History of Medicine

2nd Exam Notes - TMS

Pre-Hispanic Philippines
Cause of Illness
!. Masamang hangin
○ Pantanda
○ Pasma
○ Sikmura
○ Lagnat
○ Nawalan ng bait
#. Bisa
○ What causes the disease is its cure
$. Binary system of opposition
○ Hot elements cause skin diseases
◆ Galis
◆ Bulutong
◆ Tagulabay
○ Cold elements cause musculoskeletal/digestive/respiratory illness
◆ Trangkaso
◆ Pagtatae
◆ Rayuma
%. Michael Tan
○ Contagion/pollution - bisa, galing, lakas
○ Retribution - punishment from supernatural entities
○ Fate - astrological signs, guhit ng palad
○ Soul loss - soul wanders around on its own

Classification of Diseases
!. Natural discomforts
○ Visible physical affliction
○ Chronic disorders
○ Changes in the environment
#. Innate disorders
○ Inherited
○ Mental ailments
○ Emotional troubles
$. Supernatural maladies
 ○ Caused by metaphysical entities

Kalusugan
!. Mabuti ang katawan - free from emotional/mental illness
#. Matipuno ang katawan - able body, sound mind, emotional stability
$. Malusog ang katawan - ability to live and work free from physical impairment

Pulse Taking
!. Frequency - rate of heartbeat
#. Regulatory - rhythm
$. Amplitude - level at which pulse beats are registered
%. Fingers
○ Hinlalaki - all parts of the body especially the heart
○ Hintuturo - head/neck
○ Dato - chest/upper stomach
○ Dumalaga - stomach/lower extremities
○ Kalingkingan - balance to hinlalaki

Hygiene in the Visayas

!. Kulkug - ear cleaner
#. Silat - toothbrush
$. Bobho - anti-dandruff shampoo
%. Puno - comb for removing parasites
K. Gugo - shampoo (has high glycerin content)
L. Katman - conditioner

Why would there be a need for a patient to appease the natural elements before
being brought to the hospital? (Nature controls technology)

Spanish Era:
Early Hospitals
!. Hospital de Santa Ana de Naturales (1577-1583)
○ Built by Fr. Juan Clemente
○ Rebuilt by Fr. Juan Fernandez de Leon
#. Hermandad de Santa Misericordia
○ Fr. Marcos de Lisboa
 $. Hospital de Santa Misericordia (destroyed in 1655)
○ Built by the former
%. Hospital de San Juan de Dios
○ Hernando Ponce de Virues

!. Hospital de San Lazaro (1603)

#. Royal Hospital (1636)
$. Hospital at Dilao and Balete (1678-1783)
%. Hospital at Hacienda de Mayhaligue (1786)

Medicinal Plants Scholars

!. Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina, S.J. - described Visayan flora and medical
relevance
#. Fr. Jose de Valencia, O.S.F. - described various roots and herbs and
medicinal properties
$. Fr. Pablo Clain, S.J. - easy remedies; differentiated diseases caused by hot/
cold
%. Fr. Juan Delgado, S.J. - described medicinal properties of trees, palms,
herbs, vines
K. Fr. Fernando de Sta. Maria, O.P. - manual on household remedies used by
natives

Courses in UST
!. Medicine
#. Pharmacy
$. Midwifery

Pharmacies
!. Botica Zobel
#. Botica Boie

American Era:
Dr. Guy Edie - first Commissioner of Health
Dr. Frank Bournes - first US Head of Military Board of Health, Chief Surgeon, first
public health official
Insular Board of Health
!. Colonel LM Maus (1901) - first Commissioner of Public Health, head of IBH
#. Act No. 57 (1901) - creation of Board of Health
$. Act No. 156 (1901) - creation of Bureau of Government Laboratories

Bureau of Health
!. Act No. 1407 (October 26, 1905) - Bureau of Health takes over Board of
Health; Bureau of Science takes over Bureau of Government Laboratories
#. Dr. Victor Heisser - effected compulsory vaccination for smallpox, cholera
$. Act No. 1458 (February 21, 1906) - Cemetery Law; maintenance of (what do
you think?)
%. Act No. 1711 (1907) - Leper Law; compulsory apprehension, detention, and
segregation of lepers at Cullion Leper Colony
K. Dr. Vicente de Jesus (January 1905) - first Filipino Chief of Health

UP College of Medicine
!. 1905 - Dean Worcester built UPCMS using blueprints of Johns Hopkins
University
#. 1907 - opening of Philippine Medical School

Philippine General Hospital

!. Philippine Commission Act 1668 (August 17, 1907) - establishment of the
idea of PGH, with a fund of Php 1M
#. September 1, 1910 - grand opening
$. 1915 - establishment of the Philippine School of Nursing (Philippine Training
Schools for Nurses of PGH)

Dental Schools
!. 1908 - Sociedad Dental de Filipinas
#. 1912 - Colegio Dental del Liceo de Manila (renamed Philippine Dental
College)
$. 1915 - UP College of Dentistry
%. 1925 - National University
K. 1925 - Centro Escolar University
L. 1929 - Manila College of Dentistry

Civic Action in Child Welfare Activities

 !. La Gota de Leche
#. La Liga Nacional para Proteccion de la Infancia
$. Assocacion de Damas Filipinas
%. Womenʼs Club of Manila

Significant Events
!. November 9, 1920 - six-bed clinic of Dr. Jose Fabella (later named Fabella
Memorial Hospital)
#. July 29, 1910 - Mrs. Martin Egan established the Philippine Tuberculosis
Society; aims to control spread of TB, reduce number of deaths
$. 1911 - San Juan del Monte Sanatorium (renamed Quezon Institute) for TB; first
head is Dr. Andreas Trepp/e
%. 1932 - establishment of the UP College of Public Health with Dr. Hilario Lara
as dean
K. April 1, 1948 - Executive Order 94 (Establishment of Public Health
Department with Antonio C. Villarama as Secretary of Health)

Mercado Mixture
!. Eleodoro Mercado (1906) - anti-tuberculosis (75% degree of improvement or
bacteriolytic effect when mixed with sodium morrhuate)
#. Ingredients
○ 10% camphorated oil
○ 60 mL chaulmogra oil
○ 4 g of resorcin
○ 2.5 mL of purified ether
○ catalyst