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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 1415-1:
1976
Incorporating
Amendment Nos. 1
and 2

Specification for

Mixing valves —
Part 1: Non-thermostatic,
non-compensating mixing valves
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UDC 621.646.7:644.6:696.117
 BS 1415-1:1976

Cooperating organizations

The Sanitary Appliances Standards Committee, under whose supervision this

British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following
Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations.

British Bath Manufacturers’ Association* Institution of Public Health Engineers

British Plastics Federation*
Council of British Ceramic Sanitaryware
Manufacturers*
Department of the Environment*
Environmental Health Officers Association
Greater London Council*
Institute of Plumbing*
Institution of Heating and Ventilating
Engineers*
Institution of Municipal Engineers*
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Metal Sink Manufacturers’ Association
Ministry of Defence
National Brassfoundry Association*
National Federation of Builders’ and
Plumbers’ Merchants*
National Water Council*
Royal Institute of British Architects
Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene
Royal Society of Health*
Water Companies Association*

The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the
following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the
preparation of this British Standard.

Association of Manufacturers of Domestic Heating and Ventilating Contractors’

Electrical Appliances
British Gas Corporation
British Non-Ferrous Metals Technology
Centre
British Valve Manufacturers’ Association
Copper Ball Manufacturers’ Association
Copper Development Association
Copper Tube Fittings Manufacturers’
Association
Department of the Environment, Building
Research Establishment
Department of Prices and Consumer
Protection
Association
Institute of British Foundrymen
Institution of Gas Engineers
Institution of Production Engineers
Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists
National Association of Plumbing, Heating
and Mechanical Services Contractors
Society of British Gas Industries
South London Consortium
Thames Water Authority — Metropolitan
Water Division Individual experts

This British Standard,

having been prepared under
the direction of the Sanitary
Appliances Standards
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Executive Board on
30 April 1976

© BSI 06-1999
First published, as BS 1415,
October 1947
First revision February 1955 Amendments issued since publication
Second revision March 1955
This revision, as BS 1415-1,
April 1976 Amd. No. Date of issue Comments

2955 June 1979

The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
3161 January 1980 Indicated by a sideline in the margin
Committee reference SAB/2
Draft for comment 74/10444DC

ISBN 0 580 09013 2

 BS 1415-1:1976

Contents

Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Section 1. General 1
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Nominal size 1
5 Marking 1
Section 2. Materials, design and construction 1
6 Materials 1
7 Castings 2
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8 Hot pressings 2
9 Connections 2
10 Plating 2
11 Method of operation 2
12 Flow rates 3
13 Test requirements 4
Appendix A Method for the determination of the rate of flow 5
Figure 1 — Flow rate test apparatus 3
Figure 2 — Details of pressure take-off tee 4
Table 1 — Flow rates for ½ mixing valves 3
Table 2 — Flow rates for ¾ mixing valves 3
Table 3 — Dimensions of pressure take-off tee 4
Publications referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 06-1999 i
 BS 1415-1:1976

Foreword

This revised British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the
Sanitary Appliances Standards Committee. The purpose of the standard is to
provide basic requirements to ensure that the mixing valves operate satisfactorily
and to provide certain essential safeguards in their use. This Part of BS 1415
deals only with mixing valves of the manually operated type. Mixing valves of the
automatic compensating or thermostatic type will be dealt with in subsequent
Parts. Combined taps are dealt with in BS 1010.
It is emphasized particularly that mixing valves of the type described in this Part
of this British Standard shall be installed in such a manner that both hot and cold
supplies are from storage, or from a common source on balanced pressures. This
is essential in order to comply with Byelaw 47 of the Model Water Byelaws (1966
edition) and Byelaw 51 of the Model Water Byelaws (Scotland) (1967 edition).
Furthermore, unless both the hot and cold waters are supplied at equalized
pressures, satisfactory operation may be impracticable and there may be some
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risk of scalding.
Where the valve does not incorporate a shut-off facility, it is essential that the
Water Authority shall be consulted as to its requirements for the prevention of
cross flow.
The hot or cold water circuit should be designed so that its supply to other
apparatus does not reduce appreciably the pressure and volume available at the
inlets of the mixing valve.
Terminal fittings fed by the mixing valve, e.g. shower rose or nozzle, have an
important effect upon the performance of the installation and will usually govern
the size of mixing valve to be used. Purchasers are advised to provide
manufacturers with the fullest information regarding the operating conditions so
that the most appropriate designs may be offered for any particular application.
Attention is drawn to the recommendations of the following British Standard
codes of practice:
a) clause 320 a) of CP 310:1965 which states that the connection of the feed
pipe (or the cistern) to the cylinder should be not less than 12 mm (½ in) higher
than the connection for the cold water draw-off pipe, and
b) clause 3 of CP 342-1:1970, which recommends that, in general, the
temperature of the stored water should not exceed 65 °C and that a stored
water temperature of 60 °C is considered sufficient to meet all normal
requirements.
In specifying the minimum flow rates for mixing valves, cognizance has been
taken of the fact that:
1) the water pressure available at the inlets of the valve will vary from
installation to installation,
2) the hydraulic properties of shower heads vary, and
3) the rate of discharge from a shower fitting which is considered satisfactory
depends upon the individual requirements.
Three categories of minimum flow rates for each size of mixing valve are specified
so that the purchaser can select the valve most appropriate to his needs and the
conditions of installation.
Values given in Table 1 and Table 2 are flow requirements against a set pressure
when tested in the manner shown in Figure 1, and do not indicate the quantity of
water which may issue from a spray head attachment when in use.
This standard has been revised in metric terms, except that pipe thread
designations are in accordance with BS 2779.

ii © BSI 06-1999
 BS 1415-1:1976

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

© BSI 06-1999 iii

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

iv
blank

Section 1. General
1 Scope
This Part of this British Standard specifies the
requirements, with regard to performance,
materials and method of specifying size, of
non-thermostatic, non-compensating mixing valves
for ablutionary and domestic purposes. The nominal
sizes covered are ½ and ¾. The nominal size is that
corresponding to the pipe size of the thread of the
inlet connections.
2 References
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The titles of the standards publications referred to
in this standard are listed on the inside of the back
cover.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this Part of the British
Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1
single sequential control mixing valve
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a
specially formed chamber and thence delivered
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the
mixed water being governed through a nominal
range in a predetermined sequence by the manual
operation of a single control, which may also have a
shut-off feature
3.2
twin (or dual) control mixing valve
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a
specially formed chamber and thence delivered
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the
mixed water being governed independently by the
manual operation of one of the controls, and the
volume/shut-off being independently governed by
the manual operation of the other control
3.3
single control-twin (or dual) function mixing
valve
a fitting into which supplies of hot and cold water
enter through separate valve ports, are mixed in a
specially formed chamber and thence delivered
through one or more outlets, the temperature of the
mixed water being governed independently by the
manual operation of the single control in one mode,
and the volume/shut-off being independently
governed by the manual operation of the same
control in an alternative mode
© BSI 06-1999
BS 1415-1:1976
4 Nominal size
British Standard mixing valves complying with the
requirements of this Part of this standard shall be
made in the following sizes:
½ nominal size
¾ nominal size
The size of mixing valves shall be specified by means
of the nominal size of the inlet connections.
(See also clause 5 and clause 12.)
5 Marking
Every mixing valve supplied as complying with the
requirements of this Part of this British Standard
shall be legibly and, in the case of a) and b),
permanently marked with the following
information:
a) Manufacturer’s name or identification mark.
b) The number and Part of this British Standard
including the series number (see 12.2)
e.g. BS 1415-1/80.
c) The inlets shall be marked “hot” or “cold”. This
identification shall be legible but need not be
permanent.
Section 2. Materials, design and
construction
6 Materials
6.1 General. The body of mixing valves shall be of
brass, gunmetal, or other equally suitable corrosion
resisting copper alloy.
Components not in contact with the water
(e.g. handles, trim, etc.) shall be made from
corrosion resisting copper alloys, stainless steel, or
suitable plastics materials.
Components in contact with the water (e.g. valve
units) shall be made from copper alloy, stainless
steel, ceramic material polished to 0.0006 mm or, if
readily replaceable, from acetal copolymer or other
equally suitable engineering polymers.
Materials used for components in contact with the
supply water including “O” rings, gland packings,
seat washers, and lubricants used in the
construction shall not constitute a toxic hazard and
shall not foster microbiological growth or give rise to
taste, odour, cloudiness or discolouration of the
water.
1
 BS 1415-1:1976
6.2 Chemical composition. The chemical
composition of the various alloys shall be not less
suitable than those specified in the following British
Standards.
a) Brass (cast) excluding diecastings, for bodies
and components: Grades SCB1 or SCB3 of
BS 1400.
b) Brass gravity diecastings for bodies and
components. Grade DCB3 of BS 1400.
c) Brass pressure diecastings for bodies and
components: Grade PCB1 of BS 1400
d) Gunmetal (cast) for bodies and components:
Grades LG1 or LG2 of BS 1400.
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e) Brass for hot pressings for bodies and
components: Grade CZ122 of BS 2872.
f) Brass rod for spindles, glands, crutches, washer
plates, nuts, etc. Grades CZ121 or DD18 of
BS 2874.
g) Phosphor bronze for circlips: Grade PB102 of
BS 2874.
h) Stainless steel for circlips and components:
Grades 302S25, 304S15 or 303S21 of BS 970-4.
i) Rubber for washers in accordance with clause 6
of BS 3457:1973.
k) Toroidal sealing rings (“O” rings) shall comply
dimensionally with the requirements of BS 1806
or BS 4518 and also with the requirements of
Appendix A of BS 1010-2:1973.
l) Vulcanized fibre shall comply with the
requirements of BS 1737 and/or BS 3964 in all
except electrical requirements.
7 Castings
All castings shall be in all respects sound and good,
free from laps, blowholes and pitting and both the
internal and external surfaces shall be clean,
smooth and free from sand and neatly dressed.
Castings shall not be burned, plugged, stopped or
patched.
8 Hot pressings
All hot-pressed components shall be sound and solid
without lamination and shall be smooth and well
finished and shall comply with the requirements of
BS 3885.
9 Connections
Unless the purchaser specifies otherwise, the
threading on inlet and outlet connections shall
comply with the requirements of BS 21 or BS 2779
(at the manufacturer’s option).
2 © BSI 06-1999
Where union connections are provided they shall be
of the flat faced type.
Other types of end are not precluded and, where
relevant British Standards exist, their
requirements shall be complied with.
10 Plating
Before a mixing valve is plated, non-metallic
components shall be removed from the fitting unless
they are of a material unaffected by the plating
process. The gland packing shall, as far as is
practicable, be protected from the plating solution.
The plating when applied shall comply with the
requirements of service condition no. 2,
classification no.Cu/Ni 10b Cr r of BS 1224:1970.
11 Method of operation
Mixing valves complying with this Part of this
standard shall have one of the following three modes
of operation.
a) Sequential.
off or shut
cold
warm or tepid
hot
This sequence shall be clearly indicated. An
arrow may be used, if desired, to indicate
increase in temperature.
It is recommended that the operation of the valve
by rotation shall be clockwise for closing.
b) Twin control. There shall be one handle to
control the volume/shut-off function and a second
handle to control the temperature of the mixed
water. The operational directions of these
handles, for volume/shut-off and for temperature
control, shall be clearly indicated.
c) Single handle control. This controls both the
volume/shut-off function and also the
temperature. The operational direction shall be
clearly indicated. Colour coding where this is
used shall preferably be red for hot and blue for
cold.
The design of the above three types shall be such
that, when the valve is in the “off” or “shut”
position, the hot and cold supplies are completely
isolated from each other.
 BS 1415-1:1976

12 Flow rates It is emphasized that the values given in Table 1

and Table 2 are flow requirements against the
12.1 General. Mixing valves shall be tested using
stated pressure when tested in the manner shown in
the apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 and with a
Figure 1, and do not indicate the quantity of water
running pressure on both hot and cold supplies
which may issue from a spray head attachment
of 0.1 bar1). when in use. (See clauses 5 and 12 for series
Table 1 — Flow rates for ½ mixing valves reference.)
Running pressure Minimum flow rate 12.2 Minimum flow rate. Three categories of
Series 60 Series 80 Series 100
minimum flow rates are specified for each size. The
series number corresponds to the flow in litres per
bara l/s l/s l/s second under the specified test conditions. When
0.1 0.060 0.080 0.100 ordering mixing valves complying with the
a1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.
requirements of this standard the purchaser shall
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specify which series is required (see clause 5).

Table 2 — Flow rates for ¾ mixing valves NOTE The values for minimum flow rate given in Table 1 and
Table 2 apply for a single outlet of the mixing valve when fitted
Running pressure Minimum flow rate with the standard test outlet pipe as shown in Figure 1.
Additional loss will occur through sprays and their connections
Series 120 Series 160 Series 200
and the attention of installers is drawn to the allowance to be
bar l/s l/s l/s made in arriving at the initial constant pressure head required
for satisfactory operation. (See also the foreword.)
0.1 (mixer in the 0.120 0.160 0.200
shower position)
0.1 (mixer in the 0.230 0.230 0.230
bath position)

NOTE The drawing is diagrammatic only. (For details of item 4 see Figure 2.)
Figure 1 — Flow rate test apparatus

1) 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.

© BSI 06-1999 3
 BS 1415-1:1976

12.3 Flow rate test. When tested as specified in
Appendix A, ½ mixing valves and ¾ mixing valves
shall discharge water at not less than the rates of
flow specified in Table 1 and Table 2.
13 Test requirements
Every mixing valve, when assembled and in the
closed position, shall be capable of withstanding an
internally applied hydraulic pressure of not less
than 20 bar2) for a duration of 60 s without leakage
or an internally applied pneumatic pressure of not
less than 5 bar for a duration of 20 s without
leakage with the valve completely immersed in
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In addition, every mixing valve when assembled and
in the open position with the outlet sealed shall be
capable of withstanding an internally applied
hydraulic pressure of 5 bar or an internally applied
pneumatic pressure of not less than 1 bar.
The inlets and outlets of all mixing valves, bent or
straight tailpipes, and unions, shall have
squared-up faces at the ends to facilitate testing
under pressure.

water.

NOTE 1 The drawing is diagrammatic only.

NOTE 2 All dimensions are in millimetres.
Figure 2 — Details of pressure take-off tee

Table 3 — Dimensions of pressure take-off tee

All dimensions are in millimetres.
Size A B C D E F G H J K L
½ 15 31 12.7 33 55 27 12.5 G¼ 43 0.5 21
¾ 22 41 19 33 65 29 12.3 G¼ 53 0.7 23

2) 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.

4 © BSI 06-1999
 BS 1415-1:1976

Appendix A Method for the
determination of the rate of flow
A.1 Object The flow rate test is for the purpose of
ensuring that the mixing valve under test delivers
water at a minimum rate in accordance with
Table 1 or Table 2
A.2 Apparatus. The following apparatus is
required.
A.2.1 A cold water supply system consisting of a
water supply at the pressure specified in Table 1
and Table 2 from a pipe capable of delivering a
quantity of water of at least 50 % in excess of the
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A.2.7 A length of copper tube, in accordance with
Table X of BS 2871-1:1971, to be connected to the
outlet of the mixing valve under test, having the
following features:
a) the length dimensions as shown in Figure 1;
b) external diameter and thickness:
15 × 0.7 mm for ½ mixing valves
22 × 0.9 mm for ¾ mixing valves;
c) radius of curve in bends (R) to the centre line
equal to 60 ± 10 mm for ½ mixing valves
and 85 ± 10 mm for ¾ mixing valves.
A.3 Procedure

maximum flow rate of the mixing valve under test A.3.1 Connect test apparatus as shown in Figure 1
when the outlet of the supply pipe is open to to the cold water supply.
atmosphere. The test circuit shall be as shown in
A.3.2 Connect the valve to be tested to the test
Figure 1 and Figure 2.
apparatus as shown in Figure 1.
A.2.2 Two pressure gauges (manometers), graduated
A.3.3 Take out any removable restrictors or
with a suitable scale and having an accuracy anti-splash devices from the mixing valve.
of ± 2 %, at the test pressure. A suitable scale is one
indicating one thousandths of a bar.3) A.3.4 Open the test mixing valve and adjust the
control handle ensuring an approximately equal
A.2.3 Two flow meters (or other means of measuring
flow and pressure on both sides. Adjust water
flow) graduated with a suitable scale and having an
supply until the pressure gauge (manometer)
accuracy of ± 2 % of the test flow rate. A suitable
indicates required test pressure. Record the rate of
scale is one indicating one hundredths of a litre per flow in litres per second.
second.
A.3.5 Open the mixing valve to obtain full flow
A.2.4 Two pressure take-off tees suitable for 15 mm
through the cold water ports, i.e. minimum, or no
tube for ½ mixing valves and two pressure take-off
hot water flow. Adjust the water supply so that the
tees suitable for 22 mm tube for ¾ mixing valves.
pressure gauge (manometer) indicates the required
(See Figure 2 and Table 3.)
test pressure. Record the rate of flow in litres per
A.2.5 Two 15 mm control valves (capable of fine second on the cold side.
regulation) for ½ mixing valves and two 22 mm A.3.6 Open the mixing valve to obtain full flow
control valves (capable of fine regulation) for ¾
through the hot water ports, i.e. minimum, or no
mixing valves.
cold water flow. Adjust the water supply so that the
A.2.6 Two lengths of copper tube, in accordance with pressure gauge (manometer) indicates the required
Table X of BS 2871-1:1971, to be connected to the test pressure. Record the rate of flow in litres per
inlets of the mixing valve under test, having the second on the hot side.
following features:
a) the length dimensions as shown in Figure 1;
b) external diameter and thickness:
15 × 0.7 mm for ½ mixing valves
22 × 0.9 mm for ¾ mixing valves;
c) radius of curve in bends (R) to the centre line
equal to 60 ± 10 mm for ½ mixing valves
and 85 ± 10 mm for ¾ mixing valves.

3) 1 bar = 105 N/m2 = 100 kPa.

© BSI 06-1999 5
Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

6blank
 BS 1415-1:1976

Publications referred to

BS 21, Pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints are made on the threads.
BS 864, Capillary and compression tube fittings of copper and copper alloy.
BS 864-2, Metric units.
BS 970, Wrought steels in the form of blooms, billets, bars and forgings.
BS 970-4, Stainless, heat resisting and valve steels.
BS 1010, Draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services (screwdown pattern).
BS 1010-1, Imperial units.
BS 1010-2, Draw-off taps and above-ground stopvalves.
BS 1224, Electroplated coatings of nickel and chromium.
BS 1400, Copper alloy ingots and copper and copper alloy castings.
BS 1737, Jointing materials and compounds for water, town gas and low-pressure steam installations.
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BS 1806, Dimensions of toroidal sealing rings (“O” seals and their housings).
BS 2779, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads.
BS 2871, Copper and copper alloys, tubes.
BS 2871-1, Copper tubes for water, gas and sanitation.
BS 2872, Copper and copper alloys. Forging stock and forgings.
BS 2874, Copper and copper alloys. Rods and sections (other than forging stock).
BS 3457, Materials for water tap and stopvalve seat washers.
BS 3885, Tolerances for hot brass stampings.
BS 3964, Flexible vulcanized fibre sheets.
BS 4518, Metric dimensions of toroidal sealing rings (“O”-rings and their housings.

© BSI 06-1999
 BS 1415-1:
1976
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