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Compression
Crest
Trough Rarefaction
Longitudinal Waves
• Sound waves
• Pressure Waves
• Seismic P-waves
Transverse Waves
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Waves on a string
• Seismic S-waves
Example 1
• Could sound travel effectively as a transverse wave through air?
A = 10cm
λ = 40cm
https://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zc62tv4/revision/2
Frequency
• Symbol: f
• The number of full wavelengths that pass a point in one second.
• Unit: Hz (Hertz)
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/periodic-motion/
Period
• Symbol: T
• The amount of time it takes for one whole wavelength to pass the
same point.
• Unit: s (second)
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(physics)
Example 3
5 whole wavelengths pass a point in space in 1.0s. What
is the period of the wave?
• T has the units of seconds so f has the unit of s-1 (1/s) or Hz (Hertz
or “cycles per second”).
Speed of a wave
• Speed is distance over time, given in metres per second or ms-1 (or
m/s)
• Wave speed [ms-1] = frequency [Hz] x wavelength [m]
v = λf
v = 5.0 x 0.20
v = 1.0 ms-1 (or 1.0 m/s)
Example 6
Crest
(c) Position X is called a __________________________.
Trough
Position Y is called a _______________________
Example 6
cont…
(d) If the speed of the wave in the string is 1.6 ms-1, calculate the
frequency of the wave. 𝑣 1.6
𝑓= = = 0.40 𝐻𝑧
λ 4.0