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MANDATORY APPENDIX 1
SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGN FORMULAS
1-1 THICKNESS OF CYLINDRICAL AND pressure exceeds one‐half of the inside radius, or when P
exceeds 1.25SE, the following equations shall apply:
SPHERICAL SHELLS
When P is known and t is desired,
(a) The following equations, in terms of the outside ra-
dius, are equivalent to and may be used instead of those
given in UG-27(c) and UG-27(d): ð3Þ
(1) For cylindrical shells (circumferential stress),
ð1Þ
where Parentheses should be
around entire fraction,
Z = not just numerator.
where
Ro = outside radius of the shell course under
When t is known and P is desired,
consideration
(2) For spherical shells, ð4Þ
ð2Þ
where
Z =
Other symbols are as defined in UG-27.
ð1Þ ð1Þ
ð2Þ
ð2Þ
351
2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1 1-10
where
ð39Þ
t
(2) Nozzle in a Cylindrical Shell Oriented at an Angle
If te ≥ 0.5t and W ≥ 8 (t + te) then the effective thickness
From the Longitudinal Axis. The maximum local primary
is modified as follows:
membrane stress and the nozzle maximum allowable
working pressure shall be determined following Steps
ð32Þ
(1)1 through (1)10, but substituting the following (see
Figure 1-10-4):
Step 8. Determine the average local primary membrane
ð42Þ
stress and the general primary membrane stress in the
vessel:
ð35Þ
ð45Þ
Step 10. The calculated maximum local primary mem-
brane stress should satisfy the following:
ð36Þ ð46Þ
371
2-13 2013 SECTION VIII - DIVISION 1
Figure 2-13.2
Loose Ring Type Reverse Flange
W
HG
t hG B
hD hT
HT
G
C
Shell AB
HD
αr =
394