Amino acid

Rambu Kareri, M.Si.,Apt.

Topic Indicator Grading
Amino Acid -Know amino acid structure Non Test-
-Mention classification of Personal Task
amino acid (4%)
-Mention name of amino acid
-Mention amino acid
properties
Amino acid
 Amino Acid
• First discovered, 1806, Asparagine
• Asparagine found in asparagus
• Glutamate in wheat gluten
• Tyrosine isolated from cheese – Greek
tyros
• Glycine-Greek glycos –sweet
• MSG – amino acid – flavor enhancer
 Common amino acid
• 20 amino acid coded in DNA
Classification :
• Non polar amino acid
• Polar amino acid
• Acid – amino acid
• Base – amino acid
 Amino acid-aliphatic side chain
• Glycine - Gly
• Alanine - Ala
• Valine - Val
• Leucine - Leu
• Isoleucine - Ile
Amino acid – hidroxyl/sulfur side
chains
• Serine - Ser
• Cysteine - Cys
• Threonine - Thr
• Methionine - Met
 Aromatic amino acid
• Phenylalanine - Phe
• Tyrosine - Tyr
• Tryptophan - Trp
Hidrophobic Amino Acid on protein
Nonpolar amino acid (hidrophobic)
Nonpolar amino acid (hidrophobic)
Polar amino acid
Uncharged Polar amino acid
Acidic- Amino acid
Basic - Amino acid
 Specific-Amino acid
• Ser, Thr, Tyr free –OH groups –
phosphorylated (phosphate or PO4 group
added )
• Sisteins contains –SH forms disulfide
bonds
 Modified amino acid
• Phosphoserine
• 4-hydroxyproline
• δ-Hydroxylysine
• γ-Carboxyglutamic acid
 Amino acid- not found in protein
• γ-Aminobutyric acid -brain-neurotransmitter
• L-Thyroxine - thyroid gland- thyroid hormone
• D-Glutamic acid – polypeptide in some
bacterial cell walls
• L-Homoserine – intermediate in amino acid
metabolism
 Amino acid differ
• Side chains -R
• Structure
• Size
• Electric charge
• Solubility
 Stereochemistry
• α-amino acid
• Carbon – chiral – stereocenter –asymetric
carbon
• L and D enantiomers –optical enantiomers
 Amino acid properties
• Amphoteric- amino acid can behave as
acid or base
• Zwitterions- neutral molecules
• R group – unique properties
Amino acid properties
Application of Henderson-
Hasselbach equation
 Amino acid separation
• Chromatography
• Ion-exchange chromatography
• High Performance Liquid Chromatography
 Peptide Bond
• Generally- trans conformation
• Length 0,133 nm
• N part positive
• O part negative
Peptide Bond
 The Coplanar Nature of the Peptide Bond
Six atoms of the peptide group lie in a plane!
 Peptide bond

CO-NH formation
 Peptide
• Every unit – residue
• 2 residue –dipeptide
• 3 residue – tripeptide
• 12-20 residue – oligopeptide
• › 20 peptide - polypeptide
 Reaction
• Condensation and hydrolysis
• In cells, amino acids activated prior to
polymerization
 Peptide
• Oxytocin – love hormone
• Vasopressin – nine amino acid residues
• Bradykinin
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