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SAFETY MANAGEMENT
An Executive Summary on
SCAFFOLDS AND
BARRICADES
BS CHE 3-1
SCAFFOLDS
Scaffolding provides for safe and efficient work platforms when constructed and
used correctly. However, if not properly erected and maintained, scaffolding can
lead to accidents, serious injuries and death. It is up to you to make sure that
all your workers are trained in the proper selection, erection, maintenance and
use of this equipment.
Scaffolds are useful tools to access elevated work areas. Appearing more stable
and providing a larger work platform than ladders, they seem to be even easier
and safer to use. However, poor set-up and misuse can result in serious
workplace injury or death. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) reports that:
These findings are neither unusual nor unique. Besides the impact these
claims have on the cost of insurance, there are also many other costs which
can significantly impact your business. This Alert provides some suggested
safe practices that may be useful in preventing scaffold related worker
injuries. It does not address all regulatory requirements or best practices.
is also used in adapted forms for formwork and shoring, grandstand seating,
concert stages, access/viewing towers, exhibition stands, ski ramps, half pipes
and art projects. A scaffold is defined as an elevated, temporary work platform.
There are three basic types of scaffolds:
Ladder Jack
Pole
Pump Jack
Specialty
Catenary
Float (ship)
Interior Hung
Multi-level
Multi-point Adjustable
Needle Beam
Single-point Adjustable
Erectors/Dismantlers
Users
Scaffold users are those whose work requires them, at least some of
the time, to be supported by scaffolding to access the area of a
structure where that work is performed.
Employers must provide access when the scaffold platforms are more
than 2 feet (0.6 meters) above or below a point of access.
Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches
(36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches
(61centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces.
The standard prohibits the use of crossbraces as a means of access.
• Stair towers
Use Requirements
Using Scaffolds
COMPETENT PERSON
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Training Requirements
Retrain as necessary
HAZARDS
• Falls from elevation – caused by slipping, unsafe access, and the lack of fall
protection. Falls are attributed to the lack of guardrails, improper installation
ofguardrails and failure to use personal fall arrest systems when required.
Lack of proper access to the scaffold work platform is an additional reason for
falls from scaffolds. Access in the form of a secured ladder, stair tower, ramp,
etc. is required whenever there is 24” vertical change to an upper or lower level.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
The means of access must be determined before erection of the scaffold and
employees are never allowed to climb on cross braces for either vertical or
horizontal movement.
Fall Protection
• Guardrails
A personal fall arrest system is one option of protection that OSHA requires
for workers on construction sites who are exposed to vertical drops of 6
feet or more. You must be trained how to properly use PFAS. Personal fall
arrest systems can be used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail
systems. Use fall arrest systems when working from the following types of
scaffolding: boatswains’ chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and
pump jack. Use fall arrest systems also when working from the
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
1. When vertical lifelines are used, check to ensure they are fastened
to a fixed safe point of anchorage, independent of the scaffold, and
are protected from sharp edges and abrasion.
3. Make sure standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give
way under the force of a fall, are not being used as anchorage points.
4. Make sure two or more vertical lifelines are not attached to each
other, or to the same point of anchorage.
5. When horizontal lifelines are used, make sure they are being secured
to two or more structural members of the scaffold.
• Struck by- falling tools / debris and other work materials. Injuries and deaths
due to scaffolds are not only limited to the workers on the scaffold. Many
individuals have been injured or killed due to being struck by materials or tools
that have fallen from scaffold platforms. Toe boards or netting should be
installed on work platforms to prevent these items from falling to the ground or
lower level work areas.
It is also crucial that other individuals on the work site are aware of overhead
work being performed. Barricades that physically prevent individuals from
walking under work platforms must be erected and signs warning of the hazards
need to be posted. Caution or Danger tape is often used to keep people away
from overhead hazards. But too often the tape is disregarded or taken down
creating possible struck by hazards. A more robust system such as plastic mesh
or wooden barricades is generally more effective and much easier to maintain.
The requirement to warn individuals of the hazard does not relieve others of
being aware of their surroundings. It is also vital that employees heed the
warning signs and know that there will be consequences for ignoring them.
These consequences can come in the form of disciplinary action if their lucky or
a serious injury or worse if they are not.
Wear hardhats
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Lastly, all employees who work on scaffolds must have documented training.
The training topics must include identification of fall hazards and prevention,
falling tools and materials hazards, and knowledge of electrical hazards.
Scaffold Erection
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Scaffold Inspection
Platforms must:
• be fully planked or decked with no more than 1 inch gaps
BARRICADES
Barricade, from the French barrique (barrel), is any object or structure that
creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic
in the desired direction. Adopted as a military term, a barricade denotes any
improvised field fortification, such as on city streets during urban warfare.
Barricades also include temporary traffic barricades designed with the goal of
dissuading passage into a protected or hazardous area or large slabs of cement
whose goal is to actively prevent forcible passage by a vehicle. Stripes on
barricades and panel devices slope downward in the direction traffic must travel.
Barricades and other warning devices can help minimize the likelihood of such
accidents. A barricade is a portable or fixed device having from one to three rails
with appropriate markings. It is used to control traffic by closing, restricting, or
delineating all or a portion of the right-of-way.
Types of Barricade
Soft Barricades
Type Example
Caution
The caution tape is used to highlight hazards to other
personnel that may need to access the area. This tape is
not appropriate for medium, high or extreme risk hazards
e.g. unprotected edges, falling objects, electrical hazards.
Restricted Access /
Danger
Only personnel authorised by the Safe Work Coordinator
are permitted to enter.
This barricade is suitable to use to restrict
access from hazards such as:
· hot work;
· persons working above / falling objects;
· spills / leaks;
· unprotected edges creating a fall risk of less than 2m;
and
· over 2m may be used to delineate a hard barrier.
Restricted Access /
Electrical Work
Used to barricade off and restrict access to
electrical hazards.
Only the work party and personnel authorized
by the Safe Work Coordinator in charge of the
barricaded area (as indicated on the signage)
are permitted to access through the barricade.
Radiation
This tape prevents people from entering radioactive areas.
Only personnel authorized by the Safe Work Coordinator
/ Radiation Safety Officer are permitted to enter.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Solid Barricades
The barricade shall encompass the entire potentially affected area of the
hazard and take into account factors such as:
Responsibilities
Manager
REFERENCES
Shipyard Employment eTool > Other Types of Scaffolds: Aerial Lifts. (n.d.).
Retrieved January 9, 2017, from
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/shipyard/standard/scaffold/aerial_l
ifts.html