01 Circuit Pretection

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPIR
Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
SUBJECT :
ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTAL 2
(AKD10203)
Subject Code AKD10203

RevisionDate: Original
: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
TOPIC 1 :
CIRCUIT PROTECTION
AND CONTROL
DEVICES

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES
 Developed to protect personnel and electrical circuits from

currents and voltages outside their normal operating range.
 used to stop current flow by opening the circuit.
 must always be connected in series with the circuit.
 when open, indicate problem exist in the circuit.
 should isolate the faulty circuit from the other unaffected circuit.
 problems should be corrected before restoring the circuit current.

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Issue No : 01

In a simple electric circuit, it must
have :
a. Source – battery or generator
b. Switch – to interrupt the circuit
c. Fuse or circuit breaker – to protect
the wire / circuit
d. Load – which consume power
e. Conductor / wire – to carry power
form the source to the load
‘Closed Circuit’ means the electrical load will operate correctly. The
circuit current is 2 ampere.

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Issue No : 01

‘Open Circuit’ means, when a switch
is closed and the lamp will not light
up. This is due to :
a. Switch faulty (defect)
b. Fuse is blown
c. Wire or conductor is broken
d. Lamp is blown
‘Open Circuit’ mean the load will not operate or malfunction, thus no current
flow.
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Issue No : 01

‘Short Circuit’ means the current
flow bypass the load and this will
cause the circuit current wire
increase thus burnt the wire.
To protect this wire, the fuse will
blown and the circuit becomes
‘open circuit’.
That is the function of a fuse or
circuit breaker as a protection
devices.
Ex : Resistance of a conductor is 0.1 ohms.

Therefore the circuit current will be
12V / 0.1 ohm = 120A

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Issue No : 01
 Circuit conditions requiring protection devices.
 Direct short or Short circuit – a path of current that
bypass the load to directly flow to the return side of the
circuit
 Caused excessive current flow and heat.
 Excessive current – caused by the decrease in resistance
or total circuit impedance.
 Examples: Change in Ohmic value; Capacitor’s dielectric
leakage; Partial short of Inductor’s winding.
 Excessive heat – generated by higher current or
temperature.
 Examples: Overheat of the motor or generator due to bearing
failure; Rise in temperature around an electrical or electronic
circuit due to failure of a cooling system.

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Issue No : 01
 Two types circuit protection
device:
1. Fuse:-
 Made of low melting point alloy.
 Made of lead; lead and tin; tin and
bismuth.
 When current flow becomes excessive,
the metal alloy melts and open the
circuit.
 Not resettable and when blown must
be replaced with new one.
 Rated according to the maximum
continuous amperage they can carry.
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Issue No : 01
a. Fast blow fuse for general purpose
use.
 Has narrow link of metal strip
encased in a tubular glass.
b. Slow blow fuse is used in power

surge area.
 Larger fusible link held under
tension by a small spring.
 Accept a momentary surge of
current.
 A short delay before the metal link
melts.
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For certification of a normal, utility, acrobatic or
commuter category aircraft.
 CFR 14 Part 23 Requirement -
 1 spare fuse of each rating; or
 50% of each rating whichever is greater.
 CFR 14 Part 91 Requirement – Aircraft flying at night:

 must carry a spare set which may consists of a complete
replacement set of fuses; or
 A quantity of 3 replacement fuse for each kind.
 All spare fuses must be accessible to the pilot in flight.
Note: CFR = Code of Federal Regulation.

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Issue No : 01
2. CIRCUIT BREAKER
Automatically open the circuit
when excessive current flow.
Work on the principle of heat
(bimetallic) or magnetic field.
Have some mean to show it
opened the circuit.
Can be reset to restore the circuit
after the fault corrected.

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
Ex :
- If no short circuit occur,
the contact will remain
close under normal
operating current.
- an electromagnet not
strong enough to pull
(energise) the contact
open
Magnetic Effect
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Issue No : 01
Close Circuit
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Issue No : 01
- when short circuit or excessive

current, an electromagnet
strong enough to pull
(energise) the contact open
- the circuit now become open
circuit
- to restore the circuit is by reset
the circuit breaker by reset
button
Magnetic Effect

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Open Circuit
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Circuit Breaker Using Heating Effect (Bimetallic)

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Circuit Breaker Using Bimetallic and Magnetic Effect

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 CIRCUIT BREAKER (cont)
 Type
 Push to reset
• Pop out when overload occur.
• Cannot manually open the circuit
• Cannot be used as a switch.

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
 CIRCUIT BREAKER (cont)
Push-pull
• Pop out when overload – normally
identified by white band.
• Can be manually pulled out to open the
circuit.
• As switches for maintenance purpose

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Issue No : 01
Overhead Circuit Breaker
Right Hand Console Circuit Breaker

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01

CIRCUIT BREAKER (Cont.)
 Toggle
 Use as control switch and circuit breaker.
 Toggle up when the circuit is closed.
 Pop partially down (center position)
when overloaded.
 Restore circuit by moving toggle switch all
the way down and then toggle up

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01

 Automatic CB
Not permitted for aircraft used.
Function:-
In the closed position the conductive
snap–acting disc bridges the terminal
contacts.
At predetermined overloads, the
resistance heated up due to current
passing through the disc and snaps the
disc into reverse position.
This opens the contacts and breaks the
circuit. After a short cooling time the
disc automatically closes and re–
establishes the circuit.

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
 Electronic Circuit Breaker –
 use on large commercial aircraft to control overloaded power
distribution circuits.
 Using inductive pickups called current transformer.
 Control Unit Computer monitor the pickups signals and opens the
circuit breaker if over current condition exist.
 All aircraft CB is trip-free type –
 Breaker contacts remain open as long as fault exists irregardless of
the actuating control position.
 Allowed to cool before reset.
 Location - install as close as possible to the source – bus bar.

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01

Symbol for fuse, circuit breaker and its location.

: 15/01/07
Issue No : 01
 DC Circuit Protector Chart
WIRE AN CIRCUIT FUSE
 Use as a guide for the selection of circuit GAUGE BREAKER AMP.
breaker and fuse rating to protect copper COPPER AMP.
conductor wire. 22 5 5
 Basis of Chart 20 7.5 5
18 10 10
 Wire bundles in 135°F ambient and
16 15 10
altitudes up to 30, 000 feet.
14 20 15
 Wire bundles of 15 or more wire, with wires 12 30 20
carrying no more than 20% of the total 10 40 30
carrying capacity of the bundle as given in
8 50 50
Spec. MIL-W-5088 (ASG)
6 80 70
 Protectors in 75 to 85 °F ambient. 4 100 70
 Copper wire Spec. MIL-W-5088. 2 125 100
 Circuit breakers to Spec. MIL-C-5809 or 1 150
equivalent. 0 150
 Fuses to Spec. MIL-F-15160 or equivalent

Revision : Original
Issue No : 01 Date : 15/01/07

01 Circuit Pretection

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UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPIR

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

 Developed to protect personnel and electrical circuits from

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Ex : Resistance of a conductor is 0.1 ohms.

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

b. Slow blow fuse is used in power

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Subject Code AKD10203

 CFR 14 Part 91 Requirement – Aircraft flying at night:

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

- when short circuit or excessive

Subject Code AKD10203

Circuit Breaker Using Heating Effect (Bimetallic)

Subject Code AKD10203

Circuit Breaker Using Bimetallic and Magnetic Effect

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Overhead Circuit Breaker

Right Hand Console Circuit Breaker

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES

Subject Code AKD10203

Subject Code AKD10203

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