5G Air Interface

Enhanced Mobile Broadband with Millimeter Wave

© 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
A Founda)on for 5G Performance
Enhanced Mobile Peak User experienced
Broadband data rate data rate

Area traffic Spectrum

capacity efficiency

Network Mobility
energy efficiency

Massive Machine Ultra-Reliable and Low

Type Communica)on Latency Communica)on
Connec)on density Latency
Source: etsi.org

5G millimeter wave air interface technology addresses eMBB KPIs

2 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Non-Standalone Architecture
mmW – LTE integration is a foundation for initial deployments

3GPP NAS/ “LTE Assisted” OpBon 3A

EPC NGC

NG-C NG-U
S1-C S1-U

eNB gNB gNB

3GPP Non-standalone (NSA) “LTE Assisted” 3GPP Standalone (SA) OpBon 2

Option 3A 3GPP Release 15 3GPP Release 15 (June 2018)

3 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5G Air Interface Millimeter Wave (mmW) and LTE Demo
Featured Technologies
• mmW integration with LTE in non-standalone mode
• mmW indoor mobility mmW
Beam switching eNB
BS
• mmW beam management
• Beam acquisition and beam pairing
• Beam switching to support low mobility terminals
• Beam pairing in both the downlink and uplink

• Sub-6 GHZ LTE data and control plane overlay LTE

Link
• mmW data plane fallback to LTE data plane

User experience x
• Video streaming application which showcases dual RAT
data plane mmW and LTE
• 4K video over mmW link vs. low-resolution video over LTE

4 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 Data and Control Plane Architecture
LTE data plane switch handled LTE control plane carries mmW
by UE agent and BS agents measurements to access manager
Access
Manager
Ethernet Ethernet BS SWITCH
EPC BS SWITCH Media EPC Media
L2 L2 Server
eNB Server eNB

Ethernet
Ethernet
BS Agent

LTE
LTE

mmW BS mmW BS

L
L

ink
ink

Legend mmW Link Legend mmW Link

Data flow over LTE LTE-UE Access Mgr/UE/BS Agent LTE-UE
mmW UE mmW UE
Data flow over mmW LTE Control Plane Overlay
Data flow over Ethernet mmW BS Control Path
UE Switch L2 UE Switch L2

Note: Only one flow is acAve at a Ame

(i.e. either over LTE or mmW link) UE Agent

User Host User Host

DASH video server will send a low resoluAon video stream

over the LTE link in order to show a noAceable change in video resoluAon

5 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Open Air Interface Alliance LTE and mmW 5G NR
InterDigital is an Associate member of the Open Air Interface Alliance
developing software defined PHY/MAC functionality for 5G NR

eNB Computer EPC Computer

hss

LTE USB3 Ethernet Ethernet

USRP Ite-softmodem mme CLOUD

spgw
OAI SoPware App
Hardware

LTE virtual core network and eNB funcKons are integrated with mmW in the demo

6 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 60GHz PAA Module
• RX/TX Antennas are planar arrays of 4x8 elements each
• Transceiver ICs (PRS1126) are placed between TX and RX antennas
• Beam steering is performed in the horizontal plane by varying
steering angle θS

Key Radio Specs

Radio Arch. PAA with 8x PRS1126, driving 8x [4x1] patch antennas
RF Band 57GHz to 64GHz (centered at 802.11ad channels)
Ref Clock 45MHz (TCXO)
Mode Primary mode - TDD (each TRX in either Tx or Rx mode only)
(OpMonal) Secondary mode – FDD
[1-4] TX & [1-4] RX (with Tx CH ≠ Rx CH)
Duplex Spacing 2 to 4GHz (adjacent or alternate channel)
CH BW up to 250MHz (or 500MHz RF) due to sampling rate limita[ons,
i.e., usage limited to a frac[on of available 802.11ad CH
PLL Phase Noise: <7 degrees RMS
Rx Conv. Gain >70dB
EVM -21dB
AGC Range 65dB (as per PRS1126 spec)

7 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 mmW BS/Terminal Pla/orm HTG-830 Converter
FPGA Board Board PAA 1

Expansion Header
• mmW access BS or terminal

PAA Conn 1
Peraso

(x4)
• Pla2orm supports 2 PAA modules, each ... x4

Level Translators
FMC Conn 1
ADCs
JESD TX Ant RX Ant
with 8 radios Core (x4)
(x8) (x8)

PAA Conn 2
(x16)
• 1 PAA module per terminal x4
DACs Peraso

LEDs (x4)
• Pla2orm supports 16 complex digital
(x4)
Cntl
Modem

streams, 8 for each PAA PAA 2

Subsystem OSC REF Clock
Data Distribu^on
TPs
HS Clock
• Each digital stream can operate at a

PAA Conn 1
Distribu^on Peraso
Temp

maximum sampling rate of 500MHz ...

(x4)

x4

Level Translators
FMC Conn 2
ADCs TX Ant RX Ant
• RF BW 400MHz JESD
Core (x4) (x8) (x8)

PAA Conn 2
• QPSK, 16QAM
(x16) x4 Peraso
DACs

(x4) (x4)
+12 Pwr Conn +12 Pwr Conn
• User data rate @16QAM, 270Mbps
+12V Power
Supply

8 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

A Pla&orm for System Analysis and Research
Digital beamforming is a promising further improvement for future mmW architectures

• Ini$al Access (IA) • Radio Link Failure (RLF)

• IA latency increases with increasing array size • mmW connec$on may result in more frequent RLF due to
• Beam management protocols addressed in 3GPP severe non-line-of-sight losses
NR to reduce overhead, power and latency • RLF detec$on performance is superior in a Non-Standalone
• Digital beamforming can further reduce latency architecture (LTE-Overlay) as compared to Stand-Alone (SA)
over analog • Digital beamforming can improve RLF reac$veness

These results are a result of a research collabora$on between InterDigital and University of Padua/Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca. Ref.: M. Giordani, M. Polese, A. Roy, D. Castor and M. Zorzi “Beam Management Frameworks for 3GPP New Radio at mmWave Frequencies,” NSF mmW RCN, Jan. 2018.

9 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

mmW Beamforming User Interface

• Average and con,nuous throughput

measurements
• Display beam selec,on pairing
between mmW BS and mmW
terminal as a func,on of posi,on
on track
• LTE status monitor
• User control of a motorized
track-slow down, speed up, reverse
• Received SNR measurements from
each of 8 beams

10 © 2018 InterDigital, Inc. All Rights Reserved.