SINGAPORE STANDARD

(ICS 23.040.10; 23.040.15; 91.140.40)

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

Manufactured gas pipe
installation

All rights reserved. Unless othenvise specified, no part of this Singapore

Standard may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means,
electmnic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilming, without
permission in writing from the SPRING Singapore at the address below:

Programme Director
Standardisation Department
SPRING Singapore
2 Bukit Merah Central
Singapore 159835
Telephone: 62786666 Telefax: 62786667
Email: stn@spring.gov.sg
This Singapore Standard was approved by the Building and Construction Standards Committee on
behalf of the Standards Council of Singapore on 30 March 2004.

First published, 1990

First revision, 1995
Second revision, 2004

The Building and Construction Standards Committee appointed by the Standards Council consists of
the following members:

Name Capacity
Chairman Dr Goh Chong Chia Member, Standards Council
''1 Deputy
Chairman Dr Tam Chat Tim Member. Standards Council
2nd Deputy
Chairman Mr Tan Tian Chong Member, Standards Council
Secretary 1 Mr Han Kin Sew SPRING Singapore
Secretary 2 Mr Kenneth Lim See Khoon SPRING Singapore
Members Mr Boo Geok Kwang Singapore Civil Defence Force
Mr Chan Kok Way lndividual Capacity
Dr Jimmy Chen Wie Ying lndividual Capacity
Assoc Prof Chiew Sing Ping Nanyang Technological University
Mr Desmond Hill Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Koh Boon Jeng Building and Construction Authority
Mr Joseph Lai Kuong Kiu JTC Corporation
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Singapore Institute of Architects
Mr Lim Bok Ngam Land Transport Authority
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Urban Redevelopment Authority
Er. See Sing Kok Singapore Manufacturers'Federation
Er. Shum Chee Hoong Housing & Development Board
Dr Tan Guan Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore
Er. Tan Seng Chuan Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Assoc Prof Tan Thiam Soon National University of Singapore

The Technical Committee on Building Services appointed by the Building and Construction Standards
Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of representatives from the
following organisations:

Name Capacity
Chairman : Dr Jimmy Chen Wie Ying individual Capacity
Secretary : Mr Kenneth Lim See Khoon SPRING Singapore
Members : Mr Bok Chee Meng Building and Construction Authority
Prof Bong Tet Yin ASHRAE, Singapore Chapter
Mr Chai Ng Fook Housing & Development Board
 Mr Chue Fook Chee CPG Consultants
Mr Kang Ngek Kong Energy Market Authority
Mr Kuang Kim Yaw Public Utilities Board
Mr Simon Lee Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Lee Wee Keong Singapore Civil Defence Force
Mr Lim See Gan Public Utilities Board
Mr Lum Yun Kheun Surbana (subsidiary of HDB Cop)
Assoc Prof Ng Kim Choon National University of Singapore
Mr Mel Saique Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Mr Tay Cher Seng lnstitution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Wang Chin Chong Ngee Ann Ploytechnic
Assoc Prof Wong Yew Wah Nanyang Technological University
Mr Philip Ying JTC Corporation

The Working Group appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this standard
comprises the following experts who contribute in their individual capacity :

Name
Convenor : Er. Chong Toh Kuan
Secretary : Mr Kenneth Lim
Members : Er. Chua Hoon San
Er. Kang Ngek Kong
Cpt Lim Hock Beng
Er. Mohan Raj
Er. Ng Bee Hock Peter
Er. Ng Koh Pek
Mr Peter von Selkey
Ms Wan Siew Fung

The experts of the Working Group are norninatedlrecommended by the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore

City Gas Pte Ltd
Energy Market Authority
Housing & Development Board
Institution of Engineers, Singapore
PowerGas Ltd
Renovation and Decoration Advisory Centre
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Singapore Institute of Architects
(blank page)

4
Contents
Page

Foreword 7

CLAUSES

Scope 8
Definitions 8
Design considerations 12
Prohibitions 12
Submission of gas installation pipework and maintenance 13
Material specifications 13
Installation requirements 15
Inspection and testing 21
Purging and charging in of gas 23
Maintenance 24

ANNEXES

A Typical town gas specifications 25

B Natural gas specifications 26
C Safety precautions when using gas appliances 27
D Installation of cookers and water heaters 28

TABLES

1 Riser duct size with and without meter (minimum size of ducts for residential premises) 19
2 Final pressure test of service pipes 22
3 Final pressure test of consumer's internal pipes 22
4 Proof test of service pipes 23
5 Proof test of consumer's internal pipes 23
6 Typical gas composition 25
7 Proposed common gas specification 26

FIGURES (not drawn to Scale)

1 Typical gas installation pipework for landed properties 30

2 Typical gas installation pipework for high rise properties 31
3 Details of typical spool Installation 32
4 A typical duckfoot riser support 33
5 Pipe sleeve in retaining wall 34
6 Typical pipe entering basement (sandlquarry filled chamber is allowed) 35
7 Typical pipe encased in floor structure 36
8 Zones for pipes chased in wall 37
9 Typical short section of API pipe chased in wall 38
10 Example of an interlocking system 39
11 Typical riser duct sealed at each floor 40
12 Typical continuous riser duct 41
13 Typical meter Installation 42
Foreword

This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Building Services under the
purview of the Building and Construction Standards Committee (BCSC).

In the revised Code, additional safety requirements are prescribed for pipes chased in walls. Zoning
and protective covering for the chased pipes have been introduced. Additionally, gas pipes are
prohibited from being chased in walls adjoining bedrooms. The gas installation pipework in this revised
Code can also be applied to natural gas. However, this Code is not applicable to liquefied petroleum
gas or any other gases.

This Code provides the minimum requirements for safe and good practice for gas installation
pipework. Users of this Code should be conversant with all other mandatory requirements on gas
supply and installation.

The sections on installation of gas cookers and water heaters, and safety precautions when using gas
cookers and water heaters are included in their brief form as annexes of the Code and are intended to
be used as information only.

At the time of publication, this standard is expected to be used by the Energy Market Authority

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.

NOTE

1. Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and new
technical developments. The revisions of Singapore Standards are announced thmugh the issue of
either amendment slips or revised editions.

2. Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users fmm legal obligations.
Code of practice for manufactured gas pipe installation

1 Scope

This Code of Practice specifies the design considerations, prohibitions, material specifications.
installation requirements, inspection, gas pipe pressure tests, purging, charging in of gas and
maintenance for the gas installation pipework, from downstream of the gas service isolation valve to
the appliance connecting points.

This Code applies only to gas installation pipework for the conveyance of town gas and natural gas at
operating pressures of up to 20kPa gauge.

2 Definitions

2.1 Appliance connecting point

The terminal point of the consumer's internal pipe for connecting to an appliance but excluding the
appliance and the connecting accessories.

2.2 Approved plan

The plan submitted by the Designated Representative showing the proposed gas pipe route and duly
approved by the appropriate authorities.

2.3 As-built drawing

The drawing showing the actual location of the completed gas installation pipework with dimensions
and duly endorsed by the Professional Engineer (Mechanical) andlor the Licensed Gas Service
Technician.

2.4 Branch valve

A valve installed in a branch pipe for the purpose of turning on or off the supply of gas to the branch
pipe.

2.5 Charging in

The admittance of gas from the gas service isolation valve to the meter andlor turn on of gas supply
from meter to the appliance connecting point.

2.6 Consumer's internal pipe

Any pipe used for the purpose of conveying gas from a meter to a gas appliance.

2.7 Designated representative

A Professional Engineer (Mechanical), or where a Professional Engineer (Mechanical) is not required

for the project, the Licensed Gas Service Technician, appointed by the owner or developer to be
responsible for the gas installation pipework to the development.
2.8 Final pressure test

The pressure test for the gas installation pipework certified by the Designated Representative for the
application of charging in of gas.

2.9 Fire-fighting lobby

A smoke-stop lobby which is adjacent to a fire lift, designated for use by the fire-fighting team during
an emergency, and complying with the requirements of the Fire Code.

2.10 Gas

Town gas or natural gas, but does not include liquefied petroleum gas or other gases.

2.11 Gas appliance

Any appliance in which gas is consumed, either for domestic requirements (including for ooking,
heating or cooling purposes) or for industrial or commercial requirements (including for powering a gas
engine or as feedstock in a chemical process).

2.12 Gas fitting

Any pipe, valve, meter, regulator or other device for the control, measurement and use of gas.

2.13 Gas installation pipework

A discrete grouping of gas pipes and fittings linking a gas service isolation valve to a gas appliance
(see Figures 1 and 2).

2.14 Gas main

Any gas pipe used for the distribution of gas from a gas transmission pipeline to a consumer but does
not include a gas service pipe or a consumer's internal pipe.

2.15 Gas service isolation valve

A valve, located at or near the boundary line of any property or the apron of any building, used by a
gas transporter to isolate the supply of gas to that property or building.

2.16 Lateral

The section of horizontal pipe to or from a riser

2.17 Licensed gas service technician

A person who holds a valid gas technician license.

2.18 Linellsometric drawing

A line or isometric drawing showing the run of the gas installation pipework

2.19 Maximum operating pressure

The maximum pressure at which a system can be operated continuously under normal operating
conditions.
2.20 Meter

Any device for computing the volume of gas supplied or amount of energy supplied

2.21 Meter control valve

A valve at the inlet to the meter for the purpose of turning on or off a supply of gas through such meter
to any gas installation pipework.

2.22 Natural gas

Any mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons which is conveyed by gas pipes and is composed of:
- predominantly methane; and

- as to the remainder, varying amounts of other hydrocarbons and other combustible and non-
combustible gases.

2.23 Pipe channel

A groove or channel cut or constructed on concrete floors to house a gas pipe

2.24 Pipe chase

A groove cut or constructed on brick or concrete wall for embedding a gas pipe.

2.25 Pipe duct

A leak-proof horizontal or vertical duct to house a gas pipe with one or both ends vented to outside air.

2.26 Professional engineer

Any person who is registered as a Professional Engineer (Mechanical) under the Singapore
Professional Engineers Act (Cap. 253).

2.27 Project co-ordinator

A person appointed by the appropriate authorities to liaise directly with the Designated Representative.

2.28 Proof test

The pressure test conducted immediately before charging in of gas.

2.29 Purging

The replacement of air in any gas installation pipework withiwithout inert gas before charging in of
gas; or

The replacement of gas in any gas installation pipework with or without inert gas, for the purpose of
preventing the formation of an explosive mixture of gas and air in the gas installation pipework.
2.30 Riser

Any vertical pipe supplying gas to more than one storey.

2.31 Riser duct

A ventilated compartment to house a riser with or without meter

2.32 Service pipe

The pipe used for the purpose of conveying gas from the gas service isolation valve to the meter at the
consumer's premises.

2.33 Service valve

A buried or exposed valve at or near the outside wall of a building for turning on or off the supply of
gas in the service pipe to a building.

2.34 Sleeve

A tubular casing inserted in a prepared hole in a structure or space for the reception of gas installation
pipework.

2.35 Smoke stop lobby

A lobby located at the entrance to an exit staircase to help to prevent or minimise the entry of smoke
into the staircase, and complying with the requirements of the Fire Code.

2.36 Spool

A specially constructed solid distance piece with both of its ends terminated in blank flanges or
external screw threads for insertion within the gas installation pipework, in order to provide a physical
break in the gas installation pipework, thereby ensuring no gas can flow through.

2.37 Standard dimension ratio (SDR)

The ratio of the nominal outside diameter of a polyethylene pipe to its nominal wall thickness.

2.38 Syphon

A receptacle connected at the lowest point of an underground gas installation pipework and from
which condensate collects and is removed when necessary.

2.39 Syphon leg

A tee piece connected at the lowest point of an above ground gas installation pipework and from which
condensate collects and is removed when necessary.

2.40 Town gas

Any gas which is manufactured from petrochemical feedstock, has hydrogen as one of its main
constituents, and is conveyed to consumers via pipes.
3 Design considerations
In the design of the gas installation pipework, consideration shall be given to the following:

(a) Shortest practicable route;

(b) Ease of access for maintenance;

(c) Adequate ventilation;

(d) Above ground entry into building;

(e) Proper sleeving and ducting;

(f) Possibility of detection in the event of gas leak;

(g) Sizing of pipes for maximum gas consumption and future extensions;

(h) Distinctive identification, accessible location and ease of operation of service valves, meter
control valves and all other valves;

(i) All end points capable of being securely terminated with blank flanges, caps or plugs;

(j) Gas installation pipework downstream of one gas service isolation valve not to be connected
to the gas installation pipework downstream of another gas service isolation valve;

(k) Wherever possible, pipes not to be chased in walls;

(1) Pipe runs on walls or floors to be parallel to the wall or floor edges;

(m) For buried pipes, care to be taken to prevent damage due to pipe or earth movement

4 Prohibitions
Gas installation pipework in the following areas and under the following circumstances shall not be
permitted:

(a) In the ground, under concrete flooring within building;

(b) Under building foundations;

(c) Within lift shafts;

(d) In bedrooms or chased in common partition walls with bedrooms. Where the bedroom and
kitchen are located in a common area such as in studio apartments, gas installation pipework
and gas appliances shall be separated by a full height wall from the sleeping area, unless
naturally ventilated;

(e) In cavity walls;

(f) In compartments or ducts dedicated for electrical switchgears, transformers or nor?-gas

powered generators;

(g) In refrigeration chambers, cold rooms, air handling rooms and ventilation or air-conditioning
ducts;

(h) In fire-fighting lobbies and rescue command centres, smoke stop lobbies, fire pump rooms,
fire-fighting water tank rooms, sprinkler control valve rooms, fire-fighting riser ducts, areas of
refuge, protected corridors, protected staircases.
 However, when the pipes pass through prohibited areas in (f) and (h), but is encased in or
compartmentalized by masonry or other approved fire rated materials, the pipes are deemed
to be not within the prohibited areas.

This prohibition shall not be applicable to service pipes passing through smoke stop lobbies
and fire-fighting lobbies or protected corridors which are well naturally and cross ventilated.

5 Submission of gas installation pipework and maintenance

All submission of gas installation pipework and maintenance shall be carried out by a Professional
Engineer (Mechanical). However Licensed Gas Service Technician may submit the following works:

(a) Residential premises

(i) Gas installation pipework and maintenance to individual landed houses;

(ii) All consumer's internal pipes, including the gas meter, of existing multi-storey
apartment or similar building.

(b) Commercial premises

All consumer's internal pipes, including the gas meter, of commercial gas installation
pipework.

A Professional Engineer (Mechanical) shall be engaged where any of the above mentioned works is
meant for operating pressures above 30 mbars or involves a gas booster system, gas leakage
detection system, welded steel pipe joints or specialised gas equipment not used for cooking
purposes.

6 Material specifications

6.1 Pipes and fittings

6.1.1 Ductile iron

(a) Ductile iron pipes shall be of the flexible bolted gland joint iype complying with BS EN 969;

(b) Gland rings shall be lead tipped nitrile rubber or epichlorhydrin.

6.1.2 Galvanized iron

(a) Galvanized iron pipes shall comply with BS 1387 or SS 17;

(b) Galvanized iron fittings shall comply with BS 143;

(c) Galvanized iron pipes below 100 mm shall be joined by using tapered screw threads
complying with BS 21;

(d) Galvanized iron pipes of 100 mm and above shall be joined using screwed flange joints
complying with BS EN 1515-1;

(e) Gaskets for flanged joints shall comply with BS EN 1514-1;

(f) Jointing materials and compounds shall comply with BS 5292;

(g) PTFE tape used for all screwed joints shall comply with BS 7786;

(h) Only heavy gauge galvanised iron pipes shall be used.

6.1.3 Copper

(a) Copper pipes shall comply with BS EN 1057;

(b) For chasing in walls, only copper pipes of up to 22 mm, half hard and annealed and complying
with BS EN 1057 shall be used;

(c) Copper pipes chased in walls shall be joined with capillary joints complying with
BS EN 1254-1.

6.1.4 Steel

(a) Steel pipes used shall comply with BS 3601 or API 5L Grade 8;

(b) welded joints for pipes and flanges shall comply with BS 2640 or BS 2971;

(c) Gaskets shall comply with BS3063;

(d) Jointing materials shall comply with BS 5292;

(e) Steel pipe shall be primed and painted;

(f) All welded joints shall be subjected to 100 % radiography test and certified by a Professional
Engineer (Mechanical).

6.1.5 Polyethylene

(a) Polyethylene pipes shall comply with BS EN 12007-2 or equivalent;

(b) SDR shall be 11 for pipeslfittings of outside diameter below 125mm and 17.6 for pipeslfittings
of outside diameter 125mm and above;

(c) Jointing shall be made using electrofusion or butt fusion jointing machines with parameter
printouts.

6.1.6 Syphon standpipes

Syphon standpipes shall be of seamless or welded austenitic stainless steel pipes and tubes for
pressure purposes complying with BS 3605 : Part 1 or 2.

6.2 Valves

6.2.1 Gate valves

(a) Gate valves shall be of the cast iron wedge and double disk gate type for general purposes
complying with BS 5150;

(b) Gate valves with polyethylene ends or flange ends can be used on polyethylene pipes;

(c) Gate valves shall be used for pipes IOOmm and above.

6.2.2 Ball valves

(a) Ball valves shall be of the full bore type complying with BS 1552;

(b) Ball valves shall be used only for pipes up to and including 100 rnm
6.2.3 Safety cut-off valves

Solenoid and motorized valves shall comply with SS 254:Partl if it is installed in area where there is
likelihood of gas accumulation.

6.2.4 Non-return valves

(a) Non-return valves shall comply with BS 5160;

(b) Flange ends shall comply with BS EN 1515-1

6.3 Other accessories

6.3.1 Sleeves

Sleeves shall be of PVC (see 7.2.3) or metal pipes impervious to gas.

6.3.2 Pipe ducts

Pipe ducts shall be of leak-proof material, and construction and fire rated if required

6.3.3 Surface boxes and covers

Surface boxes and covers shall comply with BS 5834:Part 2.

6.3.4 Gas detectors

(a) Gas detectors shall comply with BS EN 61779;

(b) Gas detectors shall be maintained according to manufacturer's requirements

6.3.5 Spools

(a) The distance pieces shall be made of metal;

(b) The ends shall be flanges complying with BS EN 1515-1 or external threads complying with
BS 21;

(c) A hole of minimum diameter 5mm shall be drilled diametrically through the distance piece;

(d) Dimensions for the spool shall be as shown in Figure 3.

7 Installation requirements

7.1 General

(a) All gas installation pipework not in use shall be disconnected at the source of gas, purged and
all openings closed with blank flanges, caps or plugs;

(b) Service pipes shall be installed with gradients, the minimum of which shall be 1 in 200;

(c) Syphons shall be fitted at the lowest points of buried pipes and syphon legs at the lowest
points of above ground pipes;

(d) Where possible, mechanical joints shall be located in ventilated and accessible spaces;

(e) The use of joints and fittings shall be minimised;

(f) Care shall be taken to prevent the ingress of foreign matter into the pipes;

(g) Every end point or break in the installation whether intended to be temporary or permanent,
shall be terminated with a blank flange, cap or plug at all times;

(h) Gas pipes shall be prevented from physical contact with other services;

0) Suitable brackets shall be used to support vertical and horizontal gas pipes, the maximum
distance between brackets not exceeding 3 m;

(j) All risers shall be supported for the total weight by suitable supporting structures such as
duckfeet (see Figure 4);

(k) For commercial, industrial and residential projects, spools in readily accessible locations shall
be inserted in the service pipes before entry into a building;

(1) Spools maybe located in void decks provided they are well ventilated;

(m) Before any pipes are buried or concealed, they shall be inspected and certified to be of sound
construction by the Designated Representative;

(n) Exposed pipes and fittings shall be so located that they are not subjected to accidental
damage by vehicles or any other moving objects;

(0) All gas pipes within commercial and industrial buildings shall be painted canary yellow or
identified by yellow bands at regular intervals, to BS 381C color number 309. The word "GAS"
and direction of gas flow using an arrow sign ' + ' shall be painted on the gas installation
pipework.

7.2 Pipework

7.2.1 Pipes buried i n the ground

(a) Ductile iron pipes may be used for buried pipes of 100 mm dia and above;

(b) Heavy gauge galvanized iron pipes with screw thread joints and wrapped with petrolatum tape
with 50 % overlapping may be used for pipes smaller than100 mm dia;

(c) Polyethylene pipes 32mm dia and above may be used as buried pipes;

(d) A layer of PVC protective cover shall be laid 300 - 400 mm above the polyethylene pipes;

(e) Passive electronic markers shall be installed at teeslbends and at intervals of approximately
35m along straight lengths;

(f) Polyethylene pipes, with uPVC pipe sleeve, should preferably be used as buried pipes across
building aprons or drains for connecting the service valves or gas service isolation valves to
vertical risers;

(g) The minimum depth of cover for buried pipes shall be 300 mm;

(h) Where there is likely vehicular load over the pipes, the minimum cover shall be 1 m;

(i) Zinc anode caps shall be fitted to the bolts of the joints

7.2.2 Pipes passing through retaining walls

(a) Steel sleeves with puddle flanges shall be provided in the retaining wall whenever pipes are
intended to be passed through them (see Figure 5);
(b) The section of the pipe within the sleeve shall not have any joint and shall be wrapped with
petrolatum tape with 50 % overlapping and located centrally within the annular space;

(c) The annular space between the pipe and the sleeve shall be completely sealed at each end
with cement mortar or suitable waterproof sealant

7.2.3 Pipes passing through walls and floors

(a) The pipes may be cast into the structure;

(b) Where the floors are wet or damp most of the time, PVC sleeves extending at least 300 mm
above the floor shall be used;

(c) The section of the pipe within the sleeve shall be wrapped with petrolatum tape with 50 %
overlapping and the ends sealed with a water-proof sealant;

(d) Where API pipes are used, they shall be hot dipped galvanized

7.2.4 Buried pipes entering directly into basement areas

(a) Spools shall be fitted in a visible and readily accessible location outside the building;

(b) Where the pipe has to pass through a retaining wall, the requirements of 7.2.2 shall apply;

(c) Where API pipes are used, they shall pass through the sleeves with the section within the
sleeves hot dipped galvanized, complying with BS EN IS0 1461; coated with anti-corrosion
paint, complying with SS 494, and wrapped with petrolatum tape with 50% overlapping; and
connected to the other pipes using insulated joints (see Figure 6).

7.2.5 Pipes i n channels

(a) The channels shall be constructed such that the structural strength of the floor is not reduced
and the pipes are wholly encased within the floor structure (see Figure 7);

(b) Galvanized iron pipes used shall be of heavy gauge below 100 mm dia, wrapped with
petrolatum tape with 50% overlapping and with screw thread joints;

(c) Copper pipes used shall be 22 mm or less, half hard and annealed and with capillary joints

7.2.6 Pipes chased i n walls i n residential dwelling units

(a) 15 mm or 20 mm heavy gauge galvanized iron pipes and 15 mm or 22 mm half hard and
annealed copper pipes shall be used;

(b) Horizontal pipes chased in walls shall be located within the following zones
(see Figure 8):

(i) 300 mm from the ceiling, or 300 mrn from the false ceiling, where one is provided;

(ii) 600 rnm and 900 mrn from the originally constructed floor level;

(c) Vertical pipes chased in walls shall be located within the following zones (see Figure 8):

(i) 150 mm from either side of the vertical centre line of the wall;

(ii) 300 mrn from either side of a window or door if the centre line of the wall falls
within the window or door space;

(d) A minimum clearance of 50 rnrn from any embedded services shall be maintained;
 (e) Copper pipes used shall be joined with capillary joints and covered by metallic or other
suitable material to protect the pipes from being accidentally damaged by drill bits, nails.
screws, etc. The minimum thickness of the protective metallic material should be 1.2mm and
the copper pipe must be separated from the protective metallic material to prevent corrosion
by galvanic action;

(f) Short section of API pipes may be allowed to be chased and concealed within a walllpartition.
Under such circumstances, the pipes must be hot dipped galvanized in accordance with BS
EN IS0 1461. primed and painted prior to use (see Figure 9).

7.2.7 Pipes i n enclosed or unventilated areas

Where pipes are installed in false ceilings, storerooms, pump rooms or other unventilated areas the
following requirements shall be complied with:

(a) Galvanized iron or copper pipes without joints or, API pipes maybe used;

(b) Where API pipes are used, the welded joints shall be subjected to 100 % radiography and
certified sound by a Professional Engineer (Mechanical);

(c) All pipes shall be sleeved or ducted with at least one end exposed to the outside of the
building;

(d) Pipes in false ceilings in residential dwelling units need not be sleeved provided there are no
joints or when API pipes with welded joints are used.

7.2.8 Pipes i n mechanically ventilated basement areas including car parks

(a) Only API pipes with 100 % radiography on all welded joints and certified sound by a
Professional Engineer (Mechanical) shall be used;

(b) If pipes run into essential areas such as exit staircases, smoke stop or fire fighting lobby, fire
pump room, generator room and fire command centre, they are required to be encased in
masonry;

(c) In mechanically ventilated basement, the gas pipe shall be sleeved or ducted; one end of the
sleeve shall be exposed to the external environment;

(d) Provision of pipe sleevelduct is not required for pipes in naturally ventilated basement.

7.2.9 Pipes in non-residential air-conditioned dining and kitchen areas

(a) Galvanized iron or copper pipes without joints or, API pipes may be used;

(b) Where API pipes are used, the welded joints shall be subjected to 100 % radiography and
certified sound by a Professional Engineer (Mechanical);

(c) A gas detector interlocking with a safety cut-off valve and the mechanical ventilation system, if
any, shall be installed if gas appliances are used in the air-conditioned dining and kitchen
areas. The Professional Engineer (Mechanical) shall be responsible for the selection,
installation and commissioning of the interlocking system (see Figure 10).

7.2.10 Pipes in mechanically ventilated kitchens

(a) Galvanized iron or copper pipes without joints or, API pipes maybe used;

(b) Where API pipes are used, the welded joints shall be subjected to 100 % radiography and
certified sound by a Professional Engineer (Mechanical);
(c) A safety cut-off valve interlocking with the mechanical ventilation system shall be installed to
cut off the gas supply when the mechanical ventilation system is not operating or
malfunctions;

(d) For all mechanically ventilated kitchens in the basement, an interlocking system consisting of
a gas detector interlocking with the safety cut-off valve and the mechanically ventilated
system shall be installed. The Professional Engineer (Mechanical) shall be responsible for the
selection, installation and commissioning of the interlocking system.

7.2.11 Risers in ducts

(a) The minimum sizes of ducts shall be as shown in Table 1;

(b) Meters may be located in ducts;

(c) Where possible, ducts shall be sealed at each floor (see Figure 11);

(d) Every sealed section of the duct shall be provided with two vents, one at the top and the other
at the bottom, the minimum area of each vent being 0.05 m2 or 11150 the cross- sectional
area of the duct, whichever is greater;

(e) Where a wall of a duct is an external wall, the vents shall be located at the external wall;

(f) For a continuous duct passing through various floors, two vents, one at the top and the other
2
at the bottom of the duct, each of minimum area 0.05 m or 11150 the cross- sectional area of
the duct, whichever is greater, shall be provided (see Figure 12);

(g) Pipe joints shall be kept to the minimum within the ducts;

(h) All other materials especially flammable liquids and gases shall not be kept in the duct.

Table 1 - Riser duct size with and without meter

(minimum size of ducts for residential premises)

Pipe diameter (mm) Duct width x depth (mm)

without meter with meter
50 300 x 200 500 x 400
80 400 x 300 550 x 400
100 500 x 400 -
150 600 x 500 -

7.2.12 Pipes passing through electrical cable ducts

Gas pipes should preferably not enter into a dedicated electrical cable duct. If this is unavoidable, the
gas pipe should be isolated by a metal sleeve.

7.2.13 Pipes adjacent to hazardous materials

Gas pipes adjacent to vessels containing flammable, oxidizing, or corrosive materials shall be
appropriately protected.
7.3 Valves

7.3.1 Gas service isolation valves

(a) Gas service isolation valves shall be used for turning on or off of gas supply to premises;

(b) The valves shall be sited at or near boundary lines of properties, above or below ground;

(c) In the case of public housing blocks or similar buildings, the valves shall be sited at or near the
apron. Where there is no apron, the valve shall be sited at a distance of approximately 3 m
from the edge of the building at ground level;

(d) Surface boxes with identification covers shall be used for valves installed below ground;

(e) Where there are more than one gas service isolation valve on a property, the valve shall be
numbered and identified on the surface box covers.

7.3.2 Service valves

(a) Service valves shall be used for turning on or off a gas supply into a building;

(b) The valves shall be located outside a building wall, above or below ground, or in a service
duct;

(c) Where the valves are installed below ground, surface boxes with identification covers shall be
used;

(d) For gas supply to single service domestic consumers or through pipes up to and including 50
mrn, service valves need not be provided;

(e) Where there is a gas service isolation valve located within 3 m from the edge of the building
at ground level, service valves need not be provided.

7.3.3 Meter control valves

Meter control valves shall be fitted at all inlets to meters for the purpose of turning on or off of gas
supply to the meter.

7.3.4 Service branch valves and consumer's internal branch valves

Service branch valves and internal branch valves may be fitted to branch pipes taken off the gas
service pipes or consumer's internal pipes respectively.

7.4 Other devices

7.4.1 Gas boosters

(a) Where gas boosters are used, the installation shall be provided with anti-fluctuating devices,
non-return valves, and low and high pressure cut-off valves;

(b) Where necessary, strainers shall be installed;

(c) A Professional Engineer (Mechanical) shall be responsible for the design, selection,
installation, and commissioning of the gas booster system.

7.4.2 Forced draught burners

(a) Where forced draught burners are used, the installation shall be provided with non-return
valves and low pressure cut-off valves;
(b) The design, selection, installation and commissioning of forced draught burners shall comply
with the manufacturers' requirements. Where package burners are used, a Professional
Engineer (Mechanical) shall be responsible for the design, selection, installation and
commissioning of the package burner system.

7.4.3 Commercial oven and similar equipment

All commercial oven and similar equipment shall be fitted with flame failure devices

7.5 Location o f meters

(a) Meters shall be located at a height of 0.75m to 2m above floor level in easily accessible and
well ventilated areas, preferably outside the building and not subjected to accidental damage;

(b) In the case of residential premises, meters may be located in ducts together with the riser
pipes provided the ducts are adequately ventilated;

(c) The relative distances between the gas meter and the walls shall be as shown in Figure 13;

(d) Where a meter is installed in gate post compartment, the meter shall be installed at the
topmost compartment, adequately ventilated and separated from electrical installation.

8 Inspection and testing

8.1 General

(a) During the installation, the Designated Representative shall conduct regular inspection to
ensure the following:

(i) The gas installation pipework is in accordance with the approved plans;

(ii) The correct materials and sizes of pipes are being used;

(iii) The gas installation pipework has the correct rise and fall and syphons or syphon legs
are fitted at the lowest points;

(iv) All the end points are properly terminated with blank-flanges, caps or plugs, and
anchored where applicable.

(b) The Designated Representative shall progressively inspect and carry out pressure tests during
the installation to ensure conformity to the approved plans and soundness of the installation;

(c) On completion of the whole gas installation pipework, the Designated Representative shall
conduct the final pressure test in the presence of the Project-coordinator;

(d) Upon successful completion of the final pressure test, a certificate, certified by the Designated
Representative and endorsed by the Project-coordinator shall be issued;

(e) A proof test shall be carried out by the Designated Representative prior to the charging in of
gas;

(9 Gas shall only be admitted up to the meter point if the proof test for the service pipe is
successfuC

(g) Gas shall only be charged in up to the consumer's internal pipe if the proof test for the
consumer's internal pipe is successful;
 The duration for the tests shall be the minimum stipulated duration as per Tables 2. 3, or 4 as
appropriate, after allowing time for the pressure to stabilize;

The section of pipes intended for pressure testing shall be physically isolated from any pipe
containing gas;

A valve separating a pipe containing gas and connected to a pipe which is intended for
pressure test shall not be used as a means for physically separating the pipes.

Final p r e s s u r e t e s t

A linelisometric drawing shall be produced. The linelisometric drawing shall be certified by the
Designated Representative to be in accordance with the as-built drawing showing the run of
the general layout of the pipework;

The final pressure test shall be carried out separately for the service pipes and the
consumer's internal pipes;

Final pressure tests for service pipes shall comply with Table 2;

Final pressure tests for consumer's internal pipes shall comply with Table 3.

Table 2 - Final pressure test of sewice pipes

I Type of pipe 1 First test I Second test

/ Pressure I Duration I Pressure I Duration
Steel (API) 70 kPa 30 mins 300 mm w.g. 10 mins
Polyethylene 140 kPa 24 hrs NA NA
Ductile iron 14fl kPa 74 hrs NA NA

NOTE 1 -Where the installation under test is made up of pipes of different materials, the first test and
duration shall be that of the highest amongst the pipes.

NOTE 2 -The first test pressure shall be 2.5 times the maximum operating pressure of the installation or
as specified, whichever is higher.

NOTE 3 -Both ductile iron and polyethylene pipes refer to buried pipes

NOTE 4 - w.g. -Water gauge.

Table 3 - Final pressure test of consumer's internal pipes

NOTE 1 - A l l internal pipes other than those in high rise residential premises shall be tested at the
same pressures and durations as those for service pipes.

NOTE 2 - Pressure gauge with scale range of up to 1.5 times of the test pressure shall be used.
8.3 Proof test

Proof tests of service pipes and consumer's internal pipes shall be according to Tables 4 and 5
respectively.

Table 4 - Proof test of sewice pipes

Type of pipe Proof test

Pressure Duration
CopperIGalvanised iron 300 mm w.g. 10 mins
Steel (API) 300 mm w.g. 10 mins
Polyethylene 50 kPa 30 mins
Ductile iron 50 kPa 30 mins

NOTE - Both ductile iron and polyethylene pipes refer to buried pipes.

Table 5 - Proof test of consumer's internal pipes

Type of pipe Proof test

Pressure I Duration
All materials 300 mm w.g. 1 5 mins
8.4 Test during charging in o f g a s

During the charging in of gas, appropriate means such as leak detection fluids or intrinsically safe gas
detectors shall be used to test for presence of leaks at joints between:

(a) Sections of tested new pipework and sections of existing pipework to which they are
connected; and,

(b) Any disturbed fittings

9 Purging and charging in of gas

9.1 Purging

(a) Purging shall be carried out by the Designated Representative in the presence of the Project
Co-ordinator prior to charging in of gas into a section of the pipework, or after isolating a
section of the gas installation pipework for work to be carried out on it;

(b) Inert as shall be used as the medium for purging where the volume to be purged exceeds
2.5m 3?,

(c) Vent pipes used shall be of at least 2 m high and have control valves and appropriate flame
traps affixed to them;

(d) Vent pipes shall be located such that the vented gas will not be carried into any building;

(e) The area of purging shall be barricaded and "No Smoking" signs shall be displayed around the
barricaded area;
(f) Steps shall be taken to ensure that there is no smoking or any naked lights in the vicinity of
the purging area;

(g) Vent points shall be manned at all times during the purging;

(h) Intrinsically safe gas detectors shall be used to monitor the purging;

(i) Purging shall be done in reducing order of pipe size;

(j) Where meter is installed, the meter shall be purged together with the consumer's internal
pipework;

(k) Where there is a by-pass, it shall also be purged;

(I) On successful completion of the purging process, the disturbed joints shall be tested for
leakages.

9.2 Charging in of gas

(a) Charging in shall be carried out by the Designated Representative in the presence of the
Project Co-ordinator;

(b) Gas shall only be charged in to a pipework after successful proof tests and purging;
3
(c) Where the volume of the gas installation pipework does not exceed 2.5m , charging in of gas
may be allowed without prior purging with inert gas;

(d) Upon admittance of gas, the Designated Representative shall affix warning labels "Live Gas.
Do Not TamperYto all end points of the gas installation pipework;

(e) The Designated Representative shall inform all concerned parties of the charging in of gas
and not to tamper with the installation.

10 Maintenance
Gas installation pipework and appliances are to be inspected regularly to ensure that the gas
installation and the appliances can continue to be used safely.

The following shall be particularly inspected for compliance with this Code:

(a) Corrosion;

(b) Leakages;

(c) General conditions of the gas installation

Devices and gas appliances for the gas installation pipework shall be maintained according to
manufacturer's recommendation.
 Annex A

Typical town gas specifications

A.1 Gas properties

(a) Specific gravity 0.59

(b) Gross calorific value 18.63 MJlm3,saturated
@ 288.75 K & 101 kPa
(c) Wobbe index 23.15 - 25.46 MJlm3
(d) Weaver flame speed 40.6
(e) Stoichiometric combustion air : 4.2vol 1vol of gas
(f) Limits of flammability 3.0- 55 % of gas in air
(g) Carbon monoxide 6.0 % vol
(h) Ignition temperature > 400 "C
(i) Theoretical flame temperature : = 2000 "C

A.2 Conversion factors

1 unit of gas - I kwh
- 3.412 BTU
- 3,600kJ
- 6.824cu3Rgas @ 500 BTUl5u fl
- 0.193m gas @ 18.63 MJlm

A.3 Gas supply pressure

Normal supply pressure : Approximately 100 mm water gauge

All equipment designed for use with town gas must operate on a minimum supply pressure of 63 mm
water gauge.

A.4 Typical gas composition

Table 6 lists the individual components in the piped-gas. During normal operations, the expected
variations are given as a low and a high range. This list is intended to be a guide where specific
technical information is required.

Table 6 -Typical gas composition

Component Volume %

Hydrogen 60.0 61.5 65.0

Methane 3.0 5.2 7.0
n-Pentane 1.7 2.2 2.7
i-Pentane
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide 17.0 18.0 23.0
2.0 3.2 4.5
0.2
 Annex B

Natural gas specifications

Natural gas shall comply with the proposed common gas specification of Singapore as given in Table
7.

Table 7 - Proposed common gas specification

 Annex C

Safety precautions when using gas appliances

C.1 Safety precautions when using gas appliances

(a) Ensure that there is no smell of gas in the room or kitchen where the gas appliances are
located.

(b) Ensure that there is good ventilation. Open doors and windows if necessary.

(c) When lighting a hot plate burner or grill, apply the light to the burner when turning on the
control knob.

(d) When lighting an oven, open the door, apply light to the lighting hole or even burners as the
case may be when turning on the control knob.

(e) When lighting a water heater, light the pilot light first by applying a light to the pilot when
turning on the pilot light control knob.

(f) Ensure good ventilation when any gas appliances are in use.

(g) Do not leave combustible materials such as paper, plastic bags, cloth etc, over and around
gas appliances.

C.2 Safety precautions in case of suspected gas leakage

(a) Where there is a smell of gas no matter how faint, gas leakage may be suspected.

(b) Remove all sources and ignition such as flames, joss sticks, etc from the leak area, and open
all windows and doors.

(c) Shut off the gas supply to the appliances at the knobs, and at the meter control valves located
at the gas meter.

(d) Do not smoke.

(e) Keep away from the vicinity where there is the smell of gas.

(f) Call toll-free line (1800 - 7521800)

(g) Do not attempt to trace the source of leakage yourself by using a flame.

(h) Do not switch on or off any electrical switch in the vicinity as this may cause ignition

C.3 First-aid for a person overcome by gas

(a) Remove person to an open space.

(b) Assist the person to breadth plenty of fresh air, loosening clothing around neck, chest and
waist if necessary.

(c) Apply artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.

(d) Seek medical aid if necessary.

 Annex D

lnstallation of cookers and water heaters

D.1 lnstallation of gas cooking appliances

D.l.1 Appliance specification

The appliances must be suitable for the type of gas supply to which it will be connected. The
appliances have tapered thread connections to BS 21 to enable connection to the internal pipes.

0.1.2 Location

The location of a cooking appliance should be convenient to other facilities in the kitchen such as sink
or working top, and should be free from draughts and with adequate lighting from natural and artificial
sources. Cookers should generally not be fixed in corners or against tail fitments which might restrict
the positioning of utensils on the hotplate.

It is desirable that there should be a clear space of at least 1 m between the hot plate and any shelf or
fitments above. Cookers fitted with an eye level grill or an independent grill unit should have a clear
space or at least 1 m between the top of the grill and any adjacent material.

D.1.3 Ventilation

Ventilation is necessary to remove steam and odour produced during cooking by ensuring sufficient air
change, natural or otherwise in the kitchen as a whole. Separate flues to the outside air are normally
not necessary for domestic cooking appliances unless kitchen areas are air-conditioned. For
commercial kitchens, kitchen exhaust hoods and fresh air intake fans shall be provided.

D.1.4 lnstallation

The appliance shall be levelled correctly. The gas connecting pipe shall be of a size not less than that
of the inlet connection of the appliance. The use of an isolating valve operable by the user should be
avoided for domestic gas cooking appliances having integral gas taps.

The methods of connecting domestic gas cooking appliances are :

(a) Permanent rigid connection -This is suitable for all appliances, and a union should be fixed in
the gas supply at a point within or near the appliance.

(b) Flexible connection - To enable appliances to be moved to a limited extent for convenience of
use or to facilitate cleaning, a flexible connection may be used. The flexible connection should
be of heavy duty tubing of about a meter in length and shall comply with BS 669 or equivalent.
It is essential that the tubing should be fixed so that it hangs freely without strain and permits
easy movement of the appliance.

D.2 lnstallation of gas instantaneous water heaters

0.2.1 Appliance specification

All instantaneous gas water heaters shall be equipped with a flame failure device such that if the main
burner and pilot go off, the gas valve will be activated to close to a safe position.
D.2.2 Warning label

A warning label in the four official languages shall be attached to the front casing of the heater
instructing the user to keep all windows and ventilation holes open when the heater is in use.

D.2.3 Location

The location of the heater shall be as close as practicable to the point where the hot water supply is
required whilst complying with all the necessary requirements of ventilation and flueing. It should be
noted that all gas water heaters require a minimum water pressure for normal valve operation.

D.2.4 Ventilation a n d flues

D.2.4.1 General

Conventional instantaneous gas water heaters rely upon the air in a room to provide the oxygen
necessary for combustion and would normally discharge some or all of the products of c:mbustion
into the room. It is important to realize that 1 m3 of manufactured gas requires about 5 m of air for
complete combustion.

D.2.4.2 Installations not requiring flue installation

Instantaneous gas water heaters of rating not exceeding 42.2 MJlh installed in well ventilated kitchens
do not require a flue installation. However, where a flue can be installed, it would reduce the odour
products of combustion.

D.2.4.3 Installations requiring flue installation

For all other heater installations n09t conforming to Sub-clause D.2.3.2, a flue installation is
necessary.

The following requirements are recommended for the installation of instantaneous gas water heaters
with conventional flues:

(a) -
Flue run The appliance should be installed with at least 600 mm vertical secondary flue
measured from the outlet of the draught diverter and this should preferably be in the
bathrooms, rather than outside.

(b) Termination - The flue run should be completed with a suitable terminal at or above the ridge
of a pitched roof or about 600 mm above the level of a flat roof. With a pitched roof, when it is
difficult to achieve this requirement, a position at least 600 mrn above the eaves or the
intersection with the roof, whichever is higher, may be satisfactory. If the roof space is well
ventilated, flueing into this is acceptable.

(c) -
Ventilation The provision of an adequate amount of combustion air can be achieved by
2
having a permanent opening of 7700 mm in the same wall as the flue.

The above requirements apply to gas water heaters which in the absence of a flue would discharge
the products or combustion into the room in which the appliance is fitted.

There are however heaters of the "Balance flue and sealed combustion-chamber" types which are
designed to take the combustion air supply from, and discharge combustion products into, the outside,
or into a duct communicating directly with the outside air. Consideration should always be given to the
use of such balanced flue and sealed combustion-chamber appliances, wherever the provision of a
conventional flue presents any difficulty.
 r
Meter Control Valve

Gas
Main

Figure 1 -Typical g a s installation pipework for landed properties

 - !deter Control Valve

*
Gas W
Meter I
Pppliance
Connecting
Point

-
m
YI
1Z
s- Consumer3 internal pipe
Service Valve
--
5 $
P m
0 ?3

I - Og P5
1 Apron

r
LU m
/ / / / I
Gas Selvlce Pipe Service Pipe
'Gas Service
Isolation Valve " Gas SeMce IsolationValve to be located
/' at Or near orooeriv boundaN, apron, or
mlhln 3m from rile eoge or ine o d d ng ar
grouno leve , wnlcnever 1s apprnprlale
Gas
Main

Figure 2 -Typical g a s installation pipework for high rise properties

 1
I
I
I
I
I
!
1
I
I
I
I
Detail B I
L J

o Derails for a "SPOOL- installation with flanged joim

Figure 3 - Details of typical spool installation

 I

Gas inlet

Plugged tee for drainage

-Poundation
floor level

200mm x 2OOmm r 6mm

.;
. . . . . . ...........
.*.;
.. . -
. . . . 4:. :
" .- ... \ .
. .....I. _.,; , , j . .... ' 3 -... ..: M.S. plate welded on

. ", ,: *. . . . ... .I. . . . . ..' . ; . '.: .

.
.'I.

...:.:.
.
:.(.;:
,,... .; : _ . . _ . . . .
L.. .. '.. ........ . ... . . . . . .
r. . . . . .-. . . . . . . :,. . . .:? - :..-. ."'.:f... :..>p.: .-:...Lr
.* .. . . :. .. . . . .
L.
.-
,
\ :..,.i
. , .. ...
"
'
:
. .;
',+ ..
' ,.

" . ,. .. ,-
* ,
. . .1';... \.: ,:. : ....
...... . . ,?. < , ,
.
: . .:- :
... . . .
..........
I . . I

Concrete plinth to
take weight of riser I
I .
\

Figure 4 - Atypical duckfoot riser support

 LJ .

Steel bracket welded onto

sleeve and cab-in-situ i n
retaining wall Pipe wapped with
[puddle flange] petrolatum tape &hat dipped
galvanised if API pipe is used
[eg. valve chamber]

\
L Retaining Wall

Figure 5 - Pipe sleeve in retaining wall

I!
la
c
3
m CHAMBER COVER CIW INSULATION GASKET INSTALL AT TWO
I GRATING VENTL4LTION FLANGES BETWEEN Dl & API PIPES
I
u
2.
0
'U
2.
a
m
m
a PIPE SLEEVE CMT
2a PUDDLE FLANGE
In
E
ln
WATERPROOF SEALENT
3
m
a
CC

ln
(U
a
Q
3
E
DUCTILE IRON PIPE API GAS PIPE WITH HOT DIPPED
GALVANISED & PETROLATUM
$ TAPE WRAPPED
2
iT
n
0
rr GRAVEL BASE OR OTHER
5u DRAINAGE MEANS
BASEMENT CARPARK

F
kL
5
Z
-
m
Q
 Polyethylene pipe sleeved cc-nc
mlutnr Iim- WK con-%e
with u P W pipe or galuanised -., apmn. {no% avblcclcd

i
tn
imn pipe wrapped with wMcu:er vanl;]
petmlatum tape \.
\ /

(a) wnereme plpe can be emberMsd withln lhe wncrela apron

/ Polyethylene pipe sleeved whh
u P W pipe or~alvanisedimn pipe
c~~lenl wrapped with pefmlaturn tape
Virlded aL-:

I LOD- I I L L canrre~e
~~:
v m n [not suD$ecLed
I n vchiculnr Vatbc)

(b) Where the pipe size is bigger IMn the tmlcreie apron

Figure 7 -Typical pipe encased in floor structure

 Originally
(a) Solid Wall Constructed
floor level

Pipes shall tle located within these zones

Onginally
(b) Vertical centre line of wall falling within door, window or CO~SINC~~~
floor level
any opening in wall

Figure 8 -Zones for pipes chased in wall

 API GAS PIPE

API PIPE CONCEALED

TRANSITION JOINT BE IN WALL WITH HOT
API AND COPPER PIPE DIPPED GALVANISED

COPPER PIPE
CONCEALED IN

Figure 9 -Typical short section of API pipe chased in wall

 ................................ MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM

CONTROL

GAS Df3ECTOR

SAFETY CUT-OFF VALVE

(SOLENOID VALVE)
I
...............
GAS METER
.. -- - . - -

-'-?.-
r-. r
rK!
1
v r-.
METER INLET
CONTROLVALVE
4 1 , M t l t K UUlLtl
CONTROLVALVE
TO
GAS
PLIANCES

NON-RETURN VALVE

I
SAFETY CUT-FF BY-PASS VALVE
l1 TEST NIPPLE

METER BY-PASS VALVE

SOCKET UNIONS SHOULD BE USED WHEN INSTALLING SOLENOID VALVE TO ENABLE

DISMANTLING OR REPLACEMENT NON-RETURN VALVE AND LOW PRESSURE SWITCH TO BE
INSTALLED WHEN FORCED DRAUGHT EQUIPMENT IS USED
TEST NIPPLE : 3MM DIAMETER

Figure 10 -Example of an interlocking system

Figure 11 -Typical riser duct sealed at each floor
SECOND FWOR

Figure 12 -Typical continuous riser duct

Th s a m ss is meant !or spcedynq m mum separal on dmances on y Mml cMllglrr;nlcn af mclcr
m m anon syun mlEd aepeno on duz! 13aion wllll E p e u lo -sago ~ ~ 1 1 6

Figure 13 -Typical meter installation

Standards referred to:
API 5L Line pipe

BS EN 969 Specification for ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for gas
pipelines - Requirements and test methods

BS EN 1057 Copper and copper alloys - Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas
in sanitary and heating applications

BS EN 1254-1 Copper and copper alloys - Plumbing fittings

Part 1 : Fittings with ends for capillary soldering or capillary brazing to copper
tubes

BS EN 1514-1 Flanges and their joints - dimensions of gaskets for PNdesignated flanges

Part 1 : Non-metallic flat gaskets with or without

BS EN 1515-1 Flanges and their joints - Bolting

Part 1 : Selection of bolting

BS EN 12007-2 Gas supply systems - Pipelines for maximum operating pressure up to and
including 16 bar

Part 2 : Specific functional recommendations

BS EN 61779 Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of flammable gases

BS EN IS0 1461 Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles -
specifications and test methods

Specification for pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints
are made on the threads (metric dimensions)

BS 143 Threaded pipe fittings in malleable cast iron and cast copper alloy

BS 381C Specification for colours for identification, coding and special purposes

BS 1387 Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain
end steel tubes and tubuiars and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding
or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads

BS 1552 Specification for manual shut-off valves for use with I", 2"' and 3M family
gases

BS 2640 Specification for class II oxy-acetylene welding of carbon steel pipework for
carrying fluids

BS 2971 Specification for class II arc welding of carbon steel pipework for carrying
fluids

BS 3063 Specification for dimensions of gaskets for pipe flanges

BS 3601 Specification for carbon steel pipes and tubes with specified room
temperature properties for pressure purposes
BS 3605 : - Austenitic stainless steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes

Part 1 : Specification for seamless tubes

Part 2 : Specification for longitudinally welded tubes

Specification for cast iron gate valves

Specification for steel globe valves, globe stop and check valves and lift type
check valves

Specification for jointing materials and zoompounds for installations using

water, low-pressure steam or I", 2ndand 3 family gases

Surface boxes, guards and underground chambers for gas and wate~lorks
purposes

Part 2 : Specification for small surface boxes

Specification for unsintered PTFE tape. General requirements

Steel tubes suitable for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres

Part 1 : Construction and test of flameproof enclosures of electrical apparatus

 STANDARDS, PRODUCTIVITY AND INNOVATION BOARD (SPRING SINGAPORE)

The mission of the Standards, Productivity and lnnovation Board, or SPRING Singapore in short, is to
raise productivity so as to enhance Singapore's competitiveness and economic growth for a better
quality of life for our people. In carrying out its mission, SPRING Singapore focuses on three areas:
productivity and innovation, standards and quality, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
and the domestic sector.

Productivity and lnnovation

The Productivity and lnnovation focus has three key thrusts: promotion, organisational excellence and
people excellence.

SPRING spearheads the Productivity Movement, which now encompasses innovation. A key strategy
is the promotion of an innovation mindset among the workforce.

SPRING assists organisations to systematically achieve world-class standards of business excellence.

At the apex of its internationally recognised Business Excellence programme is the Singapore Quality
Award (SQA). Supporting programmes include those in the areas of innovation and service
excellence.

SPRING initiates leading-edge programmes to enhance the capabilities of the workforce. This
strategy supports the broader thrust of building up the competencies of organisations to achieve
excellence.

Standards and Quality

The focus area of Standards and Quality has two major thrusts: standardisation and conformity
assessment, and measurement infrastructure development. These are aimed at enhancing
productivity, facilitating market access, ensuring safety and health, and protecting the environment.

SPRING administers the Singapore standardisation programme, which focuses on developing and
promoting the use of standards in industry. It is also the national authority for the accreditation of
conformity assessment bodies. SPRING enforces the Weights & Measures Act to protect consumers
by ensuring that market transactions based on weights and measures are accurate. It also
administers the Singapore Consumer Protection Registration Scheme to ensure that consumer
electrical, electronic and gas appliances, and products are safe.

SPRING develops and maintains the measurement infrastructure to meet the measurement needs of
industry. It provides a national system of traceability that covers measurements related to length.
mass, time and frequency, electromagnetic, temperature, and radiometric and photometric quantities.

SMEs and Domestic Sector

The SMEs and Domestic Sector area of focus has three thrusts: broad-based assistance, enterprise
upgrading and domestic sector development.

SPRING serves as the first stop for SMEs that need information and assistance for upgrading. As the
secretariat to the Pro-Enterprise Panel, it actively seeks out suggestions on possible revisions to
government rules and regulations to improve the business environment.

SPRING adopts a total approach in building up the capabilities of SMEs. This includes mentoring
SMEs to map out strategic directions and implement best practices, and assisting fast-growing SMEs
in areas such as business development and technology enhancement.
SPRING plays a lead role in creating a vibrant and resilient domestic sector. Examples of clusters in
the sector are Retail, Construction, and Food and Beverage.

To support the development of SMEs and the Domestic Sector, SPRING administers the Local
Enterprise Finance Scheme (LEFS) and the Local Enterprise Technical Assistance Scheme (LETAS).
LEFS is a fixed interest rate loan for SMEs to expand and develop new capabilities. LETAS is a grant
scheme to help SMEs seek external expertise to modernise and upgrade their operations.

SPRING Singapore
2 Bukit Merah Central
Singapore 159835
Tei: 6278 6666
Fax: 6278 6667
E-mail: queries@spring.gov.sg
Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg

ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME

Under the national standardisation programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to
meet international standards and conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of
standardisation to enhance competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development
and use of Singapore Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies
and industry on the latest developments.

SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the
preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and
their implementation.

Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice,
methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective standards committee will draw up the
standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council. To ensure adequate
representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore Standards, all committees appointed
consist of representatives from various interest groups which include government agencies,
professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and manufacturing organisations.

Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for
specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an
absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a
period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All
comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to
determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can therefore
become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further
comments or be withdrawn.

In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the international Organisation
of Standardisation (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Sub-committee for
Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and
Quality (ACCSQ). The Singapore National Committee of tne International Electrotecnnical
Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC