DOCUMENT NO 190 January 2015

A.P.A.C. Ltd.
Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL WATCHING BRIEF

REPORT

WB/CAE/13

North Gate Inn, Caerwent

Monmouthshire County Council

Planning Application No: DC/2012/00578

Prepared for:
Mr & Mrs Scaife

By: Dr N Phillips.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13

Summary

This document comprises the report of an archaeological watching brief

undertaken during ground work at a site identified as having potential
archaeological resources that may be impacted by any development.

The development of concern was the erection of a boundary wall, conservatory

and double garage.

A planning application was submitted to Monmouthshire County Council (MCC)

and as part of the planning process, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust
(GGAT) advised the planning department that the proposed work at the site could
likely impact on archaeological resources.

(MCC), in accordance with the guidance from GGAT imposed a condition

requiring a program of archaeological work in accordance with a watching brief.

This document details the outcome of the watching brief, revealing that the ground
that was disturbed during the development consisted of relatively modern made up
ground.

Copyright Notice:
A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains
otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

Cover Photograph: DSC07616

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13

Contents

Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Contents........................................................................................................................................... 2
Figures: ............................................................................................................................................ 2
Plates: .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Site Location and Description ......................................................................................................... 4
Geology and Topography ................................................................................................................ 4
Brief archaeological and historical background .............................................................................. 4
Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5
Watching Brief ................................................................................................................................ 5
Watching Brief Results ................................................................................................................... 6
Interpretation ................................................................................................................................... 8
Staff ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Archive: ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Acknowledgements: ........................................................................................................................ 9
Bibliography and References: ....................................................................................................... 10

Figures:

Fig 01 Site location map.

Fig 02 Site Plan

Fig 03 Map Progressions

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13

Plates:

PL01 Excavated trench for conservatory footings. Pre existing services

PL02 Excavated trench for conservatory footings. Pre existing services

PL03 Excavated footing for front wall

PL04 Overview prior to levelling, [100] surface deposit and concrete slabs

PL05 View from atop Roman wall [109] Initial levelling through [100], [101] to [102]

PL06 Two post 1880’s bricks from context [102], both ‘Star Newport’, the square frog example pre 1970

PL07 Context [103] viewed West, note building footings [108] to 800mm

PL08 Completed trench 1. [108], [103], [105] over [106] with 2m ranging rod

PL09 West end of trench 1. [108] at the top; 800mm depth. Trench 900mm. Orange/yellow [103] 200mm
above [105]

PL10 East end of trench 1, [103] 450mm over [105] 600mm over 40mm [106] then return to [105]

PL11 [106] seen running through [105] as a narrow band. Geological rather than Archaeological

PL12 Relationship of [107] to [103]/ [105]

PL13 Section [108] over [101] over [102] over [107]

PL14 [107]

PL15 Section at end of trench differs with [105] under [107] edge indistinct but probably cut

PL16 [104] revealed with a depth of about 400mm. Right shows concrete foundation for garden wall [110]
800mm

PL17 Finds associated with [104] sample retained

PL18 West end of trench 2. Very unstable. [104] over [102] over [107]

PL19 South end of trench 2 showing sequence of [105] beneath [107] left side disturbed by [108])

PL20 Position of trench 4 for pad between ends of T2 and T3. Very unstable and refilled after excavation

Appendices

Appendix I Context sheet

Appendix II Digital Photograph list & contact sheet
Appendix III Finds Index & assemblage photographs

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13

Introduction

This watching brief report has been prepared by Dr Neil Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, in response to a proposed
programme of works, to erect a boundary wall, conservatory and garage as part of the proposed change of use from
Public House to residential with B&B, at the North Gate Inn, Chepstow Rd, Caerwent, NP26 5NZ.

The client, Mr B Scaife, having submitted a planning application to Monmouth County Council (MCC) Council;
(pl.app.no DC/2012/00578); was granted Approval of Planning Permission, with conditions; one of which required
that:

The developer shall ensure that a suitably qualified archaeologist is present during the
undertaking of any ground disturbing works in the development area, so that an archaeological
watching brief can be conducted. The archaeological watching brief shall be undertaken to the
standards of the Institute for Archaeologists. The Local Planning Authority shall be informed, in
writing, at least two weeks prior to the commencement of the development of the name of the said
archaeologist and no work shall begin until the Local Planning Authority has confirmed, in
writing, that the proposed archaeologist is suitable. A copy of the watching brief report shall be
submitted to the Local Planning Authority within two months of the fieldwork being completed by
the archaeologist.
MON1948/CNM

The proposed program of archaeological work involved the examination of the spoil already disturbed at the site
and any further excavation of undisturbed ground.

Site Location and Description

The location of the site NGR: 346929 190760, can be gained from the A48, Newport to Chepstow Rd, on the
northern bypass of Caerwent, fig 01.

Geology and Topography

The town of Caerwent lies on the low land at the northern part of the Gwent Levels.

The underlying solid geology of Caerwent is predominantly made up of the Mercia Mudstone Group with River
Terrace Deposits of sand and gravel (http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/home.html).

Brief archaeological and historical background

The Caewent area is rich in archaeological resources, background information on which can be easily accessed
online or in a variety of publications.

In brief:

 Roman Civitas ‘The Market Town of the Silures.’ AD 75, (Howell 1988).
 Early medieval period evidenced by graves to the east at St Tathyw’s (Imrie 2004).
 Norman motte to the south east (Phillips 2004).
 Standing post medieval buildings.

The North Gate site is of interest in that it lies immediately adjacent to the north wall of the Roman Town of
Caerwent; Scheduled Ancient Monument, Cadw MM001, see fig 02. Roman Wall is the southern boundary of the
property.

A building is not recorded on the site until early to mid 20th century, although when asked, the client dated its
construction to 1938, (Mr B Scaife. pers com).

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13
The earliest ordnance survey map, fig 03a, shows that the northern side of the Roman wall, at the area of the site,
had up to 1880 been divided into small fields, bounded to the west by the internal street and to the east by Green
Cottage.

There is a building, Northgate Cottage which is positioned at road-side to the north of the present building called
North Gate Inn.

The field boundary between Northgate and Green Cottages appears to continue well beyond the Roman wall and
into the civitas itself.

The later 1922 map fig 03b, surveyed in 1918, reveals that the Northgate Cottage still stands, but in a reduced parcel
of land, subdivided by an east wall, creating a new field between the new wall and the old boundary.

At the time of the next survey in 1949, fig 03c, the only relevant change would appear to be a further subdivision of
the new field related to above.

It is possible that this new subdivision shown as a rectangle is the North Gate Inn but it is usual graphically, for
buildings to be shaded or blocked.

The present map, fig 03d, shows the current configuration, the North Gate Inn is marked PH, some of Green Cottage
remains to the east but Northgate Cottage has been removed by the new road widening.

It is worth noting that the old boundary is aligned to the east of the current North Gate Inn, the present garage area
and east boundary wall are post 1918.

Aims and Objectives

The aim of the watching brief was to establish the presence/absence of archaeological structures or other significant
features within the works area.

Should any archaeological resources be revealed their presence would have been be recorded and a decision made
as to any mitigation measures.

To carry out an archaeological watching brief to the standards laid down in the Chartered Institute for Field
Archaeologists, Guideline for Watching Briefs.

That entailed a programme of observation and investigation in the specified area during ground works with an
archive report of the same produced.

Watching Brief

The watching brief began in April of 2013, as a photographic recording session of trenching work carried out
without an archaeologist present.

Although, a design brief was in place, DB: WB/CAE/13, work started without the contractor contacting APAC, Ltd
prior to the work being undertaken.

The client stopped work and contacted APAC. Ltd, as soon as he was made we aware of the problem.

The site was visited the same day and recording work was undertaken of the existing work.

A second phase of excavation was undertaken over two days, 12th & 14th January 2015, and involved levelling of a
site; formerly a patio and shed, prior to trenching for the foundations of a garage to the east of the main building, fig
02.

All excavation was undertaken by mechanical digger and as most of the excavated portion of the site was unstable,
the opportunity for detail study of the sections was felt to contravene health and safety requirements.

The instability was due to the sites composition of loosely packed masonry and sandy soil, a problem exacerbated
by almost constant rain on day the 12th.

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Initial recording

A record of the stratigraphy of each trench was made during excavation.

The work was recorded digitally throughout using a Sony DSC F828 Camera set to 8mp, Jpeg & RAW format.

All finds recovered were recorded to context and sealed in bags numbered with finds sequence and context.

The trench positions were recorded with steel tapes.

Post Ex

Following the watching brief, the field notes and photographs were digitised to produce the context record of the
stratigraphy, Appendix 1, and an annotated list of the photographs, Appendix II.

All finds were individually processed; (washed, dried, catalogued and re-bagged), and then recorded in Appendix
III.

The three appendices; I Context, II Photographs and III Finds were cross referenced ready for inclusion in the
report.

A basic search was undertaken into the readily available history and back ground of the site as required for a
watching brief.

This report was produced for the client, MCC Planning and GGAT as well as archive copies for Gwent Archive.

Watching Brief Results

Presentation Notes:
All contexts are denoted [#] in the text, listed in Appendix I, cross referenced in Appendix II, to the plates section
Photographs used in the text are listed Pl #, A complete list of photographs can be found in appendix II.
All finds denoted {#} in the text and are listed in Appendix III.

Phase 1 April 2013.

The first phase consisted of a foundation trench for the proposed new conservatory addition at the west front of the
main building, fig 02, Plates 01 & 02.

The western trench running south from the main building lay along a previous service trench which can be seen in
PL01 with a possible cut 200mm right of the ranging rod.

A second water pipe can be seen re-connected from the right bottom corner of the trench with its previous end in the
east section of the trench, Plate 02.

Two further water pipes can be seen running from the brick foundation of the main building to the west corner of
the trench, Plate 01.

The east west foundation trench runs from the brick foundation of the main building to connect with the north/south
trench.

Some 600mm in depth, it has a layer of tarmac over bedding which sits on a 200mm layer of rubble; including
brick.

Beneath is compacted red sandy clay into which the main building foundation has been set.

A third trench was dug across the front of the property in order to erect a wall.

This was recorded after having foundation cement been poured Plate 03; the available section revealed a soft brown
soil.

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13
Trench 1

Prior to trench excavation the ground was cleared and levelled, removing flooring and debris associated with a
former shed and patio, [100] & [101].

The depth of ground was reduced by about 600mm at the northern end, tapering to ground level at the south with the
removal of the built up patio base.

The removed soil consisted of [100-101] surface over a dark brown sandy fill with modern building rubble [102],
Plate 06.

At the northern edge of the site, there was a band of orange clay streaked with yellow clay bands which extended
around 1.5m from the wall at a depth of 600mm from the original surface, Plate 07.

The simple sequence had two anomalies:

a layer of burn material, [104] towards the south east corner which produce finds {1} and {2} (19th - 20th c glass and
ceramics).

A small isolated lens of masonry rubble, [107] along the west side of [104], no finds.

Excavation was halted at this point due to heavy rain.

The trenches were marked out on the 13th January to form square 7.2m wide and some more of the shed along the
western edge was removed in order to provide better access for the digger.

Excavation of trench 1 began on the 14th January, at the extreme south west corner of the proposed foundation and
continued east reaching an eventual depth of 1.6m below original ground level, Plate 08.

The orange/yellow clay/sand [103] continued a further varying depth of 200mm, Plate 09, to 350mm, Plate 10,
before giving way to the red clay of [105].

At the bottom of Plate 10, it is possible to see a narrow band of green clay [106] some 100mm in section, which was
only present on the south side at the east end of trench 1.

However, Plate 11 shows the same context [106] passing from south to north of the trench at a point where the
narrow band drops in height some 0.80mm and beyond the limit of the excavation.

Trench 2

This was extended from the west end of trench 1, along the footings of the main building, Plate 12.

Towards the rear, south end of trench 2, the main building juts out on a brick foundation over concrete [108], Plate
09.

However there is a change north beyond the extension where the stratigraphic sequence changes to patio [100] over
rubble [101] over rubble [102] over masonry rubble [107], with just the beginnings of red clay [105] at the bottom
left corner; 1,6m deep.

The rubble fill [107] seen in the vertical shot Plate 14 continued beyond the northern end of the trench at to a depth
of 2m.

A view from the north, of the completed trench can be seen in Plate 15 which gives a good illustration of the
makeup of [107] overlaying [105] towards the rear.

Trench 3

This trench was excavated along the post 1918, see above fig 03d, garden wall [110]; the foundations of which can
be seen at a depth of 1m along the east of the trench, Plate 16 (right).

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 A.P.A.C. Ltd North Gate Inn, Caerwent WB/CAE/13
The western edge is dominated by the rubble fill [107] as seen above in trench 2 over [107] with some green clay at
the base of the trench; another isolated run of [106].

Along the western edge of the trench, to a depth of 350mm was more of the burnt layer [104] which provided an
extensive collection of bottles, Plate 16 sampled in finds {3} & {4}.

A further possible lens of black was noted beneath the burnt layer [111] but was unreachable with any safety, Plate
18.

A view of trench 3 towards the south Plate 19, shows the stratigraphic sequence of trench 1 at the rear, (noted
above), whilst the western section shows red clay [105] under [107] with a sloping but indeterminate section.

Trench 4

The final trench was a small approximately 1.5m x 2m between the ends of trenches 2 & 3.

This had a shallow deposit of [102] over [107] which extended beyond the depth required, Plate 20

The trench was very unstable and was backfilled immediately to await pouring with concrete the next day.

Finds

The finds consisted of four assemblages, all from burnt area [104]; {1} & {2} on the first day of excavation
followed by {3] & {4} on day 2

Assemblage {1} 5 sherds of ceramic, 1 shard glass and 1 clay pipe with a date typology from late 18th to early 19th
century and in keeping with domestic waste.

Assemblage {2} 4 modern glassware, complete 20th century.

Assemblage {3}, 2 glass bottles 20th century (sampled see Plate 17).

Assemblage {4}, 5 Sherds ceramics and 2 sherds of glass of mid 19th to 20th century.

All finds were discarded after recording.

Interpretation

The majority of the site seemed to be composed of a deep deposit of squared masonry rubble which has been used to
raise the entire site above the surrounding levels as ascertained by the depth of the ground of the property to the east.

It is possible that the squared masonry could have a Roman origin given the location but the same could be said of a
lot of the buildings in the immediate vicinity and indeed as far a field as Chepstow Castle has been theorised.

However, apart from circumstantial evidence of location nothing conclusive was discovered to confirm a Roman
origin.

The main building is not shown on mapping until possibly 1949.

No archaeological resources were disturbed during theses works

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Staff

Dr. Neil Phillips.

Post ex
Mr A. O. Phillips.

Specialist services: (Ceramics). Mr S Clarke

Archive:

The original archive for this project will remain with APAC Ltd.

A copy of the archive will be deposited with Gwent County Archive.

Acknowledgements:

Thanks to Mr & Mrs Scaife for access to the site. My appreciation also to his contactors for their expertise and
professionalism. Thanks also to Steve Clarke for his specialist ceramic advice and to Adam Phillips for processing
the finds.

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Bibliography and References:

APAC Ltd. 2013. DB: WB/CAE/13. Design Brief for an Archaeological Watching Brief, Proposed
Change of Use from Public House to Residential with B&B, Erection of Boundary
Wall, Conservatory and Double Garage: North Gate Inn, old Chepstow Rd,
Caerwent. PL.AppNo.: DC/2012/00578

CIFA . Standard and Guidance an Archaeological Watching Brief. 2014.

Standard and Guidance for the Collection, Documentation, Conservation and

Research of Archaeological Materials. 2014.

Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of
Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2014.

English Heritage 1991 Management of Archaeological Projects

GGAT 2013 MON1948/CNM. RE: Proposed Change of Use from Public House to Residential
with B&B, Erection of Boundary Wall, Conservatory and Double Garage: North
Gate Inn, old Chepstow Rd, Caerwent. PL.AppNo.: DC/2012/00578

MON1948/JBHD RE: Proposed Change of Use from Public House to Residential

with B&B, Erection of Boundary Wall, Conservatory and Double Garage: North
Gate Inn, old Chepstow Rd, Caerwent. PL.AppNo.:DC/2012/00578

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Howell, R., 1988 A History of Gwent, Gomer

Imrie, R., 2004. The Parish Church of St. Stephen and St. Tathan, Caerwent,

MCC Highways Development Control. Planning Application Consultation Response

Form. DC/2012/00578. 05/March 2013.

Re Revised Planning Application for the North Gate Inn, Caerwent. 18 February
2013

Conservation Consultation Response DC/2012/00578. 11 January 2013.

NA. (supplied by client) Proposed Modifications to North Gate House, Caerwent.

Drawings: Proposed Ground Floor 1216-100. Oct 2012

Proposed Rear Elevation 1216-104. Oct 2012

Sketches: Site Plan-North Gate House Caerwent

Site Plan-North Gate House Caerwent. Proposed changes in red
North Gate House. Garden Wall
Garage North Gate House, Caerwent

Phillips, N., 2004 Earthwork Castles of Gwent and Ergyng AD 1050-1250. University of Wales. PhD
Thesis.

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Websites

British Geological survey http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/geoindex/home.html

The copyright for this report shall be retained by A.P.A.C. Ltd.

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny Monmouthshire NP7 7RG.

Tel: 07734962919. Mobile: 07734962919 Email: apac.philips@btinternet.com
Company Registration No 5041541 VAT Reg No 826 3628 19
Director: Dr. N. Phillips D.Phil. BA (Hons).Cert Ed/FE. ACIFA.

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 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
Map data ©2015 Google

Fig 01: Location A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13

 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

New wall

Car Park
April 2013

Garden Wall [110]

Trenches

New TR4
Conservatory TR3
Northgate Inn TR2

[104]

Garage

TR1
[103]

Roman Wall [109]

adapted from: Site plan sketch & 0 5 10

Proposed Ground Floor Plan1216-100
Supplied by client m

FIG 02 Trench Plans

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC03878

DSC03881
Plate 01: Evacuated trench for conservatory footings.
Pre-existing services

DSC03879

Plate 02: Evacuated trench for conservatory footings. Plate 03: Excavated footing for front wall A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
Pre-existing services
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

Fig 03a. Monmouthshire 6”, XXX survey 1880 published 1887 Fig 03b. Monmouthshire 6”, XXX survey 1918 published 1922

© Crown copyright and database rights 2015. Ordnance survey

Fig 03c. Monmouthshire 6”, XXX survey 1949 published 1954 Fig 03a. Monmouthshire 2015
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13

0 60
The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577)
m
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC07616
DSC07614
Plate 04: Overview prior to levelling [100] surface deposit and concrete Plate 05: View from atop Roman wall [109]. initial levelling through east
slabs side [100], [101] to [102]

DSC07629
DSC07620

Plate 06: Two post 1880’s bricks from context [102] both Star Newport Plate 07: Context [103] viewed west, note building footings [108] to
the square frog example pre 1970 800mm
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC07632
DSC07635

Plate 08: Completed trench 1. [108], [103], [105] Plate 09: West end of trench 1, [108] at the top
over [106], with 2m ranging rod 800mm depth. Trench 900mm.
Orange/yellow [103] 200mm above [105]

DSC007637

Plate 10: East end of trench 1, [103], 450mm over [105] 600mm over 40mm [106] A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
then return to [105]
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC07641
DSC07638
Plate 11: [106] seen running through (105) as a narrow band, Geological Plate 12: Relationship of [107] to [103]/[105]
rather than Archaeological

DSC07640
DSC07642

Plate 13: Section [108] over [101] over [107] Plate 14: [107]
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/14
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC07643

DSC07645
Plate 16: [104] revealed with a depth of about 400mm. Right shows
concrete foundation for garden wall [110] 800mm

DSC07644
Plate 15: Section at end of trench differs with [105] under [107] edges Plate 17: Finds associated with [104] sample retained
indistinct but probably cut
A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
 North Gate Inn, Caerwent

DSC07647
DSC07646

Plate 18: West end of trench 2. Very unstable Plate 19: South end of trench 2 showing sequence
[104] over [102] over [107] of [105] beneath [107]. Left side disturbed
by [108]

DSC07650

Plate 20: Position of trench 4 for pad between ends of T2 and T3. A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13
very unstable and refilled after excavation.
 A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I Context Sheet Index 1

Site: Northgate Inn, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 1

Caerwent. 346929 190760 WB/CAE/13
CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS
100 Patio Concrete slabs DSC07614, DSC07616,
DSC07619, DSC07621,
DSC07623, DSC07639,
DSC07642, DSC07643,
101 Disturbed surface, chippings, rubble , soil etc Modern DSC07614, DSC07615,
DSC07616, DSC07618,
DSC07619, DSC07620,
DSC07621, DSC07623,
DSC07624, DSC07625,
DSC07626, DSC07627,
102 Sub soil Dark brown, sandy with rubble and bricks DSC07614, DSC07615,
DSC07616, DSC07618,
DSC07619, DSC07622,
DSC07623, DSC07624,
DSC07625, DSC07626,
DSC07627, DSC07628,
DSC07629, DSC07630,
DSC07631, DSC07644,
DSC07647, DSC07650,
103 Deposit Orange & yellow disturbed clay sand DSC07619, DSC07622,
DSC07623, DSC07624,
DSC07625, DSC07626,
DSC07627, DSC07628,
DSC07629, DSC07631,
DSC07632, DSC07633,
DSC07634, DSC07635,
DSC07636, DSC07637,
DSC07638, DSC07639,
DSC07641, DSC07645,
DSC07647,
104 Deposit Lens of burnt material {1} {2} DSC07623, DSC07624,
{3} {4} DSC07625, DSC07626,
DSC07630, DSC07631,
DSC07645, DSC07646,
105 Deposit Red clay DSC07632, DSC07632,
DSC07633, DSC07634,
DSC07635, DSC07636,
DSC07637, DSC07638,
DSC07639, DSC07641,
DSC07647, DSC07650,
106 Deposit green clay DSC07632, DSC07633,
DSC07634, DSC07635,
DSC07636, DSC07637,
DSC07638, DSC07647,
107 Land fill Large masonry blocks in dark brown sandy soil DSC07639, DSC07640,
DSC07641, DSC07642,
DSC07643, DSC07645,
DSC07646, DSC07648,
DSC07650,
108 Building DSC07622, DSC07629,
foundation DSC07631, DSC07632,
DSC07633, DSC07635,
DSC07639, DSC07640,
DSC07641, DSC07650,
109 Roman wall DSC07615, DSC07617,
DSC07618, DSC07619,
DSC07622, DSC07627,
DSC07628, DSC07629,
DSC07631, DSC07632,
DSC07633, DSC07634,
DSC07635, DSC07638,
DSC07641, DSC07643,
DSC07647, DSC07650,
110 Garden Wall DSC07614, DSC07615,
DSC07619, DSC07621,
DSC07626, DSC07627,
DSC07628, DSC07630,
DSC07631, DSC07643,
DSC07645, DSC07647,
DSC07650,
111 Lens Black silt/clay DSC07645, DSC07646,
112 Cut Cut for 107
113 Cut Cut for108
 A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I Context Sheet Index 1

Site: Northgate Inn, Grid Ref: Site No: Alternate No: 1

Caerwent. 346929 190760 WB/CAE/13
CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS
114 Cut Cut for garden wall
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/CAL/13

Photo no Date Camera Size Area View Description Plate

DSC03878 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 CN S Excavated trench for conservatory footings. Pre existing services PL01
DSC03879 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 CN E Excavated trench for conservatory footings. Pre existing services PL02
DSC03880 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 CN W Overview of area car park. existing
DSC03881 12/04/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 Wall W Excavated footing for front wall PL03
DSC03882 12/04/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 RW E Existing path to rear of building against Roman Town Wall
DSC03883 12/04/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 RW W Existing path to rear of building against Roman Town Wall
DSC03884 12/04/2013 DSC F828 2448x3264 RW N Existing remains of North Gate into Caerwent
DSC03885 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 RW SE Existing remains of North Gate into Caerwent. Internal
DSC03886 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 RW E Existing remains of North Gate into Caerwent. Internal
DSC03887 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 RW W Existing remains of North Gate into Caerwent. Internal
DSC03888 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 RW V East side of Roman Northgate. Rebuilding?
DSC03889 12/04/2013 DSC F828 3264x2448 RW NE East side of Roman Northgate. Rebuilding?
DSC07614 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA NE Overview prior to levelling [100] surface deposit and concrete slabs PL04
DSC07615 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA E Re-faced Roman wall [109] right and garden wall to back. Initial levelling through [100], [101] to [102]
DSC07616 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA N View from atop Roman wall [109]. Initial levelling through east side [100], [101] to [102] PL05
DSC07617 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA W View along Roman Wall [109] top
DSC07618 12/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 GA NE View from atop Roman wall [109] . Initial levelling through [100], [101] to [102]
DSC07619 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA N View from atop Roman wall [109]. Initial levelling west side through [100], [101] to [102]
DSC07620 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA V Two post 1880s bricks from context [102] both Star Newport, the square frog example pre 1970 PL06
DSC07621 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA N Removal of Patio slabs [100] and surface [101] through [102]
DSC07622 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA W View along Roman wall [109]. Context [102] linear along wall about 1.8m and under [101]
DSC07623 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA N East of garage plot, garden wall [110] right. [102] foreground. [101] centre. [104] to rear
DSC07624 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA E Burnt area [104] centre rear with first sign of [107] to right
DSC07625 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA W Burnt area [104] centre left with first sign of [107] further left
DSC07626 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA NW Overview showing relative positions of [104] and [107]
DSC07627 12/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 GA E View along Roman Wall base [109]. Clay of [103] becoming sticky with rainfall, emphasising difference to [101]
DSC07628 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA E 2 View along Roman Wall base [109]. Clay of [103] becoming sticky with rainfall, emphasising difference to [101]
DSC07629 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA W Context [103] viewed west. Note building footings [108] to 800mm PL07
DSC07630 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA N Close of levelling work
DSC07631 12/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 GA S Close of levelling work. Rough extent of [104] shown
DSC07632 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T1 W West end of trench 1. [108] at the top; 800mm depth. Trench 900mm. Orange/yellow [103] 200mm above [105] PL09
DSC07633 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T1 W Completed Trench 1. [108], [103], [105] over [106]
DSC07634 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T1 W Detail, Completed Trench 1. [108], [103], [105] over [106]
DSC07635 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T1 W Completed Trench 1. [108], [103], [105] over [106] with 2m ranging rod PL08
DSC07636 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T1 S East end of trench 1, [103] 450mm over [105].
DSC07637 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T1 S East end of trench 1, [103] 450mm over [105] 600mm over 40mm [106] then return to [105]. PL10
DSC07638 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T1 E [106] seen running through [105] as a narrow band. Geological rather than archaeological PL11
DSC07639 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T2 S West edge of site. Trench 2 full of landfill [107]
DSC07640 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T2 V [107] PL14
DSC07641 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T2 E Relationship of [107] to [103]/[105] PL12
DSC07642 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T2 W Section [108] over [101] over [102] over [107] PL13
DSC07643 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T2 S Section at end of trench differs with [105] under [107] edge indistinct but probably cut. PL15
DSC07644 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T3 E Finds associated with [104] sample retained PL17
DSC07645 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T2 N [104] revealed with a depth of about 400mm. Right shows concrete foundation for garden wall [110] 800mm PL16
DSC07646 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T2 NW West end of trench 2. Very unstable. [104] over [102] over [107] PL18
DSC07647 14/01/2015 DSC F828 2448x3264 T2 S South end of trench 2 showing sequence of [105] beneath [107] Left side disturbed by [108] PL19
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix II Digital photograph list EV/CAL/13

DSC07648 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T4 SE Re-deposited soil from levelling over [102] with lens of [111] over [107]
DSC07650 14/01/2015 DSC F828 3264x2448 T4 S Position of trench 4 for pad between ends of T2 and T3. Very unstable and refilled after excavation PL20
 A.P.A.C. Ltd Appendix 3 WB/CAE/13
Finds Index CAERWENT, THE NORTH GATE

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

1 104 2 internally glazed earthenware pancheon bases, both 18th / 12/01/15
measuring roughly 30 cm diameter
1 sherd internally glazed earthenware pot
1 sherd possible pearl ware blue design
1 clay pipe stem mid 19th /
1 sherd porcelain tea cup bottom
1 shard aqua blue glass
Find no Area Context Description Period Date
2 104 1 white/clear glass pickle jar (intact) Mid to late 20th / 12/01/15
1 white/clear glass external screw top sauce jar (intact)
1 white/clear glass jam jar (intact)
1 white/clear glass jar, with plastic lid (intact)
Find no Area Context Description Period Date
3 104 1 white/clear glass sauce jar (Intact) 20th / 14/01/15
1 white/clear glass medicine bottle
Find no Area Context Description Period Date
4 104 1 sherd saltglazed stoneware pot bottom 14/01/15
1 sherd hard paste porcelain chamber pot rim
1 sherd white china with blue floral design
1 shard aqua blue “codds” bottle, embossed lettering reading Mid 19th /
“NEWPORT”
1 sherd bone china saucer with dark blue and brown design
around the rim. Partial stamp on back presumably reading
“Royal Albert, Fine bone china, Made in England”
1 sherd, plate rim white with a blue band and silver lustre
band around rim
1 shard white/clear sherry flute glass. (Top intact missing 20th /
stem and bottom)
 Caerwent, The North Gate Inn Appendix III FINDS

DSCO7652
1

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

1 104 2 internally glazed earthenware pancheon bases, both 18th / 12/01/15
measuring roughly 30 cm diameter
1 sherd internally glazed earthenware pot
1 sherd possible pearl ware blue design
1 clay pipe stem mid 19th /
1 sherd porcelain tea cup bottom
1 shard aqua blue glass

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13

 Caerwent, The North Gate Inn Appendix III FINDS

DSCO7653
2

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

2 104 1 white/clear glass pickle jar (intact) Mid to late 20th / 12/01/15
1 white/clear glass external screw top sauce jar (intact)
1 white/clear glass jam jar (intact)
1 white/clear glass jar, with plastic lid (intact)

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13

 Caerwent, The North Gate Inn Appendix III FINDS

DSCO7654
3

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

3 104 1 white/clear glass sauce jar (Intact) 20th / 14/01/15
1 white/clear glass medicine bottle
1 sherd white china plate rim with red and gold rim

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13

 Caerwent, The North Gate Inn Appendix III FINDS

DSCO7655
4

Find no Area Context Description Period Date

4 104
1 sherd saltglazed stoneware pot bottom 14/01/15
1 sherd hard paste porcelain chamber pot rim
1 sherd white china with blue floral design
1 shard aqua blue “codds” bottle, embossed lettering reading Mid 19th /
“NEWPORT”
1 sherd bone china saucer with dark blue and brown design
around the rim. Partial stamp on back presumably reading
“Royal Albert, Fine bone china, Made in England”
1 sherd, plate rim white with a blue band and silver lustre
band around rim
1 shard white/clear sherry flute glass. (Top intact missing 20th /
stem and bottom)

A.P.A.C. Ltd WB/CAE/13