~ {test cope 02107010 in digualienion. oe FORM TP 2016149) _ Signature MAY/JUNE 2016 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION? BIOLOGY - UNIT 1 Paper 01 J hour 30 minutes 07 JUNE 2016 (a. READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. This test consists of 45 items. You will have | hour and 30 minutes to answer them. In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet. Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this test Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item ‘you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below. Sample Item Which of the following metal atoms is present in a haemoglobin molecule? Sample Answer (A) Iron @8oOoO (B) Copper © Calcium (D) Magnesium The correct answer to this item is “Iron”, so (A) has been shaded. If you want to change your answer, erase it completely before you fill in your new choice. When you are told to begin, tun the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. If you cannot answer an item, go on to the next one. You may return to that item later. You may do any rough work in this booklet Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. The use of non-programmable calculators is allowed. DO_NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO S'ED: Which three ofthe followingcharacteristies of water are of biological significance? Item 2 refers to the following diagram of a sugarmolecule. I. Excellent solvent properties Carel} Il. Relatively high heat capacity 7 Ove Il. Lower surface tension than most H liquids Go IV. Density decreases below 4 °C a 2 a OH (A) 1, Hand ill ae 2. Which of the following polymers is (C) 1, llland IV pas (Oe ula produced by the union of several of these ©) 1, Mand IV Pens (A) (B) 3. A diet high in triglycerides may lead to obesity. The feature of triglycerides which MOST likely contributes to this is that they (A) have many C-H bonds (B) are insoluble in water (C) contain glycerol molecules (D) contain fatty acid chains Item 4 refers to the following molecules R ° ee ES le > on ~ [2 Ssan iH Which of the following bonds is formed between these two molecules during a condensation reaction? (A) Ester lw Peptide (©) Hydrogen ©) — Giycosidic GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.ape 5. Collagen exhibits a secondary level of protein structure and organization because (A) _ itcontains four polypeptide chains (B) each chain forms a helix held by covalent bonds toe chain forms a helix held by hydrogen bonds (D) _ itis made up of repeated units of three different amino acids 6 When a mixture of starch and amylase is tested witha solution of iodine in potassium iodide, a blue-black colour is initially observed. However, when tested after one minute, the blue-black colour is no longer observed. This is due to the formation of (A) sucrose (B) maltose (©) cellulose (D) glycogen 7. Which of the following apply ONLY to! acellular membranes? 1. Allowseparationofthe cell contents from the external environment Il. Enable separate compartments to be formed within the cell matrix Ul. Support metabolic reactions like cellular respiration (A) and Il only (B) — Iand III only (©) Hand Ill only (D) 1, Mand mt 8. Which of the following is NOT typical of a bacterium? (A) DNA (B) _ Ribosome (©) Cell membrane [aS membrane re a a aa Item 9 refers to the following diagram which shows a cross section of the root of a dicotyledon. 9. Which of the following correctly identifies the structures labelled I, II and III? I 1 m1 GD Cortex Phloem Xylem (B) Cortex. Xylem Phloem (©) Phloem = Cortex._—_Xylem (D) Xylem Phloem Cortex Which structure is found in BOTH a aryotic and a eukaryotic cell? (A)) Ribosome Chloroplast (©) Mitochondrion (D) Nuclear membrane 11. The table below shows three processes involved in the movement of substances across cell membranes. Which of the following correctly states whetherthethree processes shown are active or passive in nature? Diffusion [Endocytosis | Osmosis (A) | Active | Active Active (B) [Active [Passive | Active 4 esssive [Active Passive (D) [Passive _| Passive Passive GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEoe 12. Which of the following is an example of Engulfing of a bacterium by a phagocyte (B) _ Release of acid into the stomach of amammal (©) Formation of Golgi vesicles by budding from cisternae (D) _ Releaseofwaterfromthecontractile vacuole in Amoeba 13. Which ofthe followingisthe BESTexample of anabolism? (A) Glycogen is converted to glucose. (B) Peptide bonds are hydrolysed by peptidases. (©) Amino acids joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide. (D). Amyloseandamylopectincombine to form starch molecules. Which ofthe following graphs BESTshows the effect of pH on the reaction velocity of an enzyme? S Reaction velocity pH” @) i Reaction velocity | ©) il Reaction. velocity pa Reaction| velocity GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEae Item 15 refers to the following graph which shows the progress of an enzyme-catalysed reaction with increasing temperature. x Rate —Temperstare 15, The decline in the rate at X is MOST likely because (A) peptide bonds are broken (©) the enzyme loses its tertiary structure (B) the enzyme loses its secondary structure (D) substrate concentration becomes too low tem 16 refers to the following diagrams of molecules which are involved in the formation of 16. Which two molecules combined with a phosphate group form a RNA nucleotide? (A) Land Ill (B) LandIV (©) Wand I (D) Mand Iv GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02107010/CAPE 2016=e Item 17 refers to the following process of transcription occurring in a cell nucleus. Newly formed messenger RNA (mRNA) Cytoplasm 17. The base sequence of the codon labelled X is (A) GAG GcG GGG (D) CGC 18. Which of the following statements about semi-conservative replication of DNA is MOST appropriate? (A) DNA replication never occurs with 100% accuracy. (B) The DNA molecule is translated into complementary RNA molecules. (C) The number of DNA molecules is doubled with every other replication. The replicated DNA molecule has one parental strand and one new strand. Item 19 refers to the following stages of mitosis. 19. Which of the following combinations correctly identifies the stages labelled, 1, 2 and 3? 1 2 3) (A) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase B) _ Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Metaphase Prophase —Anaphase (D) Metaphase Anaphase —_Prophase GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE“ae 20. Which of the following is NOT true of 23. Which of the following pairs of genotypes would BOTH produce cats with white fur? homologous chromosomes? (A). They are the same length. They contain the same alleles. ‘They contain the same number of penes. (D) — Euchromatin and heterochromatin bands are the same. 21. Which of the following events in meiosis contributes directly to variation? (A) Formation of spindle fibres {B) Separation of homologous pairs (© Attachment of bivalents to spindle fibres (D) Genetic rearrangement between non-sister chromatids Items 22-23 refer to the following information. Aparticularbreed of domestic cats canhave eitherblack, white orbrown furcolour. The dominantallele, B, of one gene gives black fur and the recessive allele, b, gives brown fur. Many of the white cats carry a dominant allele, P, ofa second gene which inhibits all pigment production. The recessive allele, P, has no effect on the colour of the fur. The two different genes are not linked nor are they on the X chromosome. 22. This type of gene interaction is described (AP epistasis sex-linkage (©) codominance (D) —dominantirecessive 02107010/CAPE 2016 (A) (B) (C) o bpp, Bbpp BBPP, Bbpp bbPp, BBpp BbPP, bbPP 24. Which of the followingiis true of restriction enzymes? (A) They cut DNA at specific base sequences. (B) They always produce DNA fragments with ‘sticky ends’. (C) _ TheyareusedtoinsertforeignDNA into human chromosomes. (D) They are produced by humans to restrict the growth of viruses. 25. Despite the benefit of gene therapy, many people have reservations about its use. Which of the following concerns about gene therapy may be considered a hazard? (a) (B) © Gene therapy will be used to clone ‘humans in the future. ‘To date, no one has been cured of a genetic disease disorder using gene therapy. Viruses used to deliver DNA to the nucleus of a cell may cause diseases in the affected individuals. Gene therapy is expensive and therefore will not be readily accessible by everyone. 26. Which of the following events that occur during meiosis is MOST likely to result in chromosomal mutation? (A) (B) (©) ) Non-disjuneti DNA replication Homologous pairing Independent assortment GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEay 28. In populations of pacific salmon, most fish are either very large or very small. This is because sperm from medium-sized fish seldom fertlizetheeggs. Theallele frequency of medium-sized fish is therefore very low. This is MOST likely an example of (A) @) © (D) disruptive selection stabilizing selection directional selection artificial selection Which of the following explains why the biological species concept, often used to definea species, is limited in its application? a) (B) © Members of different species interbreed occasionally to produce fertile offspring, Members of the same species have many genes in common, hence they usually have similar karyotypes. The genes of one member of a species can be inherited along with the genes of any other member during sexual reproduction. For some species, members of the same species have distinctly different structural features, a phenomenon known as polymorphism. 29. There are various isolating mechanisms which can result in populations of the same species evolving into two distinct species. Which of the following is an example of behavioural isolation? (a) (B) © () Pinus radiata flowers in February while Pinus attenuata flowers in April. Viola arvensis growson calcareous soils whereas Viola tricolor prefers acidic soils The flower structure of certain orchids prevents the transfer of pollen from another species. In species of funnel web spiders, only males which spray the femalewithachemical substance, are allowed to mate with her. 30. _Insickle-cell anaemia, the sickling of red blood cells is a result of a mutation of (A) (8) © (0) a single base pair in the gene that encodes for the alpha-globin polypeptide a single base pair in the gene that encodes for the beta-globin polypeptide two base pairs in the gene that encodes for the alpha-globin polypeptide ‘two base pairs in the gene that encodes for the beta-globin polypeptide GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE31 32, 33. 34. Items 31—32 refer to the following diagram which shows the embryo sac ofa flowering plant, @ @) © In answering Items 31-32, each labelled part may be used once, more than once or not at all Which of the labelled structures Se develops into the endosperm? is the female gamete? ‘The MOST important advantage of sexual reproduction is that (A) iteliminates the risk of deleterious ‘mutations (B) many offspring are produced in a short period of time (©) it allows adaptation to changing environmental conditions (D) desirable genes are always passed on to the next generation Which of the following types of plants use mechanisms which guarantee cross fertilization? Diecious plants (B)— Monoecious plants (C) Plants with cleistogamous flowers (D) Plants with hermaphroditic flowers 02107010/CAPE 2016 35. 36. Inplanttissue culture, small pieces of tissue can grow into wholenew plants. Inaddition to inorganic ions and sucrose, which of the following essential growth requirementsare needed to make this possible? 1 Auxins 1. Vitamins I. Cytokinin (A) Land I only (BY) Land If only ) and III only (D) I, Hand IL Which of the following correctly identify types of asexual reproduction? 1 Binary fission I, Fragmentation TI. Gamete fusion IV. Tissue culture 1, Hand If only I, Hand IV only I, I and IV only (D) 1,1, Mand Iv GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE2ibe Item 37 refers to the following diagram of _—_ 39. Which of the following is a difference the human male reproductive system as between the secondary oocyte and the seen in lateral view. ovum? (A) The secondary oocyte is diploid while the ovum is haploid, (B) _Thesecondary oocytehas two polar bodies while the ovum has one. (C)__ Thesecondary oocyteis surrounded by the zona pellucida while the ovum is not. (D) The secondary oocyte is at Metaphase Il ofmeiosis whilethe ovum has completed the meiotic divisions. 37. Which of the labelled structures produce gg. ‘The nucleus ofthe ovum occupies a much fluids which aid in the transport of sperms? e ie smaller portion of the cell than does the ina nucleus in a sperm. This is because the (: and 3 only (B) Land 4 only (©) 2and 5 only (PD) 1,3and5 only (A) sperm nucleus is swollen (B) —_chromosomesintheovum are more tightly coiled (©) ovum contains food stores in the cytoplasm (D) — nucleus of the ovum has fewer chromosomes than the sperm 38. Which ofthe followingis true about double fertilization in flowering plants? nucleus (A) Two sperm nuclei fuse with one egg cell. = Be = Tolerance fusesrth two 2 41e gilicgal qomone ei iaisent im alat ss egg cells. = spermatogenesis in the seminiferous (©) One sperm nucleus fuses with an ee egg cell and a polar nucleus. Two sperm nuclei fuse with an egg (A) inhibin cellandpolarnuclei, respectively. ec eeae (©) luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone a ea aLei 42. Which of the following events occurring 44. Which of the following is an important during the ovarian cycle is a result of the function of the mammalian placenta? negative feedback caused by an increase in oestrogen levels? (A) Secretes hormones that are important during pregnaney (A) Decreased production of (B) Stores the metabolic waste of the progesterone at the end of the developing foetus secretory phase (©) Helps to regulate and maintain a (B) Increased secretion of luteinizing constant foetal body temperature hormone during the follicular (D) Transports drugs taken by the phase mother during pregnancy to the (©) Increased secretion of gonado- foetus trophin releasing hormoneduring the follicular phase (D) Decreased secretion of follicle 45. Which of the following BEST explains stimulating hormone afier the why women should increase their intake release of the secondary oocyte of folate during pregnancy? (A) Humans cannot synthesize folate. tem 43 refers to the following events seen (B) The foetus is at risk of developing in the development and implantation of @ spina bifida if it does not get human embryo. sufficient folate. (©The foetus is at risk of having a [Inner cell mass form: deformed skeleton if it does not Il, Theallantois uses withthechorion. get sufficient folate. Ill Chorionic villi grow, (D) The foetus will withdraw folate IV. Maternal blood spaces form. from the mother’s body, thus putting her at risk of developing 43. The correct sequence of events is deformities 1,0, 11, 1V 1 - 1,11, 1V, 1 © WL u1v (D) 1, 1,,1V END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02107010/CAPE 2016