We calculate the mean (add up and divide by the count) using the AVERAGE function so that we can have 1

1) number that represents all the data points!

But how do we know whether our mean represents all the data points fairly? Is it a good mean? Measuring
2) the variation in the data points will tell us whether our mean is a good mean!
We will look at the functions STDEV (standard deviation for a sample), VAR (variance for a sample), and
3) AVEDEV (mean deviation for the sample).
The smaller the results from these formulas, the better the mean represents it's data points ("it is a good
4) mean!").

Sales Dept 1 Sales Dept 2

Sales Dept 1 Average D1 Sales Dept 2 Average D2
242.00 500.00
250.00 230.00
289.00 364.00
294.00 172.00
310.00 130.00
157.00 107.00
348.00 290.00
287.00 122.00
321.00 457.00
275.00 447.00
384.00 321.00
316.00 378.00
318.00 375.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00
269.00 100.00
290.00 357.00 Sales Dept 1 Sales Dept 2
290.00 290.00 Variance
Standard Deviation
Mean Deviation
unction so that we can have 1

s it a good mean? Measuring

a good mean!
variance for a sample), and

it's data points ("it is a good

es Dept 2 Average D2

00 400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00

Sales Dept 1 Y values Sales Dept 1 Y values
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
2.00 3.00
Sales Dept 2 Y values Sales Dept 2 Y values
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
5.00 6.00
Invoice Due Date 1/1/2008
Today's Date 1 Keyboard Shortcut For Today's Date Is Ctrl + ;

Date Math: Days Between Dates = Later Date - Earlier

Date. Keyboard Short To Get Rid Of Number Format Is
Days Past Due 2 Ctrl + Shift + ~
Remember: If You Subtract The Later Date From The
3 Earlier Date You Will See The Error: ######
Loan Issue Date 1/1/2008

Loan Term (Days) 90

Date Math: Add Days To A Date = Date Cell + Number
Due Date 4 Of Days Cell

Your Birthday 11/1/1962

The Function That Always Puts Today's Date
Today 5 Whenever You Open Your Workbook Is =Today()
Days Alive 6 Days Between Dates = Later Date - Earlier Date
Years Alive 7 Dividing Days By 365.25 Gives You Years
1) Keyboard shortcut for naming a vertical range that has a header is Ctrl + Shift + F3
2) The SUMIF function adds given 1 condition
3) The COUNTIF function counts given 1 condition

Date Sales Rep Sales

1/1/2008 Your Name $2,634.20 Condition:
1/2/2008 Chin $2,181.33 SUMIF Your Name
1/3/2008 Chin $4,300.07 COUNTIF Your Name
1/4/2008 Isaac $6,385.68
1/7/2008 Your Name $8,142.39
1/8/2008 Your Name $5,833.24
1/9/2008 Suix $3,658.15
1/10/2008 Chin $4,612.70
1/11/2008 Suix $4,832.26
1/14/2008 Your Name $8,618.30
1/15/2008 Chin $9,953.54
1/16/2008 Your Name $6,181.02
1/17/2008 Suix $2,973.27
1/18/2008 Suix $6,226.34
1/21/2008 Isaac $1,163.02
1) The keyboard shortcut for the Find dialog box is Ctrl + F
2) The options button in the Find dialog box allows us to find formatting
Once you find the Formatting, click in the list of cells and select all the cells with the
3) keyboard shortcut Ctrl + A
4) Close the Find dialog box and all the cells with that formatting are selected
5) This trick works with cell content and formulas also.

Date Sales Rep Sales

1/1/2008 Your Name $2,634.20 Condition:
1/2/2008 Chin $2,181.33 SUMIF $31,409.15 Your Name
1/3/2008 Chin $4,300.07 COUNTIF 4 Suix
1/4/2008 Isaac $6,385.68
1/7/2008 Your Name $8,142.39
1/8/2008 Your Name $5,833.24 $31,409.15
1/9/2008 Suix $3,658.15
1/10/2008 Chin $4,612.70
1/11/2008 Suix $4,832.26
1/14/2008 Your Name $8,618.30
1/15/2008 Chin $9,953.54
1/16/2008 Your Name $6,181.02
1/17/2008 Suix $2,973.27
1/18/2008 Suix $6,226.34
1/21/2008 Isaac $1,163.02
$77,695.51
 The SUMIF function adds given 1 condition. For greater than use the & symbol
1) to join the greater than symbol and the hurdle number.
The COUNTIF function counts given 1 condition. For greater than use the &
2) symbol to join the greater than symbol and the hurdle number.

Date Sales Rep Sales Condition:

1/1/2008 Your Name $2,634.20 SUMIF 5000
1/2/2008 Chin $2,181.33 COUNTIF 5000
1/3/2008 Chin $4,300.07
1/4/2008 Isaac $6,385.68
1/7/2008 Your Name $8,142.39
1/8/2008 Your Name $5,833.24
1/9/2008 Suix $3,658.15
1/10/2008 Chin $4,612.70
1/11/2008 Suix $4,832.26
1/14/2008 Your Name $8,618.30
1/15/2008 Chin $9,953.54
1/16/2008 Your Name $6,181.02
1/17/2008 Suix $2,973.27
1/18/2008 Suix $6,226.34
1/21/2008 Isaac $1,163.02
1) The function RAND() generates random numbers between 0 and 1.
2) You can use the RAND function to randomly sort a table of data

Rand Sort Names Field

Joe Management
Fred Quality Control
George Operations
Isaac Human Resources
Chin Accounting
Timmy Shipping
Miki Receiving
Yu Planning
Fred Maintenance
Shelia Customer Relations
Suix Repair
Fran Marketing
 The function RANDBETWEEN generates random numbers between a bottom and top
number. In Excel 2007 the function is in Excel by default. In Excel 2003 you must go to
1) the Tools menu, click on Add-ins, then add-in the Analysis Toolpak.

Name Randomly Assigned Number

Joe
Fred
George
Isaac
Chin
Timmy
Miki
Yu
Fred
Shelia
Suix
Fran
1) The ROW function tells you what row the formula is in
The CHAR function takes a number and tells you what character Excel thinks the
2) Number represents
The formula =CHAR(ROW()) is a quick way to see that Excel thinks the number
3) 65 is A and the Number 90 is Z.

The function RANDBETWEEN generates random numbers between a bottom

and top number. In Excel 2007 the function is in Excel by default. In Excel 2003
you must go to the Tools menu, click on Add-ins, then add-in the Analysis
4) Toolpak.

5) The formula =CHAR(RANDBETWEEN(65,65+26)) will randomly generate letters

You randomly generate letters and numbers together by using the Ampersand
with this formula:
=CHAR(RANDBETWEEN(65,65+26))&CHAR(RANDBETWEEN(65,65+26))&CHAR(R
6) ANDBETWEEN(65,65+26))&RANDBETWEEN(100,999)

Randomly Generate
Randomly Generate Letters and Numbers
Letters Together
 The function RANDBETWEEN generates random numbers between a bottom and top
number. In Excel 2007 the function is in Excel by default. In Excel 2003 you must go to the
1) Tools menu, click on Add-ins, then add-in the Analysis Toolpak.
2) Use the CHOOSE function to choose from a list of words
With RANDBETWEEN as the first argument in the CHOOSE function, you can randomly
3) select from a list of words

Randomly select words

1) Use the fill handle to copy a whole table with formatting and formulas

Account: 1001 Jan

Total Sales
Date Item Debit Credit
Debit Credit 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Total: 7
1) The BINOMDIST function finds the probability that an event in a binomial experiment oc
2) Below you can see 4 examples of how to do this.

3) If you use 0 as your 4th argument, it calculates the probability of exactly X. If you use 1 as your 4th argument, it calculates

n = # of homes randomly sampled 9

pi = probability that home has large screen TV 0.7
x= 9
x< 5
x> 5
X >= 7

x= 9
P(x = 9) =

Binomial Experiment, n = 9, pi =0.7

P
(
X 0.3
)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 Successes
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

x> 5
P(x > 5) =

Binomial Experiment, n = 9, pi =0.7

P
(
X 0.3
)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 Successes
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Is this a binomial experiment? 1 Random Variable counts the number of success
2 Are results of Trials independent of any other r
3 Does each Trial result in a success or Failure?
4 Probability of success is same for each Trial

Random Variable X P(x) P(x = 9) =

0 0.000019683
1 0.000413343
2 0.003857868
3 0.021003948
4 0.073513818
5 0.171532242
6 0.266827932
7 0.266827932
8 0.155649627
9 0.040353607 0.04035361
bility that an event in a binomial experiment occurs
4 examples of how to do this.

If you use 1 as your 4th argument, it calculates the probability from 0 to your X value.

x< 5 check
P(x < 5) = 0.040354

Binomial Experiment, n = 9, pi =0.7

P
(
X 0.3
)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 Successes
3 4 5 6 7 8 9

X >= 7 check
P(X >= 7) = 0.729659

Binomial Experiment, n = 9, pi =0.7

P
(
X 0.3
)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 Successes
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
andom Variable counts the number of success in a Fixed # of Trials?
re results of Trials independent of any other result? (1 result does not affect another?)
oes each Trial result in a success or Failure?
robability of success is same for each Trial

P(x < 5) = P(x > 5) = P(X >= 7) =

0.000019683
0.000413343
0.003857868
0.021003948
0.073513818

0.266827932
0.266827932 0.26682793
0.155649627 0.15564963
0.040353607 0.04035361
check
0.098809

check
0.462831
Yes
Yes
Yes success = has large screen TV
Yes
 The NORMDIST function is Excel allows you to find the area between 2 X values. But the area is just PROBABILITY!! So this m
1) we could fine an X value between two other X values.
2) Below you can see an example of each of the 4 possible areas that we might be required to

3) When you use 1 as the 4th argument, The key idea to the NORMDIST function is that it finds the area (probability) from ne

Normal Distribution for Cereal Box Weight

Population Mean = Mu 300.00 grams
Population Standard Deviation = Sigma 3.50 grams

Upper X 305.00 grams

Lower X 300.00 grams
P(305 < X < 300) =

Cereal Box, Mean = 300 g, SD = 3.5 g

0.15
P 0.1
r
o 0.05
b
a 0
b
289.6
291.4
293.2

300.4
302.2

305.8
307.6
309.4
311.2
287.8

296.8
298.6
286

295

304

313

i
l Cereal Box Weight
i
t
y
Population Mean = Mu 300.00 grams
Population Standard Deviation = Sigma 3.50 grams
Upper X 297.50 grams
P(X < 297.5) =

Cereal Box, Mean = 300 g, SD = 3.5 g

0.15
P 0.1
r
o 0.05
b
a 0
b
287.8

291.4

296.8

30 0.4

307.6

311.2
289.6

293.2

298.6

302.2

305.8

309.4
286

295

304

313

i
l Cereal Box Weight
i
t
y

Normal Distribution for Cereal Box Weight

Population Mean = Mu 300 grams
Population Standard Deviation = Sigma 3.5 grams
Start # 286
Increment 0.1
 P(305 <
X < 300)
X P(X) =
286 3.82372073614E-05 0
286.1 4.284918423979E-05 0
286.2 4.797825232976E-05 0
286.3 5.367743614716E-05 0
286.4 6.000460451308E-05 0
286.5 6.702284598102E-05 0
286.6 7.480086614767E-05 0
286.7 8.3413407369E-05 0
286.8 9.294169132949E-05 0
286.9 0.0001034739 0
287 0.0001151056 0
287.1 0.0001279404 0
287.2 0.0001420902 0
287.3 0.0001576762 0
287.4 0.0001748291 0
287.5 0.0001936898 0
287.6 0.0002144101 0
287.7 0.0002371534 0
287.8 0.000262095 0
287.9 0.0002894234 0
288 0.0003193405 0
288.1 0.0003520626 0
288.2 0.0003878209 0
288.3 0.0004268626 0
288.4 0.0004694511 0
288.5 0.0005158675 0
288.6 0.0005664106 0
288.7 0.0006213983 0
288.8 0.0006811681 0
288.9 0.0007460775 0
289 0.0008165054 0
289.1 0.0008928524 0
289.2 0.0009755415 0
289.3 0.0010650189 0
289.4 0.0011617545 0
289.5 0.0012662424 0
289.6 0.0013790018 0
289.7 0.001500577 0
289.8 0.0016315381 0
289.9 0.0017724811 0
290 0.0019240284 0
290.1 0.0020868288 0
290.2 0.0022615576 0
290.3 0.0024489163 0
290.4 0.002649633 0
290.5 0.0028644613 0
290.6 0.0030941807 0
290.7 0.0033395955 0
290.8 0.0036015341 0
290.9 0.0038808484 0
291 0.0041784122 0
291.1 0.0044951208 0
291.2 0.0048318888 0
291.3 0.0051896488 0
291.4 0.0055693495 0
291.5 0.0059719541 0
291.6 0.0063984372 0
291.7 0.0068497835 0
291.8 0.0073269841 0
291.9 0.0078310343 0
292 0.0083629303 0
292.1 0.0089236659 0
292.2 0.009514229 0
292.3 0.010135598 0
292.4 0.0107887374 0
292.5 0.0114745944 0
292.6 0.012194094 0
292.7 0.0129481347 0
292.8 0.0137375837 0
292.9 0.0145632722 0
293 0.0154259904 0
293.1 0.0163264823 0
293.2 0.0172654404 0
293.3 0.0182435005 0
293.4 0.0192612363 0
293.5 0.0203191539 0
293.6 0.0214176863 0
293.7 0.0225571881 0
293.8 0.0237379299 0
293.9 0.0249600929 0
294 0.026223764 0
294.1 0.02752893 0
294.2 0.0288754731 0
294.3 0.030263166 0
294.4 0.0316916671 0
294.5 0.0331605163 0
294.6 0.034669131 0
294.7 0.0362168024 0
294.8 0.0378026917 0
294.9 0.0394258276 0
295 0.0410851036 0
295.1 0.0427792759 0
295.2 0.0445069615 0
295.3 0.0462666373 0
295.4 0.0480566396 0
295.5 0.0498751641 0
295.6 0.0517202659 0
295.7 0.0535898615 0
295.8 0.05548173 0
295.9 0.0573935156 0
296 0.0593227309 0
296.1 0.0612667604 0
296.2 0.0632228649 0
296.3 0.0651881867 0
296.4 0.0671597551 0
296.5 0.0691344927 0
296.6 0.0711092227 0
296.7 0.073080676 0
296.8 0.0750454998 0
296.9 0.0770002662 0
297 0.0789414816 0
297.1 0.0808655963 0
297.2 0.0827690151 0
297.3 0.0846481079 0
297.4 0.0864992212 0
297.5 0.0883186888 0
297.6 0.0901028447 0
297.7 0.0918480343 0
297.8 0.0935506272 0
297.9 0.0952070294 0
298 0.0968136959 0
298.1 0.0983671433 0
298.2 0.0998639619 0
298.3 0.1013008289 0
298.4 0.1026745196 0
298.5 0.1039819205 0
298.6 0.1052200401 0
298.7 0.1063860209 0
298.8 0.10747715 0
298.9 0.10849087 0
299 0.1094247886 0
299.1 0.110276688 0
299.2 0.111044534 0
299.3 0.111726484 0
299.4 0.112320894 0
299.5 0.1128263257 0
299.6 0.1132415519 0
299.7 0.1135655619 0
299.8 0.113797565 0
299.9 0.1139369943 0
300 0.1139835087 0
300.1 0.1139369943 0.11394
300.2 0.113797565 0.1138
300.3 0.1135655619 0.11357
300.4 0.1132415519 0.11324
300.5 0.1128263257 0.11283
300.6 0.112320894 0.11232
300.7 0.111726484 0.11173
300.8 0.111044534 0.11104
300.9 0.110276688 0.11028
301 0.1094247886 0.10942
301.1 0.10849087 0.10849
301.2 0.10747715 0.10748
301.3 0.1063860209 0.10639
301.4 0.1052200401 0.10522
301.5 0.1039819205 0.10398
301.6 0.1026745196 0.10267
301.7 0.1013008289 0.1013
301.8 0.0998639619 0.09986
301.9 0.0983671433 0.09837
302 0.0968136959 0.09681
302.1 0.0952070294 0.09521
302.2 0.0935506272 0.09355
302.3 0.0918480343 0.09185
302.4 0.0901028447 0.0901
302.5 0.0883186888 0.08832
302.6 0.0864992212 0.0865
302.7 0.0846481079 0.08465
302.8 0.0827690151 0.08277
302.9 0.0808655963 0.08087
303 0.0789414816 0.07894
303.1 0.0770002662 0.077
303.2 0.0750454998 0.07505
303.3 0.073080676 0.07308
303.4 0.0711092227 0.07111
303.5 0.0691344927 0.06913
303.6 0.0671597551 0.06716
303.7 0.0651881867 0.06519
303.8 0.0632228649 0.06322
303.9 0.0612667604 0.06127
304 0.0593227309 0.05932
304.1 0.0573935156 0.05739
304.2 0.05548173 0.05548
304.3 0.0535898615 0.05359
304.4 0.0517202659 0.05172
304.5 0.0498751641 0.04988
304.6 0.0480566396 0.04806
304.7 0.0462666373 0.04627
304.8 0.0445069614 0.04451
304.9 0.0427792759 0.04278
305 0.0410851036 0.04109
305.1 0.0394258276 0
305.2 0.0378026917 0
305.3 0.0362168024 0
305.4 0.034669131 0
305.5 0.0331605163 0
305.6 0.0316916671 0
305.7 0.030263166 0
305.8 0.0288754731 0
305.9 0.02752893 0
306 0.026223764 0
306.1 0.0249600929 0
306.2 0.0237379299 0
306.3 0.0225571881 0
306.4 0.0214176863 0
306.5 0.0203191539 0
306.6 0.0192612363 0
306.7 0.0182435005 0
306.8 0.0172654404 0
306.9 0.0163264823 0
307 0.0154259904 0
307.1 0.0145632722 0
307.2 0.0137375837 0
307.3 0.0129481347 0
307.4 0.012194094 0
307.5 0.0114745944 0
307.6 0.0107887374 0
307.7 0.010135598 0
307.8 0.009514229 0
307.9 0.0089236659 0
308 0.0083629303 0
308.1 0.0078310343 0
308.2 0.0073269841 0
308.3 0.0068497835 0
308.4 0.0063984372 0
308.5 0.0059719541 0
308.6 0.0055693495 0
308.7 0.0051896488 0
308.8 0.0048318888 0
308.9 0.0044951208 0
309 0.0041784122 0
309.1 0.0038808484 0
309.2 0.0036015341 0
309.3 0.0033395955 0
309.4 0.0030941807 0
309.5 0.0028644613 0
309.6 0.002649633 0
309.7 0.0024489163 0
309.8 0.0022615576 0
309.9 0.0020868288 0
310 0.0019240284 0
310.1 0.0017724811 0
310.2 0.0016315381 0
310.3 0.001500577 0
310.4 0.0013790018 0
310.5 0.0012662424 0
310.6 0.0011617545 0
310.7 0.0010650189 0
310.8 0.0009755415 0
310.9 0.0008928524 0
311 0.0008165054 0
311.1 0.0007460775 0
311.2 0.0006811681 0
311.3 0.0006213983 0
311.4 0.0005664106 0
311.5 0.0005158675 0
311.6 0.0004694511 0
311.7 0.0004268626 0
311.8 0.0003878209 0
311.9 0.0003520626 0
312 0.0003193405 0
312.1 0.0002894234 0
312.2 0.000262095 0
312.3 0.0002371534 0
312.4 0.0002144101 0
312.5 0.0001936898 0
312.6 0.0001748291 0
312.7 0.0001576762 0
312.8 0.0001420902 0
312.9 0.0001279404 0
313 0.0001151056 0
313.1 0.0001034739 0
313.2 9.294169132885E-05 0
313.3 8.341340736843E-05 0
313.4 7.480086614715E-05 0
313.5 6.702284598055E-05 0
313.6 6.000460451266E-05 0
313.7 5.367743614678E-05 0
313.8 4.797825232942E-05 0
313.9 4.284918423948E-05 0
314 3.823720736112E-05 0
n 2 X values. But the area is just PROBABILITY!! So this means we can find the Probability that
an X value between two other X values.
ach of the 4 possible areas that we might be required to find!

T function is that it finds the area (probability) from negative infinity to your selected x value.

Population Mean = Mu 300.00 grams

Population Standard Deviation = Sigma 3.50 grams
Upper X 300.00 grams
Lower X 296.00 grams
P(300 < X < 296) =

Cereal Box, Mean = 300 g, SD = 3.5 g

0.15
P 0.1
r
o 0.05
b
a 0
b
289.6

293.2

296.8

300.4

307.6

311.2
287.8

291.4

298.6

302.2

305.8

309.4
286

295

304

313

i
l Cereal Box Weight
i
t
y
Population Mean = Mu 300.00 grams
Population Standard Deviation = Sigma 3.50 grams
Lower X 302.80 grams
P(X > 302.8) =

Cereal Box, Mean = 300 g, SD = 3.5 g

0.15
P 0.1
r
o 0.05
b
a 0
b
287.8
289.6
291.4
293.2

29 6.8
298.6
300.4
302.2

3 07.6
309.4
311.2
305.8
286

295

304

313

i
l Cereal Box Weight
i
t
y
 P(X >
P(300 < X < 296) = P(X < 297.5) = 302.8) =
0 3.82372073613958E-05 0
0 4.28491842397868E-05 0
0 4.79782523297641E-05 0
0 5.36774361471612E-05 0
0 6.0004604513082E-05 0
0 6.70228459810246E-05 0
0 7.48008661476665E-05 0
0 8.3413407369003E-05 0
0 9.29416913294904E-05 0
0 0.0001034739 0
0 0.0001151056 0
0 0.0001279404 0
0 0.0001420902 0
0 0.0001576762 0
0 0.0001748291 0
0 0.0001936898 0
0 0.0002144101 0
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check check
0.423436274490165 0.373451045526442

check check
0.237525262 0.211855398583396