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- Aerosol are pressurized dosages forms
containing one or more active ingredient
which upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of
liquid of and or solid material in gaseoser
medium.
- Used for topical administration of treatment of
burns minor cut inflation and various
dermatological preparation.
- Vapour pressure of mixture of propellint is
ealcuated by dalton’s low P = P1 + P2+ P3+ ---
- Partial V. Pressure of a propellint in the
mixture is calculated by raoulls low – A
solution is said to ideal when itt fulloo Raoults
low.
- Acrosol Compnents ;-
1. Propellants :- Function of propellant is to
produce pressure to expell the medicament.
(a) Liquefied gas proplent – (i) Hydrobutane
(Topical) ex propane butane isobutene
↳ Highly inflammable
proplent.
(ii) Chloroflurohydro carbon (Inhalational)
(b) Compressed gas proellent – Nitrogen, Co2,
N2O, (used for topical aerosn product)
Naming of CFC:- These are 3 digits
1st digit represent – number of carbon minus 1one
(nc – 1)
2nd digit represent – number of hydrogen plus one
(N H +1)
3rd digit represent – No flurine atom
Ex. Trichloro mono0 fluro methane (011)
Dichlorodifluro methnane (012)
Dichloro tertra fluro ethane (114)
(widly used in aerosol & inhalation aerosols)
2. Valve & Actuators :-
- Ethanol has been used as a cosolvents to
Valve :- Easy to open and close, delivery the
content in desired form.
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Parts of the valve
(a) Ferrul or mounting cap – Gives proper
attachment of valve to the container.
(b) Valve body or housing – Nylon or delirin
(c) Stem – Nylon or delrin
(d) Gasket – Buna N neoprene rubber
(e) Spring – Stainless steal
Hold gasket in plaul
Keep the valve in closed position
(f) Diptube :- polyethylene ( - Ch2- Ch2-)n
Poly propylene (- ch2- Ch2- Ch2)n
 Intornal eliameter of clip tube is determined on
the basis of viscosity & desired delivery rak.
 Metering valve :- Used to dispense potent
medicin.
Usually dispancse 50 – 150 ± 10% of liquid at
one time.
Mainly used to deliver acrosol product into
nasal and respiratory airways.
Actuators :- Allow easy opening & closing of
valve.
Gate . Deliver the product in desired form.
Type :-
(a) Spray – Antiseptic local anesthetic
(b) Foam – large orifice (0.070 – 0.125
inch)
(5% propellant ) so allow the product
passage into a relatively large chamber –
product expand & give foam.
(c) Solid Stream – Used to dispense semisolid
product – Ointment.
(d) Special ecctuators :- Designed to deliver
medicament to throat (asthma) nose, eye,
vaginal tract.
Type of system :-
(a) Solution system : Two phase system (a)
Vapour (b) liquid
(b) Water based system :- Three phase system
(a) propllent (b) water (c) vapour
- Since propellent and water are not miscible a
three phase aerosol forms.
solubilise some of the proplant in water.
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- Recent development that is useful for
pharmaceutical aerosol is the aquasol.
(c) Suspension / dispersion system :-
 Physical stability can by
(a) Using surfactant
(b) use of dispersing agens
(c) Reduction of particle size
(d) Adjustment of density of
propellent & parsicle
(3) Compressed gas filling – Since me compressed gas
are under high pressure (150 psi) it requires pressure
reducing valve.
- Testing of pharmausical aerosols :-
(1) Flame projection :- Test indicates the effect of an
eurosol formulation on the extension of an open flame.
- Proudct is sprayed for 4 sec. into a flame.

(3) container :- should withstand pressure 140 to 180 - Flame projection or extension is measured by rules.
psig at 130˚ F.
- Flanmability & compresibity is determined by this
(a) Metal :- (i) Tinplatal method.

(ii) Aluminium :- (a) Used for cream & ointment
(b) Lesser Degree of incompabity due to its seamless
nature
(c) Greater resistance of corrosion
(iii) stainless steel (a) used for inhalational aerosol (b)
Higher cost limit their use
(b) Glass :- (a) Are pressered from a compalibility
veiu point.
(b) Total pressure of system is less than 25 psing and
amount of propellent is not more than 15%
- Manufacturing of aerosol :-
(1) Pressure filling :- Loss danger to contamination of
product from moisture.
- Carried out at room temp utilizing pressure
equipment.
- Proudut concentrate added to container than
propellent is allowed to flow through its V.p and when
v.p is equalized additional propellent is added by using
N2 container.
(2) Flash Point :- Aerosol product is chilled to a temp.
25˚C than transferred to Tag open cup apparatus
(Gate) – Than slowly increase temp. – Temp. at which
the vapour ignite is taken flash point.
(3) Vapour pressure – Pressure gauge
(4) Density – Hydrometer & pychometer (GATE)
(5) Moisture – Karl fisher method (GATE) Gas
chromatography
(6) Idensification of propellants – Gas chromatography
GATE 04 IR spatroscopy
(7) Aerosol valve discharge rase :- 1st weight the
aerosol prod. & than discharge the contents for a given
period of time – Then reweight the container.
(8) Spray Pattern :- Method is based on impingement
of spray on a piece of paper that has been treated with
dye talc mixture. Depending on the nature of aerosol
an oil soluble or water soluble dye is use.
(9) Net Content :- Weight the container – Then fier
product & propellen reweight – Diff in vit is equal to
net content.

(2) Cold Filing :- (10) Foam Stability :- (a) Visual evaluation, (b) Time
for a given mass to penetrate the foam (c) Rotational
- Chilling the component (proplent & product) to temp. viscometer.
30 to 40˚ F C/5 = F-32/9
(11) Particle size determination –
- Cold fielling method is restricted to non aqous
(a) Cascade impactor – Used for determination &
product and to those product not adversaly affected by
distribution of particle size (0.1 to 30 mcront)
low temp.
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(b) Light Scatter decay

(12) Biological Testing – Therapeatic efficaly &

toxicity.

SANTOSHI MAA MEDICAL MARKET , OSWAL MEDICAL STREAT, OPPOSITE MGH JALORI GATE, JODHPUR –
9667626093