MATEMÁTICA III

MATRICES
PRACTICA N° 1

Ejercicios con matrices:

21. Sean las matrices:
𝑥 − 2𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦+4 2/3 −2
A= [ ] ; B= [ ]; C= [ ]
3 𝑥−𝑦 3 4 −1 0
Si A=B, Hallar A + BC
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2
−(−𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2) 𝑥 − 2(2) = 2
𝑥−𝑦=4 𝑥−4=2
𝑦=2 𝑥=6
Entonces:
4
2 6 2/3 −2 − 6 −4 − 0 𝟏𝟒/𝟔 −𝟒
BC= [ ]∗[ ] = [3 ]=[ ]
3 4 −1 0 2 − 4 −6 + 0 −𝟐 −𝟔

2 6 14/6 −4 −𝟏/𝟑 𝟐
A+BC= [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
3 4 −2 −6 𝟏 −𝟐

3 1 −2 6 7 −5 6 3 −7
25. Si A = [−7 1 4 ] ; B = [ 12 5 −6] ; C = [ 12 5 −6] resolver la
8 3 6 −1 14 10 −1 14 10
ecuación:
𝟐(𝑿 − 𝟐) = 𝟑𝑿 − 𝑪 − 𝟐(𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 − 𝑿)
2𝑋 − 4 = 3𝑋 − 𝐶 − 2𝐴 − 4𝐵 + 2𝑋
−3𝑋 = −𝐶 − 2𝐴 − 4𝐵 − 4
𝐶+2𝐴+4𝐵−4
𝑋= 3

Resolver:

6 3 −7 3 1 −2 6 7 −5
[ 12 5 −6] + 2 [−7 1 4 ] + 4 [ 12 5 −6] − 4
𝑋 = −1 14 10 8 3 6 −1 14 10
3
MATEMÁTICA III

6 3 −7 6 2 −4 24 28 −20
[ 12 5 −6] + [−14 2 8 ] + [ 48 20 −24] − 4
𝑋 = −1 14 10 16 6 12 −4 56 40
3
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟑 −𝟑𝟏
[𝟒𝟔 𝟐𝟕 −𝟐𝟐] − 𝟒
𝑿 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟕𝟔 𝟔𝟐
𝟑

29. Hallar una Matriz X de orden 2x1 tal que: AX = 3X, donde A = [2𝑖 1
]
3 −2𝑖
Falta -------------------
MATEMÁTICA III

2 1 3
35. Si A= [1 −1 2] , Hallar M = A3 – 2A2
1 2 1
2 1 3 2 1 3 4+1+3 2 + (−1) + 6 6+2+3
A3 = [1 −1 2] ∗ [1 −1 2] = [2 + (−1) +2 1+1+4 3 + (−2) + 2]
1 2 1 1 2 1 2+2+1 1 + (−2) + 2 3+4+1

8 7 11 2 1 3 16 + 7 + 11 8 + (−7) + 22 24 + 14 + 11
A3 = [3 5 3 ] ∗ [ 1 −1 2] = [ 6 + 5 + 3 3 + (−5) + 6 9 + 10 + 3 ]
5 1 8 1 2 1 10 + 1 + 8 5 + (−1) + 16 15 + 2 + 8
34 23 49
A3 = [15 3 24]
19 20 25
Entonces:
2 1 3 2 1 3 4+1+3 2−1+6 6+2+3
A2 = [1 −1 2] * [1 −1 2] = [2 − 1 + 2 1 + 1 + 4 3 − 2 + 2]
1 2 1 1 2 1 2+2+1 1−2+2 3+4+1
8 7 11
A2 = [3 6 3 ]
5 1 8
Entonces:
16 14 22
2A2 = [ 6 12 6 ]
10 2 16
Entonces M = A3 – 2A2 :
34 23 49 16 14 22
A3 = [15 3 24] - 2A2 = [ 6 12 6]=
19 20 25 10 2 16
18 9 27
M=[9 −9 18]
9 18 9

PRACTICA N° 2
Halle el valor de cada uno de los determinantes:
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝟐. |𝑨| = |𝟏 𝟐 𝟑|
−𝟐 𝟓 𝟒

|𝐴| = 3 [2 3 1 3 1 2
] − 4[ ] + 5[ ]
5 4 −2 4 −2 5
MATEMÁTICA III

|𝐴| = 3(8 − 15) − 4(4 + 6) + 5(5 + 4)

|𝐴| = −21 − 40 + 45 = −𝟏𝟕

−𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟔. |𝑨| = | 𝟒 𝟐 𝟔|
−𝟑 𝟓 −𝟓

|𝐴| = −2 [2 6 ] − 3 [ 4 6 4 2
] + 4[ ]
5 −5 −3 −5 −3 5
|𝐴| = −2(−10 − 30) − 3(20 − (18)) + 4(20 − (−6))

|𝐴| = 80 − (−6) + 104

|𝑨| = 𝟏𝟗𝟎

𝒙−𝒚−𝒛 𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏𝟎. |𝑨| = | 𝟐𝒚 𝒙−𝒚−𝒛 𝟐𝒚 |
𝟐𝒛 𝟐𝒛 𝒛−𝒙−𝒚
𝑥−𝑦−𝑧 2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 𝑦−𝑥−𝑧
|𝐴| = (𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧) [ ] − (2𝑥) [ ] + (2𝑥) [ ]
2𝑧 𝑧−𝑥−𝑦 2𝑧 𝑧−𝑥−𝑦 2𝑧 2𝑧
(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧)[(𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) − (2𝑧)(2𝑦)] − (2𝑥)[(2𝑦)(𝑧 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) − (2𝑧)(2𝑦)] +
(2𝑥)[(2𝑦)(2𝑧) − (2𝑧)(𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧)]
(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧)[𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧 2 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑦𝑧] − (2𝑥)[2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦 −
2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦𝑧] + (2𝑥)[4𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 ]
(𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧)[−2𝑦𝑧 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 ] − (2𝑥)[−2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 ] + (2𝑥)[2𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 ]

−2𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑧 2 + 2𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 2 + 2𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝑧𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑧 3 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧 +

4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥 2 𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧 2

𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑧 2 + 3𝑦 2 𝑧 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 2 𝑧

|𝑨| = (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝟑
MATEMÁTICA III

PRACTICA N° 3

Halle la inversa de la Matriz

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟑. 𝑨 = |𝟐 𝟒 𝟓|falta…
𝟑 𝟓 𝟔

𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟕
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
𝟕. 𝑨 = | |falta…
𝟓 𝟕 𝟑 𝟗
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑

𝟏 𝒂+𝒃 𝟎
14. Si 𝑨 = |𝟐 𝟓 𝒂|
𝒃 𝒙 𝟑
 Como 𝐴 es simétrica entonces
1 𝑎+𝑏 0 1 2 𝑏
𝐴 = [2 5 𝑎] 𝐴−𝑡 = [𝑎 + 𝑏 5 𝑥]
𝑏 𝑥 3 0 𝑎 3
 𝑎+𝑏 =2 →𝑎=2
1 2 0
 𝑏=0 →𝑏=0 𝑡
𝐴 = 𝐴 = [2 5 2] → por ser simetrica
0 2 3
 𝑥=𝑎 →𝑥=2
Ahora:
|𝐴| = 1(11) − 2(6) + 0 = −𝟏
5 2
𝜶𝟏𝟏 = (−1)2 𝑀𝟏𝟏 = 𝑀𝟏𝟏 | | = 𝟏𝟏
2 3
2 2
𝜶𝟏𝟐 = (−1)3 𝑀𝟏𝟐 = −𝑀𝟏𝟐 | | = −𝟔
0 3
2 5
𝜶𝟏𝟑 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟏𝟑 = 𝑀𝟏𝟑 | |=𝟒
0 2
2 0
𝜶𝟐𝟏 = (−1)3 𝑀𝟐𝟏 = −𝑀𝟐𝟏 | | = −𝟔
2 3
1 0
𝜶𝟐𝟐 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟐𝟐 = 𝑀𝟐𝟐 | |=𝟑
0 3
MATEMÁTICA III

1 2
𝜶𝟐𝟑 = (−1)5 𝑀𝟐𝟑 = −𝑀𝟐𝟑 | | = −𝟐
0 2
2 0
𝜶𝟑𝟏 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟑𝟏 = 𝑀𝟑𝟏 | |=𝟒
5 2
1 0
𝜶𝟑𝟐 = (−1)5 𝑀𝟑𝟐 = −𝑀𝟑𝟐 | | = −𝟐
2 2
1 2
𝜶𝟑𝟑 = (−1)6 𝑀𝟑𝟑 = 𝑀𝟑𝟑 | |=𝟏
2 5
Ahora:
11 −6 4
Adj. 𝐴 = |−6 3 −2|
4 −2 1
11 −6 4 −𝟏𝟏 𝟔 −𝟒
−1 1 −1 1
Ahora: 𝐴 = |𝐴|
. 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐴 → 𝐴 = |−1|
|−6 3 −2| = [ 𝟔 −𝟑 𝟐 ]
4 −2 1 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏
𝐴. 𝐴−1 =
1 2 0 −11 6 −4 −11 + 12 + 0 6−6+0 −4 + 4 + 0
[2 5 2] [ 6 −3 2 ]=[−22 + 30 − 8 12 − 15 + 4 −8 + 10 − 2]
0 2 3 −4 2 −1 0 + 12 − 12 0−6+6 0+4−3
1 0 0
−1
𝐴. 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ]
0 0 1

PRACTICA N° 4
Resolver los siguientes sistemas de ecuaciones lineales:
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟓 = 𝟏
2. { 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔𝒙𝟓 = 𝟐
𝟑𝒙𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟒 − 𝟗𝒙𝟓 = 𝟑
H (-3)
1 1 −2 1 3 : 1 H21 (-2) 1 1 −2 1 3 : 1
[𝐴: 𝐻]= [2 −1 2 2 6 : 2] [0 −3 6 0 0 : 0]
3 2 4 3 −9 : 3 H31 (-3) 0 1 2 −6 −18 : 0
1 1 −2 1 3 : 1 H12 (-1) 1 0 0 1 3 : 1 H31 (-1)
[0 1 −2 0 0 : 0] [0 1 −2 0 0 : 0]
0 −1 2 −6 −18 : 0 H32 (1) 0 0 0 −6 −18 : 0 H23 (-6)
1 0 0 1 3 : 1 H32 (-1) 1 0 0 0 −10/3 : 1
[0 1 −2 0 0 : 0] [0 1 −2 0 0 : 0]
0 0 0 1 3 : 0 0 0 0 1 3 : 0
Entonces:
MATEMÁTICA III

𝟏𝟎
𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑 = 𝟏
Se lee de la Ultima Matriz { 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟔
𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟓 = 𝟎
𝟔

Haciendo, tenemos que:

x3 = 9 ; x5 = b ; a,b € R,

Tendremos:
10
𝑥1 − 𝑏 = 1 ; 𝑥2 = 29 ; 𝑥3 = 9 ; 𝑥4 = −3𝑏 ; 𝑥5 = 𝑏
3

𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟒 = 𝟕
6. {𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟗

Solución:
1 1 −1 1 : 0 H21 (-3) 1 1 −1 1 : 0 H2 (-1/4)
[𝐴: 𝐻]= [3 −1 2 3 : 7 0 −4 5 0 : 7
] [ ]
1 2 −2 −1 : −1 0 1 −1 −2 : −1
0 0 3 1 : 9 H31 (-1) 0 0 3 1 : 9
1 1 −1 1 : 0 H12 (-1) 1 0 1/4 1 : 7/4 H3 (4)
0 1 −5/4 0 : −7/4 0 1 −5/4 0 : −7/4
[𝐴: 𝐻]= [ ] [ ]
0 1 −1 −2 : −1 0 0 −1/4 −2 : 3/4
0 0 3 1 : 9 H31 (-1) 0 0 3 1 : 9
1 0 1/4 1 : 7/4 H13 (-1/4) 1 0 0 3 : 1 H4 (1/25)
[𝐴: 𝐻]= [0 1 −5/4 0 : −7/4 H23 (5/4) 0 1 0 −10 : 2
] [ ]
0 0 1 −8 : 3 0 0 1 −8 : 3
0 0 3 1 : 9 H43 (-3) 0 0 0 25 : 0
1 0 0 3 : 1 H14 (-3) 1 0 0 0 : 1
[𝐴: 𝐻]= [0 1 0 −10 : 2 H24 (10) 0 1 0 0 : 2
] [ ]
0 0 1 −8 : 3 0 0 1 0 : 3
0 0 0 1 : 0 H34 (8) 0 0 0 1 : 0

Entonces tenemos que: x1 = 1 ; x2 = 2 ; x3 = 3 ; x4 = 0 : Verificamos

- (𝟏) + (𝟐) − (𝟑) + (𝟎) = 𝟎
- 𝟑(𝟏) − (𝟐) + 𝟐(𝟑) + 𝟑(𝟎) = 𝟕
- 𝟏 + 𝟐(𝟐) − 𝟐(𝟑) − 𝟎 = −𝟏
- 𝟑(𝟑) + 𝟎 = 𝟗
MATEMÁTICA III

10. Por el método de Gauss resolver los siguientes sistemas:

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟓
a) { 𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝒛 = 𝟎
𝟒𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 = 𝟑

3 2 1 : 5 H1 (1/3) 1 2/3 1/3 : 5/3 H21 (-1)

[𝐴𝐻]= [1 1 −1 : 0] [1 1 −1 : 0 ]
4 −1 −5 : 3 4 −1 −5 : 3 H31 (-4)
1 2/3 1/3 : 5/3 H2 (3) 1 2/3 1/3 : 5/3 H12 (-2/3)
[𝐴𝐻]= [0 1/3 −4/3 : −5/3 ] [0 1 −4 : −5 ]
0 −11/3 −19/3 : −11/3 0 −11/3 −19/3 : −11/3 H32 (11/3)
1 0 3 : 5 H3 (-1/31) 1 0 3 : 5 H13 (-3)
[𝐴𝐻]= [0 1 −4 : −5 ] [0 1 −4 : −5 ]
0 0 31 : −32 0 0 1 : 32/31 H23 (4)
1 0 0 : 59/31 x
[𝐴𝐻]= [0 1 0 : −27/31] y
0 0 1 : 32/31 z

Comprobando:
𝟓𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟐
𝟑( ) + 𝟐(− ) + ( ) = 𝟓
𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏
𝟓𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟐
( ) + (− ) − ( ) = 𝟎
𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏
𝟓𝟗 𝟐𝟕 𝟑𝟐
𝟒( ) − (− ) + 𝟓( ) = 𝟑
𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏 𝟑𝟏