HISTORY OF URBAN PLANNING • Don Arturo Soria Y Mata

o La Ciudad Lineal
 IDEAL SIZE OF A CITY = 10,000 – 20,000 (by Aristotle) o Stalingrad (Planned Linear City)
o Created Madrid’s 1st Streetcar & Telephone
 HIPPODAMUS System
• Gridiron Layout
• City in the form of Grid  THE CONVENTIONISTS & PARK MOVEMENT
• PIRAEUS, Athens Harbor • George Perkins Marsh
• NEOPOLIS – New Town o Founder of Modern Conservation
• PALEOPOLIS – Old Town o Man & Nature

 URBAN DESIGN • Frederick Law Olmsted

• GREEK – Sense of finite o Pioneer of American Park System
• Romans – Political Power & Organization o Central Park in New York
o Cities – planned for generations ahead
 USE OF SCALE o Maintain sufficient breathing space
• GREEK – based on Human Measurements
• Romans – Proportion that would relate to the Parts  GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
of the Building • Ebenezer Howard
• Settlements – Rectilinear & Circular o Garden City Concept
o “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform”
 MODULE
• GREEK – use of House • Letchworth – 1st Garden City
• Romans – use of Street
 SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
 FORM • Connurbation
• A Latin word meaning Open Space or Market Place o The Wave of the Population Inflow to Large
Cities
• Administrative & Corporate Heart of Rome
o Wave of Backflow
• REPUBLICAN FORUM – “Roman Forum”
o Designed by Vitruvius
 CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
o Proportion 3:2 (Length to Width)
• Golden Age of Urban Design (Termed the “City
o Small Area, 6 acres
Beautiful Era”)
o Architectural Masses, Full of Odd Corners
o Curia – Senate House • World’s Fair
• As a Civic Art
• IMPERAIL FORUM – “Urban Space” • As Urban Renewal Operations
o Architectural or Urban Masses were made • Civic Centers ( City Hall, Country Courthouse,
Subordinate to Spaces Library, Museum & Plaza)
o Composed of Piazas formed by Colonnades • Public Works ( Bridges, Rivers, Colleges &
o Colonnade serve as Transition (Spacious, Universities, Railroads)
Open, Sense of Openness) • City as a Whole
• Daniel Burnham – “Make No Little Plans, They
 ANCIENT GREECE have no Magic to stir Man’s Blood”
• Acropolis
• Agora  ARCHITECTS IN URBAN PLANNING
• Eliel Saarinen
 ANCIENT ROME • Le Corbusier
• Republican Forum o Une Ville Contemporaine
• Imperial Forum o Plan Voisin (Neighborhood Plan)
o Le Plan de Paris
 MEDIEVAL ERA o Spokesman “ International Movement”
• Decline of Rome o Chandigrah, India – Designed Entire City
• Urban Settings – Military Strongholds, Castles,
Monasteries • Louis Khan – Central Philadelphia

 RENAISSANCE ERA • Kenzo Tange – Plan for Tokyo

• Ideal Cities
o Accomplishments of Early Renaissance–
Public Works & Civil Improvement of Projects
o Leon Battista Alberti – Foremost,
Theoretical
o Rebuilding the Ferrara – 1ST Modern City
o Palazzo Diamenti – Most Famous Structures
o Biaggio Rosetti – Earliest Modern Urban
Designers
o Leonardo Da Vinci – Sketched a City
Straddling River
 Proposed Movable Houses
 Anticipated the “Greenbelt Concept”
 Satellite Town for Workers
o Circulation as a Determinant of Urban Form
• Frank Lloyd Wright – Disappearing City
o Broadacres – every Family on acreland
o Changed Scheme
o Full Mile High Skyscraper
-
• Constantine Dioxadis – Arch Transition
o Ekistics Grid – System for Recording
Planning Data & Ordering Planning Process
o Ekistics – Science of Human Settlement

 REBUILDING LONDON
• Several Designers :
o Christopher Waren
o John Evelyn Robert Hooke
o Valentine Knight
o John Gwynn – Produced The Plan of London
(1716)

 INDUSTRIAL TOWNS
• Tony Garnier - French Architect
o Une Cite Industrielle (1901- 1904)
 Anticipated the Modern Day Zoning
 Plan is incredibly Detailed