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Ionization Photoelectric
Line type thermal detectors are cables that The air chamber is constructed with a
detect heat along their entire length. A line calibrated leak so that normal temperature and
type thermal detector may consist of two wires pressure fluctuations within the room space
that are separated by an insulator. After the adjust across both sides of the diaphragm and
heat builds to a certain level the insulation will not cause the alarm contacts to close.
melts, allowing the wires to touch and current During a fire, the air temperature rises at a rate
to flow, initiating an alarm. faster than normal, causing an increase on the
room side of the diaphragme diaphragm. The
Bimetallic spot and coaxial style thermal
leak cannot compensate, and therefore the
detectors are self restoring. Fusible link and
diaphragm moves and closes the detector
melting insulation types of line thermal
contacts.
detectors are not self-restoring.
Combination rate-of-rise and fixed
Advantages of Fixed Thermal detection:
temperature thermal detectors are also
Lower cost than smoke detector units
manufactured and have both technologies built
in. Advantages of Rate Compensated Thermal
Advantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal detectors:
detection: Responds accurately and positively to
Responds faster than the fixed fire threats
temperature detector Virtually eliminates false alarms
Not affected by dusty or dirty Not affected by dusty or dirty
environments environments
More reliable than smoke detector More reliable than a smoke detector
units Less expensive than smoke detector
Less expensive than smoke detector units
units Minimal maintenance
Minimal maintenance
Disadvantages of Rate Compensated
Disadvantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal Thermal detectors:
detection: Slower to respond than smoke
Slower to respond than smoke detectors
detectors Will not detect products of combustion
Will not detect products of combustion Only suitable for protection of
Only suitable for protection of property
property
Flame Detector
Rate Compensated
Flame detectors
Rate-compensated thermal detectors are are used to detect
devices that are designed to activate at a the light radiation
predetermined temperature in a space component of a
regardless of the rate at which the temperature fire. Typical
in the space increases. This is accomplished by detectors of this
compensating for the thermal lag between the type detect the wavelength of either IR or UV
room temperature and the interior of the or a combination of the two. These detectors
device. are extremely fast acting and are used in areas
where rapidly occurring fires or explosions
Construction consists of an outer metal tube
could occur.
that expands at a fixed rate. Within this tube,
alarm contacts close when a certain expansion Advantages of Flame Detection:
distance is reached, but this expansion is Extremely fast acting
opposed by another metal device.
Disadvantages of Flame Detection:
At a slow rate-of-rise in temperature, the outer Narrow field of vision
Expensive
tube expands drawing the contacts closer
Requires unobstructed field of view
together. The inner metal device exerts a Difficult to maintain
counter force, keeping the contacts separated
until the entire device has been heated to its Typical Uses:
Fuel loading docks
rated temperature.
Industrial process spaces
At a rapid rate-of-rise in temperature, the outer Other hazardous areas where a fast
tube expands faster than the inner device can developing fire could occur
compensate. Therefore, the alarm contacts
close when the entire device has been heated Fire-Gas Detector
to a lower level, thus compensating for thermal
lag. These detectors respond to the various gases
produced during the combustion process.
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Steam
Other elements