existing Green Belt and Plantation
ADPL has developed a plantation and greenbelt activities in the existing facility. Out of 2
acres of the total extent of the land, 0.12 acres are developed as Green Belt. The existing
facility green belt is presented in Figure 2.7.
Figure 2-7 Existing Green Cover in the Facility
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2.18 Occupational Health Programs

ADPL strives to provide safe and healthy workplace for the employees through various
engineering control measures, work place monitoring and provision of necessary facilities
for maintaining safe and healthy atmosphere at the work place. The following points
represent the occupational health and safety measures adopted by ADPL at the facility.
The facility is equipped with a fully fledged Occupational Health Centre within the
factory premises.
The OHC facility at the plant is provided with the necessary equipments and drugs
such as
AED (automated external defibrillator)
First Aid drugs
Emergency drugs
Breathe Analyzer
Electric torch
Tetanus toxoid
Dressing forceps
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Syringes
Rubber bandage
wash bottles
24 hours transport services during any accident and paramedical emergency.
Attendees are appointed at OHC to provide nursing assistance to the employees at
the plant.
Periodical assessments are conducted for the employees at the plant through work
place monitoring by the external medical officer and annual examination by the local
Hospital to monitor their health.
As a part of the occupational health surveillance program the following medical tests
are taken up such as;
Pre - employment medical checkup at the time of employment
Blood tests – complete biological monitoring
Urine tests – complete biological monitoring
Electrocardiogram
Chest X-ray
CNS
Good housekeeping is practiced at the plant by adopting appropriate systems for the
rubbish collection at various locations and its disposal and also by appointing
adequate number of personnel for housekeeping.
First aid boxes provided with medicines are kept at vulnerable places inside the
Plant.
Periodic trainings are conducted for first aid, AED training etc.
Proper documentation is maintained that includes a health register, individual health
report and abnormality register.
For meeting the toxic hazard emergency and for preventing accidents arising out of
spillage of various chemicals and operating personnel, personal protective
equipments such as respirator, helmet, protective safety glass, face mask etc. are
provided and the need based extra PPE will be assessed and provided to the
respective location personnel.
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Agreement copy of hospital with ADPL and the copy of the sample annual health status of
the employees are given as Annexure 13.
Figure 2-8 Photographs of the Facilities at Occupational Health centre
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 3-Details of Proposed
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Project
3 DETAILS OF PROPOSED PROJECT
This chapter illustrates the details of the proposed project indicating the requirement of project
facilities including raw materials, utilities and services, land and infrastructural facilities. The
sources of waste generation due to the proposed project are highlighted with the quantity,
treatment and final disposal.
3.1 Overview of the Proposed Project

The proposed project involves enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic acid
& salts) and addition of a new product (Gabapentin) based upon the present market conditions.
Production of other seven consented products will not be manufactured during the post
enhancement of production capacity. Hence the existing production capacity of 20.5 TPM will
be enhanced to 200 TPM through two designated products as stated above.
While Valproic acid & salts are being manufactured from the initial phases/stages of the process
in the existing facility, it has been proposed to purchase the intermediate products from the
local market and only final stages of the manufacturing process will be adopted at the existing
facility, this will help not only to increase the production capacity of Valproic acid & salts from
10 TPM to 100 TPM without any additional infrastructure and with marginal increase in
pollution load.
Similarly, the intermediate products required for the manufacture of the proposed product,
Gabapentin will be sourced from the local market. Hence the production of process of
Gabapentin will be limited to final stages with purification only.
Crude product will be sourced locally and final stages i.e. Purification/refining of the product
will be carried out in the proposed enhancement of production capacity of this project. The
proposed enhancement of the production capacity and new product that are going to be
manufactured at APDL, Alathur site are presented in Table 3.1. Overview of the proposed
project is presented in Table 3.2.
Table 3-1 Existing production vs Proposed Enhancement of the Production capacity

Capacity Proposed Production
S. No Products Present Status
(TPM) (TPM)
1 Valproic Acid & Salts 10 To be 100
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Capacity Proposed Production

S. No Products Present Status
(TPM) (TPM)
continued
2 Gabapentin - - 100
3 Vanillin 5
4 Erythromycin salt 1.25 Not Will be dropped from
5 Mebendazole 0.125 manufactured the consented
6 Guain Fensin 1 due to the products and will not
7 Ethyl Vanilin 2 market be manufactured in
8 Phenyl Propanolamine 1 conditions future.
9 Clatrimazole 0.125
Total Manufacturing Capacity 20.5 200
Table 3-2 Overview of the Proposed Project

Consented Production
TPM 20.5 179.5 200
capacity
Steam requirement TPH 0.2 2.8 3
Furnace Oil TPD 1.5 2.25 3.75
Solvent Storage tanks No s 6 No Change 6
Electricity kw 120 530 650
3
Fresh water requirement m /day 6.3 63.7 70
Wastewater generated m3/day 1.2 83.8 85
Acres No Additional
Land requirement 2 Nil
Land required
3.2 Adequacy of the Existing Infrastructure
The proposed project involves enhancement of production capacity of bulk drugs in the existing
facility. Hence naturally no alternative sites are considered. The details of the land break up are
as shown in the Table 3.3. There will not be installation/construction of any infrastructure. The
existing reactors and infrastructure is more than adequate for the proposed enhancement of
production capacity.
Table 3-3 Land use of the ADPL

Area Type Existing (Acres) Proposed(Acres)
Built up area 0.82 No change
Disposal Area 0.0035 No change
Green Belt 0.12 No change
Vacant area 1.048 No change
Total Area 2 No change
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3.3 Proposed Products

The proposed expansion includes the manufacturing of one new product, the details of the
same are presented in the Table 3.4 and the manufacturing processes of the proposed products
are given below.
3.3.1 Manufacture of Proposed product Gabapentin
Crude Gabapentin sourced from local market and other facility is taken to the process for
purification and hence no elaborate manufacturing process will be adopted at the facility under
this enhancement of production capacity program.
Crude Gabapentin along with n-Propanol and water will be distilled for increasing the purity. n-
Propanol is recovered from the top of the column and the bottom residue is taken for
centrifuging to remove NaCl. The residue dried in a drier and milled to desired size. Production
capacity of this product will be 100TPM. The material balance for the process is presented in
the Table 3.4 and the block diagram is given along with material balance is given in Figure 3.1
Table 3-4 Material Balance of Gabapentin

Waste Water including Steam
Quantity Product Recycling to
S.No Raw Material Condensate and Residue
(kg) Quantity the Process
Particular Quantity(Kg)
1 Crude Gabapentin 1120 Waste water 350
steam
2 n-Propanol 7080 Gabapent 2400
n-Propanol condensate
in (1050
3 Water 350 (6880)
kg) Residue 200
4 Steam 2400
Crude 70
Note: Batch process: 1.05 ton/batch, Tons per month = 100, Process time per batch = 24 hrs
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Figure 3-1 Block Diagram of Gabapentin
Crude Gabapentin: 1120 kg Reactor Mixture

N-Propanol: 7080 kg
Water: 350 kg Steam Condensate-
8550Kg
2400 kg Recycled to process
(n-Propanol)
Vacuum
Steam: 2400 kg Distillation N-Propanol:
5700 kg
2850Kg Purification
Process
1380Kg: n-Propanol
Centrifuge
350Kg: Waste water
350kg waste 200kg
70kg: Crude water Residue
Gabapentin: 1050 kg
3.4 Project Requirements

3.4.1 Raw Material Requirement and source
Major raw materials for the proposed products are crude Gabapentin (1120 Kg and n
Proponal (7080 Kg)). Crude Gabapentin sourced from local market and like the existing facility
the mode of transportation of raw materials and finished goods is by road through the trucks
and tankers. The additional raw materials required for the proposed expansion of the facility
will also be transported by road through trucks.
3.5 Steam Demand and Fuel Requirements
At present the existing facility is having full-fledged and adequate boiler capacity of 3 TPH, 1.5
TPH and operated with a steam demand of 0.2 TPH. After the enhancement of proposed
production capacity the steam demand will be increased to 3 TPH which will be met through
existing boilers. The consented fuel capacity in the existing facility is 1.5 TPD of furnace oil is
used as fuel for the 3TPH boiler and 1.5 TPH. For the proposed enhancement of proposed
production capacity the fuel requirement will require additional 2.25 TPD of furnace oil due to
steam demand for post project scenario. If the additional steam demand is not meeting through
the existing boilers, new boiler will be proposed. About 0.25TPD of diesel is used as fuel for DG
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sets and marginal increase by 0.5 TPD is envisaged for post enhancement scenario. The steam
demand and Fuel requirement is presented in Table 3.5.
Table 3-5 Steam Demand and Fuel Requirement for Existing & Proposed
Steam Demand TPH 0.2 2.8 3
Furnace Oil for boiler TPD 1.5 2.25 3.75
Diesel for DG set TPD 0.25 0.5 0.75
3.6 Power Requirement

The peak demand in the existing plant is about 120 KVA which is being sourced from Tamil Nadu
Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO). After the enhancement of
proposed production capacity the additional power of 530 KVA will be required which will also
sourced from TANGEDCO.
As back-up power 3 no’s of DG sets having capacity of 62.5KVA, 250KVA, 320KVA is available in
the existing plant and will not be increased after the enhancement of proposed production
capacity.
3.7 Water and Wastewater

The total water requirement of existing facility is about 6.3 m3/day and after the proposed
enhancement of the production capacity the fresh water requirement will be increased to the
tune of 70 m3/day (6.3+63.7=70 m3/day) which will be sourced from SIDCO.
Out of the total fresh water requirement, 10 m3/day of water will utilized for domestic purposes
and 7 m3/day will be utilized for greenbelt development whereas the remaining 53 m3/day of
fresh water will be utilized for the process. About 75 m3/day of treated wastewater from RO &
MEE will be directly recycled back to the process and the envisaged evaporation losses from the
process will be 43 m3/day.
The water balance diagram showing source, water requirement and wastewater generation &
usage of treated water for post expansion process is shown in Figure 3.2.
Table 3-6 Water Requirement and Wastewater Recycle for Existing and Post Project
S. No Category Unit Existing Post Project
1 Fresh Water Requirement m3/day 6.3 70
2 Wastewater generation m3/day 1.2 85
3 Treated wastewater recycling m3/day - 75
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3.7.1 Wastewater Generation
The total wastewater from process to ETP will be 85 m3/day. 85 m3/day of treated water from
ETP will be further treated in the proposed Two Stage Reverse Osmosis plant. About 58 m3/day
RO treated water will be used as cooling water makeup and 5 m3/day of treated effluent from
ETP outlet will be recycled back to the process. About 22 m3/day of treated wastewater from
RO will be further processed in the multiple effect evaporators to treat the high TDS RO Reject.
After recycling the balance treated wastewater of 12 m3/day will be used in the boiler. The
details of the wastewater generation and recycling for Post project is presented in the
Table.3.7.
Table 3-7 Details of Wastewater Generation

Existing Wastewater Proposed Wastewater
Equipment
Generation(m3/day) Generation(m3/day)
RO Reject - 7
Process 0.3 5
Boiler 0.5 33
Cooling Water 0.4 15
CIP Wash - 25
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Figure 3-2 Water Balance for the Post Expansion
Fresh Water (70 m3/day) 43

70 Evaporation losses
7 5 16 25 0 7 10
Cooling Tower Green Belt Domestic

RO Reject Process Boiler CIP + Wash
Raw water Water Makeup Usage
7 5 33 25 15
85 Recycling Common SIDCO

Recycling water
water = 58 Sewage drain
(5+12=17) ETP
Note: Recycled water 85

5
Evaporation losses RO
145m3/day is the total water 22

consumption out of which 75
m3/day is recycled to the 12 10
Multiple Effect
process. Evaporation losses
Evaporators
All the values are considered
as m3/day
Salts to TSDF
facilities
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3.8 Solid Waste Generation and Disposal

The details of solid waste (both hazardous & non-hazardous) generated for post project
scenarios of the plant are given in Table 3.8 along with quantity and disposal methods. For the
new and increased quantity, application will be made to TNPCB for authorization for disposal.
Existing Post Project Activity for which
(TPA) (TPA) Authorization issued
Disposal to M/s Tamil
Process Residue and Nadu Waste
28.1 0.9 300
wastes Management Limited,
Gummidipoondi
Used/Spent Oil 5.1 0.05 2
Discarded
containers/barrels/liners
contaminated with 33.3 3.7 5
hazardous
waste/chemicals
Flue Gas cleaning residue Nadu Waste
34.1 0.25 45
(Boiler Ash waste) Management Limited,
Gummidipoondi
Chemical Sludge from Nadu Waste
34.3 0.2 20
waste water treatment Management Limited,
Gummidipoondi
3.9 Additional Man Power Required

The Proposed project will generate direct and indirect employment for about 140 persons in the
industries and service organisation and material handling etc, which will be supported by the
operations of plant.
3.10 Project Cost and Implementation

and no additional infrastructure will be required. Hence, no additional budget is required for
this enhancement of production capacity. Existing reactors and existing solvent storage tanks
are more than adequate for the proposed enhancement program. The only cost to be incurred
will be the installation of additional two stage RO system followed by Multiple Effect Evaporator
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which is a part of ZLD system that costs around Rs. 3 crores.
3.11 Project Timeline

As stated above the proposed enhancement of the production capacity will be carried out
within the existing reactors and infrastructure the facility will be carrying out the production
after getting required environmental clearances and compliances.
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EIA for the Proposed Enhancement of Production
Capacity without any Additional or New Infrastructure Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017718-1315
of the Existing Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial
Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram Chapter 4-Description of the
District, Tamil Nadu Environment
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Introduction
This chapter represents the description of existing environmental status of the study area 10
km radius with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers
10 km radius around the boundaries of the proposed project site. Baseline studies are
conducted to document the pre project environmental conditions required for quantifying
the impacts due to the proposed project efficiently. The baseline data is desirable to capture
seasonal effects of many environmental phenomena with reference to air, water, noise and
soil qualities.
Study Area- The project is located at SIDCO Industrial estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Taluk,
Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. The proposed project involves enhancement of
production capacity of bulk drugs and with the availability of adequate land with basic
structure within existing plant site, no other alternative sites have been considered. The
plant site is well connected to road Rajiv Gandhi IT express highway (49 A) is about aerial
distance of 2 km from the plant site. The nearest railway junction –Chengalpattu, which is
about 23 km way from the existing plant site. The nearest airport is Chennai International
Airport at Meenambakkam, which is about 34 km from the existing plant site. The co-
ordinates of the project site is lie 12°41'27.23"N to 12°41'30.63"N and 80°11'27.16"E to
80°11'29.72"E. The study area is covered by Toposheet No.66-D/01 and 02 and project site
falls in 66-D-02. The study area of 10 km radius from the proposed project site was defined
for primary data collection as per the ToR approved by MoEF. The Topo map showing the
project site is given in Figure.4.1.
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Figure 4-1 Map showing the Study Area
4.2 Scope and Methodology of Conducting Baseline study

The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental
conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects,
atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, land use and
socio-economic profile of the people. Hence the assessment of baseline environmental
setting is an essential component of the EIA study.
As a part of EIA, and ToR vide Letter no. SEIAA-TN/F-6427/SEAC-XCIII/5(f)/TOR-283/2017

dated 21.08.2017, the primary baseline data monitored cover three (3) months dated 24th
July 2017 to 22nd October 2017 and secondary data was collected from Government and
Semi-Government organizations. The primary baseline data has been generated by
M/s.Chennai Testing Laboratory, an NABL approved Environmental Testing Laboratory. Also
the field surveys were conducted for primary data generation on various aspects. The
results obtained from primary baseline data were co-related with the respective secondary
data in order to analyze the environmental conditions of the project site.
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Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were collected by a
team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments
of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector
Organizations. Table.4.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating
environmental baseline and Table.4.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for
various environmental attributes.
Table 4-1 Various Environmental Attributes

S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
Topo sheet and Satellite
Trend of land use change for
1 Land Use imagery and ground truth
different categories
verification
As per NAAQs standard
parameter i.e, Particulate
Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulfur
Ambient Air dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide
Ambient air quality monitoring
2 (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Quality at eight locations
Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3),
Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6),
Benzo (a) Pyrene, Arsenic (As),
Nickel (Ni),VOC
Water samples are collected at
Physical, Chemical and Biological two surface water location and
3 Water Quality
parameters eight ground water locations
during this study period
Noise level monitoring at eight

4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A)
locations
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S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data

Study of Existing terrestrial flora Secondary sources and Field
and fauna within the 10 km studies and Reconnaissance
radius of project influence area survey
through Quadrate and Line
transact method for trees,
shrubs and herbs, Point count
Ecology method for birds, Belt transect
5 method for road side trees and
butterflies. Reconnaissance
survey (Near Agricultural,
Human habitations and Road
side), identification of
ecologically sensitive receptors
based on literature survey and
field investigations
6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources
Soil Soil types and samples analyzed Data collected from secondary
7 for physical and chemical sources and soil sample
parameters. analysis at eight locations
Primary Survey was undertaken Based on field survey and data
at the designated villages to collected from secondary
establish the existing sources
socioeconomic status of the
study area. Socioeconomic
indicators such as demography,
Socio
literacy, health and livelihood,
8 economic
amenities and cultural aspects
aspects
were studied, Secondary
Published data on population
and amenities obtained from
Directorate of Census
Operations, GOI characteristics
were collected
Table 4-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Sampling Measurement
Attributes Remarks
Network Frequency Method
A. Air Environment
Total 8 locations 24 hourly, two Gravimetric (High- As per CPCB
Particulate Matter
to represent both days in a week Volume with Standards
(PM10)
upwind, down and 12 weeks Cyclone) under
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Sampling Measurement
Attributes Remarks
Network Frequency Method
wind and in a 3 month Gravimetric (High- November
Particulate Matter
background and total 24 Volume with PM10 18th 2009
(PM 2.5)
concentrations as samples were Impactor) Notification
Oxides of Sulphur per the CPCB collected from EPA Modified West & for NAAQS
(SO2) guidelines. each location Gaeke method
Oxides of Nitrogen Arsenite Modified
(NOx) Jacob & Hochheiser
B. Noise
Hourly equivalent Requisite Once Instrument : Noise IS: 4954-
noise levels locations in the level meter 1968
project influence
area
C. Water
Water Quality Set of grab Once Samples for water
samples At quality collected and
requisite locations analyzed as per IS :
for ground and 2488 (Part 1-5)
surface water methods for
sampling and testing
of Industrial effluents
Standard methods
for examination of
water and
wastewater analysis
published by
American Public
Health Association.
D. Land Environment
Parameter for soil Requisite soil Once Collected and
quality: pH, texture, samples be analyzed as per soil
electrical collected as per analysis reference
conductivity, organic BIS specification book, M.L.Jackson
matter, nitrogen, within project
phosphate, sodium, influence area
calcium, potassium
and Magnesium.
4.3 Administration Setup of the Study Area District

Kancheepuram district was initially known as Chengalpattu district. For the administrative
reasons, Chengalpattu distict was bifurcated on 18-11-1997 into Kanchipuram and
Thiruvallur districts. Kanchipuram district is situated on the northern East Coast of Tamil
Nadu and is adjacent by Bay of Bengal and Chennai city and is bounded in the west by
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Vellore and Thiruvannamalai district, in the north by Thiruvallur district and Chennai district,
in the south by Villuppuram district in the east by Bay of Bengal. It lies between 11° 00' to
12° 00’ North latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50'
East longitudes. The district has a total
geographical area of 4393.37 Sq.Kms and
coastline of 87.2 Kms. Kanchipuram town,
known as city of thousand temples, is the
headquarters of the district. Alandur taluk and
Sholinganallur taluk were newly created from
Tambaram taluk as per G.O.(MS)NO.500,
Revenue (RA1(1), dated 24.12.2009. At present
Kanchipuram district consists of 3 Revenue Divisions and 10 taluks comprising of 1019
Revenue Villages. For development reasons, it is divided into 14 Community Development
Blocks with 10 Municipalities, 1 Cantonment Board/Cantonment, 24 Town Panchayats and
40 Census Towns. The following table gives the name of taluks, number of towns, names of
CD Blocks, number of villages and number of inhabited villages in the district1. The details of
the same are given below in Table 4.3 and Kancheepuram Administrative map is given in
Figure 4.2
Table 4-3 Administrative setup of Kancheepuram District2

No. of Inhabited
S.No. Taluk Towns Blocks
Villages Villages
1 Sriperumpudur 15 Poonamallee(Part)* 1 1
2 Tambaram 6 Kancheepuram 60 57
3 Alandur 11 Walajabad 106 100
4 Sholinganallur 14 Uthiramerur 116 114
5 Chengalpattu 12 Sriperumbudur 80 76
6 Kancheepuram 9 Kunnattur 56 55
7 Uthiramerur 1 Thiruporur 90 88
8 Tirukkalukkundram 3 Kattankolattur 57 53
9 Madurantakam 3 Tirukalukundram 95 94
10 Cheyyur 1 St. Thomas Mount 13 13
Acharapakkam 93 93
Maduranthakam 95 95
1
District Census Handbook Kancheepuram, Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu, 2011
2
District Census Handbook Kancheepuram, Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu,2011
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No. of Inhabited
S.No. Taluk Towns Blocks
Villages Villages
Lathur 59 59
Chithamur 58 58
Not under any CD
40 6
Block
Total 75 - 1019 962
*Another part of Poonamallee (Part) CD Block falls in Poonamallee taluk in Thiruvallur district.
Figure 4-2 Kanchipuram Administrative Map
Source: District Census Handbook Kancheepuram, Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu,2011
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4.4 Land Environment

4.4.1 Physiography
4.4.1.1 Physiography of the Region
Kanchipuram district is situated on the North East Coast of Tamil nadu and it is bounded by
Bay of Bengal in the East, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai district in the west, Thiruvallur and
Chennai districts in the north, and Villuppuram district in the south. The district is classified
into coastal areas and other plains with small intermittent hills such as St.Thomas Mount,
Thirukkulakundram hills and Vandalur hills3.
4.4.1.2 Physiography of the Study Area-
The elevation of the area ranges from 100 m amsl in the west to a sea level in the east. The
major part of the area is characterized by an undulating topography with innumerable
depressions, which are used as irrigation tanks.
Three beach terraces ranging in elevation between 4 mark the coastal tract and 12 m with
broad inter terrace depressions. The coastal plain displays a fairly low level or gently rolling
surface and only slightly elevated above the local water surfaces on rivers. The straight
trend of the coastline is a result of development of a vast alluvial plain. There are a number
of sand dunes in the coastal tract. The coastal land forms include estuarine tidal, mud flats
or lagoons and salt marsh etc.
The Study area exhibits plain terrain. In the east the Bay of Bengal is situated. The reserved
forest with in 10 km radius is as follows:
1) Tandalam Reserved Forest

2) Illalur Reserved Forest
3) Madayattur Reserved Forst
4) Kattur Reserved forest.
The forests are located in the western side of the project site. The minimum and maximum
elevation of the study area (10 km radius) is 1 and 75m amsl (above mean sea level)
respectively. The Project site is located about 7 m amsl (above mean sea level). The
Physiographic map of the study area is presented Figure 4.3.
3
http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/District/surveyreport/07102017FDJ7AKZ4SurveyReport.pdf
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Figure 4-3 Physiographic map of the Study Area
As per the EIA guidelines the study area has been divided into Core zone and Buffer zone
which is about 10 km radius from the boundary of the proposed project site area. The
current land use has to be assessed as it forms the basis for any developmental planning.
4.4.2 Drainage
4.4.2.1 Drainage of the Region4
Palar and Cheyyar are the important rivers. The drainage pattern in general is sub-dendritic
and radial. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during monsoon period.
River Palar, a major river course, which drains this district originates from Western Ghats in
Karnataka state, and discharges in Bay of Bengal near Pudupattinam. The Cheyyar, a
tributary of Palar originates from the Jawadu Hills of Tiruvannamalai district. It has a
northeasterly flow in Kancheepuram district and confluences with the Palar near
Pazhaiyaseevaram. Other seasonal river like Korattalaiar and Tandiar drain this district partly
4
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on the northern and southern part respectively.
4.4.2.2 Drainage of the Study Area

There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site. The Buckingham canal
is located in the eastern side of the project site at a distance of 1.2 Km. A small water body
is located in the western side of the project site at a distance of 0.7 Km. There no river or
stream near by the project site. In the eastern side of the project site aquaculture forms are
noticed. The drainage of the study area is presented in the Figure.4.4.
Figure 4-4 Drainage of the Study Area
4.4.3 Land Use / Land Cover map of Study Area
Land Use / Land Cover - Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which are
carried on land. Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial
cover and others, resulting due to land transformation.
In order to demarcate different land use classes of the study area, the remote sensing data
such as satellite imagery and GIS techniques were used. The land use / land cover maps
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developed using these techniques will be utilized for assessing the aerial extent of the
different classes and interpreting the land use pattern for the study area.
Satellite remote sensing is used for determining different types of land use classes as it
provides a means of assessing a large area with limited time and resources. However
satellite images do not record land cover details directly and they are measured based on
the solar energy reflected from each area on the land. The amount of multi spectral energy
in multi wavelengths depends on the type of material at the earth’s surface and the
objective is to associate particular land cover with each of these reflected energies, which is
achieved using either visual or digital interpretation. The present study envisages different
LULC around the project area
4.4.4 Satellite Data
IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 04th July 2016 was utilized for the
present study. Details of satellite data is given below. The rectification of imagery was
carried out on to bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground
control point (GCP) assignments/SOI toposheets. The details of the satellite data are
presented in the Table 4.4. IRS P6 Satellite Imagery of the 10 km radius from the project site
is given in Figure 4.5.
Table 4-4 Details of the Satellite Data

Name of Date of
Year Sensor Scale Path & Row
Satellite Pass
IRS-P6 2016 LISS III 1:50000 100-65 04-Jul-2016
Scale of Mapping- Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III
data on 1:50000 Scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for
proposed site. The description of the land use categories for 10 km radius and the statistics
are given for 10 km radius.
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Figure 4-5 Satellite Imaginary of Study Area of 10 km
4.4.4.1 Land Use /Land Cover Classification System

The LU/LC Classification was done at three levels where level -1 being the broad
classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land, waste land, wet
lands, and water bodies. These were followed by level –II where built-up land was divided
into towns/cities as well as villages. The Agriculture land was divided into different classes
such as cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands were broadly divided into, Land with
scrub and without Scrub and Mining and Industrial wasteland. The wetlands were classified
into inland wetlands, coastal wetlands and islands. The water bodies were classified further
into River/stream, Canal, Tanks and bay. In the present study level II classification was
undertaken. The procedure adopted for land use mapping is shown in the flowchart (Figure
4.6). The present land use / land cover maps were prepared, based on the classification
system of national standards. The details of the Land Use Classification System are
presented in the Table 4.5.
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Figure 4-6 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use mapping
Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data on 1:50000
Scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for project site. The
description of the land use categories for 10 km radius and the statistics are given for 10 km
radius.
Table 4-5 Land Use/Land Cover Classification System

S. No. Level-1 Level-2
Town/cities
Villages
1 Built-up Land
Institution/Industry/Godown etc
Plotted Area/Layout
Crop Land
2 Agriculture Land Plantations
Fallow
Evergreen/Semi evergreen
3 Forest Deciduous
Forest Plantation
Rocky/Stony Waste
4 Wastelands Land with /without shrubs
Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy
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S. No. Level-1 Level-2

River/Stream
5 Water Bodies
Lake/Reservoir/Tanks
Orchard/Other Plantation
Shifting cultivation
6 Others
Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial
Barren/Vacant Land
4.4.4.2 Interpretation Technique

Standard on screen visual interpretation procedure was followed. The various Land use /
Land cover classes interpreted along with the SOI topographical maps during the initial rapid
reconnaissance of the study area. The physiognomic expressions conceived by image
elements of color, tone, texture, size, shape, pattern, shadow, location and associated
features are used to interpret the FCC imagery. Image interpretation keys were developed
for each of the LU/LC classes in terms of image elements.
April 2016 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the relevant land
use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised image classification
techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.
1. Digitisation of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the
topo maps
2. In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image have been procured and
interpreted using the ERDAS imaging and ARC-GIS soft ware adopting the
necessary interpretation techniques.
3. Satellite data interpretation and vectorisation of the resulting units
4. Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using
Satellite imagery (NRSA, 1989)
5. Field checking and ground truth validation
6. Composition of final LULC map
4.4.4.3 Field Verification

Field verification involved collection, verification and record of the different surface features
that create specific spectral signatures / image expressions on FCC. In the study area,
doubtful areas identified in course of interpretation of imagery is systematically listed and
transferred on to the corresponding SOI topographical maps for ground verification. In
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addition to these, traverse routes were planned with reference to SOI topographical maps
to verify interpreted LU/LC classes in such a manner that all the different classes are
covered by at least 5 sampling areas, evenly distributed in the area. Ground truth details
involving LU/LC classes and other ancillary information about crop growth stage, exposed
soils, landform, nature and type of land degradation are recorded and the different land use
classes are taken. The land use classification is presented in the Figure 4.7.
Figure 4-7 Land Use Classification of the Study Area of 10 km radius
4.4.5 Descriptions of the Land Use/ Land cover classes
Built-up land- It is defined as an area of human settlements composed of houses,

commercial complex, transport, communication lines, utilities, services, places of worships,
recreational areas, industries etc. Depending upon the nature and type of utilities and size
of habitations, residential areas can be aggregated into villages, towns and cities. All the
man made construction covering land belongs to this category. The built- up in 10 km radius
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from the from the project site is presented in the Table 4.6.and the Photographs of Built-up
land in village area is shown in Figure 4.8
Table 4-6 Built Up Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site

S. No Land use Area in Sq.km Percentage
1 Built-up Land (Rural / Urban) 13.66 6.32
The built up land (Rural / Urban) occupies 6.32 %.
Figure 4-8 Built-up Land – Industrial and Rural
Agricultural Land - This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder and
fruits. Existing cropland and current fallows are included in this category. It is described as
an area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural management
techniques. The Agricultural land in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in the
Table 4.7 and the photographs of the respective agricultural land in the study area is shown
in the Figure 4.9.
Table 4-7 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site

S. No Land use Area in Sq. Km Percentage
1 Crop Land 63.89 29.56
2 Plantation 15.38 7.12
3 Fallow Land 10.66 4.93
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Figure 4-9 Agriculture Land of Study Area of 10 km Radius
Crop land within 10 Radius of the Project site
Fallow Land within the Study area
Plantation within the Study area

All the agricultural lands, Crop land occupies maximum of 29.56 % area within 10 km radius.
Forest Land- These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other
vegetation types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and
other forest produce. The study area of 10 km buffer comprise of Forest plantation, forest
blanks and Scrub Forest. The forest land in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in
the Table 4.8
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Table 4-8 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site

S. No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Forest Plantation 2.45 1.13
2 Deciduous Forest 22.92 10.66
Wasteland- Wastelands are the degraded or underutilized lands most of which could be
brought under productive use with proper soil and water management practices. Wasteland
results from various environmental and human factors.
Land with or without Scrub- The land, which is outside the forest boundary and not utilized
for cultivation. Land with or without scrub usually associated with shallow, stony, rocky
otherwise non-arable lands. The Wasteland in 10 km radius from the proposed project site
is as below.
Table 4-9 Waste Land of Study Area of 10 Km radius
S.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Land with Scrub 13.45 6.22
2 Land without Scrub 5.92 2.74
3 Barren Rocky Land 0.18 0.08
4 Coastal Sand 7.46 3.45
5 Wet Land 4.53 2.10
6 Aquaculture 15.47 7.16
7 Salt affected Land 22.20 10.27
Figure 4-10 Waste land with and without Scrub
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Water Bodies- The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in the form
of ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater channel is inland
waterways used for irrigation and for flood control.
Table 4-10 Water Bodies in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S. No Land use Area in Sq.m Percentage
1 Water Bodies – Tank, River, Canal 17.96 8.31
4.4.5.1 Final Output

Using the standard land use classification system proposed by NRSA, 4 classes of level I and
13 of level II land use / land cover classes were identified and mapped using satellite data in
the present study.
The study reveals that the following major land use in the study area of 10 km radius from
the project boundary
• In the agricultural land (Crop Land- 29.56 %) occupies majority of the area.
• About 6.32 % of the built up land is of mixed category.
• The Deciduous forest Land occupies about 10.60 % of the study area.
• The Project site is located in the Built up land of SIDCO area.
The results of Level I land use/land cover mapping of the 10 Km radius and 5 Km radius
areas of the project is presented in the Table 4.11 and Different Land use classes around 10
km radius from the project site is given in Figure 4.11.
Table 4-11 Different Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project site
S.No Land use Percentage Area in Sq.Km
Built-up Land (Urban /
1 6.32 13.660
Rural)
2 Crop Land 29.56 63.890
3 Plantation 7.12 15.380
4 Fallow Land 4.93 10.660
5 Forest Plantation 1.13 2.450
6 Deciduous Forest 10.60 22.920
7 Land with Scrub 6.22 13.450
8 Land without Scrub 2.74 5.920
9 Salt affected Land 10.27 22.200
10 Aquaculture 7.16 15.470
11 Coastal Sand 3.45 7.460
12 Wet Land 2.10 4.530
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S.No Land use Percentage Area in Sq.Km

13 Barren Land 0.08 0.180
14 Water body 8.31 17.960
Total 100 216.130
Figure 4-11 Different Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project site
4.5 Geology 5
4.5.1 Geology of the Region
The district is underlain by both sedimentary and fissured formations. The important aquifer
system in the district are constituted by 1) unconsolidated and semi consolidated
formations and 2) weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks.
5
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Figure 4-12 Geology Map of Kancheepuram District
4.5.2 Geology of the Study Area
The Study area underlined by the following geological formation:
Beach ridge and barrier sand dune

Marine formation
Calcareous gritty Sand stone and clay
Charnockite
The Project site fall in the Charnockite. The geology

map of 10 km radius is presented in Figure 4.13.
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Figure 4-13 Geology Map of 10 km Radius
4.5.3 Geomorphology and Structure of the Region6
The land forms / geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and faults have
been interpreted from the recent satellite image. All the landform / geomorphic units and
structures occurring in the study area are mapped. The geomorphology and structures of
the area plays the vital role in identifying the ground water potential zones.
The prominent geomorphic units identified in the Kancheepuram District through

interpretation of satellite imagery are i) Chingleput-Tirukkalukkunram Surface (Erosional) ii)
Palar Surface (fluvial and iii) Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) surface (Marina) etc. The
elevation of the area ranges from 100 m amsl in the west to a sea level in the east. The
major part of the area is characterised by an undulating topography with innumerable
depressions, which are used as irrigation tanks.
6
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Three beach terraces ranging in elevation between 4 mark the coastal tract and 12 m with
broad inter terrace depressions. The coastal plain displays a fairly low level or gently rolling
surface and only slightly elevated above the local water surfaces on rivers. The straight
trend of the coastline is a result of development of a vast alluvial plain. There are a number
of sand dunes in the coastal tract. The coastal landforms include estuarine tidal, mud flats or
lagoons and salt marsh etc.
4.5.4 Geomorphology and Structure of the Study Area
The following geomorphic units have been interpreted using the satellite images within 10
km radius of the project site boundary.
1. Beach ridege (Young Coastal Plain)

2. Beach (Young Coastal Plain)
3. Coastal Plain Deep
4. Inselberg
5. Moderately weathered / moderately buried pediplain
6. Mud flat (Young Coastal Plain)
7. Older Coastal Plain Deep
8. Older Mudflat (Old Coastal Plain)
9. Pediment
10. Aquaculute
11. Shallow weathered / shallow buried pediplain
Beach ridge, coastal plain, weathered pediplain are good in ground water occurrence and
movement. However, the qualities of deeper aquifer in the coastal land forms are not
potable. The Project site is located in moderately weathered / moderately buried pediplain.
Apart from the above there are fractures system occurs in and around the project site. The
fractures are the good ground water conduit. High yielding bore wells expected in the
intersection of fractures. In the northern western site there is promising fracture systems.
It is also observed that there is promising fracture aquifer within 1km from the project
boundary. The photographs showing the Geomorphology and Structure of the study area is
presented in Figure.4.14 and The Geomorphology and Structure of the study area is
presented in Figure 4.15
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Figure 4-14 Photographs of Geomorphology and Structure of the study area
Figure 4-15 Geomorphology and Structure of the study area
Page 97
4.5.5 Mineral Resource
Major mineral resources available are Granite, Stone Quarry, Sand Quarry, Silica Sand and
Clay. The estimated availability of mineral sources at the district of project site is as follows:
Silica Sand
White clay
Black Granite
Stone
Sand
Table 4-12 Minerals Availability in the Kanchipuram District

S. No Minerals Estimated Availability(MT)
1. Silica Sand 6,00,000
2. White Clay 5,00,000
3. Black Granite 3,75.000
4. Stone 75,00,000
5. Sand 45,00,000
4.6 Soil Environment

4.6.1 Soil of the Region7
The district intrinsically formed by Sedimentary and fissured rock. Porous sediments such as
Gondawana Sandstone, shales and tertiary mottled clay are observed in some parts.
Some parts such as banks of palar, cheyyar contains alluvial soil and arenacious soil is
noticed along the seacoast. Geological formation of the district includes Granite, Geneiss,
Choronokite, Sandstone, Sandy Clay, Laterite, Alluvium and Marine Deposites along with
70% of Sedimentary Rocks and 30% Hard Rock.
The important aquifer system in the district are constituted by 1) unconsolidated and semi
consolidated formations and 2) weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks.
Soil type and its fertility of an area are essential to plan for cropping. Soils are primarily
derived from parent rocks. The colour, texture and mineral content are normally used to
classify the soils. The soils of Kancheepuram district can be broadly classified into soils have
been classified into 1) clayey soil, 2) red sandy or red loamy soil 3) Red sandy brown clayey
7
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soil and 4) Alluvial soil. Of the above soils, brown clayey soil is the most predominant,
covering more than 71percent of the areal extent of Kancheepuram district. Alluvial soils are
found on the banks of Palar, Cheyyar and other rivers. The river alluvium is transported and
is seen in coastal area of this district. Sandy coastal alluvial (arenacious soil) occurs along th
seacoast as a narrow belt.
The soils in the study area are classified into 5 types and is presented in the below
Table.4.13 and the soil map is given in Figure 4.16
Table 4-13 Soil Classification of Study Area

S. No Soil Classification
1 Deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on nearly level salt pans with strong salinity
Moderately deep, moderately well drained. Gravelly clay soils on gently sloping
2
lands slightly eroded; associated with; deep, moderately well drained, clayey soils.
Very deep, imperfectly drained, calcareous, clayey soils of nearly level, tank-
3 irrigated lands, slightly eroded; associated with; very deep, moderately well
drained, calcareous, cracking Soil
Very deep, moderately well drained, calcareous, cracking clay soils on nearly level
4 lowlands, slightly eroded; associated with; very deep, moderately well drained,
calcareous clayey soil
Very deep, somewhat excessively drained. Sandy soils on very gently sloping plains
5
slightly eroded.
Figure 4-16 Soil Map of Kancheepuram District8
Project Site
8
Agriculture Contingency Plan of District: Kancheepuram
Page 99
4.6.2 Soil in the Study area
The soil map of the study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and
Land use Planning, Nagpur. The site is located in Deep, very poorly drained, clayey soils on
nearly level salt pans with strong salinity. The soil sample collected from the project site
during the study period also indicates that the porosity of the soil is 25% which indicates
moderate permeability. The soil map of the study area is presented in Figure.4.17.
Figure 4-17 Soil Map of the Study Area
4.6.3 Background Soil Quality in the Study Area
For studying the soil quality in the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the
existing soil conditions in and around the existing plant area representing various land use
conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy concentrations were determined.
Eight (8) locations within the 10 km of the study area were selected for soil sampling. At
each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and
90 cm below the surface and are homogenized with the help of stainless steel soil-sampling
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probe. The soil samples were collected during baseline monitoring season. Various physical
and chemical parameters were analyzed as per Indian Standards. The soil sampling locations
are shown in Figure.4.18. The photographs of the soil sampling are presented in the
Figure.4.19. Physico-chemical characteristics of collected soil samples within study area of
10Kms are given in Table.4.14. The soil sampling results are compared with the standard soil
classification. The laboratory test results are presented in Annexure 14.
Table 4-14 Details of Soil Sampling Locations

Distance from
S. No Stations Name of Locations Site Coordinates
plant site (Km)
12°41'30.35''N
1. S1 Plant site -
80°11'28.91''E
12°41'25.66''N
2. S2 Alathur 1.8
80°10'47.36''E
12°41'31.74''N
3. S3 Krishnankaranai 2.7
80°13'05.82''E
12°42'44.68''N
4. S4 Thandalam 2.4
80°11'12.96''E
12°40'44.78''N
5. S5 Sirudavoor 4.6
80°08'55.61''E
12°38'26.15''N
6. S6 Payanoor 5.8
80°10'19.38''E
12°43'04.41''N
7. S7 Perur 4.5
80°13'35.30''E
12°37'33.82''N
8. S8 Mamallapuram 7.03
80°11'35.08''E
Figure 4-18 Soil Quality Monitoring Location of the Study area
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Figure 4-19 Photographs of Soil Sampling during the Study Period
Soil sampling at Alathur (S2)
Soil sampling at Krishnankarani(S3) Soil sampling at Thandalam (S4)
Soil sampling at Sirudavoor (S5) Soil Sampling at Payanoor (S6)
Soil sampling at Perur (S7) Soil sampling at Mamallapuram (S8)
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Table 4-15 Physico-chemical characteristics of collected soil samples within study area (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
SI No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
Sand % 43.4 11.0 90.8 89.9 42.4 43.2 88.4 90.6
1 Silt % 40.2 17.6 3.9 4.2 40.8 41.1 4.9 4.4
Clay % 16.4 71.4 5.3 5.9 16.8 15.7 6.7 5.0
2 pH - 7.1 6.0 6.5 5.9 6.5 5.3 4.0 6.6
3 Moisture % 0.54 15.6 7.6 8.9 6.9 8.8 8.1 1.4
4 Conductivity µs/cm 203 127 155 190 94 273 118.9 126
5 Specific gravity g/cm3 1.56 1.64 1.61 1.64 1.64 1.67 1.74 1.56
6 Porosity % 28.1 38.4 26.4 27.4 29.2 31.2 27.8 26.8
7 Sodium as Na mg/kg 872 877 771 708 188 312 124 366
8 Available Nitrogen mg/kg 142 284 90 94 242 142 120 124
9 Nitrate Nitrogen m g/kg 84 88 58 56 164 84 56 72
10 Available Phosphorus m g/ kg 104 108 64.6 65.8 142 110 68 36.8
11 Calcium as Ca mg/ kg 87 162 64 94 63 62 <1 41
12 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 42 111 39 23 13 12 13 12
13 Acidity as CaCO3 mg/kg 41 95 50 88 40 174 244 38
14 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/kg 170 50 52 92 104 51 52 142
15 Sulphate Sulphur as S mg/kg 168 296 86.4 88.8 310 324 188 168
16 Boron as B mg/ kg 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.18 0.12 0.14
17 Total Organic Carbon % 0.19 0.32 0.11 0.09 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.05
18 Chloride as Cl mg/kg 40 48 49 43 48 24 49 26
19 Sodium Absorption Ratio - 19.2 13 18.7 16.9 5.6 9.49 7.37 12.9
20 Bulk Density g/cm3 1.42 1.52 1.52 1.54 1.52 1.58 1.62 1.42
21 Water Holding Capacity % 38.5 26.2 26.8 27.2 28.2 32.4 43.8 36.4
22 Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100g 10.5 12.6 9.78 9.84 11.8 11.8 9.8 9.5
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SI No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
23 Total Potassium mg/ kg 254 158 142 94 124 142 210 196
24 Iron as Fe % 1.27 0.85 1.25 1.04 1.07 0.98 0.97 0.73
25 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 133.01 111.35 238.71 165.40 304.01 251.04 60.18 96.70
26 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 26.72 34.43 38.01 47.62 44.54 40.54 26.84 38.30
27 Copper as Cu mg/kg 11.18 61.37 63.83 128.58 67.40 59.70 43.14 43.35
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4.6.3.1 Soil Analysis Result

The soil texture describes the proportion of the sand, silt and clay. In the Study area, from
the soil analysis it was found that the percentage of sand and clay was found to be higher at
all the sampling locations. Predominantly the sandy soil is identified in the site location.
Physicochemical parameters of the soil were estimated. pH of the soil ranged from 4.0-7.1
which shows that the soil is acidic and neutral in the project location. The moisture content
of the soil varied from 0.54-15.6%. Conductivity of soil determined at various site locations
range from 94µs/cm to 273µs/cm. The concentration of sulphate varied from 86.4mg/kg to
324mg/kg and chloride varied from 24mg/kg to 49mg/kg. Available nitrogen was found to
be in the limit of 90mg/kg to 284mg/kg. The cation exchange capacity of the soil varied
between 9.5meq/100g and 12.6meq/100g. Elements such as Sodium, Calcium, and
Magnesium had different concentration limits of which Sodium ranged between 124mg/kg
and 877mg/kg, calcium with a range less than 1 to 162mg/kg, magnesium with 12 to
111mg/kg. Heavy metals concentration such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and
Molybdenum was Below Detectable Limit.
4.7 Seismic Zone

The project area falls under Zone II to slightly touching to Zone III of seismic zones of India
as per the Maps of India which is a Low Intensity zone as per IS 1893 (part 1):2002 (Bureau
of Indian Standards Criteria for earthquake resistant design of Structures). The seismic zone
map of India is shown in Figure.4.20.
According to the GSHAP data, the state Tamil Nadu falls mostly in a region of low seismic
hazard with exception of western border area that lies in a low to moderate hazard zone.
Historically, parts of this region have experienced seismic activity in the M5.0 range. The
Earthquake Hazard map of Tamil Nadu is shown in Figure.4.21.
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Figure 4-20 Seismic Zone Map of India
Study area
Figure 4-21 Earthquake Hazard map of Tamil Nadu

Study area
Source: http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-tamil-nadu.htm
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4.8 Meteorological Data

Micro-meteorological data forms an important component of the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study. As a part of the EIA study, both published long-term data and site
specific meteorological data was collected as per the ToR (Terms of Reference) awarded for
the proposed project. Meteorological station was installed within the project site to collect
the site specific meteorological data.
4.8.1 Regional Climate and Meteorology – IMD, Meenambakkam
The meteorological data was collected from “Climatological Normals” published by Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) Pune was referred. The data was recorded over a period
of 30 years (1971 to 2000). The nearest IMD station located at Meenambakkam (aerial
distance of 32 Km) was referred for the current project. This data was compared with the
site specific data generated during baseline monitoring studies .
The meteorological data comprises monthly mean wind speed, wind direction,
temperature, relative humidity, rainfall etc., and it is presented in Table.4.16.
Table 4-16 Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Tables 30 Years Data: 1971-
2000 (Meenambakkam IMD station)
Temperature (ºC) Mean
Rainfall (mm)
Mean Extremes Humidity wind
Month
(%) Month speed
Highe Lowe Lowe No. of Heaviest fall Date and
Highest ly (Kmph)
st st st Rainy days in 24Hrs Year
Total
Jan 31.0 18.4 33.3 15.7 83 28.2 1.4 91.7 28-1947 5.5
Feb 33.9 19.2 36.2 16.0 80 4.0 0.4 136.8 24-2000 6.8
Mar 36.7 21.0 40.6 18.2 76 3.3 0.2 88.1 5-1944 8.2
Apr 39.5 23.5 42.7 20.7 71 11.2 0.7 96.3 2-1945 10.4
May 42.0 24.4 44.3 21.1 63 46.6 1.7 214.9 17-1943 11.1
Jun 40.5 23.6 43.0 21.0 59 74.7 4.9 282.2 14-1996 11.6
Jul 38.5 22.9 40.1 20.6 67 130.5 7.7 85.8 16-1978 9.9
Aug 37.2 22.8 39.0 21.4 71 145.8 8.4 98.7 16-1967 9.4
Sep 36.7 22.6 38.6 20.9 74 169.2 8.5 199.0 30-1984 7.9
Oct 35.2 22.2 37.1 19.6 81 293.9 10.0 229.6 10-1943 5.8
Nov 32.4 20.2 35.0 16.7 83 361.6 10.4 346.6 25-1976 5.7
Dec 30.4 19.0 32.0 16.1 82 173.0 6.2 171.4 9-1967 5.9
Avg./
Annual 42.3 17.8 44.3 15.7 74 1441.9 60.5 346.6 25-1976 8.2
Total
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4.8.1.1 Ambient Temperature (as per long term IMD data)

The highest mean temperature was observed to be 42°C during May, and the lowest mean
temperature was 18.4°C during January. The extreme highest temperature of 44.3°C was
observed during May 1980 while the extreme lowest temperature of 15.7°C was observed
during January 1969.
4.8.1.2 Relative Humidity (as per long term IMD data)

The amount of water vapour present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed
for saturation at the same temperature. The highest humidity of 83% was experienced
during the month of November to January. The lowest humidity occurs in month of June,
and is reported to be 56%.
4.8.1.3 Rainfall (as per long term IMD data)

Data obtained from the Climatological Table shows that the maximum precipitation occurs
from July to December. The maximum number of rainy days was found during November,
and the average yearly rainfall for the study area as per the IMD data was reported to be
1441.9 mm.
The study area receives fairly good amount of rainfall during Northeast monsoon. 25 years
rainfall collected for the Kancheepuram District is presented below in Figure.4.22.
Figure 4-22 25 years of Average Rainfall of Kancheepuram District
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From the monthly average rainfall for the past 25 years, it is clear that the North East
monsoon is effective in the study area. The season wise rainfall of the district is as follows:
Transitional Period (January to May) : 100.1 mm

South west Monsoon (June to September) : 395.6 mm
North east Monsoon (October to December) : 719.08 mm
Annual Average Rainfall : 1214.62 mm
The yearly rainfall clearly depicts that highest rainfall received during 2015. The average
rainfall for the past 25 years is 1214.62 mm. Out of 25 years, 17 years experienced below
normal rainfall.
4.8.1.4 Wind (as per long term IMD data)

The annual Windrose shows that wind speed was found to be calm for 32 days in a year,
while the remaining days it was found to vary from 1 kmph to 19 kmph. The predominant
percentage (18%) of days, the winds were found to blow from West to East. 13% of wind
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were found to blow from south-west, south and North-East to North-East, North, North-
West. Seasonal as well as annual wind rose diagrams are presented in Figure.4.23 and
Figure. 4.24 respectively.
Figure 4-23 Annual Windrose as per IMD Meenambakkam observatory data
Figure 4-24 Seasonal Windrose as per IMD Meenambakkam Observatory Data
Summer (March to May) Winter (January to February)
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Post monsoon (October to November) Monsoon (June to September)
4.8.2 Site Specific Meteorological Data
The continuous weather monitoring station was installed near the project site at a height of
8m above the ground level and hourly measurements of the following parameters were
measured at site during the study period i.e. from 24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017.
Wind speeds (m/s), wind direction (Degrees), Temperature (ºC), Relative Humidity (%), Solar
Radiation (Watt/m2), Rainfall (mm) etc were monitored.
4.8.2.1 Site Specific Ambient Temperature (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
The maximum mean ambient dry bulb temperature was observed in the study period was
found to be 36.4 C, whereas the minimum mean ambient dry bulb temperature of 25.2 C
was observed in the study period. The average mean ambient dry bulb temperature in the
study period was found to be 29.9 C.
4.8.2.2 Relative Humidity (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)

The average hourly relative humidity variation at site during the study period was found to
be 78%.
4.8.2.3 Wind Direction and Wind Rose (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
The predominant wind direction (Figure 4.25) during the study period was from West,
north-west and south-west direction to East, South-East and North-East. The average wind
speed during the study period was about 5.02 m/s. The readings are in line with the IMD
long term data.
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Figure 4-25 Site Specific Wind Rose for the Study Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd October
2017)
4.9 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The ambient air quality with respect to the study area of 10 km radius around the proposed
project site forms the baseline information. Various sources of air pollution in the region are
rural activities, traffic and industries. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to
standards of the ambient air quality during the plant operation. The study area represents
mostly rural environment. This section describes the selection of sampling locations,
methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.
4.9.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey
The selection of the ambient air quality monitoring stations was done based on the CPCB
guidelines and Environmental Impact Assessment Manual published by MoEF & CC.
The air quality monitoring stations were selected based on a screening air quality modelling
exercise prior to commencement of the study. Long-term meteorological data of nearest
IMD station located at Meenambakkam for the specific season i.e from July to October was
adopted while estimating the possible impact zone due to emissions from the proposed
facilities at the Project site.
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Eight (8) air quality monitoring stations were selected for a detailed monitoring as per the
CPCB guidelines. Details of air quality monitoring stations are presented in Table.4.17. AAQ1
represents the station located at the Existing Plant Site. AAQ4, AAQ5, and AAQ8 stations
represents the down wind direction from the Existing plant site. AAQ2, AAQ6 stations
represents the up wind direction and AAQ3 Station represents the cross wind direction from
the existing facilities.
Table 4-17 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Name of Distance from Site
S.No Stations Direction
Locations plant site (km) Coordinates
12°41'28.79''N
1 AAQ1 Plant site - -
80°11'29.17''E
12°41'38.58''N
2 AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West (Up wind)
80°10'45.27''E
12°43'03.36''N
3 AAQ3 Thandalam 2.86 North (Cross wind)
80°11'07.62''E
12°41'29.17''N
4 AAQ4 Krishnankaranai 2.6 East (Down wind)
80°13'04.76''E
12°43'03.84''N North-East (Down
5 AAQ5 Perur 4.6
80°13'34.85''E wind)
12°40'53.14''N West-South-West
6 AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5
80°09'31.06''E (Up wind)
12°38'57.37''N South-West(Cross
7 AAQ7 Payanoor 5.1
80°10'19.32''E wind)
12°37'33.15''N South-East (Down
8 AAQ8 Mamallapuram 7.2
80°11'35.69''E wind)
The ambient air quality monitoring of the study area (10 Km radius) was carried out during
from 24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017 at 8 locations as shown in Figure.4.26. The
following parameters were monitored according to the terms of reference and National
Ambient Air Quality Standards: Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5),
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Lead
(Pb), Ammonia (NH3), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni).
These parameters are analysed as per NAAQ standards. The photograph of the sampling
location is given in Figure 4.27.
In addition to the above parameters Total Volatile Organic compounds (TVOC), H2S, HF, HCl,
HBR, and cl2 were also monitored as per the terms of reference issued for the project. The
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measured data was used for assessing for any anthropogenic impacts on the existing
background levels.
Figure 4-26 Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Figure 4-27 Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
AAQ1 sampling at Plant Site AAQ2 sampling at Alathur
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AAQ3 sampling at Thandalam AAQ4 sampling at Krishnankaranai
AAQ5sampling at Perur AAQ6 Sampling at Sirudavoor
AAQ7 sampling at Payanoor AAQ8 sampling at Mamallapuram
4.9.2 Presentation of Results
The consolidated data of ambient air quality monitoring is shown in the Table.4.18, 4.19.
and test reports are presented in Annexure 15. It indicates that all the values are within the
limits of National Ambient Air Quality Standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control
Board.
Page 115
Table 4-18 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during Study
Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX NH3 O3
Code Location 3 3 3 3 3
(µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m3)
AAQ1 Plant Site 59.9 28.8 10.2 23.3 27.7 25.7
AAQ2 Alathur 50.4 23.1 8.5 19.2 18.4 20.6
AAQ3 Thandalam 38.2 18.0 6.4 12.3 10.8 10.9
AAQ4 Krishnankaranai 73.4 35.2 12.6 26.9 27.8 34.5
AAQ5 Perur 63.9 29.5 4.8 19.8 24.9 23.6
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 49.7 23.3 3.8 14.0 22.5 19.1
AAQ7 Payanoor 64.9 31.5 5.4 21.9 25.9 25.3
AAQ8 Mamallapuram 75.5 36.2 7.1 23.8 25.7 24.0
NAAQ’S 100 60 80 80 400 180
Note: Other parameters such as Pb, CO, As, Ni, C6H6 are below detectable limit at all the locations
Table 4-19 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during Study
Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd October 2017)
TVOC Cl2 H2S HF HCl HBR
Code Location
(PPM) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (PPM) (mg/m3) (mg/m3)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
AAQ1 Plant Site ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ2 Alathur ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ3 Thandalam ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ4 Krishnankaranai ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L –0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ5 Perur ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ6 Sirudavoor ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ7 Payanoor ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) ( D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
AAQ8 Mamallapuram ( D.L -1.0) ( D.L -2.0) D.L -6.0) ( D.L -0.5) ( D.L -0.1) ( D.L -1.0)
4.9.3 Observation of Results
Particulate Matter- It is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. It is
generally classified into PM2.5 and PM10 based on the size. PM10 and PM2.5 concentration in
the study area is analysed and the summary is presented in Table.4.20. and Table.4.21. and
the trends were presented in Figure.4.28 and Figure.4.29 respectively. Minimum and
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maximum concentrations of PM10 at the plant site are 53.6µg/m3 and 67.8µg/m3
respectively, the average concentration of PM 10 at plant site is 59.9µg/m3.
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM10 was observed to be 30.2µg/m3 at

Thandalam and 83.8µg/m3 at the mamallapuram respectively. The average concentration in
the study area ranged from 38.2µg/m3 at Thandalam to 75.5µg/m3 at the mamallapuram.
The observed average concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the
permissible range of 100µg/m3 as per NAAQS standards prescribed the CPCB.
Table 4-20 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to
22nd October 2017)
Distance PM10 Concentration(µg/m3)
Station Direction wrt
Location from 98th
code to site Min Avg Max
the site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 53.6 59.9 67.8 67.8
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 39.2 50.4 58.8 59.6
AAQ3 Thandalam 2.86 North 30.2 38.2 45.0 46.5
AAQ4 Krishnankaranai 2.6 East 58.2 73.4 81.2 81.2
AAQ5 Perur 4.6 North-East 52.1 63.9 73.9 73.9
West-South-
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5 39.5 49.7 56.5 56.8
West
AAQ7 Payanoor 5.1 South-West 55.2 64.9 72.8 72.8
AAQ8 Mamallapuram 7.2 South-East 65.2 75.5 83.2 83.8
Figure 4-28 Trends of Ambient PM10 Concentration in the Study Area
90.0
PM10 concentration in µg/m3
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8
AVG 59.9 50.4 38.2 73.4 63.9 49.7 64.9 75.5
MAX 67.8 59.6 46.5 81.2 73.9 56.8 72.8 83.8
MIN 53.6 39.2 30.2 58.2 52.1 39.5 55.2 65.2
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Table 4-21 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017
to 22nd October 2017)
Distance PM2.5 Concentration(µg/m3)
Station Direction
Location from the 98th
code wrt to site Min Avg Max
site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 24.0 28.8 35.0 36.2
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 18.6 23.1 27.0 27.5
West-South-
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5 17.2 23.3 26.9 27.1
West
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM2.5 was observed to be 14.8µg/m3 at

Thandalam and 42.1µg/m3 at the Krishnankaranai respectively. The average concentration
in the study area ranged from 18.0µg/m3 to 36.2µg/m3. The observed average
concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the permissible range of
60µg/m3 as per NAAQS standards prescribed the CPCB. The trends of PM2.5 concentration
is presented in the Figure.4.29.
Figure 4-29 Trends of Ambient PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area
45.0
40.0
PM2.5 concentration in µg/m3
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
AVG 28.8 23.1 18.0 35.2 29.5 23.3 31.5 36.2
MAX 36.2 27.5 23.5 42.1 36.5 27.1 36.8 41.5
MIN 24.0 18.6 14.8 24.2 20.6 17.2 26.2 30.5
The average measured PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the study area are within the
stipulated National Ambient Quality Standards of 100µg/m3 and 60µg/m3 respectively. It
can be noted that ambient PM10, PM2.5 concentrations at the plant facility and its nearby
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environment were within the NAAQ standards. Relatively high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 at
other areas could be due to various urban and mixed activities.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of SO2
are presented in Table.4.22 and the trends are presented in Figure.4.30. SO2 concentrations
in the study area were observed to be in the range of 3.1µg/m3 at Siruthavoor to 17.8µg/m3
at Krishnankaranai respectively. The average values were found to be in the range of 3.8
µg/m3 to 12.6µg/m3. Thus, the observed SO2 concentrations are well within the limits
(80µg/m3) specified for Industrial, Residential, Rural and other areas.
Table 4-22 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to
22ndOctober 2017)
Distance SO2 Concentration (µg/m3)
Station Direction
site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 7.6 10.2 13.9 14.5
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 6.0 8.5 12.0 12.6
West-South-
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5
West 3.1 3.8 4.7 4.7
Figure 4-30 Trends of Ambient SO2 Concentration in the Study Area
20.0
SO2 concentration in µg/m3
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
AVG 10.2 8.5 6.4 12.6 4.8 3.8 5.4 7.1
MAX 14.5 12.6 9.1 17.8 7.1 4.7 8.2 9.3
MIN 7.6 6.0 4.0 7.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 4.9
Oxides of Nitrogen: The NOX concentration in the study area was observed in the range of
6.2 µg/m3 at Sirthavoor to 34.1 µg/m3at Krishnankaranai. The average values were found to
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range from 12.3 µg/m3 to 26.9 µg/m3. Thus, the observed NOX concentrations are well
within the limits (80µg/m3) specified for Industrial, Residential, Rural and other areas. Due
to vehicular emissions and influence of other industries in the region, the NOx levels are
relatively higher than that of typical rural levels. Average, minimum and maximum reported
concentrations of NOX are presented in Table.4.23 and Figure.4.31.
Table 4-23 NOX Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to
22nd October 2017)
Distance NOX Concentration (µg/m3)
Direction wrt to
Station code Location from the 98th
site Min Avg Max
site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 16.2 23.3 29.1 29.5
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 14.2 19.2 26.1 26.5
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5 West-South-West 6.2 14.0 21.8 22.9
Figure 4-31 Trends of Ambient NOX Concentration in the Study Area

40.0
NO2 concentration in µg/m3
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
AVG 23.3 19.2 12.3 26.9 19.8 14.0 21.9 23.8
MAX 29.5 26.5 19.2 34.1 26.7 22.9 27.9 28.3
MIN 16.2 14.2 7.5 20.4 9.1 6.2 15.8 17.2
Ammonia (NH3): The NH3 concentrations at the eight locations were observed in the range
of 6.8µg/m3 to 42.2µg/m3. The average values were found to range from 10.8µg/m3 to
27.8µg/m3. The higher values of ammonia were observed at the existing plant site.
However, the observed ammonia concentrations are well within the permissible limits of
400µg/m3 as per the NAAQS prescribed by the CPCB. Average, minimum and maximum
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reported concentrations of Ammonia NH 3 are presented in Table.4.24 and Figure.4.32.
Table 4-24 NH3 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (24th July 2017 to
22nd October 2017)
Distanc NH3 Concentration (µg/m3)
Station Direction
Location e from 98th
the site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 16.8 27.7 41.7 42.2
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 8.6 18.4 29.9 31.5
West-South-
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5 15.2 22.5 29.7 30.2
West
Figure 4-32 Trends of Ammonia Concentration in the Study Area

45.0
Ammonia concentration in µg/m3
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
AVG 27.7 18.4 10.8 27.8 24.9 22.5 25.9 25.7
MAX 42.2 31.5 15.2 36.1 31.8 30.2 36.5 33.2
MIN 16.8 8.6 6.8 18.5 16.3 15.2 20.2 19.3
Ozone: The average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of ozone are
presented in Table.4.25 and the trends are presented in Figure.4.33. The ozone
concentration in the study area was observed to be in the range of 5.2µg/m3 to 53.2µg/m3.
The average values were found to vary from 10.9µg/m3 to 25.7µg/m3. Thus, the observed
ozone concentrations were found to be within the permissible limits as per the NAAQS
prescribed by the CPCB.
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Table 4-25 Ozone Concentration in the Study Area during the study period(24th July 2017
to 22nd October 2017)
Distance Ozone Concentration (µg/m3)
Station Direction wrt
Code to site Min Avg Max
site percentile
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 15.2 25.7 39.4 40.5
AAQ2 Alathur 1.26 West 12.5 20.6 29.9 30.2
West-South-
AAQ6 Sirudavoor 3.5
West 7.5 19.1 26.4 27.3
Figure 4-33 Trends of Ambient Ozone Concentration in the Study Area

60.0
Ozone concentration in µg/m3
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
AVG 25.7 20.6 10.9 34.5 23.6 19.1 25.3 24.0
MAX 40.5 30.2 16.2 53.2 36.5 27.3 32.8 28.7
MIN 15.2 12.5 5.2 22.4 7.5 7.5 18.2 12.5
4.10 Noise Environment

To evaluate the noise level in the study area, noise levels were recorded at the project site
and other seven locations in the study area. The measurements were carried out using Type
1 noise level integrated sound level meter. Monitoring was done at each location during the
study period for 24 hrs on hourly basis to obtain hourly equivalent sound pressure level. A
digital noise level meter was used to record the noise levels. From these values, day time
and night time and 24-hrs Leq values were calculated. Day time is considered from 0600 hrs
to 2200 hrs and night from 2200 hrs to 0600 hrs.
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Noise monitoring locations is given in Table.4.26 and noise level equivalent values are
presented in Table.4.27. The measured noise levels have been compared with the standard
specified in Schedule III, Rule 3 of Environmental Protection Rules.
Table 4-26 Noise Sampling Locations

Location Longitude &
S.No Location Name Type of Area
Code Latitude
12° 41' 28 .79'' N
1 Plant Site N1 Industrial Area
80° 11' 29. 17'' E
12° 41' 38 .58'' N Residential Area
2 Alathur N2
80° 10' 45. 27'' E and Rural Area
3 Thandalam N3
80° 11' 07. 64'' E and Urban Area
12° 41'29.15'' N Residential Area
4 Krishnankaranai N4
80° 13' 04. 17'' E and Rural Area
12° 43' 03.84'' N Residential Area
5 Perur N5
80° 13' 34. 85'' E and Rural Area
6 Siruthavoor N6
80° 09' 31.06'' E and Rural Area
7 Payanur N7
80° 10' 19.32'' E and Rural Area
8 Mamallapuram N8
80° 11' 35. 69'' E and Urban Area
Table 4-27 Noise Level Equivalent Values during Study Period (24th July 2017 to 22nd
October 2017)
Day Time dB (A) Night Time dB (A)
S. No Location
Leq* Leq*
1 Plant Site 63.8 55.6
2 Alathur 51.3 40.2
3 Thandalam 47.6 40.9
4 Krishnankaranai 54.1 44.3
5 Perur 53.1 39.4
6 Siruthavoor 51.6 39.8
7 Payanur 50.5 42.5
8 Mamallapuram 53.5 41.1
Note: *1- Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m. *2- Night time shall mean from10.00 p.m. to 6.00
a.m.
Observation: Average day time and night time noise levels at residential areas in the study
area was found to be varying from 47.6 dB(A) to 63.8 dB(A) and 39.8 dB(A) to 55.6 dB(A)
respectively. The hourly noise level monitoring data is enclosed in Annexure.16. Noise
Page 123
levels at the plant site were reported to be within the noise limits prescribed for industrial
area. As per NAAQS w.r.t. noise prescribed by CPCB, the day time and night time noise levels
in a residential area shall not exceed 55 and 45 dB(A) Leq respectively whereas for industrial
area shall not exceed 75 dB (A) for day time and 70 dB (A) for night time. The observed
values are complying with the standards except at few locations where slightly higher values
were observed than the prescribed standards. Noise level in the study area was found to
exceed the standards due to rural, urban activities and vehicular traffic in the region, which
represents a typical urban area.
4.11 Water Environment

Both surface and ground water resources and water quality have been studied within the 10
km radius of the Project site under this EIA study. The source of water for the existing plant
is sourced from SIDCO water.
4.11.1 Surface Water Resources in the Study Area
There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site. The Buckingham
canal is located in the eastern side of the project site at a distance of 1.2 Km. A small water
body is located in the western side of the project site at a distance of 0.7 Km. There no river
or stream near by the project site. In the eastern side of the project site aquaculture forms
are noticed.
4.11.1.1 Surface Water Quality

To evaluate the quality of surface water in the study area, the surface water samples were
collected and analysed. The water sampling locations are listed below in Table.4.28 and the
locations are marked in 10 km map which is given below in Figure.4.34. The test report of
surface water quality and creek sample is enclosed as Annexure.17.
Table 4-28 Surface Water Sampling Locations

S.No Stations
Locations plant site (Km) Coordinates
12°40'48.54''N
1. SW1 Sirudavoor 4.78
80°08'53.27''E
12°37'12.10''N
2. SW2 Twin lotus lake 8.22
80°10'06.48''E
3. SW3 Illalur Lake 7.05 12°44'15.21''N
Page 124

S.No Stations
Locations plant site (Km) Coordinates
80°09'38.41''E
12°39'27.25''N
4. SW4 Amoor Lake 6.02
080°08'07.30''E
The observation of the surface water samples is given below and surface water quality
analysis as represented in Table.4.29.
Figure 4-34 Locations of Surface Water Sampling
Table 4-29 Surface water Quality

S.No. Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4
1 pH @ 25°C - 7.8 7.4 7.6 7.4
2 Colour HU 2 5 2 2
3 Odour - U U U U
4 Taste - D D D D
5 Conductivity @ 25°C µs/cm 410 206 482 574
6 Turbidity NTU 10 24 12 9
7 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 8 52 16 12
8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 244 124 294 350
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 161 34 187 198
10 Total Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
11 P. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 4 Nil Nil Nil
Page 125
S.No. Parameters Units SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4

12 M. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 101 42 86 78
13 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 105 42 86 78
14 Calcium as Ca mg/l 29 7 34 41
15 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 22 4 20 24
16 Sodium as Na mg/l 26.4 27.5 34 41
17 Potassium as K mg/l 3.4 3.9 5.2 8.4
18 Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
19 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.07 0.38 0.05 0.09
20 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 72 25 86 102
21 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.11
22 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
23 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 11.3 12.8 21.6 36.2
Phenolic Compounds as
24 mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
C6H5OH
Anionic detergent as
25 mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
MBAS
26 Mineral oil mg/l A A A A
27 Boron as B mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
28 Silica as SiO2 mg/l 6.9 11.3 18.4 30.1
Biochemical Oxygen
29 Demand (BOD) 3 days @ mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2
27°C
Chemical Oxygen
30 mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4
Demand (COD)
31 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2
32 Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l 128 51 92 84
33 Carbonate as CO3 mg/l 5 Nil Nil Nil
34 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.5
35 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
36 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
37 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
38 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.54 0.52 0.36 0.28
39 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
40 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
41 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
42 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.20 0.32 0.18 0.24
43 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.28 0.19 0.24 0.18
44 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
45 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
MPN/100
46 Total Coliform 22 26 11 17
ml
Note: U-Unobjectionable, D-Disagreeable, A- Absent
Page 126
Observation- The surface water quality of Sirudavoor Lake (S1), Twin Lotus Lake (S2), Illalur
lake (S3) and Amoor lake (S4) were analyzed to understand the nature and parameters
influencing the surface water quality. The pH of surface water varies from 7.4 to 7.8 that
show the surface water is alkaline in nature. All the four samples had disagreeable odour.
The TDS of surface water sampling range from 124 mg/l to 350 mg/l and Total hardness of
surface water ranges from 34 mg/l to 198mg/l. Turbidity is from 9 NTU to 24 NTU that
shows water is clear. BOD3 and COD was examined and found that it was less than 2 mg/l,
and less than 4. The concentration of Sodium of surface water varies from 26.4 mg/l to 41
mg/l and concentration of chlorides varies from 25mg/l to 102mg/l. Heavy metal detection
was found to be below detectable level.
Creek Sample- Creek water was collected from Buckingham canal at back side of the SIDCO
to identify the creek water quality of that area.
Observation of Buckingham canal: The pH of the creek sample was found to be 7.2. The
value of conductivity and TDS was found to be 30486 µs/cm and 18596 mg/L respectively.
Turbidity was found to be very low indicating that the water is clear. Total hardness was
found to be 4091 mg/L. The concentration of sodium and chloride was found be higher with
a value of 5085 mg/L and 9859 mg/L respectively indicating higher contents of salt. Nitrate
was found to be below detectable limit and sulphate concentration was found to be 2241
mg/L respectively. BOD and COD values were 46 mg/L and 109 mg/L respectively.
4.11.2 Ground Water Resources-(Published Data)9
4.11.2.1 Regional Hydrogeology and Aquifer Details

In Kancheepuram district, is underlain by both the sedimaentary and fissured formations
and the aquifer system are comprises by 1) Unconsolidated and semi consolidated
formations and 2) Weathered, fissured and fractured crystalline rocks.
4.11.2.2 Semi Consolidated formation

Gondwana sandstones and shales and Tertiary mottled clays and sandstones represent the
porous, semi-consolidated sediments Ground water occurs under water table conditions to
confined conditions in the inter granular spaces of sandstones, sands and in the bedding
9
Page 127
planes and thin fractures of shales. The ground water occurs under water table conditions
and the depth of the wells ranges from 5 to 10 m bgl. The depth to water level ranged from
2.89 to 4.09 m bgl during May 2006 and 1.05 to 3.40 m.bgl during Jan’2007. The specific
capacity of porus formation ranged from 1.00 to 80.00 lpm/m/dd.
4.11.2.3 Ground Water in Unconsolidated Alluvium

This unconsolidated formation occurs mainly along the banks of Palar and Cheyyar rivers
and the sand layers of this alluvium form the potential aquifer. Between Walajabad and
Kancheepuram, small diameter dug wells tap the alluvium with depths ranging between 6
and 12 m bgl. The yield ranges from 25 to 35 m3/hr. Depth of filter point and dug cum bore
wells ranges from 10 – 21 m bgl and yield is around 20 m3/hr. The yield of infiltration wells
with varying depths of 5 – 12 m bgl is around 35 m3/hr. In areas covered by the laterites, the
ground water is developed by means of dug wells in the depth of 4 to 6 m bgl. Along the
coast, windblown sand acts as aquifer zones and ground water extraction is by means of
shallow dug wells with radial arms. The wells can sustain for 3 to 6 hours pumping and yield
is around 15 m3/hr.
4.11.2.4 Fissured Formation

The movement of ground water is fissured crystallines is principally controlled by joints,
fissured, fractures and their interconnections. Ground water in fissured crystallines is
developed by means of dug wells, dug-cum-bore wells and bore wells. The wells range in
depth between 6 and 17.00 m bgl. The depth to water level ranged from 3.50 – 8.34 m bgl
during May 2006 and 1.32 – 7.53 m bgl during January 2007.The yield of the wells varies
from 30 to 100 m3/day (January-March). The depth of dug cum bore wells ranges from 25 to
45 m bgl. The depth of bore wells ranges up to 200 m bgl. The piezometric head ranges from
2.05 to 5.98 m bgl during May 2006 and 0.70 – 3.75 m bgl during Jan’2007 and the yield
ranges up to 12 lps. The specific capacity in the fissured formation ranges from 10 -250
lpm/m/dd.
The hydrogeological map depicting the hydrogeological details of the area is presented as
Figure 4.35.
Page 128
Figure 4-35 Hydrogeological Map of Kancheepuram District
Source- Plate V-District Census Handbook Kancheepuram, Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu,2011
Page 129
The depth of ground water level during Pre monsoon and the status of ground water
utilization in Kancheepuram District are presented in the Figure 4.36 and Figure 4.37
Figure 4-36 Depth of Ground Water Level during Pre monsoon in Kancheepuram District
Figure 4-37 Depth of Ground Water Level during Post monsoon in Kancheepuram District
Page 130
4.11.2.5 Ground Water Resources- Block wise

Ground water generally occurs in the weaker zones of geological formations under
unconfined to semi-confined conditions. The main known source for recharge of dynamic
water resources is the annual precipitation. Percolation from the surface water conservation
structures and seepages from irrigation canals and return flow from irrigated agricultural
lands also act as recharge components. The ground water resources have been computed
jointly by Central Ground Water Board and State Ground & Surface Water Resources Data
Centre (PWD, WRO, Government of Tamil Nadu) as on 31st March 2004. The computation of
ground water resources available in the district has been done using GEC 1997
methodology. The ground water estimation study indicates net annual ground water
availability as 124461.4 ham for the Thiruporur Block 10211.09 for the year 2004. Ground
Water Resources & Development Potential of Kancheepuram district as per CGWB is given
below in Table 4.30
Table 4-30 Ground Water Resources in Kancheepuram District as on March-2004 (in Ham)
Allocation for Net ground
Exiting Gross Stage of
Net annual domestic and water Categorizatio
Draft for Groundwat
ground industrial availability n for future
Taluk Domestic & er
water requirement for future groundwater
Industrial water Developme
availability supply upto next irrigation development
supply nt
25 Years (2029) development
Tiruporur 10211.09 361.66 382.67 1915.03 81 Semi Critical
As per CGWB 31st March 2004, the Tiruporur block is categorized as an semi critical Zone
and the ground water potential and the categorization of blocks is given in Figure 4.38
Page 131
Figure 4-38 Ground Water Potential and the Categorization of Blocks
4.11.2.6 Groundwater Table and Yield in the Study Area

Ground water occurs under water table condition in the weathered mantle in the study are
of 10 radius from the project boundary. The occurrence and movement of controlled by the
primary and secondary porosity of the sedimentary and hard rock formations. Ground
water is transmitted through fractures, fissured and joints of hard crystalline formations in
the project site area. These crystalline formations are impervious in nature and have
developed secondary porosity. Ground water level data for a monitoring well collected from
CGWB located in Tiruprorur observation well indicates that the deepest water level is 3.71
m bgl during May 2007 and shallowest water level is 0.01 m bgl during January 2014. The
season wise ground water level data collected for Tiruporur monitoring well is given in
Figure.4.39.
In Kanchipuram district there are three major types of ground water accessing sites namely
Bore well, Dug well, Tube well. The observations made on Ground Water level during
Page 132
Monsoon, pre-monsoon, post-monsoon of Kanchipuram district Thiruporur block for the

year 2016 illustrates that during monsoon 2.4 metre depth of water was available in bore
well site type and 1.41metre depth of water was available during post monsoon and 1.91
metre depth of water level was observed during pre monsoon10.
The ground water level was examined during post monsoon and pre monsoon and the
details are furnished by Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board. The average ground
water level in Post monsoon monitored in the month of January is 4.5m and the Pre
monsoon ground water level in the month of May is 7.5m.
Figure 4-39 Season Wise Ground Water Level Data collected for Thiruporur Monitoring
well
The occurrence of ground water in the study area (10 km radius) has been studied in detail
by collecting the water level from 17 well (borewells). The depth of the wells ranges from 12
m to 60 m. The ground water levels are collected from the bore wells. At the time of the
collection of ground water level the yield of the wells have been recorded by oral enquiry.
The ground water levels vary between 3.5 to 17.6 m bgl and yield of the wells varies
between 50 to 120 liters / minutes. At the time of field visit during the pre monsoon, the
10
http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/GWL/GWL.html
Page 133
local people were enquired about the water level fluctuation in the observed wells during
the prost monsoon period. Based on the details collected Ground water level contours have
been constructed for pre and post monsoon periods.
4.11.2.7 Pre monsoon Ground Water Level

The ground water level zone of pre monsoon clearly depicts that the water level varies
between 1 to 19 m. The ground water level zone map of pre monsoon shows that the water
level ranging between 8-12 m occupies majority of the area. The project site is located in 8-
12 m zone. The ground water level zone map of pre monsoon is presented in Figure.4.40
Figure 4-40 Ground Water Level Zone Pre-monsoon in 10 Km radius
4.11.2.8 Post monsoon Ground Water Level

The ground water level zone of post monsoon clearly depicts that the water level varies
between 1 to 12 m. The ground water level zone map of post monsoon shows that the
water level ranging between 8-12 m occupies majority of the area. The project site is
located in 8-12 m zone. However, the < 4 m ground water level zone increased in the post
monsoon period due the rainfall recharge. It clearly indicates the natural recharge and the
Page 134
recharge from the other sources such as water bodies and canals increased the ground
water level in the study area. The ground water level zone map of Post monsoon is
presented in Figure.4.41.
Figure 4-41 Ground Water Level Zone Post-monsoon in 10 Km radius
The location, ground water level and depth collected from the 10 m radius is given below in
the Table.4.31
Table 4-31 Depth and Ground water Level of the Study Area
Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon
S.No Location Longitude Latitude
Water level Water level
1 Agaram 80° 7' 16.116" 12° 39' 46.57" 3.5 2.40
2 Alathur 80° 10' 48.107" 12° 41' 31.105" 7.6 5.60
3 Kamarajapuram 80° 7' 49.775" 12° 43' 1.526" 7.6 5.20
4 Mailai 80° 6' 48.723" 12° 42' 20.211" 10.2 6.20
5 Vembedu 80° 8' 43.897" 12° 45' 13.668" 11.3 7.10
6 Sengadu 80° 11' 20.87" 12° 45' 10.884" 12.6 8.20
7 Tirupporur 80° 11' 30.439" 12° 43' 47.31" 8.5 3.20
7 Vadanemmeli 80° 14' 1.415" 12° 44' 54.784" 3.5 2.10
9 Krishnankaranai 80° 12' 47.634" 12° 41' 32.855" 4.2 3.10
Page 135
Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon

S.No Location Longitude Latitude
Water level Water level
10 Tandalam 80° 11' 10.918" 12° 42' 10.115" 17.6 11.80
11 Panditamedu 80° 10' 21.863" 12° 39' 20.898" 10.2 7.60
12 Punjeri 80° 10' 9.988" 12° 36' 48.173" 5.5 3.20
13 Saluvankuppam 80° 12' 6.917" 12° 39' 39.648" 3.6 2.60
14 Dakshinavarti 80° 8' 21.563" 12° 39' 30.24" 18.3 11.20
15 Palamachcheri 80° 11' 13.793" 12° 46' 29.745" 8.0 6.50
16 Perur 80° 13' 37.754" 12° 43' 5.46" 4.4 3.10
17 Vengaleri 80° 11' 15.931" 12° 41' 40.609" 11.3 9.20
4.11.2.9 Movement of Ground Water

The movement of ground water is controlled by the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer
and hydraulic gradient. In study area the hydraulic conductivity is mainly based on the
primary and secondary porosity. The homogeneity of the weathered zone and the
sedimentary plays a vital role in the movement of the ground water. In the study area the
formations are both homogeneous and heterogeneous in nature. Based on the water level
data (Pre and Post monsoon) the ground water table has been constructed for the Pre and
Post monsoon periods. The ground water table contour depicts that the flow is in the east
both the seasons. The hydraulic gradient in the project site is moderate to high and has
been observed as 5.3 m/Km in pre monsoon and 4.6 m/Km in post monsoon. Ground water
trough is noticed in the project site and in the Northwestern side of the study area which
indicates the convergent flow of ground water. The pumping from the deeper aquifer would
change the ground water quality as the site is located nearer to the coastal area. The
ground water table constructed for the study area is presented in Figure.4.42
Page 136
Figure 4-42 Ground Water Table for Pre-Monsoon
Figure 4-43 Ground Water Table for Post-Monsoon
Page 137
4.11.2.10 Evaluation of Aquifer Parameters

Pumping test is the most accurate reliable and commonly used method to evaluate the
hydraulic parameters of an aquifer, efficiency of a well / bore well, safer operational rates of
pumping and selection of suitable pump. The methods of a pumping test are highly varying
in its application. The main objective of pumping test is to determine the aquifer parameters
such as Transmissivity(T), Storage co-efficient(S) Hydraulic Conductivity(K), well
performance and safe yield for execution of water supply.
The pumping test conducted in the same hydrogeological environment has been collected
from the government department. The results as follows in the Table 4.32
Table 4-32 Result of Pumping Test

Bore Well in m 40
Static Water level in m 4.5
Pump capacity 5 HP
Discharge in lpm 120 lpm
Time in min. 320 minutes Stability not attained
Drawdown in m 3m
Specific Capacity lpm per m draw down 40
Transmissivity of the fractured aquifer 60
m2/day
In 260 minutes static water level was
Rate of recovery
attained
The pumping test results revels that the drawdown is 3 m at the pumping rate of 120 lpm.
As the aquifer is potential aquifer, the drawdown is moderate. It is also observed that the
average T value is 60 m2/day which indicates the aquifer is a moderately productive aquifer.
The total water requirement of the project is met out from the SIDCO. No bore well / well is
located in the project site. Hence there would not be any impact on the aquifer system by
the pumping for the water requirement.
4.11.2.11 Ground Water Quality

Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within the study area have
been considered for assessing the water environment. To assess the water quality of the
study area, eight (8) ground water sampling locations were selected. These samples were
collected as grab samples and were analysed for various parameters. More than Forty four
Page 138
(44) water quality parameters are analysed. The water sampling locations are listed below in
Table.4.33 and the locations are marked in 10 km map which is given below in Figure.4.44.
Figure 4.45 showing the photographs showing the ground water sampling. The result of the
ground water sampling is given in Table 4.34. The test report of the ground water is
attached as Annexure.18.
Table 4-33 Details of Ground Water Sampling Locations

Name of Distance from
Stations Site Coordinates
Locations plant site (Km)
12°43'03.36''N
GW1 Thandalam 2.91
080°11'07.62''E
12°41'38.86''N
GW2 Alathur 1.29
80°10'45.33''E
12°41'29.17''N
GW3 Krishnankaranai 2.85
80°13'04.76''E
12°43'03.80''N
GW4 Perur 4.73
80°13'34.99''E
12°40'53.32''N
GW5 Sirudavoor 3.63
80°09'31.42''E
12°38'59.48''N
GW6 Paiyanoor 4.96
80°10'21.97''E
12°37'31.72''N
GW7 Mamallapuram 7.24
80°11'36.53''E
12°41'21.093''N
GW8 Vengaleri 0.28
80°11'36.514''E
Page 139
Figure 4-44 Ground Water Sampling Locations
Figure 4-45 Photographs of the Ground Water Sampling
GW1 sampling at Thandalam GW2 sampling at Alathur
GW3 sampling at Krishnankaranai GW4 sampling at Perur
Page 140
GW5sampling at Sirudavoor GW6 Sampling at Paiyanoor
GW7 sampling at Mamallapuram GW8 sampling at Vengaleri
Page 141
Table 4-34 Results of Ground Water Quality Analysis for Various Parameters
S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8
1 pH @ 25°C - 7.8 7.8 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.9 6.9 8.3
2 Colour HU 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 Odour - U U U U U U U U
4 Taste - D D D D D D D D
5 Conductivity @ 25°C µs/cm 1444 1022 898 910 1240 1110 1280 8630
6 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 5 <1 1
7 Total Suspended Solids mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 4 <2 8
8 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 882 612 542 548 746 668 768 5264
9 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 445 318 74 127 456 350 329 404
10 Total Residual Chlorine mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
11 P. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 25 35 Nil Nil Nil 36 Nil 141
12 M. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 283 204 70 56 280 359 46 752
13 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 308 239 70 56 280 395 46 93
14 Calcium as Ca mg/l 77 72 13 26 111 89 85 40
15 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 62 34 10 16 44 31 28 74
16 Sodium as Na mg/l 137 114 178 88 83 97.8 178 1735
17 Potassium as K mg/l 19 0.8 2 43 0.8 14.4 11.2 20
18 Cyanide as CN mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
19 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.6 0.08 0.06 0.04 <0.01 0.04 0.05 <0.01
20 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 194 126 189 146 209 97 204 2598
21 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.21 0.24 0.16 0.34
22 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 102 12.3 0.56 67.4 1.9 0.97 34.2 84.8
23 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 67.5 45.2 17 114 43.1 55.9 108 122
24 Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
25 Anionic detergent as MBAS mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Page 142
S.No Parameters Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8
26 Mineral oil mg/l A A A A A A A A
27 Boron as B mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.62
28 Silica as SiO2 mg/l 16.9 47.9 74.8 7.1 73.1 31 74.6 41.3
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
29 mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 16
(BOD) 3 days @ 27°C
30 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 112
31 Oil & Grease mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2
32 Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l 376 291 85 69 342 482 56 1090
33 Carbonate as CO3 mg/l 30 42 Nil Nil Nil 43 Nil 169
34 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.6 5
35 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
36 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002
37 Total Chromium as Cr mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
38 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1.39
39 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
40 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
41 Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.61
42 Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 0.22 1.09
43 Manganese as Mn mg/l <0.01 0.02 0.54 0.14 0.07 0.2 0.15 0.26
44 Aluminium as Al mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
45 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005
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Observations: From the data obtained regarding the quality of ground water sample procured
from various project site locations illustrates about major parameters that influences the quality
of water such as pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Salts, Total hardness, heavy metal content.
The pH varies between 7.1 and 8.3 which indicate the water is alkaline. The conductivity at 25oC
was determined and found to vary between 898 µs/cm and 8630 µs/cm. Total Dissolved Solid
and Total hardness varied from 542mg/l to 5264mg/l and 74 mg/l to 456 mg/l. The elements
such as Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium ranges with a minimum and maximum concentration level
of 13mg/l to 111mg/l, 10mg/l to 74mg/l, 83mg/l to 1735mg/l. Chloride and Sulphate
concentration varies from 97mg/l to 2598mg/l. Heavy metal such as Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Ni are below
detectable limit.
4.12 Ecological Environment

Ecological studies give humans a deep insight into the principles of life; its forms and levels of
existence and immortality on earth. Ecology reveals to us the truth that there is only “one life”
on earth. Life exists infinitely in interrelations of diverse species in space and time. Ecology
provides us with the wisdom that the supremacy and freedom, which humans enjoy over the
diverse forms of life, are subject to the limits of nature’s constitutions. Nature shows no
special concern for any individual species, humans or otherwise unless and until the species
prove to be successful in nature’s quest for stability and sustenance of life on earth. Therefore,
the primary social need of every sustainable society is to protect and utilize all their natural
resources in a wise manner.
Ecology also provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can use Earth's
resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future generations. Living things are
organized in to natural communities with mutual dependencies among their members, and they
show various responses and sensitivities to the outside influences. However, the process of
rapid development and industrialization has marked some prominent questions about survival
of the flora and fauna. Fortunately, global awareness during past few years has been
augmenting and worldwide programs for wild life conservation have been formulated. The
worldwide-accepted concept of ‘Sustainable development’ has given a vision of eco-friendly
project execution.
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4.12.1 Necessity of the Ecology Management Plan
Monitoring the influence of anthropogenic activities on flagship species is an important part of

conserving biodiversity, because the information gained is crucial for the development and
adaptation of conservation management plans. Ecological monitoring provides feedback about
the actual environmental impacts of a project. Monitoring results help judge the success of
mitigation measures in protecting the environment. They are also used to ensure compliance
with environmental standards, and to facilitate any needed project design or operational
changes.
Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly recognizing the fact that human activities are
causing environmental and ecological damage. To effectively deal with this environmental crisis,
it is important to understand its dimensions and dynamics. What specifically are the damages,
how are they changing over time, and the best means of prevention or mitigation. To develop
precise ecology management plan, longer-term programs of monitoring and research must be
designed and implemented. Such programs are capable of detecting environmental and
ecological change over large areas, and of developing an understanding of the causes and
consequences of those changes.
4.12.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring
a) To evaluate the prevailing ecological status of the habitats around the proposed project
area.
b) To evaluate impacts of proposed enhancement and addition in the products on the
environment.
c) To assess the impact of proposed enhancement and addition in the products on flora,
avifauna and mammals
d) To recommend suitable environment management plan to minimize any adverse impact
on adjacent area due to the enhancement and addition in the product.
4.12.3 Agriculture and Horticulture
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people with 47% of the population engaged in it.
Paddy is the major crop cultivated in this district. Groundnuts, Sugarcane, Cereals & Millets and
Pulses are the other major crops cultivated. Palar River along with Tanks and wells are the main
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sources of irrigation in this district. Following table shows the details of agriculture in the
district.
4.12.4 Forest Resources
The total forest area in the district is 23,586 ha spread in the interior regions of the district. In
this 366.675 ha are Reserved Land. Much of the natural forests have been converted into man-
made forests since the late 1950s. However, chunks of natural forests still exist in Maiyur and
parts of Kelambakkam R.F. which still support the original vegetation. Kanchipuram district
has the singular distinction of having established woodlots in community (Poramboke) lands
vested with the panchayat.
The major forest product the industrial pulpwood obtained from Eucalyptus plantations is
supplied for paper manufacturing. The lops and tops left after extracting the pulpwood is sold
as fuel wood. Fuel wood is extracted also from the Casuarina plantations. Cashew is the
important Non Timber Forest Produce which contributes a major share of forest revenue.
4.12.5 Water Resources
River Palar is the main river in the district, which is not perennial. This is the only river that flows
thorough the district, originating from Nandhi Durg in Karnataka. It runs through for a length of
350 km and nearly half of it in this district covering a basin area of 2187 sq.km The river has part
of its basin in Karnataka and Andhra states. Most of the year it remains dry due to the dams
constructed across the upstream River of AndhraPradesh. Cheyyar and Vegavathy rivers are
tributaries of Palar and join it at Thirumakkudal.
4.12.6 Fisheries Production
The Kanchipuram District is rich in fish resources. Scope for exploitation of marine fisheries in
the District is high with the coastal line of 57km. A comparison of fish production indicates that
the coastal production is higher than the inland fish production. The fish production from both
inland and marine sources has increased in both quantity and value.
4.12.7 Heritage Sites
Kanchipuram: It is known as the "city of a thousand temples". The 192 ft high temple tower of
Ekamabaranadhar temple and the 100-pillar mandabam (building) in Varadaraja Perumal
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temple in this town are famous, and are considered marvels of the architectural beauty of the
Vijayanagara dynasty. The British Viceroy Robert Clive, who is responsible for the British rule in
India, had exclaimed the architectural beauty of Varadharaja perumal temple and presented a
fabulous jewelry to this temple. Today apart from its temples this small town is also known for
its thriving handloom industry. The city is quite famous for its silk sarees, considered to be
one of the best varieties of silk sarees. Walajapet near Kanchipuram is also famous for silk
saree weaving.
Vedanthangal - Vedanthangal is one of India’s main water-bird sanctuaries situated at a

distance of 48 km from Kanchipuram. Storks, egrets, cormorants, darters, flamingos, pelicans,
moorhens, herons, kingfishers, sandpipers, white ibis, spoonbills, swans and grey wagtails are
some of the birds also which visit seasonally. Between October and March many migratory
birds visit. The birds can be viewed from the bank or from the watch tower.
Muttukadu- Muttukadu is a large lake formed out of the backwaters from Bay of Bengal. It has
boating and wind surfing facilities. It is located at a distance of 80 km from Kanchipuram. The
backwaters of Muttukkadu have been developed by the TamilNadu Tourism Development
Corporation to serve as a picnic spot and a center for water sports.
Mamallapuram- It is a place of architectural interest and lies on the east coast, 55 km south of
Chennai. It is an important tourist center. The shore temple and the monolithic chariots known
as the “Five Rathas” Arjuna’s peanace the Krishna Mandapam, Mahishasura Mandapam, the
elephant etc., are all magnificent pieces of sculpture which attract hundreds of tourists
throughout the year. The place is also known as the Seven Pagodas and along with the sea-
shore and its temple provides a beautiful picnic spot abounding in natural beauty. There is also
a lighthouse here. A training center for sculpture has been set up here by the government. The
group of sculptures in Mamallapuram is listed out by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Covelong -This is a small fishing village 40 km from Chennai on the Mahabalipuram road. The
remains of a fort here now functions as a luxury beach resort. Facilities for windsurfing and
swimming are available here. A dargah and an ancient church are also located here.
The Crocodile Bank - The Madras Crocodile Bank a crocodile breeding center is located about
14 km from Mamallapuram. At this center, about 5000 crocodiles of 6 different species,
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alligators and other reptiles are bred in captivity kept in open, marshy enclosures. There is also
a snake farm where anti-venom is produced and there is a regular venom extraction show.
4.12.8 Biodiversity
Flora: The following are the important flora in the district is given below:
Manilkara hexandra, Mimusops elengi, Albizia amara, Memecylon umbellatum and

Diospyrosferrea synmababuxifolia are the characteristic species of this district. Trees of top
canopy are Mimusops elengi, Diospyros ebenum (occasional), Strychnos nuxvomia (occasional)
Strychnos potatorum (occasional), Diospyros chloroxylon occasional), Drypetes sepiarea (rare)
Syzygium cumini, Canthirum decoccum (frequent), Ziziphus glaberrima (frequent), Acacia
leucophloea (frequent), Catunaregam spinosa (frequent), Buchanania lanzan (occasional),
Sapinda emarginatus (occasional), Albizia amara, Albizia lebbek, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta
indica and Borassus flabellifer. Whereas under wood plants of this district are Carissa carandas
(abundant), Flacourtia indica (Locally abundant), Diospyros ferrea (frequent), Grewia sp.
(abundant), Gymnosporia sp. (frequent), Ixora arborea (frequent), Tarenna ascatica (frequent),
Memecylon umbellatum and Garcinia spicata. The following plants are includes in shrubs of this
district are Strobilanthus, Dodonaea viscosa (abundant), Glycosmis pentaphylla, Ochna
squarrosa, Gmelina asiatica and important herb Hemidesmus indicus. Tropical dry evergreen
scrubs are Diospyros ferrea, Ziziphus glaberrima, Calliea cinerea, Catunaregam spinosa, Carissa
spinarum, Albiziz amara, Buchanania lanzan and Dodonaea viscose.
Thorn forests of this district consist of following flora Acacia chundra (Karunkali), Albizia amara
(Usil), Azaridachita indica (Neem). Cassia fistula (Sarakontrai), Anogeissus latifolia (Namai),
Randia dumentorum (Karai), Albizia odaratissma (Vagai), Carisa carandas (Kala), Strychnos
nuxvomica (Etti), Dodonaea viscosa (Virali), Cassia auriculata (Avaram), Canthum dicoccum,
Aristida setaca and Heteropogon contortus.
Fauna: The following are the important fauna in the district is given below: Canis aureus
(Jackal), Felis chaus (Jungle cat), Funambulus pennanti and F.palmarum (Palm squirrels), Lepus
nigricollis nigricollis (Wild Hare), Harpestes edwardsi (Common mongoose), Suncus sp. (Shrew),
Manis crassicaudata (Pangolim), Milvus migrans govinda (Pariyakite), Haliastuf Indus,
(Brahminy kite), Francolinus pondicerianus (Patridge) Eudynamys scolopacea (Koel), Athene
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brahma (Spotted owlet), Ptyas mucosus (Common rat snake), Naja naja (Cobra) and Ahaetulla
nasutus (Green whip snake).
Illalur Reserve Forests
The contiguous Illalur Reserve Forests extend over an area of 2511 ha, which is formed by Illalur
Reserve Forests, Madayathur Reserve Forests, Alathur Reserve Forests and Kattur Reserve
Forests are plain with undulating rocky hillocks of altitude ranging from 40m to 80m ASL. Soil is
sandy, red and occasionally with lateritic outcrops. Vegetation is primarily tropical dry
evergreen of "Manilkara-Chloroxylon" community which was converted into Cashew
plantations in 1956 and Eucalyptus plantations in 1962. Casurina, Teak and other trees were
planted in 1988. Poor stands of trees like Diospros, Chloroxylon and Lannea coromandelica axe
also found. There are small patches of typical scrub, which are highly vulnerable to cattle
grazing. The low-lying areas of these forests used to get flooded during the northeast monsoon
forming nallas and puddles.
4.12.9 Survey Methodology
4.12.9.1 Flora Survey

All accessible sites will be identified within the study area of 10km radius such that the
ecosystems and land-use types are represented accordingly. The prediction of impacts on flora
and fauna depends on understanding of the proposed project activities, its magnitude/extent,
scale and ecological conditions in the surrounding area. Collection of rapid baseline information
on flora and fauna is therefore a prerequisite for assessment of impacts of the development
activities. All the accessible and identified sites will be divided into four zones with respect to
their distance from the project site: Zone I - sites which fall in the project site i.e. core zone,
Zone II mention the boundary of core zone to 2.5KM, Zone III indicate 2.5 to 5KM, Zone IV -
sites which lie on the outermost zone extending from 5KM to 10KM. All the four Zones of lands
would be mapped for their biological diversity.
Diversity assessment for different plant species and the analysis of Rare –Endemic –
Endangered and Threatened flora was carried out. At each site, a study of floral diversity was
carried out in the following manner. A quadrant of approximately 20 m x 20 m was marked. The
species of trees, shrubs and large climbers, as well as the number of individuals of each species,
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falling within this area were noted. A quadrant of approximately 5 m x 5 m was marked within
this larger quadrate. The species of herbs, both grasses and forbs, and the number of individuals
of each species, falling within this area were noted. Smaller quadrate of 1m x 1 m for the more
prolifically-growing larger herbs, and 10 cm x 10 cm for prolifically-growing minute herbs, were
employed when required.
4.12.9.2 Equipment / Instruments deployed:

Quadrates/Measuring Tape
Measuring tapes
GPS
Camera
Binocular and
Plankton net
4.12.9.3 Faunal Assessment

A detailed study in has been carried out to cross check the list taken from secondary source and
local villagers. In case of vertebrate species, no sampling could be done. Depending on as and
when sighted, the species will be recorded if found within the delimited project and buffer
areas, the animal species are listed on secondary data and circumstances evidence besides
direct observations. These techniques are accepted in EIA studies as per the EIA Notification of
2006. Observations made on direct and indirect evidences for mammalian, avifauna and
reptilian fauna within the study area. Analyses of Scheduled species identify
Habitat/microhabitat diversity in the project site and surrounding areas within 10Km range
from the site.
Flora and fauna studies were carried out during 27 th and 29th October 2017 to assess the list of
terrestrial plant and animal species that occur in the core zone and the buffer zone up to 10 km
distance from the core zone boundary. The biodiversity of the survey area was then evaluated
in terms of Species richness of the woody flora and the avifauna, percentage frequency,
abundance and density of each floral species, and Evenness. The ecological survey locations
were given in Figure.4.46.
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Figure 4-46 Ecological Survey Locations of Study Area(10 km radius)
Terrestrial ecological survey details in Latitude, Longitude provided in the below Table
4.35.
Table 4-35 Terrestrial Ecology Survey Locations

Locations Latitude Longitude
Zone – I : Core Zone Project Area
1 12°41'27.89"N 80°11'26.98"E
2 12°41'29.08"N 80°11'27.88"E
3 12°41'28.84"N 80°11'29.57"E
4 12°41'29.97"N 80°11'29.53"E
Zone – II : Project area boundary to 2.5km radius
5 12°42'42.59"N 80°11'14.90"E
6 12°42'25.79"N 80°11'39.62"E
7 12°42'2.24"N 80°10'54.28"E
8 12°41'39.37"N 80°10'41.96"E
9 12°41'35.63"N 80°11'16.56"E
10 12°41'30.88"N 80°10'55.98"E
11 12°41'6.03"N 80°10'44.60"E
12 12°40'43.99"N 80°10'48.91"E
Zone – III : Boundary of 2.5km to 5km radius
13 12°43'46.81"N 80°11'16.24"E
14 12°43'3.74"N 80° 9'54.40"E
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Locations Latitude Longitude

15 12°42'46.00"N 80°13'26.15"E
16 12°42'20.58"N 80°13'24.88"E
17 12°41'50.42"N 80° 9'48.60"E
18 12°40'49.55"N 80° 9'0.53"E
19 12°40'14.46"N 80°10'28.61"E
20 12°39'38.92"N 80°12'30.00"E
Zone – IV : Boundary of 5.0km to 10km radius
21 12°44'31.72"N 80°14'14.96"E
22 12°46'20.50"N 80°12'51.87"E
23 12°45'38.50"N 80°10'57.98"E
24 12°45'55.69"N 80° 9'55.94"E
25 12°44'20.67"N 80° 7'48.36"E
26 12°44'4.60"N 80° 7'32.65"E
27 12°42'29.41"N 80° 7'0.87"E
28 12°42'25.75"N 80° 7'37.45"E
29 12°41'2.54"N 80° 6'51.96"E
30 12°38'37.75"N 80° 8'14.24"E
31 12°38'57.63"N 80°10'0.43"E
12°37'36.59"N
32 80°11'34.75"E
12°37'36.59"N
4.13 Quantitative analysis of the vegetation
Plot-based random quadrate sampling method was adopted to generate the Phyto-sociological
data viz., density, frequency, abundance and important value index (IVI). Quadrates of 20 m x
20 m size were laid out for the enumeration of the tree species, quadrates of 5 m x 5 m for
shrubs and saplings and quadrates of 1 m x 1 m for herbs and seedlings.
Diameter at breast height (DBH) of 130 cm was consistently used during the present study. In
no case, the thicker part near branching position was considered. Instead diameter of the tree
having a branch at about 130 cm was measured either below 30 cm from the branch or in case
of all the stems above 30 cm from the branch and averaged.
All individuals above 10 cm of girth at breast height (GBH) were considered as trees and all
individuals below 10 cm of GBH or 2 m of height as shrubs and saplings. In each unit, presence
or absence of the species, number of individuals of each species, GBH (only for tree species) to
estimate basal area of the tree species were recorded.
Other ecological parameters viz., abundance, density, frequency, IVI, Shannon-Wiener diversity
index, Simpson’s dominance index, Abundance/Frequency (A/F) ratio for distribution pattern of
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species and Similarity Index were derived from the above basic data.
Frequency, density, abundance and basal area were calculated following Misra (1968).
Number of sampling units in which a species occurs
______________________________________________________________________________
Frequency: X 100
Total number of sampling units studied
The frequency of individual species is the number of times the species occurs in the sampling
quadrant.
Total number of individuals in all sampling units
______________________________________________________________
Density:
Total number of sampling units studied
Density is the measure of dense in the distribution of an individual species within a given area.
Total number of individuals in all sampling units
________________________________________________________________________
Abundance:
Total number of sampling units of occurrence
Total basal area or crown

Dominance: ----------------------------------- X 100
Total area sampled
It reflects the species basal area covered by a species within the sampling area.
4.13.1.1 Relative Density and Dominance
The relative density and dominance values of different species found in the study are shows
that the dominant plants of various sites have a high percentage value of density and
dominance. These values are incorporated in calculating the Importance value Index.
Number of individuals of a species

__________________________________________________________________
Relative density: X 100
Total number of individuals of all species
Number of occurrences of a species

______________________________________________________
Relative frequency: X 100
Total number of occurrences of all species
Total basal area of individual species

________________________________________________________
Relative basal area: X 100
Total basal areas of all species
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4.13.1.2 Observations
The published literature studies reports are used for finalizing the list of core and buffer zone
species. Secondary data compared with the existing sighted species in the study areas. The flora
and fauna lists also cross checked with the local communities.
Observations in Illalur RF and Kattur RF
An effort has been made to identify the impacts of the proposed expansion of paper and board
mill at different stages. Floral and faunal resources used by local communities such as timber,
medicinal and fishing etc are also collected. The mitigation measures were suggested and
conservation of Scheduled species (if any) has been given.
4.13.1.3 General Characteristics of Floral Diversity

The flora of study area was represented by Casuarina equsetifolia, Anacardium occidentale
Azadirachta indica, Cocus nucifera, Ficus sp. Borassus flabelifer, Thespesia populnea, Moringa
oleifera, Odina wodier, Termialia sp. over large area. There were number of agriculture fields
and reserve forests are around project site. In general, flora in North, West and and south west
part of study area was observed to be rich due to Reserve Forests in the buffer zone of study
area. Overall 79 trees and 16 shrub species were recorded during present survey.
4.13.2 Project Site – Greenbelt
The proposed project site is located in SIDCO, Alathur and a green belt area has been developed
in an area of 0.12 Acres of land and planted in surrounding areas.
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Figure 4-47 Existing Green Cover in the Facility
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4.13.2.1 Core Zone study

Within the core area, 4 Locations were selected to quantify the data of flora. Floral density at
core zone of project site was observed to be normal due to greenbelt development. However,
diversity was moderate as 14 species were recorded in greenbelt and surrounding area. Acacia
auriculiformis, Bogainvilla spectabilis, Mangifera indica, Roystonia regia, Phoenix sylvestix,
Cassia siamia, Glyceridium sepium, Delonix regia, Azadirachta indica, Leucana leucophila and
Plumaria alba etc. were observed in green belt area.
Table 4-36 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Core zone
Core (Zone I)
S.No Species Name Family
Frequency Abundance Density
1 Acacia auriculiformis Euphorbiaceae 50.00 1.500 37.5
2 Bogainvillea spectabilis Nyctaginaceae 75.00 1.333 33.3
3 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 100.00 1.250 31.3
4 Roystonia regia Arecaceae 25.00 1.000 25.0
5 Phoenix sylvestrix Arecaceae 100.00 1.250 31.3
6 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 75.00 1.333 33.3
7 Cassia siamea Caesalpineaceae 50.00 1.000 25.0
8 Gliricedia sepium Fabaceae 75.00 1.667 41.7
9 Delonix regia Fabaceae 100.00 1.250 31.3
10 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 50.00 1.000 25.0
11 Leucana leucochepala Fabaceae 75.00 1.333 33.3
12 Plumaria alba Apocyanaceae 50.00 1.500 37.5
13 Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae 75.00 0.667 16.7
14 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae 50.00 1.000 25.0
4.13.2.2 Buffer zone study
From Project site boundary to 10 Km radius is treated as buffer zone (2.5KM, 5KM and 10KM)
and 32 samples of 20m2 each were chosen by taking the following parameters into
consideration.
Villages Human settlements
Agriculture cultivation
Salt Pan
Aquatic Vegetation
Reserve Forests
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4.13.2.3 Villages and Human settlements

Small villages like Alathur, Thandalam and Vengaleri in the 2.5 KM radius from the core zone,
Perur, Thiruporur, Nemmali, Krishnan Karanai, Pattipulam and Edayankuppam are situated in
the 5KM radius whereas villages like Thaipur, Ammapettai, Kattur, Kunnapet, Pooncheri and
Mamallapuram are present in the 10KM of the study area. Alathur is village located at West
direction of the Anjan Drugs. The vegetation around villages was observed to be in healthy and
in natural state. Species like Azadirachta indica, Casuarina equsetifolia, Cocus nucifera, Ficus
benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus jujuba, Ricinus communis, Terminalia
catappa, Moringa oleifera and Tectona grantis, etc were commonly observed near villages.
Human settlement areas in Piyanoor and Alathur Villages
Road side trees in Pooncheri and Thiruporur main Road

4.13.2.4 Agriculture Area
The major crops cultivated in Kanchipuram district are Paddy, Sugarcane, Maize, Black
gram, Green gram and Groundnut. Study area has fertile soils in most of the regions. The
network of the irrigation canals from dam overcomes deficiency of water to a certain extent.
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The cropping pattern of the study area is characterized by diversified cropping patterns exist
and no single crop claims a large share of the gross cropped area. In canal fed areas Paddy
occupies the largest area of cultivation followed by ground nut and sugarcane. Other crops
grown in the region are ragi, pulses, groundnut and coconut, vegetables like brinjal, bhendi and
chilies. Coconut and Mango grooves are also observed.
Figure 4-48 Agricultural land of Study Area
Agricultural field with Mango and Cocunut grooves and Paddy field
Sugar cane and Brinjal cultivation

4.13.2.5 Water Bodies
There are number of small ponds, lakes and ditches are available in the buffer zone now only
they are getting water due to North East monsoon. During survey observations were made in
Thandalam Village tank and Alathur pond.
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Figure 4-49 Surface Water bodies of the Study Area
Thandalam Village Tank and Alathur Village pond
4.13.2.6 Reserve Forest and Plantations

Buffer Zone consists of Illalur Reserve Forest, Kattur Reserve Forest, Alathur RF, Thandalam RF
and Madayathur RF. Transect sampling have been done along the West and North West, South
Western ridges from the core zone. The species composition is heterogeneous with good
canopy cover. Two layers of forest strata can be divisible of which, the first stratum is composed
of Mimusops elengi, Diospyros ebenum, Strychnos nuxvomia, Strychnos potatorum, Diospyros
chloroxylon, Drypetes sepiarea, Syzygium cumini, Canthirum decoccum, Ziziphus glaberrima,
Acacia leucophloea, Catunaregam spinosa, Buchanania lanzan, Sapinda emarginatus, Albizia
amara, Albizia lebbek, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica and Borassus flabellifer. Whereas
under wood plants of second stratum includes Carissa carandas, Flacourtia indica (Locally
abundant), Diospyros ferrea, Gymnosporia sp., Ixora arborea, Memecylon umbellatum and
Garcinia spicata. Tropical dry evergreen scrubs like Diospyros ferrea, Ziziphus glaberrima,
Calliea cinerea, Catunaregam spinosa, Carissa spinarum, Albiziz amara, Buchanania lanzan and
Dodonaea viscose were common in interior of the RF. Among the forest area Eucalyptus
plantations are also observed.
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Figure 4-50 Forest Area of 10 km radius of Study Area
Illalur RF and nearby Plantation
Kattur Reserve Forest

4.13.2.7 Flora in Zone II – project boundary to 2.5 km
The flora in vicinity of Anjan drugs was mainly showed green belt zone of the other industries
showed most of the green belt areas following CPCB guidelines based set of Trees and Shrubs
conmmon trees observed in the Zone II were Acacia leucophila, Albizia lebback, Alstonia
scholaris, Alternanthera pavonina, Anacardium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Borassus
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flabellifer, Canavalia gladiate, Casuarina equsetifolia, Cocus nucifera, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus
religiosa, Leucana leucocephala,, Phyllanthus emblica, Plumeria rubra, Polyalthia longifolia,
Sygygium cumini,Tabebuia rosea, Odina wodier, Zyzyphus jujupa etc. Shrubs like Tecoma stans,
Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Lantana camera and Nerium
oleander were common along roadside. Shannon index value for this zone is 3.634 proved that
rich in diversity.
4.13.2.8 Flora of Zone III – 2.5 to 5 km from Project Site

Zone III was dominated by agriculture land and Reserve Forest hence rich diversity was
observed in this zone. Tree species like Azadirachta indica, Borassus flabelliber, Buchanaia
ovate, Carissa carandas, Cassia angustfolia, Cassia fistula, Cassia siamea, Cocus nucifera,
Delonix regia,Erythrina variegate, Eucalyptus globules, Euphorbia thirucalli, Ficus bengalensis
Ficus religiosa, Gmelina asiatica, Leucana leucophila, Mangifera indica, Melia azadirachta,
Morinda tinctoria, Moringa oleifera, Peltophorum marsupium, Pithocelopium dulce, Polyalthia
longifolia, Pongamia glabra, Pongamia pinnata, Prosopis julifera, Psidium guajava, Sygygium
cumini, Tamarindus indica, Tectona grandis, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia catappa, Thespesia
populnea, Odina wodier, Ziziphus jujuba and Zizyphus xylospyros. Shrubs like Jatropha
gossypifolia, Pergularia daemia, Tinospora cardifolia, Vitex negundo, Tecoma stans, Calotropis
procera, Ricinus communis, and Nerium oleander were common along roadside. Average
species richness was observed to be 55 in Zone III whereas Shannon index value of Zone III was
observed to be 3.982 indicating rich diversity.
4.13.2.9 Flora of Zone IV – 5 to 10 km from Project Site

Zone IV was dominated by agriculture land and Reserve Forest hence rich diversity was
observed in this zone. Tree species like Acacia leucophila, Albizzia lebback, Azadirachta indica,
Bauhinia purpurea, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Borassus flabelliber, Cassia siamea, Delonix regia,
Ervatamia coranaria, Erythrina variegate, Eucalyptu globules, Ficus bengalensis, Ficus
racemosa.Gliricedia sepium,Gmelina arborea. Leucana leucocephala, Mangifera indica. Melia
azadirachta, Memecylon umbellatum, Millingtonia hortensis, Nerium oleander, Odina wodier,
Pavatta indica, Peltophorum marsupium, Pergularia daemia, Phyllanthus emblica, Polyalthia
longifolia, Pongamia glabra, Pongamia pinnata, Prosopis julifera, Sygygium cumini, Tamarindus
indica, Tectona grandis, Thespesia populnea, Odina wodier, Zyzyphus jujupa and Zyzyphus
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xylophyus. Shrubs like Cassia alata, Cassia auriculata, Dodanea viscose, Ipomea carnea,
Jatropha gossypifolia Tecoma stans Lantana camera, Lawsonia inermis, Morinda tinctoria, Vitex
negundo, Thevetia nerifolia, Toddalia asiatica and Vernonia cinera were dominant. Average
species richness was observed to be 59 in Zone IV whereas Shannon index value of Zone IV was
observed to be 4.032 indicating rich diversity.
4.13.3 Faunal Diversity
4.13.3.1 Avifauna
Overall 47 species of birds were recorded from entire study area during this survey period. In
the agriculture areas, large numbers of Mynas, Larks, Bee-eaters, Reed Warblers, Lapwings,
Kites and Drongos were observed. Black Drongo, Ashy Drongo, Indian Roller, Bush Quail, Doves,
Shrikes were observed in dry land. House sparrow, Common crow, Rock Pigeon, Magpie Robin,
Spotted Dove and Baya Weaver were seen near villages. Predators and accipiter like Pariah Kite,
Black winged Kite were occasionally seen near farms and water bodies. Schedule I species
Indian Peafowl was observed in buffer zone.
Majority of species were recorded from lakes and river. However, no migratory species were
recorded during this study. Detailed survey during migration season is required for precise
observations on avifauna. Species like Painted Stork, Open Billed Stork, Glossy Ibis, Black Ibis,
Black Headed Ibis, Coot and Little Grebes were observed near water bodies while species like
Little Egret, Cattle Egret, Pond Heron, Little Cormorant, Kingfishers and River Terns.
Table 4-37 Avifauna observed in study area
S. No Scientific name Common Name
1 Accipiter badius Shikra
2 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna
3 Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark
4 Amaurornis phoenicurus White Breasted Waterhen
5 Anastomus oscitans Asian Open Billed Stork
6 Anthus novaeseelandiae Indian Pipit
7 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron
8 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret
9 Casmerodius albus Great Egret
10 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal
11 Columba livia Rock Pigeon
12 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin
13 Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller
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S. No Scientific name Common Name

14 Corvus splendens Common House Crow
15 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufus Treepie
16 Dicrirus macrocercus Black Drongo
17 Dinopium benghalense Lesser Goldenback
18 Egretta garzetta Little Egret
19 Elanus caeruleus Black Winged Kite
20 Galerida cristata Crested Lark
21 Halcyon pileata White Throated Kingfisher
22 Laniaus schach Long Tailed Shrike
23 Copsychus saularis Magpie robin
24 Megalaima haemacephala Copper Smith Barbet
25 Megalaima zeylanica Brown headed Barbet
26 Meropes leschenaaulti Chestnut - headed bee eater
27 Meropus orientalis Green Bee-eater
28 Milvus migrans Pariah Kite
29 Microcarbo niger Little cormorant
30 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork
31 Passerdomesticus House Sparrow
32 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl
33 Perdicula asiatica Bush Quail
34 Phylloscopus humei Humes Wabler
35 Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis
36 Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis
37 Psittakula krameri Indian Rose ring Parakit
38 Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul
39 Rhipidura auriola White Browed Fantail
40 Sterna aurantia River Tern
41 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove
42 Streptopelia decaocto Euarasian Collared Dove
43 Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove
44 Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe
45 Tephrodornis gularis Large Wood shrike
46 Terdoides striatus Jungle Babbler
47 Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing
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Figure 4-51Avifauna observed in study area during survey period
Black Drongo (Dicrirus macrocercus) Indian pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae)
Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) Red Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer)
Red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
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Little cormorant (Microcarbo niger) Little Egret (Egretta garzetta)
Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii) Black Ibis (in Circle) and Open billed Stork
4.13.3.2 Mammals and Reptiles

Villagers in the buffer area confirmed the presence of Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Wild
Hare (Lepus nigricollis), Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and Bonnet monkey (Macaca
radiata). Other major reptiles are Cobra, Commom Krait, Vipers, Rat Snake, and Monitor Lizard.
Bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) at buffer

zone
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4.13.3.3 Diversity Indices

The following indices were used for estimation of ecological status of this area
1. Shannon’s index
2. Margalef’s index
3. Simpson’s index
The indices were applied to woody flora Shannon’ Index
Typically the value of the index ranges from 1.5 (low species richness and evenness) to 3.5 (high
species evenness and richness), though values beyond these limits may be encountered.
Because the Shannon Index gives a measure of both species numbers and the evenness of their
abundance, the resulting figure does not give an absolute description of a sites biodiversity. It is
particularly useful when comparing similar ecosystems or habitats, as it can highlight one
example being richer or more even than another. There is always the need to inspect the data
or use another index to unpack the true reasons for the difference.
Where: where S is the total number of species and p i is the frequency of the ith species.
The value Shannon’s index of study area is minimum of 2.671 in Core area (Zone I) whereas
3.634 for (Zone II), 3.982 for (Zone III) 4.032 for (Zone IV) were recorded.
Margalef’s Index
It is calculated from the total number of species presented the abundance or total number of
individuals.
Margalef Index (D) = S – 1/ log e N
Where: S – total number of species, N – total number of individuals

The higher the index the greater is the diversity. The value of Margalef’s index for woody flora
were observed to be 2.16, 5.405, 7.237 and 7.654 for Zone I, Zone II, Zone III and Zone IV
respectively.
Simpson's Index measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a
sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species).
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Simpson's Index = n(n-1)/N(N-1)
Where: n – total individuals of each species

N – total individuals of all species
With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value of
D, the lower the diversity. This is neither intuitive nor logical, so to get over this problem, D is
often subtracted from 1 to give:
Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 –
The value of this index also ranges between 0 and 1, but now, the greater the value, the greater
the sample diversity. This makes more sense. In this case, the index represents the probability
that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to different species. Simpson
index values of woody flora was very close to 1 (0.87) indicating uniform distribution of species.
The values of Simpson index for woody flora were observed to be 0.926, 0.972, 0.981 and 0.981
for Zone I, Zone II, Zone III and Zone IV respectively.
Table 4-38 Diversity Index
Study area Dominanc Simpson_1 Shannon_ Evenness_e Margalef
S. No
Zone e_D -D Index H Index ^H/S Index
1 Zone I core 0.745 0.926 2.671 0.978 2.16
Zone II Core -
2 0.028 0.972 3.634 0.947 5.405
2.5 KM
Zone III 2.5-5
3 0.019 0.981 3.982 0.975 7.237
KM radius
Zone IV 5 KM –
4 0.019 0.981 4.032 0.956 7.654
10 KM radius
4.14 Socioeconomic Environment

Socioeconomic Environment depicts Socioeconomic Profile of District, Socioeconomic profile of
the study area based on the findings of the Primary Survey, Secondary Data analysis & the
outcome of the primary survey and Socioeconomic Impact. A Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
examines existing socioeconomic conditions of the said study area and the associated impact
due to the proposed project. The socioeconomic conditions include accessing indicators such as
Demographic, Social, Economic, Health aspects, Cultural aspects, etc. Associated impacts
include positive or negative impacts or even both. Positive impact may be of creating new
employment opportunities, improved transportation, increased land value, local economic
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development, regional economic development etc. The negative impacts may be of losing their
livelihood, land, homestead, threat of outbreaks, threat of losing the public and aesthetic
places, etc. The associated impact out of the project is assessed based on the findings of the
existing socioeconomic conditions and its relation local resources such as Air, Water sources,
Land, forest produces etc. Understanding the local socioeconomic conditions and the
magnitude of the impacts, helps to develop the need based Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) development plan.
4.14.1 Socioeconomic Indicators Considered for the Study
For the purpose of this study, socioeconomic indicators such as demography, literacy, health,
livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were collected. Secondary Published data such as
population and amenities obtained from Directorate of Census Operations, Health indicators
such as immunization levels, institutional births from District Level Household survey-3,
Households under Poverty line and Households availing safe sanitation details are collected
from Baseline Survey-2012, published by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation,
Socioeconomic and Caste Census 2011 published by Ministry of Rural Development.
4.14.2 Primary Survey
Primary Survey was undertaken from 14th to 15th September 2017. During this survey, primary
data in relation to geographical features, settlements, roads and amenities in the respective
villages were observed. In addition to the site observations, discussion was done with the village
representatives from the villages falling within 2.5km of the project site. The discussion was
mainly focused on mapping the existing amenities in the respective villages, felt basic needs,
Problems if any due to the existing project operation. The discussion was carried out with the
village representatives, farmers, etc who have good knowledge about the village and
happenings.
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Figure 4-52 Primary Survey
Discussion in Alathur Village Discussion in Pattipulam Village
Discussion in Meenavar Paguthi -

Discussion in Tandalam Village
Pattipulam Village
The project site is located in the Alathur SIDCO, Tiruporur Taluk, Kancheepuram District.
Tiruporur Taluk was formed in 2012 by bifurcating from Chengalpattu Taluk. It is bounded in the
west by Vellore District and Thiruvannamalai District, in the north by Tiruvallur District and
Chennai District, in the south by Viluppuram District and in the east by the Bay of Bengal. The
Kancheepuram district is known as city of thousand temples. Kancheepuram was the historical
capital of Pallavas, having magnificent temples and unique architectural beauty that bears
testimony to its ancient glorious of Dravidian heritage. It is also known for its richest silk.
Mamallapuram, Uthiramelur and Sriperumpudur are some of the other historical places in the
district. Kancheepuram district had a population of 3,998,252, with a sex-ratio of 986 females
for every 1,000 males. The average literacy of the district was 75.37%, compared to the national
average of 72.99%.
The district is also known for the numerous electronic and software units in the IT corridor,
Giant car manufactures like ford, Hyundai, BMW and Nissan, Telecommunication multinationals
and the famous glass manufacturer Saint Gobain Glass. SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur is one
among the six industrial estates developed by TANSIDCO. There are about 3152 factories
working with the total employment generation of 95,210 from the registered companies and
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1,35,465 of the wage employment generation. In addition to the large and medium scale
industries in the district, there are number of micro and small scale industries in the district
generating the total employment opportunities of 77,193.
4.14.2.1 Demography and Culture

Alathur village is a revenue village located in Tiruporur taluk of Kancheepuram disrict.
Kancheepuram is the district head quarters. The SIDCO industrial estate had made significant
development in the region by way of infrastructure development such as roads,
communications, community infrastructure, etc. The study area is part of Kancheepuram
District which is called as place of thousand temples. he traditional occupations of the residents
of Kancheepuram have been agriculture and weaving of the Kanjivaram Silk Saris. However the
study area is about 60 km from the Kancheepuram city and people in the study area is mostly
dependent on Agriculture. The core village which falls within 2.5 km radius of the existing
project site is mostly dependent on the industries directly or indirectly. The industrial
development in the region had improved the lifestyle and economic status of the people in the
region. The Cumulative population in the study area is 1,05,671 with 53,797 males and 51,874
females, which is only about 2.64% of the District’s population. The children population below 6
years old was found to be 11,973 which are of about 11.33% of the total population. District’s
Population density is 892 per square kilometer as compared to State 555. The Sex Ratio was
found at 964 females per thousand males, with that of District’s ratio of 986. The Vulnerable
populations such as Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes population were 38.3% and 2.1%
respectively.
4.14.2.2 Livelihood and Economic Activity

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Kancheepuram district with 47% of the
population engaged in it. Paddy is the major crop cultivated in this district. Groundnuts,
Sugarcane, Black gram & Green Gram are the other major crops cultivated. Kancheepuram is
known as a silk city and Temple city since the place is known for producing a best quality silk
sarees and place for number of historical monuments and temples. This attracts number of
tourist in the region. Mahabalipuram is one of the main tourist places in Kancheepuram and
the group of sculptures in Mahabalipuram is listed out by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
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Kancheepuram district reported to have the highest number of foreign tourist visitors in Tamil
Nadu after Chennai.
According to Census 2011, the percentage of working population in the study area was 41.3%
and as against the state’s level percentage was 45.58%. 78.23% of the working populations are
main workers employed for more than 6 months in the year. About 28.91% of the total working
population in the study area was engaged in agricultural activity. The agricultural workers were
sub-grouped into Cultivators and Agricultural Labors. In which 8.32% were cultivators and
20.6% were Agricultural Labors. The percentage of Household and Other workers group were
2.7% and 68.3% respectively.
Figure 4-53 Workers Group Dstribution
Other
68.3%
Non HH
Workers Workers 2.7%
59% 41%
Agri Labors
20.6%
Cultivators
8.3%
Based on the data collected from Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011, published by Ministry of
Rural Development, it was reported that in Chengalpattu Taluk11 58.66% of the households are
having monthly income of less than 5000 and 26.6% of them with income range of 5000 to
10000. The district per capita income of Kancheepuram District based on Net State Domestic
Product (NSDP) is 70,667 which is fifth highest in the state followed by Kanniyakumari, Tiruppur,
Thiruvallur, Virudhunagar districts12.
11
Tiruporur Taluk bifircated from Chengalpattu Taluk in 2012
12
Department of Evaluation and Applied Research, Tamil Nadu - An Economic Appraisal 2011-12 to 2013-14 -
http://www.tn.gov.in/dear/
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4.14.2.3 Health Status and Infrastructure
Based on the District Statistical Handbook 2013-14, Kancheepuram District, the district is
equiped with modern medical facilities in both government and private hospitals. The district
has about 12 major hospitals, 57 Primary health centers and 364 primary health sub centers in
the Kancheepuram district. With respect to the study area, the Tiruporur taluk has 5 primary
health centres, 25 sub centers with the total bed strength of 57 beds. The people in the core
zone of the study area mostly visit to the government hospital located at Tiruporur PHC and
Mahabalipuram PHC at the time of ailment and Chengalpattu GH for any major health issues.
Based on the ‘District level Household survey – 4’ published by Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare, Institutional Birth Rate in the district was about 100% and the same is compared with
the state rate of 99%. The childhood immunization was to be only 64.4% which is more than
that of state rate of 56%. The rate of Infant mortality rate in Kancheepuram District was 8.8 per
1000 infants born (Ref-13).95.86% of the Tirupoorur Block habitations are covered under the
National Rural Drinking water program.
PHC Mahabalipuram Anganwadi – Alathur
4.14.2.4 Drinking Water and Sanitation Facilities

The main source of Drinking water facility in the study area is through piped water supply
supplied by Panchayat and local municipality. The study area is situated in the coastal region
where the ground water is saline and most of the people are dependent on the water supplied
through public sources. Based on the District level household survey-4 about only 98.4% of the
people in Kancheepuram district is accessed to safe drinking water facility. 59.2% of the district
population is accessed to safe sanitation facilities.
13
http://kanchi.nic.in/Aboutdistrict/dhb_2013_14.pdf
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OHT – Tandalam Panchayat OHT – Pattipulam Panchayat

4.14.2.5 Education Indicators
In the study area about 80.34% of the total populations are literates, where national literacy
rate is of 64.8% and state’s literacy rate of 80.09%. In district 79.9% of the children aged 7plus
are literates (Ref- 14). The rate of male literacy rate (87.74%) is more when compared with the
female literacy rate (72.65%). Within the study area there are about 94 schools where 57
schools are only up to primary classes, 17 schools are primary along with upper primary classes,
8 primary with upper primary and secondary and 12 Upper primary with Hr. Secondary schools.
Govt. Arts College- Nemeli Middle School – Tandalam Panchayt
Hr. Sec. School - Pattipulam Panchayat Hr. Sec. School - Nemeli
14
District Level Household Survey (DLHS -4)
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Figure4-54 Schools in the Study Area
Source: SchoolGIS, School Location Mapping – Department of School Education & Literacy.
4.14.3 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators
Table 4-39 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators
S.No Particulars Study Area State

1 Study Area – Districts / State Kanchepuram District Tamil Nadu
Number of Administrative
2 47 ( Incl 2 Towns) -
Divisions in the Study Area
3 Total Households 25932 1,85,24,982
4 Total Population 1,05,671 72,147,030
5 Sex Ratio 964 996
6 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 11,973 74,23,832
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S.No Particulars Study Area State

7 Children Sex Ratio 984 943
8 Urban Rural Ratio 27:73 48:52
9 SC Population 38.30% 20.01%
10 ST Population 2.10% 1.01%
11 Total Working Population 45.58% 45.58%
12 Main Workers 78.23% 84.98%
13 Marginal Workers 21.77% 15.02%
14 Agricultural Workers 28.91% 42.13%
15 Household Industries 2.70% 4.88%
16 Other Workers 68.30% 53.71%
Percentage of HH with Monthly
17 58.66% 78.0%
Income less than 5000
18 Institutional Birth Rate 100% 94%
19 Childhood Immunization 64.40% 81.60%
20 Drinking Water Facilities 95.86% 94.70%
21 Sanitation Facilities 59.20% 39%
22 Literates 80.34% 71.84%
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EIA for the Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017718-
without any Additional or New Infrastructure of the 1315
Existing Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Chapter 5- Assessment of
Thiruporur Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Environmental Impacts
5 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
5.1 General
This chapter describes the identification and evaluation of variation of impacts due to the
proposed enhancement project during the constructional and operational phases. The
proposed enhancement project will not required any additional infrastructure because of
existing facility has adequate capacity of infrastructure. The proposed enhancement project
will be developed within the existing facility and no additional land will be acquired.
The environmental impacts are categorized as primary and secondary. Primary impacts are
those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are those, which
are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed pattern
of social and economic activities by the proposed action. An attempt has been made to
assess the enduring environmental impact, if any during the construction or operational
phases.
5.2 Construction Phase Environmental Impacts

Unlike Green field project, the proposed enhancement project will be developed within the
existing facilities which having adequate capacity of infrastructure for post project. The total
land area of the existing plant is 2 acres. Construction related environmental impacts will be
limited to plant site which are reversible in nature.
The proposed enhancement project layout and installation activities will be designed to
ensure that existing storm water drains are undisturbed. The post project will not disturb
any greenbelt and plantation area in the existing facility and hence the ecological and
biological environment at the existing facility will not be altered. The impact on land use is
insignificant for the post project scenario.
Since the proposed enhancement doesn’t foresee major construction activity, the impacts
on soil, air, noise, and water has not been discussed in this chapter.
5.3 Impacts during the Operation Phase
The following activities related to the operational phase will have varying impacts on the
environment and are considered for impact assessment:
Air Quality-Point and fugitive emission and associated environmental impacts
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Noise Levels
Water resources and quality- Wastewater discharge quantities, characteristics
and disposal practices
Solid and hazardous waste -collection, storage and disposal practices
Impacts on ecological and biological environment
Socioeconomic Impacts
5.3.1 Impacts on Air Quality – Point Source Emissions
There is no significant effect of air pollution in the proposed enhancement project.

However, The Criteria pollutants of concern for the project are Particulate Matter (PM 10)
emissions, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) from the existing 3 TPH boiler
is due to increase in fuel consumption during post project scenario.
5.3.1.1 Predications of Ground Level Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants

An attempt was made to predict the likely impacts (predicted ground level concentrations)
of Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx from the existing 3 TPH boiler due to the increase in fuel
consumption for the proposed enhancement project. The inputs for the air quality
dispersion modelling are summarized in Table 5.1.
It has been estimated that incremental fuel consumption of 3 TPH boiler will be 85.04 kg/hr
and sulphur content of the fuel is 2.99 % to 4.5 %. The estimated SO2, NO2 and PM
emissions from the existing 3 TPH boiler will be in the order of 1.41 g/s, 0.07 g/s and 0.15
g/s and stack height of 30 m has considered for the air quality modelling.
Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by employing mathematical
model based on a steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for multiple
point sources for short term. In the present case, ISCST3 dispersion model, designed for
multiple point sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental
Protection Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from point sources. The model
simulations deal with dispersion of three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2),
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) and Particulate Matter (PM) emitted from the stacks.
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Table 5-1 Air Quality Modelling Inputs

Emission Source Units 3 TPH Boiler
Quantity of increment Fuel Utilized Kg/hr 85.04
Stack height m 30
Stack tip diameter m 0.4
Sulphur Content % 3
Flue gas Temperature K 422
3
Stack Flue Gas Quantity Nm /day 135178
Velocity m/s 17.6
Increment in SO2 emissions g/s 1.41
Increment in NOx emissions as per AP42@ 3g/kg of
g/s 0.071
furnace oil
Increment in Particulate Matter g/s 0.16
5.3.1.2 Output of the Modeling Studies

The site specific meteorological information indicated that, predominantly winds were
found to blow from West direction, North-West and South-West direction and hence the
impact zone will be East, South-East and North-East direction respectively. Predicted ground
level concentrations in the form of Isopleths are presented through Figures 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3.
The input and output files used for ISCST3 modelling are enclosed in Annexure.19.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)- The peak predicted 24 hrs Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of
sulphur dioxide will be in the order of 5.79 µg/m3 and such concentrations will occur at a
distance of 1 km from the stack. The concentrations were found to get diluted rapidly and
diminished to insignificant raise. The envisaged resulting concentrations during post project
will be in the range of 3.8µg/m3 to 14.43µg/m3. Thus the envisaged pollutant concentrations
are below the prescribed NAAQ standards which are presented in Table.5.2.
Table 5-2 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Sulphur Dioxide Concentration
Distance Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m³)
Direction from
Location Station from Stack Average Post Project
Stack GLCs
(in km ) Baseline Scenario
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 0.0 10.2 10.2
AAQ2 Alathur West 1.26 0.17 8.5 8.67
AAQ3 Thandalam North 2.86 0.33 6.4 6.73
AAQ4 Krishnankaranai East 2.6 1.83 12.6 14.43
AAQ5 Perur North-East 4.6 0.32 4.8 5.12
AAQ6 West-South- 0.0 3.8
Sirudavoor 3.5 3.8
West
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Distance Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m³)

Direction from
Stack GLCs
AAQ7 Payanoor South-West 5.1 0.02 5.4 5.42
AAQ8 Mamallapuram South-East 7.2 0.00 7.1 7.10
Figure 5-1 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study area
Source of Map: Bhuvan – Indian Geo-Platform of ISRO.

Site Specific Wind Rose for the
Study Period (24th July 2017 to
22nd October 2017)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2)- The peak predicted 24 hrs GLC of NO2 will be in the order of
0.29µg/m3 and such concentrations will occur at a distance of 1Km from the stack. The
concentrations were found to get diluted rapidly. The envisaged resultant concentrations
(Table 5.3) will be in the range of 12.33µg/m3 to 26.96µg/m3 during the post project
scenario, which will be below the prescribed NAAQ standards. Thus the envisaged pollutant
concentrations are below the prescribed NAAQ standards which are presented in Table.5.3.
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Table 5-3 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Oxides of Nitrogen Concentration
Distance Oxides of Nitrogen (µg/m³)
Direction from
Stack GLCs
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 0.0 23.3 23.3
AAQ2 Alathur West 1.26 0.001 19.2 19.2
AAQ6 West-South- 0.0 14.0
Sirudavoor 3.5 14.0
West
Figure 5-2 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of NOx within 10 km Radius of the Study area
Particulate Matter (PM)- The peak predicted 24 hrs GLC of PM will be in the order of
0.66µg/m3 and such concentrations will occur at a distance of 1Km from the stack. The
concentrations were found to get diluted rapidly. The envisaged resultant concentrations will
be in the range of 38.2µg/m3 to 75.5µg/m3 during the post project scenario, which will be
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below the prescribed NAAQ standards. Thus the envisaged pollutant concentrations are
below the prescribed NAAQ standards which are presented in Table 5.4.
Table 5-4 Estimated Post Project Scenario of Resultant Particulate Matter Concentration
Distance Particulate Matter (µg/m³)
Direction
from Stack GLCs
AAQ1 Plant Site - - 0.0 59.9 59.9
AAQ2 Alathur West 1.26 0.02 50.4 50.4
AAQ6 West- 0.0 49.7
Sirudavoor 3.5 49.7
South-West
Figure 5-3 Predicted 24 hrs GLC of PM 10 within 10 km Radius of the Study area

5.3.1.3 Summary of the Air Quality Modelling Results
Based on the findings of the detailed air quality modelling exercise, it is inferred that the
resultant cumulative concentration at around 10 Kms radius distance from proposed
enhancement project will comply with the NAAQ Standards. Since there are no ecologically
sensitive locations present around the project site, environmental risks due to release of
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emissions from the proposed process units is insignificant. The summary of the predicted
GLC’s is predicted in Table 5.5. The emissions from the 3 TPH boiler is insignificant for the
post project scenario.
Table 5-5 Summary of the Predicted GLCs

Envisaged Peak
Peak Baseline Peak Predicted GLCs
Parameter Resultant concentration
concentration (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
(µg/m3)
PM10 83.8 0.66 84.46
SO2 17.8 5.79 23.59
NOX 34.1 0.29 34.39
5.3.2 Noise Emissions
Some of the noise generating equipments such as DG sets are currently housed inside an
acoustic enclosure with an average wall thickness of 230 mm to attenuate noise emissions.
According to the Noise Control Handbook (ref)15, a 230 mm brick wall will provide a noise
reduction level of about 20 Db(A) to 25 Db(A) across the wall.
Besides, honking should be prohibited at the site, along with speed restrictions within the
site will significantly help in controlling the noise level at the site. The green belt provided
within the site will act as noise barrier between inside and outside environment.
According to the environmental regulations, industrial facilities should adopt sound noise
abatement and control programme to meet the following criteria. Sound pressure levels at
the property boundary should be less than 55 Dba during daytime hours and 45 Dba during
night time hours. Noise levels near the work-zone areas should comply with a maximum
permissible level of 85 Dba.
5.3.3 Impacts due to Vehicular Traffic
A marginal increase in the vehicular traffic is envisaged due to the increase in transportation
of raw materials, chemicals etc in the post project scenario. Therefore the impact caused by
the marginal increase in vehicular movement would be insignificant on the surrounding
environment.
15
Acoustics and Noise Control Handbook for Architects and Builders, Leland K. Irvine Roy L. Richards
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5.3.4 Impacts on the Water Environment
No ground water source will be used to meeting the water requirements during operation
of proposed enhancement project. The total fresh water required for the post project will
be 70 m3/day which will be sourced from the SIDCO water.
Out of the total fresh water requirement, 10 m3/day of water will utilized for domestic
purposes and 7m3/day will be utilized for greenbelt development whereas the remaining 53
m3/day of fresh water will be utilized for the process. About 75 m3/day of treated
wastewater from RO & MEE will be directly recycled back to the process and the envisaged
evaporation losses from the process will be 43m3/day. The detailed water material balance
of the proposed enhancement project is presented in Table.5.6 and Figure 5.4
Table 5-6 Water Requirement and Wastewater Recycle for Existing and Post Project
S. No Category Unit Existing Post Project
1 Fresh Water Requirement m3/day 6.3 70
2 Wastewater generation m3/day 1.2 85
3 Treated wastewater recycling m3/day - 75
5.3.4.1 Waste water Generation

Waste water treatment system envisaged will cover all the plant waste water. Waste water
collected from the other sources (RO reject, Plant Process water, Boiler blow down, Floor
wash, cooling tower etc) will be collected and treated in dedicated ETP which having
neutralization tank, Secondary settling tank, Sludge separation tank, Sludge drying tank,
MEE etc.
The wastewater generated from the plant will be treated in an Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP) to comply with the norms of CPCB. The waste water generation for the proposed
enhancement project to ETP will be 85m3/day. In order to maintain environmental friendly
operations ADPL has proposed to enhance the existing effluent treatment to treat and
recycle wastewater in order to achieve Zero Discharge of effluent treatment plant. It is
proposed to install a Two Stage Reverse osmosis plant is followed by MEE to recycle
additional 63 m3/day of treated water into the process, about 22 m3/day of treated
wastewater from RO will be further processed in the multiple effect evaporators to treat the
high TDS RO Reject. After recycling, the balance treated wastewater of 12 m3/day will be
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used in the boiler. The details of waste water generation for post project are presented in
Table.5.7.
Table 5-7 Details of Wastewater Generation

Existing Wastewater Proposed Wastewater
Equipment
Generation(m3/day) Generation(m3/day)
RO Reject - 7
Process 0.3 5
Boiler 0.5 33
Cooling Water 0.4 15
CIP Wash - 25
Total 1.2 85
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without any Additional or New Infrastructure of the Existing 1315
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 5- Assessment of
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Environmental Impacts
Figure 5-4 Water Balance for the Post Enhancement
Fresh Water (70 m3/day) 43

70 Evaporation losses
7 5 16 25 0 7 10
RO Reject Process Boiler CIP + Wash Cooling Tower Green Belt Domestic
Raw water Water Makeup Usage
7 5 33 25 15
85 Recycling Common SIDCO

Recycling water
water = 58 Sewage drain
(5+12=17) ETP
Note: Recycled water 85

5
Evaporation losses RO
145m3/day is the total water 22

consumption out of which 75
12 10
m3/day is recycled to the Multiple Effect
process. Evaporation losses
Evaporators
All the values are considered
as m3/day
Salts to TSDF
facilities
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5.3.5 Ground Water Quality and Movement of Pollutants
Detailed water quality assessment is necessary in areas where there is intensive ground water
development, Industrialization and urbanization as it is also subjected to qualitative changes in
the environment around. Quality of water is influenced considerably by the quality of its source
and occurrence. In order to describe water quality of the study area the ground water quality
have been tested for TDS values using TDS Scan (Potable TDS testing equipment) from wells in
core and buffer zones during field investigation.
5.3.5.1 Total Dissolved Solids:

The Total Dissolved solids concentration of the study area reveals that 450% of the area falls in
500-1000 mg/L category which is potable as per the drinking water standards. The higher
concentration of >5000 mg/L occupies very less area of 0.5 %. (Only on well). The quality of
water is poor due to the pumping from the deeper aquifer. The bore well is located nearer
vicinity of the project site. Since there is no pumping in the project area, there will not be
adverse impact on the ground water system due the project activity. As per the BIS Standards
the TDS concentration in drinking water is in the following order: <500 mg/L Potable 500-2000
mg/L can be used in absence of better source, >2000 Non-Potable.
Fresh Water requirement will be 70 m3/day with domestic usage and waste water generation is
about 85 m3/day out of which 75 will be recycled to the process and 50 m3/day is evaporation
losses. Since there is zero discharge from the project site there will not be any adverse impact
on the quality of the ground water aquifer. The Total dissolved Concentration of the study area
is presented in Figure.5.5
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Figure 5-5 Total Dissolved Concentration of the Study Area
5.3.6 Solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and disposal practices
The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal of solid and
hazardous waste generated during operation. There shall be marginal additional generation of
process residues and waste from post project, posing no major impact on land environment.
The solid waste (hazardous/ non hazardous) generated during this phase shall be disposed to
identified authorized disposal agency.
The details of solid waste (both hazardous & non-hazardous) generated for existing and post
project scenarios of the plant are given in Table 5.8 along with quantity and disposal methods.
For the new and increased quantity, application will be made to TNPCB for authorization after
getting prior environmental clearance.
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Existing Post Project Activity for which
(TPA) (TPA) Authorization issued
Process Residue and
28.1 0.9 300 Waste Management
wastes
Limited, Gummidipoondi
Used/Spent Oil 5.1 0.05 2
Discarded containers/
barrels/ liners
contaminated with 33.3 3.7 5
hazardous waste/
chemicals
Flue Gas cleaning Disposal to M/s Tamil Nadu
residue (Boiler Ash 34.1 0.25 45 Waste Management
waste) Limited, Gummidipoondi

Chemical Sludge from
34.3 0.2 20 Waste Management
waste water treatment
Limited, Gummidipoondi
5.3.7 Impacts on Ecological and Biological Environment
5.3.7.1 Impacts on Flora

Impacts on flora are envisaged only in close vicinity of proposed development due to emissions
and vehicular movements. However, further development of greenbelt will attenuate any
adverse impact. Hence, maximum care should be accorded to young saplings. Since Zero
discharge was planned the treated wastewater will not be discharged into surface waters.
Hence, no impacts on aquatic flora are envisaged.
5.3.7.2 Impacts on Fauna

Greenbelt development will enhance floral diversity and proposed development will have
positive impact on ecology by providing suitable habitats for avifauna reptiles and small
arboreal mammals.
5.3.8 Socioeconomic Impact
The proposed project does not envisage any additional land requirement and the project is to
be developed within the existing site premises. The project site is located within the SIDCO and
land utilized is designated for the industrial use and therefore there is no change in the land use
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pattern. Rehabilitation and Resettlement process is not be applicable under “The Right to Fair
Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act,
2013” as displacement of any families is not envisaged in the project. Based on the baseline
studies, some of the observations or findings are listed below.
Ground water had become unsuitable for drinking and water is sourced by the Panchayat
through piped supply. RO water is used by the people who offered to it and majority of the
people are consuming the raw water supplied by the Panchayat.
The villagers from Alathur and Vengalari villages which are adjacent villages to the SIDCO
industries are feeling odour nuisance and dust emissions due to various industrial
activities.
Alathur and Vengaleri villagers also reported to have some health problems such as eye
and breathing related problems.
Fishermen also reported to reduction in the fish catch in the resent years due to the
waste water discharge by the SIDCO into the sea.
The workable mitigation plan to be developed to mitigate any impacts and planned
environmental Management plan will be developed through the CSR activities.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 6-Analysis of Alternatives
6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVIES
The proposed project involves enhancement of production capacity without any additional or
new infrastructure of their existing facility. A comparative analysis of various alternatives was
considered to avoid or minimize the impacts that would be inevitable in the process. The
process of analysis involves identifying the constraints, avoiding activities causing adverse
impact and maintaining the economic feasibility.
The range of alternatives selected for the purpose of analysis includes:
Site alternative
Technology alternative
6.1 Site Alternative

No additional land is required for the production enhancement project. Hence no alternative
sites were considered. The proposed facilities required for the manufacturing of one new
product will be within the existing facility without any additional or new infrastructure of their
existing facility.
6.2 Technology Alternative

The proposed project involves enhancement of the production of existing product (Valproic acid
& salt) and addition of a new product (Gabapentin) based upon the present market conditions.
Production of other seven consented products will not be manufactured during the post
enhancement of production capacity. The intermediate products required for the manufacture
of the proposed product, Gabapentin will be sourced from the local market. Hence the
production of process of Gabapentin will be limited to final stages with purification only.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 7-Environmnetal
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Monitoring Program
7 ENVIRONMNETAL MONITROING PROGRAM
7.1 Preamble
The primary objective of the Environmental Monitoring Program is to determine the
effectiveness of Environmental management Plan or the mitigation measures developed within
the EIA study and to monitor the quality of the environment periodically in a systematic
manner. Monitoring strategies and programmes are designed to establish the current status of
the environment with respect to various environmental parameters such as air, water and soil.
With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator
for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable
taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as
important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can be
determined only by efficient monitoring.
7.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring

The objectives of Environmental Monitoring for a project include the following;
To develop a database against which the short term and long term environmental
impacts of the project can be determined.
To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project implementation
To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented through periodic
monitoring
To evaluate and ensure the statutory compliance of the project with respect to various
environmental parameters.
To define the responsibilities of the project proponents and environmental monitors and
to ensure effective communication of environmental issues amongst them.
To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental damage
occurs
To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of
human activities and mitigation measures
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7.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedures

Monitoring of environmental parameters include direct measurement and recording of
quantitative information, such as concentrations of discharge, emissions and wastes, for
measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets to evaluate the
compliance status. It also requires measurement of ambient environmental quality in the
vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may
include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of
complaints.
7.4 Environmental Monitoring Program

ADPL is committed for environmental protection and thus the facility has implemented robust
environmental monitoring programs to achieve the regulatory compliance and beyond in the
existing facility. The same monitoring program shall be adopted for the proposed enhancement
program. The existing monitoring programs implemented in the facility are as follows;
Monitoring of Stacks for various air pollutants generated during various manufacturing
activities which are being surveyed by TNPCB periodically.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at 5 locations inside the plant premises by TNPCB
Monitoring of raw and MEE Condensate I & II effluent by MoEF&CC approved external
laboratory.
Flow inlet and outlet, pH, COD, BOD, sensors are installed at ETP and being connected to
CPCB & TNPCB server for monitoring of treated effluent.
Ambient Noise Monitoring at five different locations in the existing facility by TNPCB.
The following monitoring program will be implemented for the proposed expansion project as
against the existing monitoring programs based on baseline data compliances.
Table 7-1 Environmental Monitoring Program

Monitoring/
Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Program
Monitoring Type recording
Component Location for Proposed Project
Frequency
Ambient Air Quality Existing practices will
5 locations inside
Air Environment Monitoring (PM10, PM2.5, Annually be continued for the
the Project site
SO2, NOx & VOC) proposed emissions
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Monitoring/
Environmental Monitoring Monitoring Program
Monitoring Type recording
Component Location for Proposed Project
Frequency
Stack Monitoring (SO2,
NOx, PM, Temperature, DG Set Stack,
Annually
Flow Rate & Exit velocity of Boiler Stacks
the gas, Cl
Ambient Noise Quality
Noise 6 locations in the Existing practices will
Monitoring (Existing Annually
Environment plant premises be continued
ambient noise level in Leq)
Raw wastewater &
Treated Effluent Quality
Water Treated effluent Existing practices will
(pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Oil & Monthly
Environment MEE Condensate I be continued
Grease, Cr6+)
& II
7.5 Applicable Standards for data analysis
The monitored data will be analyzed and compared with the baseline levels as established in
the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different government agencies. The
standards against which the different environment components will be compared are as per
Table 7.2
Table 7-2 Applicable Standards for data analysis

S.No Component Applicable Standards
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS),
1 Ambient Air Quality Central Pollution Control Board, State Pollution
Control Board (SPCB)
Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise,
2 Noise Quality
CPCB
3 Surface Water Quality IS:2296: Class ‘C’ Water, CPCB
4 Groundwater Quality IS: 10500 Standards, BIS
5 Soil Quality --
IS 2490 (1974) – Discharge into Sea,
IS 3306(1974) – Discharge on land,
6 Treated wastewater
IS 3307(1974) - Discharge for agricultural use
State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)
7.6 Reporting Schedule
The monitoring results of the different environmental components will be analyzed and
compiled report will be sent to concerned authorities every six months. pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Oil
& Grease. Air quality parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, VOC will be online and logged on
to SPCB / CPCB web portals. The report will also list the project activities along with the
environmental mitigation measures and will evaluate the efficiency of the Environmental
Management Plan.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 8-Additional Studies
8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
This chapter includes Public Consultation, Quantitative Risk Assessment. As a part of the EIA
study for the proposed enhancement project of manufacturing one new product, the risk
assessment is conducted for the additional solvents to be utilized in the proposed product.
8.1 Public Consultation

The project site is located at Small Industrial Development Corporation Limited (SIDCO) ,
Government of Tamil Nadu. Hence, the public consultation has also been exempted as per the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006 under per section 7(i), (iii) stage (3) ,
para (i)(b) which states that all Category ‘A’ and Category B1 projects or activities shall
undertake Public Consultation, except, “All projects or activities located within industrial estates
or parks (item 7(c) of the Schedule) approved by the concerned authorities, and which are not
disallowed in such approvals” and as per MoEF &CC, OM Dated 07.12.2014 & 04.04.2016, Public
Hearing is not required, in respect of small scale undertakings located in a designated industrial
area/ industrial estates.
8.2 Rapid Risk Assessment Study and Risk Mitigation Measures

8.2.1 Introduction
ADPL was conducted a Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) study for Proposed Enhancement of Production
Capacity without any Additional or New Infrastructure of the Existing Bulk Drug unit as part of EIA.
8.2.2 Scope of the Study
Scope of the RRA study covers the following:

Furnace oil storage tanks (2 Nos)
Diesel storage tank
N-Propanol vertical storage tanks (6 Nos)
N-Propanol tanker truck
Piping from N-Propanol storage tank to facility
Note:
The following materials are not considered in the RRA study, as there are no flammable and
toxic hazards associated with them
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Valproic Acid & Salts

Intermediate Di-Propyl Malonic Acid (DPMA)
Gabapentin
The following materials are not manufactured currently in the facility due to market conditions
and will not be manufactured in future.
Vanillin
Erythromycin salt
Mebendazole
Guain Fensin
Ethyl Vanilin
Phenyl Propanolamine
Clatrimazole
8.2.3 Objective of the Study
The Objective of RRA study is
Identification of worst case accidental events

Assessment of risk arising from the hazards and consideration of its tolerability to
personnel, facility and environment which includes the following
Calculation of physical effects of accidental scenarios
Identification and quantification of the risks and contour mapping on the layouts.
Evaluation of risk against the risk acceptable limits.
Risk reduction measures to prevent incidents, to control accidents.
8.2.4 Modeling Software
8.2.4.1 Phast v7.21 and Safeti v7.21

The software developed by DNV is used for risk assessment studies involving flammable and
toxic hazards where individual and societal risks are also to be identified. It enables the user to
assess the physical effects of accidental releases of toxic or flammable chemicals.
Phast v7.21 is used for consequence calculations and Safeti v7.21 is used for assessing risk. The
software contains a series of up to date models that allow detailed modeling and quantitative
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assessment of release rate pool evaporation, atmospheric dispersion, vapor cloud explosion,
combustion, heat radiation effects from fires etc. The software is designed to facilitate
compliance with regulatory requirements of many countries, with tailor-made specifications
incorporated into the program.
The software is developed based on the hazard model given in TNO Yellow Book as well as
various incidents that had occurred over past 25 years. CMSRS has used the latest version of
DNV software for developing the consequences for each model.
8.2.5 Risk Assessment Methodology
The risk assessment calculations based on the shared data was carried out at CMSRS office
using DNV’s Phast and Safeti v7.21 software. Finally, risk reduction measures were suggested
based on the risk levels. The above-adopted methodology is depicted in the form of flow chart
below:
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Figure 8-1 Flowchart of Methodology of QRA

Define the Goal (Statutory, Emergency
Planning, Consequence, Etc.
Location, Layout, Process Parameters
Hazard Identification
Quantification of Hazard
Select most Credible Scenario Select Worst Case Scenario
Frequency Estimate Consequence

Estimation
Estimate Effect of Damage
Estimate Frequency of Occurrence
Estimate Risk
Yes
Is Risk
End
Acceptable?
No
Prioritize and Reduce Risk
Recommendation to reduce the Risk
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8.2.5.1 Identification of Hazards and Release Scenarios

Containment is defined as one or several devices; any parts which are permanently in open
contact with one another, and which are intended to contain one or multiple substances. A Loss
of Containment is one containment system that will not lead to the release of significant
quantities of hazardous substance from other containment systems.
The following data were collected to envisage scenarios:
Composition of materials flowing through equipments and pipeline

Flow rate of materials passing through pipelines
Equipment/pipeline conditions (phase, temperature, pressure)
Accidental release of flammable liquids/gases can result in severe consequences. Delayed
ignition of flammable gases can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead
to extensive loss of life and property. In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can
be put out or contained in most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a
flammable gas or a vapor cloud gets released. Major accident hazards arise, therefore,
consequent upon the release of flammable gases.
8.2.5.2 Factors for Identification of Hazards

In any installation, main hazard arises due to loss of containment during handling of flammable
chemicals. To formulate a structured approach to identification of hazards, an understanding of
contributory factors is essential.
Inventory-Inventory analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short
listing of release scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard.
Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A
practice commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major
releases from fractures of pipelines and vessels/tanks containing sizable inventories.
Parameters-Potential vapor release for the same material depends significantly on the
operating conditions. This operating range is enough to release a large amount of vapor in case
of a leak/rupture, therefore the storage tank/pipeline leaks and ruptures need to be considered
in the risk Assessment calculations.
Blast overpressures depend upon the reactivity class of material and the amount of gas
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between two explosive limits. For example, LPG once released and not ignited immediately is
expected to give rise to a vapor cloud. These vapors in general have medium reactivity and in
case of confinement of the gas cloud, on delayed ignition may result in an explosion and
overpressures.
Initiating Events- Both the complexity of study and the number of incident outcome cases are
affected by the range of initiating events and incidents covered. This not only reflects the
inclusion of accidents and/or non-accident-initiated events, but also the size of those events.
In this study, two types of LOC events are envisaged viz., the one in which there is a high
frequency of occurrence but having low consequential effects (hole in the drain/vent line of the
reactor, instrument tapping failure, etc.,) and the one in which there is a low frequency of
occurrence but with high consequential effects (a catastrophic rupture of a vessel).
8.2.5.3 Types of Outcome Events

Depending on the considered LOC scenarios, the following outcomes are expected:
Jet fire
Pool fire
Flammable gas dispersion (Flash Fire)
Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE)
Jet fire- Jet fire occurs when a pressurized release (of a flammable gas or vapor) is ignited by
any source. They tend to be localized in effect and are mainly of concern in establishing the
potential for domino effects and employee safety zones rather than for community risks. The
jet fire model is based on the radiant fraction of total combustion energy, which is assumed to
arise from a point slowly along the jet flame path. The jet dispersion model gives the jet flame
length.
Pool Fire- This represents a situation when flammable liquid spillage forms a pool over a liquid
or solid surface and gets ignited. Flammable liquids can be involved in pool fires where they are
stored and transported in bulk quantities.
Early pool fire is caused when the steady state is reached between the outflow of flammable
material from the container and complete combustion of the flammable material when the
ignition source is available. Late pool fires are associated with the difference between the
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release of material and the complete combustion of the material simultaneously. Late pool fires
are common when large quantity of flammable material is released within short time.
Flammable gas dispersion (Flash fire) - A flash fire is a sudden, intense fire caused by ignition of
a mixture of air and a dispersed flammable gas. It is characterized by high temperature, short
duration, and a rapidly moving flame front.
Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) - Vapor cloud explosion is the result of flammable materials in the
atmosphere, a subsequent dispersion phase, and after some delay an ignition of the vapor
cloud. Turbulence is the governing factor in blast generation, which could intensify combustion
to the level that will result in an explosion. Obstacles in the path of vapor cloud or when the
cloud finds a confined area, e.g. as under the bullets, often create turbulence. The VCE will
result in overpressures.
8.2.5.4 Consequence Calculations

In consequence, analysis, use is made of a number of calculation models to estimate the
physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material) and to predict the damage (lethality,
injury, material destruction) of the effects.
Accidental release of flammable liquids can result in severe consequences. Immediate ignition
of the pressurized chemical will result in a jet flame. Delayed ignition of flammable vapors can
result in blast overpressures covering large areas.
The calculations can roughly be divided in three major groups:
a. Determination of the source strength parameters;

b. Determination of the consequential effects;
c. Determination of the damage or damage distances.
8.2.5.5 Source Strength Parameters

Calculation of the outflow of liquid vapors out of a vessel/tank or a pipe, in case
of rupture. In addition, two-phase outflow can be calculated.
Calculation, in case of liquid outflow, of the instantaneous flash evaporation and
of the dimensions of the remaining liquid pool.
Calculation of the evaporation rate, as a function of volatility of the material,
pool dimensions and wind velocity.
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Source strength equals pump capacities, etc. in some cases.
8.2.5.6 Consequential Effects

Dispersion of gaseous material in the atmosphere as a function of source
strength, relative density of the gas, weather conditions and topographical
situation of the surrounding area.
Intensity of heat radiation [in kW/ m2] due to a fire, as a function of the distance
to the source.
Energy of vapor cloud explosions [in bar], as a function of the distance to the
distance of the exploding cloud.
Concentration of gaseous material in the atmosphere, due to the dispersion of
evaporated chemical. The latter can be either explosive or toxic.
8.2.5.7 Selection of Damage Criteria

The damage criteria give the relation between the extents of the physical effects (exposure) and
the effect of consequences. For assessing, the effects on human beings consequences are
expressed in terms of injuries and the effects on equipment / property in terms of monetary
loss. The effect of consequences for explosion or fire can be categorized as:
Damage caused by heat radiation on material and people

Damage caused by explosion on structure and people
In consequence, analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are
distinguished:
Heat radiation due to fires - in this study, the concern is that of Jet fires and pool
fires
Explosions
Toxic effects, from toxic materials.
The knowledge about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure.
Following are the criteria selected for damage estimation:
8.2.5.8 Heat Radiation

The effect of fire on a human being is in the form of burns. There are three categories of burn
such as first degree, second degree and third degree burns. The consequences caused by
exposure to heat radiation are a function of:
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2
The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m ]
The exposure duration [sec]
The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body)
The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-
degree burns are given in the table below:
Table 8-1 Damages to human life due to heat radiation

Exposure Radiation energy Radiation energy (2nd Radiation energy (1st
Duration (1% lethality), kW/m2 degree burns), kW/m2 degree burns), kW/m2
10 sec 21.2 16 12.5
20 sec 9.3 7.0 4.0
Table 8-2 Effects due to incident radiation intensity
Incident
Radiation Type of Damage
(kW/m2)
0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation
Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin (first degree burns
4.0
are likely)
Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic
12.5
tubing etc.
37.5 Heavy Damage to process equipments
Reference: CCPS, Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis
The actual results would be less severe due to the various assumptions made in the models
arising out of the flame geometry, emissivity, angle of incidence, view factor and others. The
radiation output of the flame would be dependent upon the fire size, extent of mixing with air
and the flame temperature.
Table 8-3: Damage due to overpressures

Peak
Damage Type Description
Overpressure
0.30 bar Heavy Damage Major damage to plant equipment structure
Repairable damage to plant equipment and
0.10 bar Moderate Damage
structure
0.03 bar Significant Damage Shattering of glass
As per the guidelines of CPR 18 E Purple Book:

The lethality of a jet fire and pool fire is assumed to be 100% for the people who are
caught in the flame. Outside the flame area, the lethality depends on the heat
radiation distances.
For the flash fires lethality is taken as 100% for all the people caught outdoors and for
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10% who are indoors within the flammable cloud. No fatality has been assumed
outside the flash fire area.
Overpressure more than 0.3 bar corresponds approximately with 50% lethality.
An overpressure above 0.2 bar would result in 10% fatalities.
An overpressure less than 0.1 bar would not cause any fatalities to the public.
100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper.
8.2.6 Probabilities
8.2.6.1 Population Probabilities

It is necessary to know the population exposure in order to estimate the consequences and the
risk resulting from an incident. The exposed population is often defined using a population
density. Population densities are an important part of a Risk assessment for several reasons.
The most notable is that the density is typically used to determine the number of people
affected by a given incident with a specific hazard area. The population density can be averaged
over the whole area that may be affected or the area can be subdivided into any number of
segments with a separate population density for each individual segment.
In this study, based on the data from ADPL-Alathur, the following population data considered
for the study.
Table 8-4 Population Distribution

S. No Location Population
1 Canteen 30
2 Electrical panel room 2
3 Raw material storage area 2
4 Solvent storage area 1
5 Admin and Engineering block 7
6 Boiler house 1
7 QC Lab 8
8 ZLD area 2
9 Manufacturing block-1 & 2 13
8.2.6.2 Failure/ Accident Probabilities
The failure data is taken from CPR 18E – Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment, developed
by the Committee for the Prevention of Disasters, Netherlands.
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The impacts due to internal domino effects are not explicitly covered in QRA. An internal
domino needs to be considered only in case of a situation in which the failure of one
component clearly leads to the failure of another component. As the biggest vessel/ tank are
considered for instantaneous failure the impact due to internal domino effects are assumed to
get covered in the analysis.
8.2.6.3 Weather Probabilities

As per CPR 18E there are six representative weather classes:
Stability Class Wind Speed

B Medium
D Low
D Medium
D High
E Medium
F Low
Low wind speed corresponds with 1-2 m/s

Medium wind speed corresponds with 3-5 m/s
High wind speed corresponds with 8-9 m/s
Observations in the Pasquill stability classes C, C/D and D are allocated to stability class D. Wind
speeds below 2.5 m/s, between 2.5 m/s and 6 m/s and above 6 m/s are allocated to the wind
speed categories low, medium and high respectively.
Wind Speed A B B/C C C/D D E F

<2.5 m s -1 D Low F Low
2.5-6 m s -1 B Medium D Medium E
>6 m s-1 D high Medium
The wind speed in each weather class is equal to the average wind speed of the observations in
the weather class.
For this study, as per the standard meteorological data available for the site, wind velocity on a
maximum throughout a year is 1 m/s. Based on the meteorological data, following weather
conditions are considered:
1 F (Where F denotes Stable Condition – night with moderate clouds and light moderate
winds; 1 denotes wind velocity in m /sec)
2 D (where D denotes neutral condition – little sun and high wind or over cast / windy
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night; 2 denotes wind velocity in m /sec)

In general the largest effect distance for release of substances is found with stable weather.
8.2.6.4 Temperature and Relative Humidity:

Based on Climatologically data from the Indian Meteorological Department, an average
temperature of 30°C and relative humidity of 75% is found pre-dominant in the facility.
Table 8-5: Wind Direction
Percentage Number of days Wind from

N NE E SE S SW W NW Calm
Night 11 4 2 2 12 21 27 11 10
Day 7 13 24 26 14 6 5 2 3
8.2.6.5 Ignition Probabilities

Immediate Ignition Probability: Immediate ignition can be considered as the situation where
the fluid ignites immediately on release through auto-ignition or because the accident, which
causes the release, also provided an ignition source. Immediate ignition probability is assumed
based on the Reference manual BEVI risk assessments version 3.2, developed by the National
Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for External Safety, Netherlands.
Table 8-6: Probability of Immediate Ignition

Source term Source term Probability of
Substance category
Continuous Instantaneous direct ignition
Category 0 < 10 kg/s < 1,000 kg 0.2
(average/ high reactivity 10 – 100 kg/s 1000 – 10,000 kg 0.5
gases) > 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.7
< 10 kg/s < 1,000 kg 0.02
Category 0
10 – 100 kg/s 1000 – 10,000 kg 0.04
(low reactivity gases)
> 100 kg/s > 10,000 kg 0.09
Category 1
All flow rates All quantities 0.065
(highly flammable liquids)
Category 2
All flow rates All quantities 0.01
(flammable liquids)
Category 1(Highly flammable)
Liquid substances and preparations with a flash point below 21 °C, which are not,
however, extremely flammable
N-Propanol is taken as category 1 liquid
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Category 2(Flammable)
Liquid substances and preparations with a flash point greater than, equal to 21 °C and
less than, or equal to 55 °C.
Diesel and furnace oil are taken as category 2 liquids
Delayed Ignition Probability: Delayed ignition is the result of the build-up of a flammable vapor
cloud, which is ignited by a source remote from the release point. It is assumed to result in flash
fires or explosions, and also to burn back to the source of the leak resulting in a jet fire and/or a
pool fire. Delayed ignition probability is assumed based on the National Institute of Public
Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for External Safety, Netherlands.
Table 8-7: Probability of Delayed Ignition

Source Type Ignition Source Probability of Ignition
Point source Adjacent process installation 0.5
Flare 1.0
Oven (outside) 0.9
Oven (inside) 0.45
Boiler (outside) 0.45
Boiler (inside) 0.23
Line source high-voltage cable (per 100 0.2
m) 0.5
Ship
Population Households (per person) 0.01
source Offices (per person) 0.01
8.2.6.6 Modelling Assumptions

In addition to the methods and assumptions in the modeling as noted above, the following
assumptions are used:
For the PHAST modeling the ‘horizontal’ option is selected for above ground equipment
as release orientation and ‘vertical’ option is selected for underground equipment this
for conservative distances.
Jet fires in PHAST have been modeled using the un-impinged jet model. This leads to
conservative, longer jet fire lengths as the model assumes that there are no obstacles to
reduce jet momentum and therefore jet length and distances to radiation levels.
Isolation time (includes time for manual isolation) of 30 minutes is considered for the
released inventory calculations.
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The probability of failure on demand of the system as a whole is about 0.01 per demand.
TNT explosion model is used in the study.
Probability of Flash fire is 0.6 and Explosion is 0.4
8.2.7 Consequence Analysis
8.2.7.1 Scenarios
This section documents the consequence-distance calculations, which have been computed for
the accident release scenarios considered. Following are the potential Loss of Containment
scenarios envisaged for ADPL Alathur facility.
Table 8-8: List of LOC Scenarios

S No. Loss of Containment Scenarios
Storage Tanks & Tank Truck
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank
5 Leak of N-Propanol vertical storage tank
6 Rupture of N-Propanol vertical storage tank
7 Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck
8 Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck
Piping
9 Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility
10 Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility
8.2.7.2 Consequence Analysis
Sudden release of hydrocarbon can result in a number of accident situations. As large number
of failure cases can lead to the same type of consequences, representative failure cases are
selected for this analysis. The failure cases are based on conservative assumptions and
engineering judgment. Typically, failure models are considered for 100% pipe
diameter/catastrophic rupture of vessels for rupture and 10% leak (hole size max 50 mm) for
pipelines and 10mm leak size for vessels, based on the guidelines of CPR 18 E.
Table 8-9: Inventory details

Inventory Pressure Temperature
S No. Scenarios
(kL) (bar) (°C)
Storage Tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank 15 Atmospheric Ambient
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank 15 Atmospheric Ambient
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Inventory Pressure Temperature

S No. Scenarios
(kL) (bar) (°C)
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank 15 Atmospheric Ambient
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank 15 Atmospheric Ambient
Leak of N-Propanol vertical storage
5 12 Atmospheric Ambient
tank
Rupture of N-Propanol vertical
6 12 Atmospheric Ambient
storage tank
7 Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck 20 Atmospheric Ambient
8 Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck 20 Atmospheric Ambient
Piping
Flow rate Pressure Temperature
S No. Scenarios
(m3/hr) (bar) (°C)
Leak of Piping from N-Propanol
9 3 4 Ambient
Storage Tank to Facility
Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-
10 3 4 Ambient
Propanol Storage Tank to Facility
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8.2.7.3 Summary of Jet Fire

Table 8-10: Jet Fire Results
Jet fire radiation downwind damage distances in m
1.5F Weather Condition 5D Weather condition
S No. Scenarios
4 12.5 37.5 4 12.5 37.5
kW/m2 kW /m2
Storage tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank NA NA NA NA NA NA
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank 2.88 NR NR 2.53 NR NR
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank NA NA NA NA NA NA
5 Leak of N-Propanol vertical storage tank 2.38 1.51 1.04 2.34 1.46 1.01
6 Rupture of N-Propanol vertical storage tank NA NA NA NA NA NA
7 Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck 7.08 6.53 NR 5.75 4.38 NR
8 Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck NA NA NA NA NA NA
Piping
9 Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility 7.99 6.66 5.70 7.73 5.87 3.21
10 Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility 5.62 4.58 NR 4.72 3.37 NR
Analysis:
Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility, at a weather condition of 1.5 F, will cause maximum damage due to jet fire. The jet fire
radiation of 4 kW/m2 will reach up to a distance of 7.99 m, 12.5 kW/m2 will reach up to a distance of 6.66 m and 37.5 kW/m2 will reach up to a
distance of 5.70 m.
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8.2.7.4 Summary of Late Pool Fire

Table 8-11: Pool Fire Results
Pool fire radiation downwind damage distances in m
S No. Scenarios
4 12.5 37.5 4 12.5 37.5
kW /m2 kW /m2
Storage tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank 24.35 15.52 7.59 25.95 18.38 8.68
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank 35.47 15.83 NR 40.71 20.21 NR
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank 27.55 17.17 8.42 33.78 25.12 13.56
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank 37.05 15.51 NR 43.68 19.99 NR
6 Rupture of N-Propanol vertical storage tank 33.66 20.48 8.68 35.12 23.40 10.15
7 Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck 55.22 34.83 17.45 56.74 38.41 20.74
8 Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck 54.15 33.49 15.92 56.39 37.66 19.72
Piping
10 Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility 25.35 16.33 8.07 26.47 18.63 8.70
Analysis:
Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck, at a weather condition of 5 D, will cause maximum damage due to pool fire. The pool fire radiation of 4 kW/m2 will
reach up to a distance of 56.74 m, 12.5 kW/m2 will reach up to a distance of 38.41 m and 37.5 kW/m2 will reach up to a distance of 20.74 m.
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8.2.7.5 Summary of Vapour Explosion

Table 8-12: Vapour Cloud Explosion Results
Over pressure damage distances in m
S No. Scenarios
0.03 0.1 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.3
bar bar
Storage tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
5 Leak of N-Propanol vertical storage tank NR NR NR NR NR NR
Piping
9 Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility NR NR NR NR NR NR
10 Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility NR NR NR NR NR NR
Analysis:
Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck, at a weather condition of 1.5 F, will cause maximum damage due to vapor cloud explosion. An overpressure of
0.03 bar will reach up to a distance of 43.49 m, 0.1 bar will reach up to a distance of 30.02 m, 0.3 bar will reach up to a distance of 25 m.
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8.2.7.6 Summary of Flammable Gas Dispersion

Table 8-13: Flammable Gas Dispersion Results
Distance to concentration results
S No. Scenarios LFL LFL
UFL LFL UFL LFL
Frac Frac
Storage tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank 2.91 3.24 3.26 2.42 2.97 3.01
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank 6.73 7.10 7.11 6.65 6.72 6.73
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank 0.38 3.01 5.10 0.29 2.89 3.70
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank 4.56 4.37 4.38 4.33 4.60 4.61
Piping
10 Rupture of Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility 2.76 2.78 2.79 2.70 2.73 2.75
Analysis:
In case of Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck, at a weather condition of 1.5 F, UFL concentration is present up to a maximum downwind distance of
6.85 m, LFL concentration is present up to a maximum downwind distance of 15.04 m and LFL Fraction concentration is present up to a maximum
distance of 25.97 m.
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8.2.8 Risk Presentation
8.2.8.1 Individual Risk

The Individual Risk calculation can be done using the specific locations of the known sources at
the establishment. The Individual Risk represents the frequency of an individual dying due to
loss of containment events (LOCs). The individual is assumed to be unprotected and to be
present during the total exposure time. The Individual Risk is presented as contour lines on a
topographic map. Overall individual risk contour for the proposed enhancement of production
capacity without any additional or new infrastructure of the existing bulk drug unit is presented
in Figure.8.2.
8.2.8.2 Societal Risk

The Societal Risk calculation can be done using the specific locations of the known sources at
the establishment and outside the establishment. The Societal Risk represents the frequency of
having an accident with N or more people being killed simultaneously. The people involved are
assumed to have some means of protection. The Societal Risk is presented as an FN curve,
where N is the number of deaths and F the cumulative frequency of accident s with N or more
deaths. F-N curve for the proposed enhancement of production capacity without any additional
or new infrastructure of the existing bulk drug unit is presented in Figure .8.14
LOC Event Frequencies: The event failure frequency of LOC scenarios are listed below. Sources
of event failure frequency are from CPR 18E and OGP database.
Table 8-14: LOC Event Frequency

Failure frequency for
S No. Scenarios
study (per Year)
Storage Tanks
1 Leak of Furnace oil storage tank 1.00E-04
2 Rupture of Furnace oil storage tank 5.00E-06
3 Leak of Diesel storage tank 1.00E-04
4 Rupture of Diesel storage tank 5.00E-06
5 Leak of N-Propanol vertical storage tank 1.00E-04
6 Rupture of N-Propanol vertical storage tank 5.00E-06
7 Leak of N-Propanol tanker truck 5.00E-07
8 Rupture of N-Propanol tanker truck 1.00E-05
Piping
9 Leak of Piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to Facility 5.00E-06
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Failure frequency for

S No. Scenarios
study (per Year)
Rupture of piping from N-Propanol Storage Tank to
10 1.00E-06
Facility
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Overall Individual Risk Contour for Anjan Drug Private Limited – Alathur Facility
Figure 8-2 Overall Individual Risk Contour
Page 215
Societal Risk (F-N Curve):
Figure 8-3 F-N Curve
Page 216
8.2.9 Risk Analysis and Control Measures
8.2.9.1 Risk Acceptance

In India, there are no defined criteria for risk acceptance. However, in IS 15656 – Code of
Practice for Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Annexure E summarizes the risk criteria
adopted in some countries. Extracts for the same is presented below:
Table 8-15: Risk Acceptability Criteria

Maximum Tolerable Negligible Risk
Authority and Application
Risk (Per Year) (Per Year)
VROM, The Netherlands (New) 1.0E-6 1.0E-8
VROM, The Netherlands (Existing) 1.0E-5 1.0E-8
HSE, UK (Existing Hazardous Industry) 1.0E-4 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (New Industries) 1.0E-5 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (Substance Transport) 1.0E-4 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (New Housing Near Plants) 3 x 1.0E-6 3 x 1.0E-7
Hong Kong Government (New Plants) 1.00E-5 Not Used
To achieve the above risk acceptance criteria, ALARP principle was followed while suggesting
risk reduction recommendations
Unacceptable region Risk cannot be

justified
-4
10 Per annum
The ALARP or tolerability Tolerable only if further risk
Region (risk is undertaken reduction is impractical, or the

cost is not proportionate to
Only if a benefit is desired
-6
10 Per annum
Broadly acceptable Negligible risk

Region
Risks closer to the unacceptable region merit a closer examination of potential risk
reduction measures
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Table 8-16: Risk Summary

Individual Risk
S No. Location
/avg. year
1 Admin & Engineering block 2.53E-07
2 Raw material storage area 2.23E-09
3 Solvent storage area 4.84E-05
4 ZLD area 1.67E-09
5 Electrical panel room 9.00E-09
6 Canteen 5.63E-07
7 At ADPL plant boundary (North side) 9.57E-06
8 At ADPL plant boundary (South side) 1.24E-06
9 At ADPL plant boundary (East side) 6.83E-10
10 At ADPL plant boundary (West side) 5.92E-06
Legend:
Unacceptable ALARP Acceptable
Acceptability of Risk is provided as per UK HSE as follows:
Unacceptable risk: Risk greater than 1.00E-04 per average year

ALARP: Between 1.00E-04 and 1.00E-06 per average year
Acceptable risk: Risk less than 1.00E-06 per average year)
With reference to the risk acceptance criteria specified by HSE, UK in IS 15656:2006 - Code of
Practice on Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis it is observed that the risk levels of Admin &
Engineering block, Raw material storage area, ZLD area, Electrical panel room and Canteen are
in Acceptable region and solvent storage area is in ALARP region. The risk levels in ALARP is
expected to come down to acceptable limits if all the control measures recommended in this
report are implemented in addition to the existing risk control measures.
8.2.10 Recommendations
1. Ensure that periodical inspection and thickness measurement are to be carried out
for the proposed storage tanks as specified by OISD129-Inspection of Storage Tanks
2. As per OISD 119, ensure bunds provided at the solvent storage tank area have proper
drainage system.
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3. Ensure that foam Pourers are to be made available for the proposed storage tank
area as per OISD-117.
4. Portable monitors/foam hose streams shall be provided for fighting fires in dyked
area and spills.
5. Spill control kit and procedure shall be in place to contain any spill, clean them up
properly and dispose off any containment waste safely.
6. Windsocks are to be installed for knowing wind direction during emergency.
7. Ensure mutual training sessions and mock drills related to first aid, fire fighting and
evacuation should be conducted to appraise and train different levels of responders
in emergency control.
8.2.11 Conclusion
The above risk control measures are recommended in addition to the existing risk control
measures to maintain the risk levels within ALARP and acceptable region.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 9-Project Benefits
9 PROJECT BENEFITS
This project, besides general economic desirability, would result in substantial socioeconomic
benefit to the country in general and more specifically to the region. These socio-economic
benefits are described hereinafter,
9.1 Contribution to the Nation

The proposed enhancement project involves in the manufacturing of Gabapentin that are viable
in the market namely Neurontin and it is used primarily to treat seizures and neuropathic pain. It
is recommended as one of a number of first line medications for the treatment of neuropathic
pain in diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and central neuropathic pain. It is known as
an anti-epileptic medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, hot flashes, and restless
legs syndrome. In epilepsy it may be used to affect the chemicals and nerves in the body that
are involved in the cause of partial seizures and some types of pain.
The global gabapentin sales market is segmented on the lines of its technology, treatment,
application and regional. Thus the increasing demand of product in India can be met as ADPL
proposes to add additional products at the existing facility.
9.2 Socio Economic Development

and no additional infrastructure will be required. Hence, no additional manpower is required for
this enhancement of production capacity. ADPL is constantly working with the community to
provide CSR activities. CSR Initiatives of ADPL would help achieve many social development
objectives of the State Government for the region. Improvement in the overall socio-economic
status of the vicinity of project area, in the areas of health, education, livelihood and
infrastructure is expected.
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Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 10- Environmental
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Management Plan
10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Preamble
This chapter presents an overview Environmental Management Plan. The Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the project site. EMP
also ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the design and
the mitigation measures as recommended in the Environment Impact Assessment study to
reduce the adverse impacts during the project’s life cycle.
The plan outlines existing and potential problems that may adversely impact the environment
and recommends corrective measures where required. The identification and quantification of
impacts based on scientific and mathematical modeling have been presented in Chapter 5. Also,
the plan outlines roles and responsibility of the key personnel and contractors who are charged
with the responsibility to manage the proposed project site and its surroundings.
Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall EMP for the study area are planned for
implementation, to improve the supportive capacity of the study area and also to preserve the
assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies.
10.2 Administrative Aspects

The key benefits of EMP are that it provides the organization with means of managing and
improving its environmental performance thereby allowing it to contribute to better
environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control and improved relations with the
stakeholders. EMP includes four major elements;
Commitment & Policy

Planning
Implementation
Measurement & Evaluation
10.2.1 Commitment & Policy
ADPL strives to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that incorporates
all issues related to environmental and social components and will comply with the suggestions
given by the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) and Tamil Nadu
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Pollution Control Board (TNPCB). In this regard, ADPL has a well laid down Environment Policy
which was approved by their Board of Directors.
10.2.2 Planning
This includes identification of environmental impacts, and setting environmental objectives.

ADPL is committed to follow the said plan in letter and in spirit. Pollution control arrangements/
mitigation measures for different types/sources of pollution.
10.2.3 Implementation
The company believes in preservation of the Environment and will install and will ensure
efficient operation of its pollution control equipment/systems. Company will ensure that
trained manpower is available for operating, maintaining and documenting the effective
environmental operations.
10.2.4 EHS Management System
For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and consistent functioning of the
project, an EHS Management System has been adopted by ADPL. The EMS includes the
following:
EHS Management Group

Environmental Monitoring Program
Environment, Safety, Health & Affairs Guidelines
Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Plan
Documentation – Standard operating procedures of EHS
Plans and other records
10.2.5 Environmental Management Records
ADPL will maintain a well-established system of records to demonstrate compliance with the
environmental performance management system and the extent of achievement of the
environmental objectives and targets. In addition to the other records (legislative, audit and
review reports), management records shall address the following:
Details of failure in compliance and corrective action

Details of incidents and corrective action
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Details of complaints and follow-up action

Appropriate contractor and supplier information
Inspection and maintenance reports
Product identification and composition data
Monitoring data
Environmental training records
Housekeeping
10.2.6 Environmental Management Plan Structure
This EMP is designed as an overriding document in a hierarchy of control plans, and sets out the
overarching framework of environmental management principles that will be applied to the
project during preconstruction, construction and operation phase of the project.
The EMP contains guiding environmental principles and procedures for communication,
reporting, training, monitoring and plan review to which all staff, contractors and
subcontractors are required to comply with throughout the operation phases of the proposed
enhancement program.
ADPL has been implementing a sound Environmental Management Program and achieving
environmental leadership. A robust environmental monitoring and compliance adherence
process have been established by ADPL across their facilities. The Environmental Management
activities are being implemented by the support staff of dedicated environmental management
cell headed by a Managing Director. The environmental management procedures and standard
operating procedures that are currently adopted in the existing facilities will be adopted during
the design, construction and operational phases of the quality improvement project.
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Figure 10-1 Environmental Management Cell
Managing Director
General Manager- HR
Manager- Maintenance
Engineers- EHS
10.2.7 Measurement & Evaluation
This includes monitoring of implementation of the mitigation measures, corrective actions and
record keeping. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended to minimize the
impact on the environmental and social parameters.
10.2.8 Record Keeping and Reporting
Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for ensuring
sustainable operation of the proposed manufacturing unit. Records will be maintained for
regulatory, monitoring and operational.
Typical Environmental Management Plans for the proposed project are summarized in below
sections
10.3 Environmental Management Plan during construction Phase

The existing plant will not be altered as there will not be change in layout as there are only
modifications in the existing building, thus there is no impact during the construction phase of
the due to the proposed enhancement.
10.4 Environmental Management Plan during Operation Phase

10.4.1 Air Environment
The main source of pollution for the proposed enhancement project is due to the emission from
the existing 3 TPH Boiler. After the enhancement of proposed production capacity the steam
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demand will be increased to 3 TPH which will be met through existing boilers and fuel
requirement will require additional 2.25 TPD of furnace oil due to steam demand for post
project scenario thereby increasing the air emissions marginally and the adequate stack height
of 30m is installed to disperse the controlled boiler emissions into the atmosphere.
Since the overall emissions from the boiler will be reduced, air quality impacts on the
surrounding areas are not envisaged to increase. Overall increase in the background pollutant
concentrations due to release of vehicular emissions will be insignificant. Hence, no significant
impacts due to emissions from vehicles and the plant operations to the nearby villages are
envisaged.
About 0.25TPD of diesel is used as fuel for DG sets and marginal increase by 0.5 TPD is
envisaged for post enhancement scenario. DG set is being operated during power shut down
from grid supply. Hence, emissions from the DG set are not envisaged on a continuous basis and
there is no additional of DG sets are at the facility for the proposed enhancement. The
adequate stack height is provided for the existing DG as per the standards and the emissions are
within permissible limits as per TNPCB norms.
10.4.2 Noise Environment
No additional noise generating equipments will be installed. Hence no change in background

noise levels is envisaged.
10.4.3 Water and Waste Water Management
The source of water for the project is from SIDCO and the fresh water consumption is proposed
to increase from 6.3 m3/day to 70 m3/day due to the proposed enhancement activities.
Domestic wastewater generated from the facility will send to the common SIDCO drain. Around
85 m3/day of wastewater will be generated after enhancement which will be treated in
modified ETP.
10.4.4 Rainwater Harvesting System and Storm water Management System
The storm water in the project area will be collected through existing storm water drains to
ensure that this is totally separated from process effluent. The excess storm water will be
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connected to the SIDCO main storm water drain. Rainwater harvesting system is also provided
to recharge the ground water and the rain water is also collected through the restoration pond.
Rainwater harvesting within the project site, 25 years monthly normal rainfall has been
considered. The pre and post project runoff from the project site is estimated based on Rational
method. The Co-efficient used to estimate the runoffs from the different surfaces are as
follows. The co-efficient are considered are as per the MoE&CC and CGWA Guidelines.
Roof Area - 0.95

Asphalt and Paved Area - 0.85
Green Belt Area - 0.20
Open and Vacant Area - 0.30
Volume of rainwater can be collected from the project site has been estimated for the monthly
normal rainfall. Vacant & Green belt area, Roof top area and paved area of the project site have
been separated for the run off estimation and conservation measures have been suggested. The
details of various areas are as follows
Description Total area in Sq.m

Roof Area 3333
Asphalt / Paved area 450
Green belt, Lawn 486
Open area / Vacant Area 3791
Total Area 8060
10.4.4.1 Predicted Runoff from the Project Site

The rainfall and the land area have been taken up for the estimation of runoff for the prediction
from the project site. As it is build up land, the natural recharge that had taken place during the
pre-construction period would not occur and hence there would be meager infiltration. The
losses such as, Percolation, evaporation and other unforeseen loses has been considered.
Figure 10-2 Runoff from the Project Site

Runoff
Location Area (Sq m)
Coefficient
Roof Area (m²) 3333 0.95
Asphalt area and
450 0.85
Paved area (m²)
Green belt Area (m²) 486 0.2
Page 226
Open area (m²) 3791 0.3

Runoff Runoff
Total
Runoff Asphalt / Green Runoff
Rainfall Monthly
Month Roof area Paved belt Open
in mm Runoff
Cum area area area Cum
Cum
Cum Cum
January 10.3 33 4 1 12 94
February 9.2 29 4 1 10 84
March 9.5 30 4 1 11 87
April 15.2 48 6 1 17 137
May 55.9 177 21 5 64 508
June 56.9 180 22 6 65 518
July 72.6 230 28 7 83 660
August 132.6 420 51 13 151 1206
September 133.4 422 51 13 152 1212
October 241.2 764 92 23 274 2191
November 302.6 958 116 29 344 2749
December 175.3 555 67 17 199 1592
TOTAL 1214.7 3846 465 118 1381 11038
Total Predicted Annual Runoff from Different Surfaces in Cum 114571
Total Predicted Post project runoff from the project site – 11038 Cum/Year
There is lot of surface and subsurface recharging measures available depending upon the site
conditions. The specific recharge measures should be selected depending on the soil
characteristics, lithology and nature of the aquifer material, pre and post monsoon ground
water level and so on. As the ground water level is moderately deep, proposal for roof top
collection and recharge shaft with bore well in the storm water drain has been contemplated.
According to the slope of the roof the sump location has been identified. The roof area and the
normal monthly rainfall have been considered for designing the capacity of the sump.
The estimation of runoff from the project site has been assessed. Based on vacant, roof top
area and the monthly rainfall and runoff, the storage structures and percolation pond with
recharge tube well have been contemplated.
10.4.4.2 Conservation Measures

Roof top Collection:
The roof water collection is estimated as 1697 CUM/Year
4 sumps with a total capacity of 200 CUM have been suggested to capture the roof
Page 227
water. Each sump size is 5m X 4m X 2.5m
The rainwater that is been generated from the roof is proposed to pass through a filter media.
The proposed filter media is multiplayer vertical filters. The size of the filter media is as follows:
The size of the multiplayer vertical filter is 2m X 2m X 0.9m

The outlet pipes from the roof area are connected with 115 mm dia PVC pipe allowing
the water to pass through the filter media before storing in the sump
Rainwater Harvesting Scheme for the Project Site - Roof top Collection
Area Runoff
Location
(sq m) Coefficient
Total Roof Area 3333 0.95
Actual Sump Capacity CUM 200
Harvestable water CUM 3846
Water harvested CUM 1697
Surplus outflow from Sump CUM 2149
Surplus out
Harvestable Sump
flow from
Month Rain fall (mm) Water Storage
Sump
(CUM) (CUM)
(CUM)
January 10.3 33 33 0
February 9.2 29 29 0
March 9.5 30 30 0
April 15.2 48 48 0
May 55.9 177 177 0
June 56.9 180 180 0
July 72.6 230 200 30
August 132.6 420 200 220
September 133.4 422 200 222
October 241.2 764 200 564
November 302.6 958 200 758
December 175.3 555 200 355
TOTAL 1214.7 3846 1697 2149
The surplus runoff after roof top collection and from the green belt, asphalt area has been
estimated for Plant area.
Surplus runoff after roof top collection – 2149 CUM/Year

Runoff from Asphalt area - 465 CUM/Year
Runoff from Green belt area - 118 CUM/Year
Page 228
Runoff from Open area - 1381 CUM/Year

Total runoff - 4113 CUM/Year
Rainwater harvesting can be effected by way of providing recharge shaft with bore well in the
storm water drain 3 numbers of recharge shaft with bore well in the storm water drain have
been recommended.
Recharge shaft with bore well to a depth of 15 m is recommended in the Storm water drain.
Proposed Recharge well in the Existing Plant is given as Figure 10.3. The size of the recharge
shaft may 3m length X 3width and 3m depth. In the center of the recharge shaft a bore well
with a dia of 6 inches may to drilled and perforated pipes are inserted to facilitate the vertical
and horizontal movement of ground water. The Recharge shaft with bore well not only
recharges the shallow water table aquifer but also the deeper fractured aquifer.
Figure 10-3 Proposed Recharge well in the Existing Plant
Page 229
Storm water drain in the project site
Rain water harvesting Sump
10.4.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal Management
The facility is consented to dispose about 300 TPM of process residue and wastes, Flue Gas
cleaning residue (Boiler Ash waste) of 45 TPA and Chemical Sludge from waste water treatment
as per the TNPCB vide Authorization for hazardous waste was disposed to Tamil Nadu Waste
Management Limited, located at SIPCOT, Gummudipoondi during the last financial year.
Necessary membership in the Tamil Nadu Waste Management Limited has been obtained.
10.4.6 Management of Storage and Handling of Materials
Dedicated and isolated solvent storage area is located in the existing facility. Necessary
permits from Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) has been obtained
for storage of solvents
Fire hydrant lines and foam systems are made available at all the four corners of the
storage area.
Page 230
Water sprinklers are installed as per the good engineering practices for all the storage
tanks.
A dedicated fire water tank is located near the fire water pump room. A central fire
hydrant system is in place in the existing facility
10.4.7 Ecology and Biodiversity Management Plan
The best available technologies that ameliorate the negative impacts of the project on the local
vegetation and wildlife have been incorporated in the design and construction of the existing
facility and similar practices will be adopted in the ADPL expansion plan. Efforts will be taken to
increase the green-cover around the project-site, using native plants with a view to ameliorating
project-related disturbances and enhancing the ecological value of the area. Plantations should
include only native species. No exotic or non-native species should be planted in the area.
10.4.8 Greenbelt Enhancement Plan
The greenbelt development plan aims at overall improvement in the environmental conditions
of the region. The plan is developed with following objectives.
Enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region
Providing aesthetic value to the project area
Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area
A detailed survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types and vegetation diversity
in the project area for development of greenbelt around project components. The greenbelt
plan has been formulated considering the parameters such as climate, soil types etc. Greenbelt
around project location will attenuate dust emission and noise during project activities.
10.4.9 Corporate Social Responsibility
In addition to the above mitigation measures, need based CSR plan is developed based on the
socioeconomic indicators and based on the felt needs of the people during the primary survey
and site observations.
ADPL has already contributing fund to the “Prime Minister Cell” as part of the CSR activities.
About Rs.17 lakhs has been funded for the last two years.
Page 231
10.4.9.1 Proposed CSR Budget
The capital CSR budgets of Rs. 7.5 lakhs had been embarked as budget classification arrived by
considering 2.5% of the total project cost of Rs. 3 Crores as per the Project Cost estimate. The
proposed budget shall be more and above the existing CSR activities carried out under the
requirement under Companies Act 2013, Section 135. Based on the existing contribution the
proposed CSR budget will be send to the “Prime Minister Cell”.
Page 232
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 11- Conclusion
11 CONCLUSIONS
The EIA report has assessed the potential environmental impacts associated with the
construction and operation of the proposed expansion project. An independent assessment on
current baseline studies including socio economic studies provides an insight on the prevailing
environmental status of surrounding areas of the existing facility. Based on the findings from
the assessment necessary control measures have been formulated and required budget has
been allocated for EMP. From the present EIA study the following conclusions are made by the
EIA consulting organization and study team.
This project will have beneficial effects in terms of growth and development of the
regional economy
This project is also generated direct and indirect employment to a considerable number
of families, who will render their services for the employees of the project
The proposed project is structured to be in line with the requirements of MoEF/CPCB/
PCB.
Wastewater treatment facilities, recycling programs and high efficiency pollution
abatement measures will result in minimising the adverse impacts on the environment
Thus, it can be concluded that with the judicious and proper implementation of the pollution
control and mitigation measures, the proposed project can proceed without any significant
negative impact on the environment.
Page 233
Bulk Drug unit at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Alathur, Thiruporur Chapter 12- Disclosure of
Taluk, Kanchipuram District, Tamil Nadu Consulatants
12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
12.1 Introduction
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan (EMP) report
has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. The studies have been carried out
by M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, Chennai, India. The profiles of the
Consultants are given below,
12.2 Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant
M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd (CMSRSL) is a joint venture between the Murugappa
group, India and Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group, Japan. CMSRSL is an ISO 9001:2008
certified company. CMSRSL offers safety and environmental consulting services across India,
Middle East and East Asian countries. CMSRSL consists of six consulting domains such as
environmental engineering and management, process safety, fire safety, electrical safety,
construction safety and logistics risk assessment. CMSRSL is a NABET accredited EIA consulting
organization for undertaking EIA studies in the following sectors: paper and pulp, thermal
power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical complex, chemical fertilizers, synthetic
organic chemical industries, ports and harbours and area development projects. CMSRSL has
offered environmental and safety related consulting services for more than 5000 clients during
last decade.
12.3 Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
S.No. Name Role in the EIA Study

1 Mr V S Bhaskar EIA Coordinator – Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries.
Functional Area Expert(FAE) - Meteorology, Air Quality
Modeling and Prediction
Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Water Pollution Prevention,
Control & Prediction of Impacts
Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Noise / Vibration
Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Risk & Hazards
Management
2 Mr. D. Ravishankar Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Air Pollution Prevention,
Monitoring and Control
Functional Area Expert FAE –Solid & Hazardous Waste
Management
Page 234
S.No. Name Role in the EIA Study

3 Mr.T.P.Natesan Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Land Use, Hydrology,
Ground Water & Water Conservation
4 Dr.T.Balakrishnan Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Ecology and Biodiversity
5 Ms. Sathya. S Functional Area Expert (FAE) – MSW and Team Member
6 Mr. C S Karthick Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Socio-Economics
7 Mr.Ganta Srikanth Associate Functional Area Expert (AFAE)- Water Pollution
Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts and Air
Pollution Prevention, Monitoring and Control
12.4 Other Technical Team Members
S. No. Technical Members

1 Mr. Mahendra.B
2 Ms. Sujatha Gurudev
12.5 External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study
Base line Environmental data – Chennai Testing Laboratory

1 Ambient air Quality, Water, Soil Private Limited, Chennai, (NABL
and Noise sampling & analysis. accredited Lab)
Page 235
12.6 NABET Certificate
Page 236

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Environmental Impact Assessment Study

For the Proposed Enhancement of Production Capacity without any

Anjan Drug Private Limited

Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited

DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT

For and on behalf of Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited

Approved by : N V Subba Rao

Designation : Chief Executive

Date : 16th November 2017

PROJECT DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION

Sector as per NABET Scheme 21 Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry

1. Mr. Srikanth .G – AFAE – AP & WP

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person

1.2. Project Location

Figure 1-Map showing the Study Area

S.No. Particulars Details

1.4. Need of the Product

Salient features of the proposed enhancement project include the following:

Table 3 Overview of the Proposed Enhancement of the Existing Facility

Particulars Units Existing Additional Proposed

1.6. Project Chronology and Environmental Compliance at Existing Facility

1.7. Environmental Impact Assessment Study

1.8. Overview of the Proposed Project

1.9. Baseline Environment Studies

1.10. Environmental Impacts and Management

1.11. Occupational Health Measures

1.12. Project Cost and EMP Budget

1.13. Project Timeline

1.1 About the Company ............................................................................................................29

2.1 Overview of the Existing Facilities ......................................................................................48

2.7 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................54

3.1 Overview of the Proposed Project .....................................................................................65

4.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................74

4.4.4 Satellite Data ................................................................................................................84

4.14 Socioeconomic Environment ........................................................................................167

5.1 General ...............................................................................................................................176

6.1 Site Alternative ..................................................................................................................190

7.1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................191

8.1 Public Consultation............................................................................................................194

9.1 Contribution to the Nation ...............................................................................................220

10.1 Preamble ........................................................................................................................221

12.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................234

12.2 Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant ..................................234

Table 8-14: LOC Event Frequency ....................................................................................................213

Figure 1-1 Project Location ...............................................................................................................31

TPD Tonnes Per Day

1.1 About the Company

1.2 Existing Facilities

1.3 Proposed Project

1.4 Nature of Project

1.5 Location of the Project site

Figure 1-1 Project Location

Figure 1-2 Project Location

Source: Google Earth, Image date: 21/3/2106

Figure 1-3 Typical View of the Existing Facilities

ADPL Entrance Water Sprinkler System inside the Plant

Air cooled Cooling towers Fire Pumps (Jockey Pumps)

Waste Water Treatment System Multiple Effect Evaporator

S.No. Particulars Details

1.7 Justification and Need for the Project

1.8 Employment Generation

1.9 Need for the EIA study

1.10 Project Screening (Cat B) and ToR