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Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI)

is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural


intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals. In computer
science AI research is defined as the study of "intelligent agents": any
device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its
chance of successfully achieving its goals. Colloquially, the term "artificial
intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that
humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and
"problem solving".

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence:


Artificial intelligence is complex in nature. It uses very complicated
mixture of computer science,mathematics and other complex
sciences.Complex programming helps these machines replicate the
cognitive abilities of human beings.

1. Error Reduction:

Artificial intelligence helps us in reducing the error and the chance of


reaching accuracy with a greater degree of precision is a possibility. It is
applied in various studies such as exploration of space.

Intelligent robots are fed with information and are sent to explore space.
Since they are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and
have greater ability to endure the space and hostile atmosphere.

They are created and acclimatized in such a way that they cannot be
modified or get disfigured or breakdown in the hostile environment.

2. Difficult Exploration:3
Artificial intelligence and the science of robotics can be put to use in
mining and other fuel exploration processes. Not only that, these complex
machines can be used for exploring the ocean floor and hence overcoming
the human limitations.

Due to the programming of the robots, they can perform more laborious
and hard work with greater responsibility. Moreover, they do not wear out
easily.

3. Daily Application:

Computed methods for automated reasoning, learning and perception


have become a common phenomenon in our everyday lives. We have our
lady Siri or Cortana to help us out.

We are also hitting the road for long drives and trips with the help of GPS.
Smartphone in an apt and every day is an example of the how we use
artificial intelligence. In utilities, we find that they can predict what we are
going to type and correct the human errors in spelling. That is machine
intelligence at work.

When we take a picture, the artificial intelligence algorithm identifies and


detects the person’s face and tags the individuals when we are posting our
photographs on the social media sites.

Artificial Intelligence is widely employed by financial institutions and


banking institutions to organize and manage data. Detection of fraud uses
artificial intelligence in a smart card based system.

4. Digital Assistants:
Highly advanced organizations use ‘avatars’ which are replicas or digital
assistants who can actually interact with the users, thus saving the need of
human resources.

For artificial thinkers, emotions come in the way of rational thinking and
are not a distraction at all. The complete absence of the emotional side,
makes the robots think logically and take the right program decisions.

Emotions are associated with moods that can cloud judgment and affect
human efficiency. This is completely ruled out for machine intelligence.

5. Repetitive Jobs:

Repetitive jobs which are monotonous in nature can be carried out with the
help of machine intelligence. Machines think faster than humans and can
be put to multi-tasking. Machine intelligence can be employed to carry out
dangerous tasks. Their parameters, unlike humans, can be adjusted. Their
speed and time are calculation based parameters only.

When humans play a computer game or run a computer-controlled robot,


we are actually interacting with artificial intelligence. In the game we are
playing, the computer is our opponent. The machine intelligence plans the
game movement in response to our movements. We can consider gaming
to be the most common use of the benefits of artificial intelligence.

6. Medical Applications:

In the medical field also, we will find the wide application of AI. Doctors
assess the patients and their health risks with the help of artificial machine
intelligence. It educates them about the side effects of various medicines.
Medical professionals are often trained with the artificial surgery
simulators. It finds a huge application in detecting and monitoring
neurological disorders as it can simulate the brain functions.

Robotics is used often in helping mental health patients to come out of


depression and remain active. A popular application of artificial
intelligence is radiosurgery. Radiosurgery is used in operating tumors and
this can actually help in the operation without damaging the surrounding
tissues.

7. No Breaks:

Machines, unlike humans, do not require frequent breaks and


refreshments. They are programmed for long hours and can continuously
perform without getting bored or distracted or even tired.

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:

1. High Cost:

Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very


complex machines. Their repair and maintenance require huge costs.

They have software programs which need frequent up gradation to cater to


the needs of the changing environment and the need for the machines to be
smarter by the day.

In the case of severe breakdowns, the procedure to recover lost codes and
re-instating the system might require huge time and cost.
2. No Replicating Humans:

Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature. An ethical argument


continues, whether human intelligence is to be replicated or not.

Machines do not have any emotions and moral values. They perform what
is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong. Even
cannot take decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. They
either perform incorrectly or breakdown in such situations.

3. No Improvement with Experience:

Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience.


With time, it can lead to wear and tear. It stores a lot of data but the way it
can be accessed and used is very different from human intelligence.

Machines are unable to alter their responses to changing environments. We


are constantly bombarded by the question whether it is really exciting to
replace humans with machines.

In the world of artificial intelligence, there is nothing like working with a


whole heart or passionately. Care or concerns are not present in the
machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of belonging or
togetherness or a human touch. They fail to distinguish between a
hardworking individual and an inefficient individual.

4. No Original Creativity:

Do you want creativity or imagination?


These are not the forte of artificial intelligence. While they can help you
design and create, they are no match for the power of thinking that the
human brain has or even the originality of a creative mind.

Human beings are highly sensitive and emotional intellectuals. They see,
hear, think and feel. Their thoughts are guided by the feelings which
completely lacks in machines. The inherent intuitive abilities of the human
brain cannot be replicated.

5. Unemployment:

Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large scale


unemployment.

Unemployment is a socially undesirable phenomenon. People with nothing


to do can lead to the destructive use of their creative minds.

Humans can unnecessarily be highly dependent on the machines if the use


of artificial intelligence becomes rampant. They will lose their creative
power and will become lazy. Also, if humans start thinking in a destructive
way, they can create havoc with these machines.

Artificial intelligence in wrong hands is a serious threat to mankind in


general. It may lead to mass destruction. Also, there is a constant fear of
machines taking over or superseding the humans.

Based on the above discussion, the Association for the advancement of


artificial intelligence has two objectives – to develop and advance the
science of artificial intelligence and to promote and educate about the
responsible usage of artificial intelligence.
Identifying and studying the risk of artificial intelligence is a very
important task at hand. This can help in resolving the issues at
hand.Programming errors or cyber attacks need more dedicated and
careful research.Technology companies and technology industry as a
whole needs to pay more attention to the quality of the software.
Everything that has been created in this world and in our individual
societies is the continuous result of intelligence.

Artificial intelligence augments and empowers human intelligence.So as


long we are successful in keeping technology beneficial, we will be able to
help this human civilization.

Everything that has been created in this world and in our individual
societies is the continuous result of intelligence.Artificial intelligence
augments and empowers human intelligence. So as long we are successful
in keeping technology beneficial, we will be able to help this human
civilization.

APPLICATIONS
Video Games

One of the instances of AI that most people are probably familiar with,
video game AI has been used for a very long time—since the very first
video games, in fact. But the complexity and effectiveness of that AI
has increased exponentially over the past several decades, resulting in
video game characters that learn your behaviors, respond to stimuli,
and react in unpredictable ways. 2014’s Middle Earth: Shadow of
Mordor is especially notable for the individual personalities given to
each non-player character, their memories of past interaction, and
their variable objectives.

First-person shooters like Far Cry and Call of Duty also make
significant use of AI, with enemies that can analyze their
environments to find objects or actions that might be beneficial to
their survival; they’ll take cover, investigate sounds, use flanking
maneuvers, and communicate with other AIs to increase their chances
of victory. As far as AI goes, video games are somewhat simplistic, but
because of the industry’s huge market, a great deal of effort and money
are invested every year in perfecting this type of AI.

Smart Cars
You probably haven’t seen someone reading the newspaper while
driving to work yet, but self-driving cars are moving closer and closer
to reality; Google’s self-driving car project and Tesla’s “autopilot”
feature are two examples that have been in the news lately. Earlier this
year, the Washington Post reported on an algorithm developed by
Google that could potentially let self-driving cars learn to drive in the
same way that humans do: through experience.

The AI detailed in this article learned to play simple video games, and
Google will be testing that same intelligence in driving games before
moving onto the road. The idea is that, eventually, the car will be able
to “look” at the road ahead of it and make decisions based on what it
sees, helping it learn in the process. While Tesla’s autopilot feature
isn’t quite this advanced, it’s already being used on the road,
indicating that these technologies are certainly on their way in.

Purchase Prediction
Large retailers like Target and Amazon stand to make a lot of money if
they can anticipate your needs. Amazon’s anticipatory shipping project
hopes to send you items before you need them, completely obviating
the need for a last-minute trip to the online store. While that
technology isn’t yet in place, brick-and-mortar retailers are using the
same ideas with coupons; when you go to the store, you’re often given
a number of coupons that have been selected by a predictive analytics
algorithm.

This can be used in a wide variety of ways, whether it’s sending you
coupons, offering you discounts, targeting advertisements, or stocking
warehouses that are close to your home with products that you’re
likely to buy. As you can imagine, this is a rather controversial use of
AI, and it makes many people nervous about potential privacy
violations from the use of predictive analytics.

Fraud Detection
Have you ever gotten an email or a letter asking you if you made a
specific purchase on your credit card? Many banks send these types of
communications if they think there’s a chance that fraud may have
been committed on your account, and want to make sure that you
approve the purchase before sending money over to another company.
Artificial intelligence is often the technology deployed to monitor for
this type of fraud.

In many cases, computers are given a very large sample of fraudulent


and non-fraudulent purchases and asked to learn to look for signs that
a transaction falls into one category or another. After enough training,
the system will be able to spot a fraudulent transaction based on the
signs and indications that it learned through the training exercise.

Online Customer Support


Many websites now offer customers the opportunity to chat with a
customer support representative while they’re browsing—but not
every site actually has a live person on the other end of the line. In
many cases, you’re talking to a rudimentary AI. Many of these chat
support bots amount to little more than automated responders, but
some of them are actually able to extract knowledge from the website
and present it to customers when they ask for it.

Perhaps most interestingly, these chat bots need to be adept at


understanding natural language, which is a rather difficult
proposition; the way in which customers talk and the way in which
computers talk is very different, and teaching a machine to translate
between the two isn’t easy. But with rapid advances in natural
language processing (NLP), these bots are getting better all the time.

News Generation
Did you know that artificial intelligence programs can write news
stories? According to Wired, the AP, Fox, and Yahoo! all use AI to
write simple stories like financial summaries, sports recaps, and
fantasy sports reports. AI isn’t writing in-depth investigative articles,
but it has no problem with very simple articles that don’t require a lot
of synthesis. Automated Insights, the company behind the Wordsmith
software, says that e-commerce, financial services, real estate, and
other “data-driven” industries are already benefitting from the app.

Of course, Wordsmith still needs quite a bit of help from an actual


author to get setup and give it the matrix article that data is placed
into. However, the concept has been proven, and it’s likely that we’ll
see more and more reports generated by these means. Moving beyond
data-driven fields will require major leaps in technology, but the
groundwork has been laid, and it seems like it’s only a matter of time
until fully automated reporters become a reality.

Security Surveillance
A single person monitoring a number of video cameras isn’t a very
secure system; people get bored easily, and keeping track of multiple
monitors can be difficult even in the best of circumstances. Which is
why training computers to monitor those cameras makes a great deal
of sense. With supervised training exercises, security algorithms can
take input from security cameras and determine whether there may be
a threat—if it “sees” a warning sign, it will alert human security
officers.

Of course, the number of things that these computers can catch is


currently pretty limited—Wired talks about seeing flashes of color that
may indicate an intruder or someone loitering around a schoolyard.
Identifying actions that might imply a thief in a store are likely beyond
the current technological limitations, but don’t be surprised if this sort
of technology debuts in the near future.

DRONES
You’re probably familiar with pilotless drones, they’ve been used by
the military for years now. In recent years, drones have also made the
switch from the defence military world to the civilian world.

Let’s explore some examples of how drones are using artificial


intelligence.

Life Saving
An engineer at the Technical University of Delft, one of the world’s
leading drone research hubs in the Netherlands, started to investigate
if drones could reach a heart attack patient faster than an ambulance.

By working with ambulance services in Amsterdam, Alec


Momont established that the typical response time for a cardiac arrest
call is approximately 10 minutes

Momont when onto build a drone prototype that ships with a DIY
defibrillator and is aiming to get there in six minutes. Momont’s
vision is for drones to be part of a wider emergency services response
team and that someone witnessing a heart attack could call 112 (the
equivalent of 911 in the USor 999 in the UK) and the call handler
would dispatch a drone. Using a two-way video connected to the
drone, a medic could talk the witness through the necessary steps of
using the defibrillator.

One can see the obvious advantage to having such technology in rural
areas or difficult to reach locations

Hover Camera
Zero Zero Robotics’ “Lily Camera” which is pitches itself as a “throw
and shoot” camera hovers in the air and is powered by bespoke
artificial intelligence which has been coined “Embedded AI”.

The firm developed proprietary technology that fuses a suite of state-


of-the-art AI with a PCB the size of two US quarters!
Weighing only 238 grams, the self-flying camera can be carried
around, it’s like having your own self-flying personal photographer.
Once in the air, the done automatically finds and follows you (its
owner), while recording your everyday life from a completely new
angle. It’s all possible thanks to advanced artificial intelligence facial
recognition algorithms.

Logistics
In December, 2016, a British farmer Richard Barnes receive an order
placed on Amazon for a bag of popcorn and an Amazon Fire TV
Stick.

What was different about this delivery?

It only took 13 minutes for the goods to be delivered from the point of
order and was fulfilled by using an autonomous drone!

Smart Home Devices


Many smart home devices now include the ability to learn your
behavior patterns and help you save money by adjusting the settings
on your thermostat or other appliances in an effort to increase
convenience and save energy. For example, turning your oven on when
you leave work instead of waiting to get home is a very convenient
ability. A thermostat that knows when you’re home and adjusts the
temperature accordingly can help you save money by not heating the
house when you’re out.

Lighting is another place where you might see basic artificial


intelligence; by setting defaults and preferences, the lights around
your house (both inside and outside) might adjust based on where you
are and what you’re doing; dimmer for watching TV, brighter for
cooking, and somewhere in the middle for eating, for example. The
uses of AI in smart homes are limited only by our imagination.

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