THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO:

Pipe Marking
A Graphic Products Library Resource

1-800-788-5572 | www.DuraLabel.com | www.GraphicProducts.com

 Call Today for your pipe
marking, valve tag and safety labeling needs!
We have the printers, supplies and tools
needed to effectively bring your facility up to
code with today’s standards.
Pipe Markers
Premium Vinyl Tapes available in
1/2" to 9" widths in over 30 colors
and 100s of specialty order colors
making it ideal for color-coding.

Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves

Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves provide a
clean surface for labeling dirty, oily,
or rusty pipes. Just print a label,
apply it to the sleeve, then place
the sleeve around the pipe.

Valve Tags
Inexpensive custom valve tags
are fast and easy to create. Our
valve tags are extremely durable
and long-lasting for a uniform
and professional appearance
throughout your entire facility.

DuraTag™ (Tag Stock)

This heavy-duty UV-stabilized material
is resistant to tears, moisture,
chemicals, and extreme cold, making
it ideal for indoor and outdoor use.
Assorted colors and sizes available.

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CONTENTS
Contents of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking by Graphic Products, Inc.

1 INTRODUCTION
An overview of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking.

2 TOOLS
What labeling tools are available to efficiently label an
entire facility indoors and outdoors?

3 EVALUATION OF FACILITY
What to look for when evaluating a facility.
– Evaluation Tip
– What to Look For
– Standard Abbreviations

9 LABEL CREATION
See what resources there are for customizing pipe
markers within a facility.
– Equipment and Supplies

10 What DuraLabel supplies are available for pipe

marking for various surfaces and environments?
– Label Creation Steps

11 LABEL PLACEMENT
Proper placement of pipe labels will increase worker
safety and improve overall workflow.
– Pipe Markers Should Be Placed
– Removing Old Labels

13 LABEL MAINTENANCE
What may be used to clean and maintain pipe labels.

14 APPENDIX A - EVALUATION CHECKLIST

Use this checklist to help label a facility.

15 APPENDIX B - PIPE MARKING GUIDES

Various industries need to comply with specific standards
and should be followed accordingly.
– ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Pipe Marking Guide
– Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide
– NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Pipe Marking Guide

15
– ISO/DIS 14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide
What are the different pipe marking standards? – Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide

The information presented in this guide was obtained from sources whom we deem reliable and the best available sources; Graphic Products,
Inc. has made every effort to ensure this information is correct. However, we do not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products,
Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied. Information in this guide is subject to change without notice.
Except as expressly provided for in writing, the liability of Graphic Products, Inc. arising from the use of this guide is specifically excluded and
Graphic Products, Inc. disclaims all warranties and any liability for damages of any kind and any liability whether in contract, tort under statute
or otherwise for any injury, damage or loss whatsoever. No reliance should be placed on information contained or to be implied or inferred in
this guide, and users of this guide should verify all information with ANSI and OSHA sources directly.
-i-
 PIPE LABELS: Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers.

INTRODUCTION
The following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing and placement. These recommended practices will help
improve facility efficiency and increase safety through visual communication.

Proper pipe marking1 plays a critical role in protecting the
safety of workers, visitors and emergency responders who
must enter a facility. The following pages are designed to
help your facility comply with widely accepted standards
for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure
pipe content, flow direction and additional pipe information
are easily seen and understood by all.
Keep this guide handy in your facility to help you, your
staff and contractors understand and print compliant pipe
markers. DuraLabel printers come bundled with pipe
marking software to make compliance simple. DuraLabel
also offers a wide selection of industrial labeling supplies
for making pipe markers, valve tags and other types of
labels and signs.

Pipe marker design and color-code compliance is best
achieved with the use of an industrial label printer. Pipe
marking software, included with DuraLabel printers, makes
it easy to accurately print for compliance using custom
information. The goal is to reduce confusion, dangerous
situations, injuries and even deaths.
DuraLabel offers over 50 application-specific supplies to
choose from so you’ll always have the right supply for
making durable labels and signs for nearly any surface
or setting. Having the right supply for your specific
application ensures long-term performance - even in the
harshest industrial environments.

For further assistance please contact one of our knowledgeable

customer service representatives at 1-800-788-5572.

1 The words pipe marker, pipe marking and label are used interchangeably throughout this guide.

1 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
 DURALABEL PIPE MARKING SUPPLIES: DuraLabel provides many labeling supplies and tools to properly color-code pipes within a facility.

TOOLS
Various items are needed when evaluating your facility for marking pipes appropriately.

The recommended tools and equipment needed for making pipe markers includes:
• Schematic of the facility’s pipe system
• Computer with Windows 2000 Operating System or above
▫ DuraLabel Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL or a laptop if
portability is needed
▫ Word processing software or DuraLabel DuraSuite™ software
▫ DuraLabel library of symbols, templates and examples
• DuraLabel PRO series printer2 (www.duralabel.com)
▫ DuraLabel DuraPak™ battery (optional, for portability)
▫ DuraLabel premium vinyl tapes in yellow, green, blue, red, brown and orange
(tape size depends on the size of the pipe)
▫ DuraLabel premium and/or petroleum ribbon in white and black
▫ Additional supplies for special purpose applications
• Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves for putting pipe markers on dirty, oily or rusty pipes
• Low temperature vinyl for labeling pipes in cold storage areas
• Reflective vinyl for labeling pipes that need to be seen under low-light conditions
• Extended-Life Vinyl is ideal for outdoor labeling
• Supplies and equipment to clean and prepare pipes for labeling
▫ Putty knife, isopropyl alcohol, WD-40 or heat gun
Check out the DuraLabel 9000
and print on 4” - 9” Tape Widths!
2 Althoughother industrial quality printers may be used, the DuraLabel PRO 300 is a popular thermal transfer printer proven to
make effective, long-lasting pipe markers. The descriptions given in this guide use the DuraLabel PRO 300.

www.DuraLabel.com 1-800-788-5572 2
 EVALUATE FACILITY: Evaluate piping systems indoors and outdoors. DuraLabel provides supplies which will endure many environments.

EVALUATION OF FACILITY
Now that you have the tools needed for pipe marking, the next step is an evaluation of the pipe systems in your facility. This requires
walking through the facility to visually evaluate and document each piping system. Carry a pen, a pad of paper and a camera with you.
Use drawings of your facility’s piping systems to aid you in documenting any problems that are identified. An easy-to-use inspection
form is available in Appendix A of this guide.

Evaluation Tip What to Look For

During your pipe evaluation, make sure to document
all current pipe markers. Consider how existing
marking could be improved to better visually
communicate pipe information to workers.
Definition of Pipe
A pipe is a conduit used to convey, distribute, mix,
separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fluid
flows. A pipe system includes the pipes, plus fittings,
flanges, valves and pipe coverings. (ASME/ANSI
A13.1 (2007) standard)
When evaluating your facility, look for and pay attention to:
• Existing pipe markers
▫ Are they physically damaged, deteriorated, dirty,
discolored or in a location or condition likely to result in
future physical damage or failure?
▫ Are they accurate? (Name, flow direction, label color)
• Pipes with missing pipe markers
• New equipment
• New pipes that redirect contents to/from new equipment
• Areas where maintenance has been performed
• Traffic areas

3 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
 EVALUATION OF FACILITY

Although the ASME/ANSI standard suggests labeling

all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled in the
following situations:
• the contents of pipes could affect procedures during
emergency situations
• the contents of pipes are hazardous
• the flow direction is unknown
• the destination of the contents is unknown
• the flow needs to be redirected for maintenance
• one or more valves need to be shut off for maintenance

In conducting your inspection, use a pipe schematic and

IDENTIFY ALL PIPES, VALVES & CONTAINERS: Properly identifying piping drawings to plan your inspection. Consult your
pipes, valves and containers will aid in safety. facility’s pipe schematics to ensure accurate labeling of
contents and direction of flow.

Color Scheme Background

The contents of a pipe Fluid Service Letter Color
Color
determines the color scheme
TABLE 1 – Colors

of the pipe marker. See Fire Quenching Fluids Red White

Table 1 to ensure existing Toxic & Corrosive Fluids Orange Black
pipe markers are standard-
Flammable Fluids Yellow Black
compliant. If not, they
should be replaced. Combustible Fluids Brown White
Potable, Cooling, Boiler Feed & Other Water Green White
Compressed Air Blue White

Pipe Label Size

Outside Pipe Diameter Minimum Length of Minimum Height
The size of the pipe marker Including Covering Label Field Color of Letters
TABLE 2 – Sizes

is also an important factor.

Properly sized labels will 0.75" - 1.25" 19 - 32 mm 8" 203 mm 0.5" 13 mm
allow personnel to read
1.5" - 2" 38 - 51 mm 8" 203 mm 0.75" 19 mm
the labels at a reasonable
distance. See Table 2 to 2.5" - 6" 64 - 152 mm 12" 305 mm 1.25" 32 mm
ensure existing pipe markers 8" - 10" 203 - 254 mm 24" 610 mm 2.5" 64 mm
are standard-compliant. If
Over 10" Over 254 mm 32" 813 mm 3.5" 89 mm
not, they should be replaced.
NOTE: Pipes too small for labels should be marked with a hanging tag.

Use the Appendix A at the end of this

guide to help determine the color, size,
and quantity of labels needed.
HANGING TAG: Use a hanging pipe tag as
pictured above for pipes which are too small.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY

Standard Abbreviations
The following table provides a list of standard abbreviations that may be used on pipe markers. Abbreviations should only
be used to make the message easier to read and when it is impractical to write out the entire word or phrase.

ABED Aux. Building Equipment Drains CMPT Computed

ABEDT Aux. Building Equipment Drain Tank CNMT Containment
ABFD Aux. Building Floor Drain COM Common
ABFDT Aux. Building Floor Drain Train COMP Component
ACB Air Circuit Breaker CONC Concentration
ACK Acknowledge COND Condenser/Condensate
ACT Actuate CONDTY Conductivity
ADJ Adjust CONT Controller
AFW Auxiliary Feedwater CONT ROD Control Rod
ALM Alarm CONTR Control
AMB Ambient COR Correction
ANAL Analyzer CORR Correlation
AO(V) Air Operated (Valve) COUNT Count
AVG Average CPM Counts Per Minute
BA Boric Acid CPU Central Processing Unit
BAR Bar Graph CPUS Central Processing Units
BAT Boric Acid Tank / Battery CR Control Room
BD Blow Down CRB Chemical Recovery Boiler
BIST Bistable CROM Control Rod Drive Mechanism
BIT Boron Injection Tank CS Containment Spray
BKR Breaker CSR Cable Spreading Room
BL Black Liquid CST Condensate Storage Tank
BOP Balance of Plant CW Circulating Water
BTM Bottom CWP Circulating Water Pump
BTU British Thermal Unit CYL Cylinder
BUP Backup D/G Diesel Generator
C Centigrade (aka. Celsius) DEG Degrees
C/CB Condensate/Cond. Booster DEMIN Demineralizer
C1M Cumulative One Minute DET Detector
CAB Cabinet DEV Deviation
CAL Calibration/Calorie DIV Division
CAUS Cause DO Diesel Fuel Oil
CCW Component Cooling Water/Closed Cooling Water DOT Dirty Oil Tank
CD Condensate DSCH Discharge
CDB Condensate Booster DT Delta Temperature
CDT Chemical Drain Tank ECCS Emergency Core Cooling System
CHAM Chamber EDT Equipment Drain Tank
CHAN Channel EFCT Effect
CHNG Change EFLNT Effluent
CHRG Charging EHC Electro Hydraulic Control
CJB Cold Junction Box ELEC Electrical
CKT Circuit EQ Equipment
CL Cold Leg EQUIP Equipment
CLNG Cooling ES Extraction Steam

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 EVALUATION OF FACILITY

ESS Essential Service K Kilo

ESF Engineered Safety Feature LNG Long/Liquified Natural Gas
EXH Exhaust/Exhauster LO FLW Low Flow
EXPANS Expansion M/G Motor Generator Sets
EXTR Extracted Extractor/Extraction MAINT Maintenance
F Fahrenheit MAX Maximum
FCV Flow Control Valve MCR Main Control Room
FD Forced Draft MFP Main Feed Pump
FH Fuel Handling MIN Minutes/Minimum
FLW Flow MOIST Moisture
FO Fuel Oil MPH Miles Per Hour
FREQ Frequency MPS Miles Per Second
FRNT Front MS Main Steam/Moisture Separator
FW Feed Water MSIV Main Steam Isolation Valve
GOV Governor MSR Moisture Separator Reheater
GPM Gallons Per Minute MTR Motor
GRP Group MU Makeup
GSC Gland Steam Condenser MVBL Moveable
GV Governor Valve NAOH Sodium Hydroxide
HG(A) Mercury (absolute) NAR Narrow
HGHT Height NAR RNG Narrow Range
HIDP High Differential Pressure NBL Noble
HL Hot Leg NEG Negative
HOV Hydraulic Operated Valve NEUT Neutron
HP High Pressure NIS Nuclear Instrumentation System
HR(S) Hour NR Narrow Range
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator NUC Nuclear
HT RT Heat Rate OG Off-Gas
HTNG Heating OOS Out of Service
HU/CD Heatup/Cooldown OP Over Pressure
HUT Hold up Tank OPER Operator/Operating
HYD Hydraulic OT Over Temperature
I/P Current to Pressure OT-OP Over Temp-Over Pressure
I/V Current to Voltage OUT Output
IA Instrument Air OUTBD Outboard
ID Identification/Inside Diameter OUTLT Outlet
INBO Inboard OVERLD Overload
INC Increase OVERTEMP Over Temperature
INF Influent OVRPWR Overpower
INIT Initial PART Partial
INL Inlet PARTIC Particulate
INSERTIN Insertion PCT Percent
INST Instrument/Instantaneous PCV Pressure Control Valve
INT Internal PENET Penetration
INTERM Intermediate PMG Permanent Magnet Generator
IOD Iodine PNEU Pneumatic
ISOL Isolation PORV Power Operated Relief Valve
JUNCT Junction POS Positive

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7 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
 EVALUATION OF FACILITY

Standard Abbreviations (cont.)

POT Potentiometer SEC Second
PPB Parts per Billion SEL Select
PPM Parts per Million SEP Separator
PR58 Process Radiation Monitor 58 SERV Service
PREAMP Preamplifiers SFP Service Fuel Pump
PRG Purge SGTR Steam Generator Tube Rupture
PRI Primary SI Safety Injection
PROC Process SPEC Specification
PRT Pressurizer Relief Tank STDY Steady
PS Power Supply STNBY Standby
PSI Lbs Per Square Inch STOR Storage
PSIA Lbs Per Square Inch Absolute SUPPR Suppressed
PSIG Lbs Per Inch Gauge SUPRESS Suppression
PSIO Lbs Per Square Inch Differential SW Service Water/Switch
PT Point SWST Secondary Water Storage Tank
PTL Pull-To-Lock T/C Thermocouples
PUL Pulverizer TAMB Temperature Ambient
PW Primary Water TAVG Average Temperature
PWR RNG Power Range TB Turbine Building/Terminal Box/Block
PRV Pressure Relief Valve TC Cold Leg Temperature
PZR Pressurizer Relief Tank TCV Temperature Control Valve
RC Reactor Coolant TD Turbine Drain
RCDT Reactor Coolant Drain Tank TG Turbine Generator
RCFC Reactor Containment Fan Cooler THER Thermal
RCL Reactor Coolant Loop THRT Throttle
RCS Reactor Coolant System THST Thrust
RDT Reheater Drain Tank TREP Reference Temperature
RECOMB Recombiner TRNA Train A (B, C, etc.)
REGEN Regenerative TRNSNT Transient
REL Relative TRP Trip
RESID Residual TTD Terminal Temp. Difference
RH Residual Heat TURBS Turbines
RHR Residual Heat Removal UNCONT Uncontrolled
RHT Reheat VAC Vacuum
RLY Relay VALS Values
RNG Range/Running VAP Vapor
ROC Rate of Change VAR Variance
RTD Resistance Temp. Detector VCT Volume Control Tank
RTN Return VIB Vibration
RVLIS Reactor Vessel Level Indication System VNT Vent
RW Radwaste VOL Volume
RWST Refueling Water Storage Tank WR Wide Range
S/G Steam Generator XFR Transfer
SA Service Air XMTR Transmitter
SB Service Building

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 PIPE LABELS: Take the guess work out by using DuraLabel printers, supplies and software to quickly create and print the pipe labels you need.

LABEL CREATION
Need pipe markers? Evaluate what your facility’s needs are first. If your facility is medium-to-large in size, it may be more cost-effective
and efficient to have an industrial label printer in-house. Pipe markers, and many other industrial labels, can be custom designed and
easily printed on demand when employees have access to the right printer and supplies in their work area.

Equipment and Supplies

Preprinted pipe marker labels aren’t cheap. Facilities relying on these generic labels to mark pipes often pay more in
replacement costs due to the marker’s short life span. Because preprinted labels are generic, they may not always visually
communicate pipe information accurately. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer is an excellent option for most facility pipe
marking projects. Quality 300 dpi resolution provides crisp and clear legibility for pipe marking projects.

The DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking Kit includes:

• DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer
• DuraSuite Labeling Software (FREE)
• 2" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Orange Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Red Premium Vinyl Tape
• 2" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Orange Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Red Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4" Brown Premium Vinyl Tape
• 4.3" White Resin Ribbon
• 4.3" Black Resin Ribbon

This is the standard Pipe Marking kit. This kit can be customized!
Call 1-800-788-5572 for details.

9 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
 LABEL CREATION

Some of the special supplies that are available include:

• Cold Storage Vinyl Tape – Adhesive will stick on cold surfaces
• High-Tack Tapes – For surfaces that are not smooth
• Sign Blanks – For hot-pipe labeling where vinyl adhesive
won’t function
• Reflective Tape – For low-light settings
• Oily Surface Labels – Sticks to oily or greasy surfaces
• Marine Label Tapes – Resistant to salt water spray
• RTK Labels – To identify hazardous pipe contents
• Valve Tags - To identify pipes whose labels would be too small
for readability

Label Creation Steps (with the DuraLabel PRO 300)

Use the DuraSuite™ labeling software included with all DuraLabel PRO printers or design the required pipe labels with a
familiar word processor, such as Microsoft® Word or OpenOffice.org. The Software CD included with DuraLabel desktop
printers comes with pre-made MS Word templates and examples. The DuraLabel PRO 300 printer can print on supplies up
to 4" wide.

Using Pre-Existing Software

1. See Table 2 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the size of label and letters and adjust the page format
accordingly.
2. Type out text in capital letters, using a sans-serif font.
3. From the DuraLabel PRO 300 symbols library, insert an arrow to indicate the direction of flow of the pipe contents.
4. See Table 1 in the “Evaluation of Facility” section to determine the appropriate color of the labeling tape and ribbon. Load
the DuraLabel PRO 300 printer accordingly.
5. Print the label(s).

Using DuraSuite Automatic Pipe Marker Design

1. Open the DuraSuite™ Labeling Software.
2. Select the Pipe Marking module.
3. Select the pipe’s contents from one of the menus or
enter appropriate text & select appropriate arrows.
4. Select the pipe’s outside diameter dimension.
5. Load the printer with appropriate supplies determined by
Tables 1 & 2 in the “Facility Evaluation” section.
6. Select the number of labels & print the label(s).

DuraSuite™: Easily print pipe labels in automatic or

manual mode using DuraSuite. Choose from single
or wrap-around label layouts to comply with codes.

Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel PRO 300,
DuraPak™ battery & Mobile Print Station™ 150 XL for a complete portable option!

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 PIPE LABEL VISIBILITY: Pipe labels should be visible from all angles when standing in a facility.

LABEL PLACEMENT
Pipe marker location plays a critical role in the safety and efficiency of every facility. In many facilities, pipe systems generally have
a number of bends, penetrations, valves and possibly distribution headers. Factor these visual obstacles into your final placement
decision. Every pipe must have pipe markers that are visible from any location from which the pipe can be seen.

Labels must always be applied to clean and dry surfaces to provide lasting performance. Visually appropriate locations
often need to be cleaned of debris to create an acceptable pipe marker surface. At locations where cleaning is not an
option, DuraLabel Pipe Grabber™ sleeves may be an appropriate alternative.

Pipe markers should be placed:

• To indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one
or both ends of the label
• To be visible from the point of normal approach
• At any line entry or re-entry point
• Near valves, flanges, and changes in pipe direction
• At both sides of ceiling, wall, or floor penetrations
• At least once every 50 feet on straight pipe runs

Special Conditions for placement:

• If pipeline is located above the normal line of vision,
the label shall be placed below the horizontal center
line of the pipe to maximize visibility
• If pipeline is located below the normal line of vision,
the label shall be placed above the horizontal center
line of the pipe to maximize visibility
• Use Pipe Grabber™ Sleeves when:
▫ Pipe is very dirty and cannot be cleaned
LABEL PLACEMENT: Placement of labels will vary facility to facility
and should be applied accordingly to comply with codes. ▫ Labels won’t adhere because the pipe is covered
with rust, scale, un-lagged insulation, etc.

11 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com

Removing Old Labels
Many labels can be removed by scraping them off with
a putty knife. However, with strong labels such as labels
made using DuraLabel vinyl tapes, this can be a labor
intensive process. Heating the label with a heat gun will
speed this process.
For some applications a powered wire brush can be used
to quickly remove labels. The use of this type of tool must
take into consideration the type of surface the label is
applied to and whether that surface will be damaged.
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LABEL PLACEMENT
Another alternative is to use WD-40. After peeling up
the corner or edge of the label, spraying a generous
amount of WD-40, or any oil-based lubricant, around
the label will accelerate the separation between the
label and the application surface. The oil-based
lubricant reacts with the adhesive weakening the bond
between the label and the surface. This allows it to
come off cleanly and quickly. (This technique does
not work with DuraLabel Oily Surface Tapes.)
12
 INSPECT LABELS: Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability and for code compliance.

LABEL MAINTENANCE
Labels should be properly maintained to ensure long-life, legibility and readability. Under normal outdoor conditions labels will typically
last five to seven years. Environmental conditions can cause either a shorter or longer label life.

Labels should be inspected on a periodic basis and replaced

if missing or deteriorated. Accumulation of debris, grease,
oil, or other materials should be cleaned off.

Pipe markers are only useful if they are visible. DuraLabel

PRO supplies are chemical resistant. Solvents and cleaning
agents may be used when necessary to clean off dirt, grime,
oil, etc.

If cleaning is not possible and a label is not readable,

replace the existing label with a new one.
EVALUATE FACILITY: Replace damaged pipe labels on demand
Set up a schedule to reevaluate your facility. Refer to the
using DuraLabel printers, software & supplies.
section “Evaluation of Facility” of this guide for help.

DISCLAIMER: This guide is for general purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

13 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
 R)
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APPENDIx A – EVALUATION ChECkLIST

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NOTES:
• Use Table 1 in section “Evaluation of Facility” to determine the label color by the pipe contents.
• Use Table 2 in section “Evaluation of Facility” to determine the label size by the pipe diameter.
• The direction of the flow is either left or right relative to where the label will be applied.
• To estimate the number of labels, divide the total pipe length by 50 then increase the number for valves, penetrations, changes in direction, etc.
APPENDIx B – PIPE MARkINg gUIDES
This appendix provides pipe marking guides covering a variety of pipe locations. There are five guides provided in this appendix:

ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking

The ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking Guide provides the pipe labeling requirements that apply
to most facilities. In an industrial, institutional, and commercial building, there will be both
hazardous and non-hazardous materials flowing through many miles of pipes. According to the
ANSI/ASME A13.1 standards, pipe markers must list the contents of the pipe, the hazards it
poses, and any other important information necessary. This guides shows what information must
be on code-compliant labels, what size labels need to be, what color labels must be, and where
labels should be applied.

Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide

Ammonia is corrosive to the skin, eyes, lungs, and can be deadly at higher levels of exposure.
The Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide provides the International Institute of Ammonia
Refrigeration labeling standards for ammonia piping. The IIAR standard requires that thorough
and specific labeling be applied to all pipes that contain ammonia-based refrigerants.

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide

According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), all pipes carrying medical gasses
in Health Care Facilities must be labeled. The NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide
provides information about the NFPA 99 standards, including what should be on the label and
where the label should be placed. At minimum, medical pipe markers must include the contents,
direction of flow, and pressure. Oxygen, Vacuum, Medical Air, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrogen are
just a few of the gasses the NFPA 99 requires to be labeled.

ISO/DIS-14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide

Ships and other sea vessels use a pipe marking system that is internationally recognized. This
guide provides detailed information about the International ISO/DIS-14726 standards commonly
known as the Marine Pipe Marking Standards. (ISO/DIS 14726-2: specifies additional color
codes for more detailed identification of substances carried by pipes.)

Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide

The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides detailed information about labeling
the piping systems within facilities. The ANSI/ASME A13.1 code applies to labeling pipes
in commercial buildings. However, in some buildings it is desirable to have more detailed
information than is provided by ANSI/ASME pipe markers. For example, there are many
types of water used in a commercial building and identifying what type of water is in a pipe
is important. The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a standard used to label
pipes with the additional information.

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ANSI/ASME A13.1 PIPE MARkINg gUIDE
The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/
ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes.

COLOR CODE LETTER COLOR ON

MATERIAL PROPERTY DEFINITION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE

Fluids which are a vapor or produce vapors that can

Flammable Black on Yellow HYDROGEN
ignite and continue to burn in air.

Combustible Fluids that may burn but are not flammable. White on Brown ACETIC ACID

Toxic & Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will produce

corrosive or toxic substances.
Black on Orange NITRIC ACID
Corrosive
Water and other substances used in sprinkler fire
Fire Quenching
fighting piping systems.
White on Red HALON

Any other water except for water used in sprinkler &

Other Water White on Green BOILER WATER
fire fighting piping systems.

Any vapor or gas under pressure that does not fit a

Compressed Air White on Blue COMPRESSED AIR
category above.

Defined by User Defined by user. Black on White DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User Defined by user. Black on White DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User Defined by user. White on Purple DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User Defined by user. White on Gray DEFINED BY USER

MARKER LOCATION
Pipe markers shall be placed:
• to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• to be visible from the point of normal approach
• near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction
• both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations
• at any line entry or re-entry point
• on straight pipe runs
• every 25 ft to 50 ft

ABOVE: Label placement in relation

ABOVE: Orientation of labels to point of normal approach
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART
Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter Minimum Length of Minimum Height

Including Covering Label Field Color of Letters
.75" - 1.25" (19 - 32 mm) 8" (203 mm) .5" (13 mm)
1.5" - 2" (38 - 51 mm) 8" (203 mm) .75" (19 mm)
This guide is for general information
2.5" - 6" (64 - 152 mm) 12" (305 mm) 1.25" (32 mm) NOTE: It is recommended purposes only. It is not a substitute
8" - 10" (203 - 254 mm) 24" (610 mm) 2.5" (64 mm) that pipes less than .75" in for review of applicable standards.
diameter be labeled with a © 2011 Graphic Products, Inc.
Over 10" (Over 254 mm) 32" (813 mm) 3.5" (89 mm)
permanent tag. All Rights Reserved.

www.DuraLabel.com 1-800-788-5572 16
AMMONIA PIPE MARkINg gUIDE
The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the IIAR
(International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration) Standards.

IIAR #114 §7.0 requires the

posting of a reference chart with
pipe marking identification and
abbreviation information in an area
conspicuous to operating personnel.
Make the chart out of a durable
material for continued legibility.

1 2 3 4 5
1. ABBREVIATIONS 2. PHYSICAL STATE 4. PRESSURE LEVEL
Abbreviations for Ammonia System Components: LIQ – Liquid: Black or white printed on orange HIGH Pressure: +70 psig
Black printed on yellow VAP – Vapor: Black or white printed on blue* Black or white printed on red
LIQ/VAP: Use both if both states exist LOW Pressure: =/-70 psig
ABBREVIATION SYSTEM Black or white printed on green
BD Booster Discharge VAP LOW
CD Condenser LIQ HIGH
DC Defrost Condensate LIQ HIGH
ES Economizer Suction VAP LOW
EQ Equalizer VAP HIGH
FG Foul Gas VAP LOW
HG Hot Gas VAP HIGH
HGD Hot Gas Defrost VAP HIGH
HPL High Pressure Liquid LIQ HIGH
HSD High Stage Discharge VAP HIGH
HSS High Stage Suction VAP LOW
HTRL High Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOW
HTRS High Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP HIGH
HTS High Temperature Suction VAP LOW
LD Liquid Drain LIQ LOW
LIC Liquid Injection Cooling LIQ HIGH
LSS Low Stage Suction VAP LOW
LT Liquid Transfer LIQ LOW
LTRL Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ/VAP LOW
LTRS Low Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ LOW
LTS Low Temperature Suction VAP LOW
MTRL Medium Temperature Recirculated Liquid LIQ LOW
MTRS Medium Temperature Recirculated Suction LIQ/VAP LOW
MTS Medium Temperature Suction VAP LOW
PL Purge Line VAP HIGH
PO Pump Out — —
PU Purge LIQ HIGH
RV Relief Vent VAP HIGH
TSR Thermosyphon Return LIQ/VAP HIGH
TSS Thermosyphon Supply LIQ HIGH

3. MARKER BODY 5. FLOW DIRECTION

 Abbreviations marked with this symbol are popularly used, but non-IIAR approved.
*DuraLabel Sky Blue Premium Vinyl recommended.
“AMMONIA” printed in black on yellow Direction of flow of the system contents
is indicated by the arrows. Place arrows
PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART at one or both ends of the label.
Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter
MARKER LOCATION (IIAR #114 §5.0)
Outside Pipe Diameter Minimum Length of Minimum Height Pipe markers shall be placed:
Including Covering Label Field Color of Letters • before and after a change in piping direction
.75" - 1.25" (19 - 32 mm) 8" (203 mm) .5" (13 mm) • before and after piping penetrations (e.g. walls)
1.5" - 2" (38 - 51 mm) 8" (203 mm) .75" (19 mm) • on extended runs of pipe, with a max
2.5" - 6" (64 - 152 mm) 12" (305 mm) 1.25" (32 mm) spacing of 40 ft between markers This guide is for general information
purposes only. It is not a substitute
8" - 10" (203 - 254 mm) 24" (610 mm) 2.5" (64 mm)
• minimum of one per each area of refrigeration for review of applicable standards.
Over 10" (Over 254 mm) 32" (813 mm) 3.5" (89 mm) pipe passage (e.g. one per room) © 2011 Graphic Products, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter, be labeled with a permanent tag.

17 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
NFPA 99/CgA C-9 PIPE MARkINg gUIDE
NFPA 99 & CGA C-9 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, Pipelines & Valves for Medical Use ASME/ANSI Pipe
Identification Placement & Orientation Standards
MATERIAL PROPERTY LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR EXAMPLE

Single Gases –
Oxygen USP† White on Green OXYGEN 50-55 PSI
Carbon Dioxide† White on Gray CARBON DIOXIDE
Nitrous Oxide †
White on Blue NITROUS OXIDE
Cyclopropane‡ Black on Orange CYCLOPROPANE
Helium USP †
White on Brown HELIUM 50-55 PSI
Nitrogen NF† White on Black NITROGEN 160-200 PSI

Medical Air USP† Black on Yellow MEDICAL AIR

Instrument Air† White on Red INSTRUMENT AIR
Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD) †
White on Violet WASTE ANAESTHETIC
Black on
Laboratory Air† White/Yellow Checkerboard LABORATORY AIR
Black on White/Black
Laboratory Vacuum† Checkerboard 2
LABORATORY VACUUM

Medical-Surgical Vacuum† Black on White MEDICAL VACUUM

Gas Mixtures of Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF –
19.5% to 23.5% Oxygen‡ Black on Yellow 20% OXYGEN
80% NITROGEN
40% OXYGEN
All other Oxygen Concentrates1‡ Black AND Green 60% NITROGEN
Other Gas Mixtures –
Oxygen USP and Nitrous Oxide USP: 1‡ Not Assigned 52.5% OXYGEN
52.5% Oxygen USP, 47.5% Nitrous Oxide USP - Defined By User - 47.5% NITROUS OXIDE

Oxygen USP and Carbon Dioxide USP: 1‡ 93% OXYGEN

Gray on Green 7% CARBON DIOXIDE
≥ 93% Oxygen USP, remainder Carbon Dioxide USP
Oxygen USP and Helium USP: 1‡ 20% OXYGEN
Green on Brown 80% HELIUM
≥ 20% Oxygen USP, remainder Helium USP
1
Use the background colors of the Single Gases. For Other Gas Mixture Pipe Labels, use the major gas for label color and use the minor gas color for text color.
2 †Complies to NFPA 99 color marking standards. ‡ Complies to CGA C-9 color marking standards.
Use a white box with a black outline behind the text.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

• to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction
• to be visible from the point of normal approach
• both sides of ceiling, wall, partitions or floor penetrations
• at least once in or above every room
• on straight pipe runs, at intervals of not more than 20 ft
• at least once in every story height traversed by risers

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART ABOVE: Orientation of labels

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter Minimum Length of Minimum Height ABOVE: Label placement in relation
to point of normal approach
Including Covering Label Field Color of Letters
.75" - 1.25" (19 - 32 mm) 8" (203 mm) .5" (13 mm)
1.5" - 2" (38 - 51 mm) 8" (203 mm) .75" (19 mm) This guide is for general information only.
NOTE: It is
2.5" - 6" (64 - 152 mm) 12" (305 mm) 1.25" (32 mm) recommended that
Not intended to be used in place of CGA C-9,
8" - 10" (203 - 254 mm) 24" (610 mm) 2.5" (64 mm) pipes less than .75" in NFPA 99 or ASME/ANSI standards.
diameter, be labeled © 2011 Graphic Products, Inc.
Over 10" (Over 254 mm) 32" (813 mm) 3.5" (89 mm)
with a permanent tag All Rights Reserved.

www.DuraLabel.com 1-800-788-5572 18
ISO/DIS 14726 SEA VESSEL & MARINE PIPE MARkINg gUIDE
Identification of Colors for the Content of the Piping Systems according to ISO/DIS 14726
Main Color Main Colors: for group of similar substance
(yellow)
• applied as an adhesive tape or sign
• painted on to the pipeline in transverse stripes
• painted on the pipeline on the total length
• width is wider than the additional color marking
Additional Color (blue)
Additional Colors: for specific substance
• should be surrounded by the main color
• width needs to be less than the main color marking width
Additional color markings may be added adjacent to a main color marking
on a pipe, when necessary, to distinguish between pipes marked with the
same main color listed, but carrying different types of medium.
Example: a pipe carrying diesel fuel oil and a pipe carrying heavy fuel oil.

Fuel (brown) Sea Water (green) Oils other than Fuels (orange)
Heavy Fuel (HFO) Decontamination Water Used Oil (Not Contaminated)
Aviation Fuel Sanitary Sea Water Thermal Fluid
Biological Fuel Ballast Water Lubrication Oil for Gas Turbines
Gas-Turbine Fuel Cooling Sea Water Hydraulic Fluid
Diesel Fuel (MDO) For ships mixed with navigation (sea-river ships) all outside waters Lubrication Oil for Steam Turbines
Lubrication Oil for Gears
Flammable Gases (yellow) Steam (silver) Lubrication Oil for Internal
Hydrogen Steam for Heating Purposes Combustion Engines

Acetylene Exhaust Steam Fresh Water (blue)

Liquid Gas Supply Steam Sanitary Fresh Water
Potable Water
Waste Media (black) Fire Fighting/Fire Protection (red) Distillate
Black Water Fire-Fighting Water Gas-Turbine Wash Water
Waste Oil/Used Oil Fire-Fighting Gas Feed Water
Bilge Water Sprinkler Water Cooling Fresh Water
Exhaust Spray Water Chilled Water
Grey Water Fire-Fighting Powder Condensate
Sewage, contaminated Fire-Fighting Foam
Acids, Alkalis (violet)
Air & Sounding Pipes (maroon) Air in Ventilation Systems (white)
Waste Media Discharge Air Non-Flammable Gases (grey)
Fresh Water Cold Mechanical Supply Air Oxygen

Fuel Natural Exhaust Inert Gas

Sea Water Atmospheric Air Nitrogen

Non-Flammable Gases Mechanical Exhaust Air Refrigerant

Oil other than fuels Decontaminated Supply Air Compressed Air LP (low pressure)

Steam Mechanical Recirculated Air Compressed Air HP (high pressure)

Fire Fighting Warm Mechanical Supply Air Control Air/Regulating Air

Acids, Alkalis Smoke Clearance Breathing Air a

Ventilation System Conditioned Supply Air Breathing Gas a

a This marking is used in submarines for distribution
Flammable Gases Natural Supply Air systems of breathing air from cylinders

MARKING OF PIPES MARKER LOCATION

• pipes with more than 200 mm outer diameter, label makes up
about half the circumference of the pipe
• pipes with 200 mm outer diameter or less, label makes up
the entire circumference of the pipe
• label bundled pipes individually
• arrows pointing in direction of flow
• pipes with flow in opposite directions at different times may
be marked with arrows pointing in opposite directions
• additional text to signify unambiguously the content and/or
function of the pipe
• color stripes need to be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe
Pipe markers shall be placed:
• at each penetration point in bulkheads, walls & decks
• every 3-5 meters of pipe length unless more frequent making is
needed due to pipe bends or proximity to other pipe sources.
• around the entire circumference of the pipe for 200 mm
diameter pipes (adhered at their ends by overtaping)
• once in each room
• close to each valve
This guide is for general information purposes only. It
is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
© 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

19 1-800-788-5572 www.DuraLabel.com
COMMERCIAL BUILDINg PIPE MARkINg gUIDE
The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the ANSI/
ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes. A copy of ANSI/ASME A13.1-2007 Standards is needed.
ABBR. SERVICE TYPE PIPE LABEL VALVE TAG BAND COLOR BACKGROUND AND LETTERING COLORS
CHWR Chilled Water Return CHWR (BLDG.)-CHV-##
BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
CHWS Chilled Water Supply CHWS (BLDG.)-CHV-##
CWR Condenser Water Return CWR (BLDG.)-CWV-##
GREEN GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
CWS Condenser Water Supply CWS (BLDG.)-CWV-##
CWGLR Chilled Water Glycol Return CWGLR (BLDG.)-CGLV-##
CWGLS Chilled Water Glycol Supply CWGLS (BLDG.)-CGLV-##
GOLD GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
HWGLR Hot Water Glycol Return HWGLR (BLDG.)-HGLV-##
HWGLS Hot Water Glycol Supply HWGLS (BLDG.)-HGLV-##
CTYW City Water CITY WATER (BLDG.)-CTWV-##
DCWR Domestic Cold Water Return DCWR (BLDG.)-DCV-##
DCWS Domestic Cold Water Supply DCWS (BLDG.)-DCV-## LIGHT BLUE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
DHWR Domestic Hot Water Return DHWR (BLDG.)-DHV-##
DHWS Domestic Hot Water Supply DHWS (BLDG.)-DHV-##
DRAIN Drains* DRAIN (BLDG.)-DRAIN-## BROWN REFER TO ANSI STANDARDS BELOW
DTR Dual Temp Return DTR (BLDG.)-DTV-##
BLACK GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
DTS Dual Temp Supply DTS (BLDG.)-DTV-##
FO Fuel Oil FO (BLDG.)-FOV-## WHITE YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
HPR Heat Pump Return HPR (BLDG.)-HPV-##
TEAL GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
HPS Heat Pump Supply HPS (BLDG.)-HPV-##
LTHWR Low-Temp Hot Water Return LTHWR (BLDG.)-HWV-##
YELLOW GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
LTHWS Low-Temp Hot Water Supply LTHWS (BLDG.)-HWV-##
MTHWR Medium-Temp Hot Water Return MTHWR (BLDG.)-MTV-##
ORANGE GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
MTHWS Medium-Temp Hot Water Supply MTHWS (BLDG.)-MTV-##
HTHWR High-Temp Hot Water Return HTHWR (BLDG.)-HTV-##
RED GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
HTHWS High-Temp Hot Water Supply HTHWS (BLDG.)-HTV-##
STM Steam STEAM (BLDG.)-STV-##
PINK YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
COND Condensate COND (BLDG.)-CNDV-##
NG Natural Gas GAS (BLDG.)-GASV-## GRAY YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
CA Compressed Air COMP AIR (BLDG.)-CAV-##
PURPLE BLUE BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
VAC Vacuum VACUUM (BLDG.)-VACV-##
NOTE: Valve Tags need to comply with ANSI standards. Pipe Labels should be near valve to identify pipe content.
*There are no standards for Drains. Follow ANSI Standards for background and letter colors; abbreviations may vary by facility.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

• to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
• to be visible from the point of normal approach RIGHT:
• near valves, flanges & changes in pipe direction Orientation
• both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations of labels
• at any line entry or re-entry point
• every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical*
• on straight pipe runs in intervals sufficient for identification
• Ammonia Only: minimum of 1 per area through which the refrigeration piping passes
*Every 40 feet for Ammonia pipe marking

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART RIGHT: Label

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter placement in
relation to point of
Outside Pipe Diameter Minimum Length of Minimum Height normal approach
Including Covering Label Field Color of Letters
.75" - 1.25" (19 - 32 mm) 8" (203 mm) .5" (13 mm)
1.5" - 2" (38 - 51 mm) 8" (203 mm) .75" (19 mm)
NOTE: It is The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides
2.5" - 6" (64 - 152 mm) 12" (305 mm) 1.25" (32 mm) recommended that a suggested standard used to label pipes with additional
8" - 10" (203 - 254 mm) 24" (610 mm) 2.5" (64 mm) pipes less than .75" in information. This guide is for general information purposes
diameter, be labeled only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
Over 10" (Over 254 mm) 32" (813 mm) 3.5" (89 mm) with a permanent tag © 2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

www.DuraLabel.com 1-800-788-5572 20
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that’s capable of powering three hours
of continuous printing. When you’re
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to move to the next job.

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