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COMPUTER
Computer: -
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability
to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to
type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web.
Computer is divided in two part fist hardware & software.
Computer
Hardware Software
A complete computer system consists of four parts: -
Hardware: Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of the
computer.
Software: Software is a set of electronic instructions consisting of complex codes
(Programs) that make the computer perform tasks.
User: The computer operators are known as users.
Data: Consists of raw facts, which the computer stores and reads in the form of
numbers.
The following features characterize this electronic machine:
Speed
Accuracy
Storage and Retrieval
Repeated Processing Capabilities
Reliability
Flexibility
Low cost
These three steps constitute the data processing cycle.
Input -Input data is prepared in some convenient form for processing. The form will
depend on the processing machine. For example, when electronic computers are used,
It is not an easy language for you to learn because of its difficult to understand. It is efficient
for the computer but very inefficient for programmers. It is considered to the first
generation language.
Advantage: -
Program of machine language run very fast because no translation program is
required for the CPU.
Disadvantages: -
It is very difficult to program in machine language. The programmer has to
know details of hardware to write a program.
The programmer has to remember a lot of codes to write a program which
results in program errors.
It is difficult to debug the program.
Assembly Language
It is the first step to improve the programming structure. You should know that computer can
handle numbers and letter. Therefore some combination of letters can be used to substitute
for a number of machine codes.
The set of symbols and letters forms the Assembly Language and a translator program is
required to translate the Assembly Language to machine language. This translator program is
called `Assembler'. It is considered to be a second-generation language.
Advantages: -
The symbolic programming of Assembly Language is easier to understand and
saves a lot of time and effort of the programmer.
It is easier to correct errors and modify program instructions.
Assembly Language has the same efficiency of execution as the machine level
language. Because this is a one-to-one translator between assembly language program
and its corresponding machine language program.
Disadvantages: -
Assembly language is machine dependent.
A program written for one computer might not run on other computers with
different hardware configuration.
High-Level languages