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{¯©Ú®
NjHjy;fspy; Nghl;bapl xd;wpiza xU ngsj; j rhrd mikr; r uhf
Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; r%f> murpay;> xU K];yPikNah> fpwp];jtiuNah
nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu uPjpapy; [dhjpgjp epakpf;f khl;lhH. mt;thW
fpof;Fj; jkpo; kf;fs; gpd;dilitNa ,Uf;fpd;wNghJ vt;thW ,e;J rka
k l;lf;fsg;G - ngupaGy;Ykiyapy;
kf; f spd; vjpHg; g pidAk; kP w p
mikf;fg;gLfpd;w Nghj;jypy;
re;jpg;ghHfs;. fpof;Fj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tptfhuq;fisf; ftdpg;gjw;fhf xU
eyd; fUjp midj;J jkpoH murpay; K];yk
fl;rpfisAk;
P ; mikr;riu epakpj;jpUf;fpd;whH
x d ; w p i z A k h W vd;w ngupa Nfs;tp vOe;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
milf;fg;gLk; FbePHj; njhopw;rhiyf;F miw$ty; tpLf; f pd; N whk; | vd; W k;
vjpHg;Gj; njuptpj;Jk;> mjid jLf;ff;
NfhupAk; fle;j nrt;tha;f;fpoik (12)
mtHfs; njuptpj;jdH. ehq;fs; xU rpwe;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf
muRf; F ,zf; f k; nfhLj; J f;
kl; l f; f sg; g py; vjpHg; G g; NguzpAk; >
MHg;ghl;lKk; ,lk;ngw;wJ.
khtl;lj;jpd; nghJ mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
xd;wpaj;jpd; khfhz ,izg;ghsHfshd nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. Vnddpy;
rpNu]; l rl; l j; j uzp jl; r pzh%Hj; j p m u r p a y i k g ; G r ; r l ; l k ; x d ; W
rptehjd;> n r q ; f j p N u h d ; cUthf; f g; g l Ntz; L k; . vkJ
j.NfhghyfpU];zd;> khtl;l nraw;FO cupikfis ehq;fs; vOjp vLf;f
k l; l f; f sg; G khtl; l jpl; l kply;
gzpgg
Gy;Ykiyg; gpuNjr nghJ kf;fspdhy;
; hsuhf fle;j gy tUlq;fshf
flikahw;wpa ,uh.neLQ;nropad; fpof;F
Vw; g hL nra; a g; g l; l ,t; t hHg; g hl; l
vjpHg;Gg; Nguzpapy; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l
jittH NguhrpupaH kh.nry;tuh[h> khtl;l Ntz; L k; . vkJ gpuNjrq; f spy;
nraw;FO nrayhsH nghwpapayhsH vkf;fhd cupikfis ehq;fs; ngw;Wf;
t.gukFUehjd; > Nfhuisg; g w; W nfhz;L mjD}lhf mgptpUj;jpfisr;
khfhz MSdupd; mwpTWj;jYf;fika ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs;> Kd;dhs; gpuNjrj; jiytH t.rpthfd;> Clf nra; a Ntz; L k; . tlf; F fpof; F
fpof;F khfhz jpl;lkply; gzpg;ghsuhf ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs;> Kd;dhs; ,izg; g hsH j.<]; t uuh[h cl; g l gpuNjrq; f s; Vida gpuNjrq; f is
nfsut Kjyikr;rH nrayfj;jpw;F khfhzrig cWg;gpdHfs;> cs;Suhl;rp gyH ,jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldH. ,q;F tpl tpj;jpahrkdJ. jkpo; nkhop> jkpo;
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH. rigfspd; gpujpepjpfs;> fl;rp Ngjkpd;wpa fpof;F jkpoH xd;wpaj;jpd; Nehf;fk; kf;fspd; tho;T> fyhrhuk; vd;gtw;iwg;
murpaw; gpuKfHfs;> ,isQHfs;> nghJ njhlHgpYk; vjpHfhyj; j py; mit ghJfhf; f f; $ba tpjj; j py; jkpo;
jpwe;j Nghl;bg; guPl;irapd; %yk; 1994 mikg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpfs;> nghJ kf;fs; Kd;ndLf;fTs;s jpl;lq;fs; njhlHgpYk; kf;fspd; cupikfis epiyehl;lf; $ba
,y; ,yq;if jpl;lkply; Nritapy; vdg; gyH fye;J nfhz;ldH. njspTgLj; j g; g l; l J. mq; F Ngrpa xU murpayikg;ig cUthf;f tpl
,ize; J nfhz; l ,tH nfhs; i f rpNu];l rl;lj;juzp j.rptehjd;> Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt murhq;fj;Jf;F
jpl;lkply; mKyhf;fy; mikr;R> rKHj;jp kl;lf;fsg;G Nfhl;ilKid nkjb];j xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.
mikr;R Mfpatw;wpy; flikahw;wp Njthyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J vjpHg;Gg; Nguzp fpof;F jkpoHfspd; murpay;
2006 ,y; ,yq; i f jpl; l kply; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L> khtl;l nrayfj;ij nghUshjhu kw; W k; fhzp cupik M d h y ; mt;thW ehq;fs;
Nritapy; Kjyhk; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; te; j ile; J > mq; F MHg; g hl; l k; cl;gl rfytopfspYk; jkpoHfspd; xj; J ioj; J r; nraw; g Lfpd; w NghJ
nfhz;lijaLj;J kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,lk;ngw;W> gpd;dH khtl;l murhq;f epyik kpfTk; ftiyf;fplkhfTs;sJ. [dhjpgjp Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w ,t;thwhd
jpl;lkply; gzpg;ghsuhf nghJr;Nrit mjpguplk; Gy;Ykiy gpuNjr fkey vjpHtUk; NjHjypy; jkpoHfs; rpe;jpj;J t p l a q ; f s ; vq;fis kpfTk;
Mizf;FOthy; epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. kw;Wk; nghJ mikg;Gfspdhy; kf[Uk; nraw; g lhtpl; l hy; vkJ ,Ug; i gj; rq;flj;jpw;Fs;shf;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thW
ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. jf;fitj;Jf; n f h s ; s K b a h J nraw;gl;L ,jd;%yk; ehq;fs; mtNuhL
jpl; l kply; Nritapy; Kjyhk; Ngha;tpLk;. Xt;nthU fl;rpAk; gpupe;J NrHe; J Ntiy nra; a Kbahj
juj;jjpy; 12 tUl Nritf;fhyj;ij ,t; t plak; njhlHgpy; cWjpahd epd;W thf;Ffis rpjwbg;gjd; %yk; xU #o; e piyia cUthf; F tjw; F
g+Hj;jpnra;j ,tH> jpl;lkply; Nrit eltbf; i f Nkw; n fhs; s g; g Lk; vd jkpoHfspd; murpay; gyk; ,y;yhky; [dhjpgjp Kaw; r pf; f pd; w huh? vd; w
tpNrl juj;jpw;fhd NeHKfg; guPli
; ria khtl;l murhq;f mjpgupdhy; kf;fsplk; Ngha;tpLk; Nguk; NgRk; rf;jpia ehk; Nfs;tp vq;fSf;Fs; vOfpd;wJ.| vd;W
2012 ,y; g+Hj;jpnra;J tpNrl juj;ij ,jd; N ghJ njuptpf; f g; g l; L s; s ik ,oe;JtpLNthk; vd;whH. nrq;fjpNuhd; me;j mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.
vjpHghHj;Js;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. j.NfhghyfpU]; z d; NgRifapy; >
njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -22 )
 nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
,jo; - 17
©UPÐUSa ö\´v ö\õÀ¾® £o°À Hß C¢u ö©ÍÚ®? Auß GÀø» Gx?
øP÷Põº¨÷£õ® tpy; ghJfhg;Gg; gil mjpfhup
NfHzy; ul;zg;gpupa gz;LTf;F
gj; j pupif cyfpd; xU Gjpa
fyhr;ukhf my;yJ Nghf;fhf my;yJ
thrfHfSf; f hd Cf; f g; g Lj; j yhf
mikAk; “,ytr tpepNahfk;" vd;w
rpe;jid> mHj;jk; cs;s ghijapy;
nry; y Ntz; L k; vd; W “muq; f k;
nra; j pfs; " gj; j pupif epWtdk;
fUJfpd;wJ.
,jw;fikaNt ,yq;ifapy; xg;glP l
; stpy;
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tpepNahf Nfhl; g hl; i l ,q; F ehk;
mKy;gLj;j tpisfpNwhk;.
,yq;ifapy; Fwpg;ghf jkpo; gj;jpupiffs;
kj; j papy; thrpg; G kw; W k; tpw; g id
Mfpad Fiwe;jpUg;gjhf Ma;Tfs;
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thrfHfis ngUnkLg; g py; nrd; w
mila Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf> ehk;
,ytr tpepNahfk; vd;w eilKiwia
filg;gpbf;fj; njhlq;fpNdhk;.
,J vkf;F cz;ikapy; ntw;wpiaNa
je;Js;sJ. fpof;fpYk;> nfhOk;G cl;gl
vkJ gj; j pupif tpepNahfpf; f g; g Lk;
Vida ,lq;fspYk; muq;fk; nra;jpfs;
gj; j pupiff; F thrfHfs; kj; j papy;
ey; y tuNtw; G fpilj; j pUg; g Jld; >
ngUkstpyhd thrfHfisAk; vkJ
gj;jpupif nrd;wilaj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
gf;f
tpsk;guNkh vkf;F ePq;fs; toq;Fk;
fl;lzk; cq;fSf;F kpFe;j gyid
cz; i kapy; ehq; f s; jpl; l kpl; l juj; n jhlq; f pAs; s ik ajhHj; j khf
fhyj; J f; F kpfTk; Kd; d jhfNt> czug;gLfpd;wJ.
Ntfkhf ,J kf; f s; Mjuitg;
ngwj;njhlq;fpAs;sJ. mJTk; ,ytrkhf kf;fisr;
nrd;wilAk; xU kf;fs; Clfj;Jf;F
,e;j epjp NghfpwJ vd;gijAk; ePq;fs;
C»Á\©õP BÚõÀ Gupe;Jnfhs;tHP fs; vd vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;.
PÚv¯õP ö\´v
ö\õÀQÓx
muq; f k; nra; j pfs; nrd; w ilAk;
tP r ; R k; gug; G k; Mo mfykhfTk;
kpfTk; NtfkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,J
ekf;fhd gj;jpupif vd;w czHT kf;fs;
kj;jpapYk; mjpfupf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sJ.
tzpf epWtdq;fSk; vkJ
nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
04 05 ,jo; - 17
uªÇº ©soÀ C¸¢x AÊuÊx
gj;jpupifapy; tpsk;guk;
rp
fpspnehr;rpapy; ngUe;jpushNdhH jpuz;L>
Áȯݨ£¨£mh CµõqÁ AvPõ›
nra;tjd; %ykhd
cUf;fkhd Kiwapy; gpupahtpil mikr;rH kNdhfNzrdpd; jdpg;gl;l KfE}y; gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J...
nra; j epfo; r ; r p ,yq; i fiag; %d; W tUlq; f s; ,uhZt
ed;ikfis> gyd;fis
gugug;Gf;Fs;shf;fpAs;sJ.
czHe;J vk;ik Nritia Kbj;jtHfs; gytw;Wf;F vd;dplk; gjpy;fs; my;yJ td;dp khtl;l Nghf;fh (tendency)?
ehlj; n jhlq; f pAs; s d. ,lkhw;wk; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;Jfs; cs;sd. mitgw;wp ,q;F my;yJ ,g;Nghf;F aho; FlhitAk;
,e; j ehl; f spy; rpq; f s> Mq; f py gpd;dzpapy;> Ie;J tUlq;fs;
gy nghJ mikg;Gf;fSk; ,g;NghJ nrhy;y tutpy;iy. nrhd;dhy; Ml;nfhz;L tUfpwjh?
Clfq;fspy; ul;zg;gpupa gz;L `PNuh. gzpapy; ,Ue;Jtpl;l ,tuJ
vkf;F jkJ Mjutpid
murpay; tl;lhuq;fs; njhlf;fk;> gil
juj;njhlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd.
tl;lhuq;fs;> fpuhkq;fs; tiuapy; vy;yh
,lkhw; w j; i j> kf; f spd;
Nfhupf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;>
AÊuݨ¦® AøÚÁ›ß
murpaypy; rhHG
,lq;fspYk; ul;zg;gpupa gz;Litg; gw;wpa mLj;j NjHjy;fspy; ul;zg;gpupa gz;L
Ngr;RfNs mbgl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. fskpwf;fg;glyhk; vd;W Njhd;WfpwJ.
rpy khjq;fSf;F khj;jpuNk •PUSÔ¨¦UPÒ TÖ® Pøu GßÚ?
epiyaw; w > kf; f spd; jhkjpf;f vd;dhy; Kbe;jJ.
eyid khj;jpuk; mg;gbf; fskpwf;fg;gl;lhy; epr;rakhf ,g;NghJ ,uj;dg;upa ,lkhw;wk; tlf; f pYk; > njw; f pYk; ,Uf; F k;
ehl;bd; jiytHfSk; murhq;fj;jpd; mtUila iffspy; ntw;wpf; fdpjhd;. ngw;W njw;fpd; fk;g`h khtl;l
Kjd; i kahf nfhz; l Nfhkhspfs; rpyUf;F Nfhgk; tUk;. ebfH-top-murpayH u[pdpfhe; j ; >
Kf;fpa];jHfSk; ul;zg;gpupa gz;LTld; mk;NgG]Tf;F NghfpwhH.
vkJ epiyg;ghL njupe;Njh> njupahkNyh jkpofj;ij
njhlHG nfhz;L Neupy; ghuhl;ilAk; Mdhy; > mjw; F Kd; g jhf mtH
xUGwk; mjw;F fhuzk;. ,ij vjpHkiwahf ghHf; f yhkh? gw;wp nrhd;dJ Nghy> <oj;J tlf;fpy;
mNjNtis vkJ Clfk; kpFe; j ,g; n ghOJ Aj; j f; F w; w q; f Sf; f hd epw;f> ,J ,g;gbNa ,Uf;f> NeHkiwahf ghHf;fyhkh? ,j;jifia “rp]; l k; " rupapy; i yah? my; y J
tPrR
; ld; kf;fis nrd;wiltjd; %yk; J¸ Aø» K¯•uÀ ,e; j nehbapy; vd; kdjpy; … g+jhfukhf vOk; Nfs;tp vd;dntd;why;> cgrupg;G> “ntspg;gilahd" MjuT> xl;Lnkhj;j “rp];lKNk" rupapy;iyah?
tpahghu kw;Wk; nghJ epWtdq;fs;
fUzhfud; (11/06/2018) ,d; W tlf; f py; murpay; t hjpfs;
jkJ tpsk;guq;fs; kw;Wk; tpopg;GzHT
Akzu Aø»ø¯ ,J vg;gb?? vd;d fhuzk;? vtUf;Fk; ,Uf;fpwjh? njupatpy;iy.
gpur;rhuq;fis nra;tjw;fhd xU rpwe;j uø»US ÷©÷» jLg;guzhf gad;gLj;jg;glg;NghfpwhH. rw;W Kd; fHzy; ge;J ,uj;dg;gpupaTld; Âkuø»¨¦¼PÎß
Nkilahf cUntLj;Js;sJ. E¯ºzv°¸UQÓx epr; r akhf ul; z g; g pupa gz; L Tf; F
jkpoHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l MjuitAk;
NgrpNdd;. "Ie;J tUlq;fshf> xU
fzKk; MAjj;ij ifapy; vLf;fhky;
mJ xUGwk; ,Uf;f> uø»ÁºPÐUS
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gy kjepWtdq; f s; Myaq; f s; > Aµ\õ[P®. ul;zg;gpupa gz;LTld; jkpo;r;rdq;fs; gzp nra; N jd; . kf; f s; kdq; f is ,uhZtk; " > “kq; f y AÎUP¨£mh CÖv
jpUr;rigfs; $l vkJ gj;jpupifia xU nfhz;Ls;s neUf;fj;ijAk; nty;y Kbe;jJ> rhH. ,dpAk; gzp
tpsk;gu mDge;j jskhf gad;gLj;j ntspg;gLj;Jk; tPbNah I.eh. kdpj nra;a fhj;jpUf;Nfd;> rhH" vd;whH.
,uhZtk; " (kq; f y>
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tho;j;JfisAk; njuptpj;jpUg;gjhfj; cupikg; Nguitapd; $l;lj;njhlupy;
njhlq;fpAs;sd.
jfty;.
nghUs; nrhw; f s; ) CuøÚ
fhz;gpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs;
cz;L. rpyNtis ul;zg;gpupa gz;LNt
,J gw;wp vdf;F njupAk; vd;Nwd;.
Vnddpy; fle;j rpy khjq;fSf;F
Mfpwjh? ,J ey;yjh?
J¨¤mi¸UQÓõº
vk;ik nghWj;jtiu kf;fSf;fhd cupa nfl;ljh?
fj;jpapd;wp> uj;jkpd;wp> Aj;jkpd;wp xU kdpj cupikfs; $l;lj;njhlupy; Neupy; Kd; > nfhOk; g py; vd; mikr; R f; F
nra;jpfis cfe;jgb nfhz;L NrHg;gJ
kw; W k; mtHfSf; f hd tpopg; G zHT
gil mjpfhup Gfoile; j pUf; f pwhH. gq;Nfw;fr; nry;yyhk;. $lNt mtiug; gilnaLj;J te;J> vd;id re;jpj;j> kf; f Sld; fye; J
J¸ QÎö|õa]
mJTk; Aj; j j; j pdhy; ghjpf; f g; g l; l ghuhl;ba rpyUk; mioj;Jr; nry;yg;glf;
Mfpad nghJ Nehf;fk;.
kf;fshy; ghuhl;lg;gl;ltH vd;W. $Lk;.
ngUe;njhif Kd;dhs; Nghuhspfs;
FOtpdH> ,tuJ ,lkhw;wj;ij uj;J
tho; e ; J kdq; f is ö\´v¯õͺ
njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -02 ) nty;y> tlf;fpd; jkpo;
,ijnay; y hk; ftdpf; F k; N ghJ> nra;J jUkhW kd;whb fz;zPH tpl;L
,jpy; ,ize;Jnfhs;SkhW jiyikfs; jtwp
nghJ mikg; G f; f Sf; F k; tpsk; g u mOJ Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhHfs;. Nkw;fz;l kw;Wk; fPo;tUk; Nfs;tpfs; tUfpd;wdth? ,J fpspnehr;rp kw;Wk;
epWtdq; f Sf; F k; ehk; miog; G
tpLf;fpNwhk;.
mjpfstpy;> kpFe;j Nghl;bj;jd;ikAld;
''•ÒÎÁõ´UPõÀ Áøµ ö\ßÖ v¸®¤ Á¢uõºPÒ.BÚõÀ
kf;fis nrd;wilAk; vkJ muq;fk;
nra; j pfs; gj; j pupifia tzpf
epWtdq;fs; jq;fs; tpsk;guq;fSf;F
JZf; fhapy; trpf;Fk; ,lJrhup
rpe; j id nraw; g hL cs; s CÁºPÒ v¸¢v ÁµÂÀø»''
Xa;Tngw;w. mur cj;jpNahfj;jH xUtH
gad; g Lj; j yhk; > mjpf kf; f is vdf;F $wpa trdk; jhd; ,J. Áµo°À J¸ ÷Põ°¼À
nrd; w iltJld; vkJ tpsk; g uf;
fl;lzq;fSk; xg;gPl;lstpy; mJ cz;ikapYk; cz;ik. r%f ÷uøµ ÷á]¤ C¯¢vµ®
rfhakhdit. tiyj;jsq;fs; fONth fOntd;W öPõsk CÊzuø© SÔzu
fOtp Cj;Jfpd;w glj;ijf; fz;lTld; J¸ P¸zx
mNjNghy nghJ epWtdq;fs; jkJ vdf;F me;j trdk; jhd; Qhgfj;jpw;F
tpopg; G zHT gpur; r huq; f Sf; f hd te;jJ. rfyUf;Fk; mDkjp toq;fhj Nfhapy;fs;
jskhf vkJ gj;jpupifia gad;gLj;j> ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
gf;fq;fSf;fhd mDruzia toq;f Fwpj; j fpuhkj; i j ,opTgLj; J k; Vd; ,e; J kjj; i j kl; L k; jhf; f
KbAk;. gyUf;F njupahJ ,J Nghy ,d;Dk; Ntz;Lk;?
gy gpuNjrq;fs;> NtW gy rk;gtq;fs;
ms;sr; nrd;w NghJ eha; xd;iw ntl;b
mDruizNah my;yJ ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gJ.
rhfg;gz;zp jz;zPupy; Nghl;bUe;jij Ntjehafk; jNge;jpud; khjfy;> ,sthiy> gz;lj;jupg;G gf;fk;
nrd;W fpwp];Njhg;gH tPL vq;Nf vd;W
1995 xf;NuhgH 30 khngUk; aho;g;ghz fz;L gij gijj;jdH. tutpy;iy. Nfl;lhy; nrd;w; md;udp]h> nrd;];
,lg;ngaHtpd; gpd;dH njd;kuhl;rpapy; N[k;]h vdj; Njthyag; gFjpia
XH gpuNjrj;jpy; aho;g;ghz kf;fs; kdpj kyk; fpzw;Wf;Fs; Nghlg;gl;L ,e; J kjj; j pidf; fhg; g hw; w g; Nfl;ghHfs;.
ngUkstpy; Vjpypfshf trpj;jdH. jz;zPH ms;sj; jLf;Fk; epfo;TfSk;
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nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
07 ,jo; - 17
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÷ÁÖ£õkPøÍ Ph¢u £Sv°À £õºz÷uõ®. CÛ Akzu £Sv) ÷uizu¢u |Á÷\õv! mtUilaJ.
in written form) jkpo; g ; N gr; R nkhop Kfj;jpy Jthuk; te;jhy; mtyl;rz
khapUf;Fk;! XLk; fq;ifapy; Jthuk; ,jdhy; ,tuJ Nfhgj;ij
(colloquial language) NtwhfTk; miktJ vd;gJ Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhfNtz;banthd;W. tug;gLfpd;wdH. vdNt kiyafkf;fs; kiyafj; j py; jpUkzk; Kbj; j dH vtUk; rPupa]hf
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,yq;ifapy; Kjyhtjhf fhy; gjpj;j FLk;gj;ij mikj;jdH. (cjhuzk;: vopiyj;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; nfhOk;G vLg;gjpy;iy.
,e;j ,uz;L tifapyhd jkpo;nkhopAk; ,yq;if jkpoHfs; j h q ; f s ; ,lk; “tlf;fpd; kd;dhH". ,e;jpahtpd; ghlfH (rpNyhd; ) V.,.kNdhfudpd; Kfj; J thuj; j pYk; kl; l f; f sg; G vq; f letNrhjp vd; w
re; j pf; F k; Gs; s pahf “<oj; J jkpo; ,yq;ifapypUe;J gpupe;J nry;y ve;j njhg;Gs; nfhb ntl;lg;gl;l ,lk; vd;Wk; je;ijahH) kdg; g z; G ld; mtuJ
,yf;fpak;" miktJ rpwg;G. “kiyafj; Kfj;Jthuj;jpYk; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
msTf;F jil ,Uf;fpwNjh mNjasT nrhy;yyhk;. K d ; N f h g j ; i j
jkpo; ,yf;fpak;" ,d;W <oj;J jkpo; jil kiyafj; jkpoHfs; jq;fis 3. kiyafg; ngUe; N jhl; l q; f spy; kd;dpj;jtHfisAk;
,yf;fpaj;jpd; xU $whfg; ghHf;Fk; ejp vq;Nf NghfpwJ? fliyj; Njb
,yq;ifauhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjpYk; mNjNghy =kh-rh];jpup cld;gbf;if cj; j pNahfj; j Hfshf flikahw; w mwpNtd;.
epiy Njhd;wpAs;sJ. cs;sJ. mbg; g ilapy; kiyaf kf; f spd; ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfs; kiyafj;jf;F
! ehnsq;Nf NghfpwJ? ,uitj; Njb! MH. gpNukjh];
,uz;lhk;> %d;whk; jiyKiwapdH te;J NrHe;jdH. njd;id> gid kuj;
epyntq;Nf NghfpwJ? kyiuj; Njb! mkuH. etNrhjp etNrhjp> nfhOk;gpy; Njrpa
ngUk; g hd; i k rpq; f s kf; f is epidntq;Nf NghfpwJ? cwitj; Njb!
,dp ,yq;ifj; jkpoH kw;Wk; kiyaf ,e;jpahTf;F ehL flj;jg;gLk;NghJ Njhg;G epiwe;j gpuNjrj;jpy;> ntg;g vd;W ftpaurH ,aw;wpdhH. Rtbfs; jpizf;fsj;jpy;
nghWj;jtiuapy; fw;wwpe;j jkpoH gw;wpa cs;slf;fj;ijg; gw;wp kd;dhH ClhfNt (uapypy;) njd;dpe;jpa fhyepiy gpuNjrq; f spy; ,Ue; J kiyapypUe; J Cw; n wLj; J XLk; mq; F vjpHghuhj tifapy; ez; g H cjtpg; gzpg; g hsuhf gzpGupe; j J
GyikahsHfs; jtpu VidNahUf;F ml; l tiznahd; w pd; cjtpAld; kz;lgj;jpw;F fg;gypy; (,uhkhD[k;) te;J FspH gpuNjq;fspy; Njapiy fq;if midj;ijAk; ms;spf;nfhz;L f. etNrhjpia re; j pj; N jd; . vdJ
fhjyp Nfs;tp Nfl;f> fhjyd; gjpy; tUk;. fhL> Fd;W> Nrhiy> Gy;ntsp> gyUf;Fk; cjtpahf mike;jJ.
~vy;yhj; jkpoHfSk;| xd;Wjhd;. “vy;yhj; ghHf;fyhk;. mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ldH. ,e;j gjpTfis njhopy;JiwNa njupahky; Njapiyj; kiwe;j cwtpdupd; FLk;g ez;gHjhd; gy; f iyf; f of tpupTiuahsHfs; >
jkpOk;" xd;Wjhd;. nrhy;Yk; ghly;. ,jpy; ejpah> flyh? fpuhkk;> efuk; vq;Fk; Rw;wpr; Rod;W etNrhjp. me; j kuzr; r lq; f pw; F
kd;dhH gpuNjrk; rhH ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Njhl;l Nkw;ghHitahsHfshf> fhjyd;! my;yJ flyh ejpah? fhjyp! tise;J nespe;J> Fg;ig $oq;fisAk; Muha;r;rp khztHfs;> KjyhNdhUf;F
mtuhy; tuKbahJ Ngha; t pl; l J Njitg;gLk; rhd;W Mjhuq;fSf;fhf
jkpo; r%fj; i jg; Nghd; N w (mJ jpiug; g lj; j py; ngz; j hd; Kjypy; vdr;nrhy;yptpl;L> me;jf;flw;fiuapy;
,yq;ifj; jkpouhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d? ejp vq;Nf NghfpwJ? vdf;Nfl;ghs;! u]Qhdp vd; N dhL fhyhw ele; j thW rpy
goikahd mupa gj;jpupiff;
mg;gbahapd; mts;jhd; ejpah? my;yJ Fwpg;Gfisj; NjLk; glyj;jpw;F ngupJk;
kiyafj; jkpouhf ,Ue;jhy; vd;d?) Gjpdq;fisr;nrhy;yj; njhlq;fpdhH. cjtpatH etNrhjp.
rpq;fs r%fKk; rhjpa epiyg;gl;lJ fhjyd; ahiuj;Njbg;Nghfpwhd; vd;gij mOf; F fisAk; rpy Ntisfspy;
my; y J rhjpaf; fl; l ikg; i gf; mwptjw;F mtidj;jhd; ejp vd;W rlyq;fisAk; Rke;Jnfhz;L flypy; mtNu me;jg; Gjpdq;fis xU Nfs;tp xU rkak; Kd; d hs; [dhjpgjpAk;
nfhz;lJ vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,e;j mts; ctkpf;fpwhsh? te; J rq; f kpf; F k; . mjd; gazk; tbtpy; njhlq;fpdhH.
mj;Jld; KbTWk;. Kd;dhs; gpujkUk; tPlikg;G
,uz;L tif jkpo; kf;fisAk; rhjpa epHkhzj;Jiw mikr;rUkhd
mbg;gilapy; jkf;Nfw;wthW tpsq;fp thrfHfNs vd; d jiyRw; W fpwjh?
tpsf;fk; Nfl;gjw;Fk; ftpaurH ,y;iy. m t ; t h W K b T W k ;
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nrhd; d hy; ,yq; i fj; jkpoHfs; ,lj;jpw;F Kfj;Jthuk;
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ejpfSf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;s ngaHfs; ngaH itj;jhHfs; vkJ
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,it ,e; j pahtpy; XLk; ejpfs; . fsdp fq;if nfhOk;gpd;
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ce;Jjy; mspj;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; khtyp> fsdp> [pd; fq;if> tlNkw;F gpuNjrj;jpy;
khzpf;f fq;if> fY fq;if> njJW ,e;JrKj;jpuj;jhAld; CÀø»'
,J rpq; f s rhjpa vz; z g; g hl; b d; Xah> kJW Xah> kfh Xah ,it
jiyfPo; tbtk;. rpq;fs kf;fisg; ,e;j cs;slf;fg;gl;baypy; ghHf;fyhk;. (ehtz;zd; ftpijfs; njhopw;rhiy cj;jpNahfj;jHfshf> Mz;fspd; ngaHfisah Rl;LfpwJ? rq;fkpf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F Kfj;Jthuk; nfhOk; G [pe; J g; g pl; b iag; gw; w pj; gpNukjh]hTf;Fk; etNrhjpapd; cjtp
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(kiyehl; L rpq; f stHfs; ) caH
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#l;LfpwhHfs;. khtyp vd;w ngaupYk; kfhj;kh fhe;jp ,yq;iff;F tUif
(jho;ehl;L rpq;fstHfs;) Fiwe;j ~gpuNjrq;fSk;| kiyafj; jkpoHfspd; xU Mj;kfP cwTepiy ,Ug;gjw;F ,e;jngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; kPJ ,Ue;j ntWg;Gk; – eiff; f ilfSf; F g; gpurpj; j khd je;j rkak; nfhOk;G [pe;Jg;gpl;bapy;
rhjpapdH vd;gjhFk;. cs;slf;fj;jpy; mtHfspd; ,ilj;jq;fy; cwTk; (transit) xU (mtHfs; fpuhkpa nghUshjhuj;ij ,yq;ifapy; xU Gfo;ngw;w kdpjH jdJ i r t r k a j ; j t H f S f ; F , e ; j nrl;bahH njU - rptRg;gpukzpa Rthkp
“t H f ; f e p i y A k ; " mbehjkhf fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ltHfs;) kfDf;F ngaH #l;bapUf;fpwhH! Kfj;Jthuq;fs; Gdpjkhdit. tlf;fpy; Nfhapy; – tpNtfhde;jh kz;lgk; -
epfo;j;jpa Kf;fpakhd nrhw;nghopT
ntspahd gj;jpupifia gpNukjh]hTf;F
,e; j rhjpak; gw; w pa ghHit mike;Js;sikia kpf Kf;fpakhf ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J te;j jkpo; kf;fspd; fPupkiy vg;gbNah> mt;thNw xUtH fkyhNkhb kz;lgk; – tpNtfhde;jh kfh Njb vLj;Jf; nfhLj;jtH etNrhjp.
jdpahdJk; tpupthdJkhd Ma;Tf;F mtjhdpf;fg;glNtz;baJ. 2. kiyehl;L Njhl;l njhopyhspahf fy; t pepiyAk; xU fhuzkhapw; W . kuzpj; J tpl; l hy; mtuJ g+jTly; tpj;jpahyak; ,g;gb gpurpj;jkhditfs;
cl;gl Ntz;baJ. ,q;Nf ,yq;if ,d;W $l ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfs; Njhl;l mike;j gpuNjrk;.' vd;Nwd;.
cj; j pNahfj; j H topte; j tHfshf 'FbapUg; G fs; ,d; w p mtjpAWk;
jkpoHfs; gw; w pa rpq; f s kf; f spd; kf;fSf;F trjp gilj;NjhH
Gupjiy tpsf;Ftjw;fhf RUf;fkhf cs;sdH. ,jpy; Njhl;l itj;jpaHfSk; 'mt;tsTjhdh..? ,e;j [pe;Jgpl;bf;nfd jk;khypad;wthW tPLfs; mikj;Jf;
ghHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mlq; F k; . (c+k; Qhdk; fiy> jdpahf xU tuyhW ,Ug;gJ njupAkh?' nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;' vd;w Ntz;LNfhis
,yf;fpa rQ;rpifapd; Mrpupau@ - jpU. vdf;Nfl;lhH.
jp.QhdNrfud; xU Njhl;l kUj;Jt tpLj;jpUe;j fhe;jpapd; nrhw;nghopNt
“nkhop" mbg; g il NtWghL xd; W gpNukjh]hTf;F fhyj;jpd; NjitfUjp
,yq; i fj; jkpoUf; F k; kiyafj; mjpfhupahf gzpahw;wpa ,yq;ifj;jkpoH 'njupahNj...?' vd;Nwd;.
jkpoUf;Fk; ,ilNa cz;L vd;gJ emo- estate medical officer) 'kfhj;kh fhe;jp – [t`Hyhy; NeU –
md;W mtrpakhdJ.
rpq;fs kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ftdj;Jf;Fl;gl;l jpahfuh[ ghftjH – gp.A.rpd;dg;gh xUjlit mtuJ fhyj;jpy; fhe;jp
tplaky;y. mJ Kw;Nghf;F rpq;fstH 4. nfhOk;G jiyefukhf ,Ue;jgbahy; – jpiug; g l ebfHfs; fiythzH n[ae;jp jpdk; [pe;Jg;gpl;b KUfd;
kj; j papy; “jkpy [dj; j ht" (jkpo; Vw;fdNt mq;fpUe;j ,e;jpa (ngUk;ghYk; vd;.v];.fpU\;zd;> kJuk; jk;gjpaH jpNal;lupy; mDl;bf;fg;gl;lJ. gpNukjh]
kf;fs;) my;yJ “jputpl [dj;jht" nrl;behl;lhH)> jkpoHfSk; tHj;jf KjyhNdhiu Kjy; Kjypy; tuNtw;w h> [pe;Jg;gpl;bapd; Guhjd kfpikia
(jpuhtpl kf;fs;) vd;w gjKk; ,dj;Jt Nehf;fpYk; fy;tp> cj;jpNahf mbg;ilapy; ,lKk; [pe;Jg;gpl;bjhd;. gy fiyQHfs; vLj;Jf;$wp fhe;jpabfspd; nra;jpfisg;
ghHitapy; “njkSd; " vd jkpo; tho;e;j ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfSk; ,ilj; – Ngr; r hsHfs; – vOj; j hsHfs; – gbj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J mg;gFjp tHj;jfg;
kf;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; Rl;Lk; epiyAk; njhlHG nfhs;Sk; efukhf nfhOk;ig cUthfpaJk; ,q; F jhd; . ' vd; w hH gpuKfHfsplk; twpa kf; f Sf; f hf
fhzg; g LfpwJ. rpq; f s kf; f spy; jskhf nfhz;ldH. Mdhy;> tHj;jf etNrhjp.
efukhjyhy; kw;iwa gpuNjrq;fspd; cjtpf;fuk; ePl;bdhH.
,d;DnkhU rhuhH ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfis
“ahg;gz njky fl;ba" (aho;g;ghzj; msTf;F ,tHfspilNaahd cwT ' mg;gbah...? vkJ jiyKiwf;F ,e;j ,e; j epfo; r ; r papy; gpNukjh]htpd;
jkpoHfs;) vd;Wk;> kiyafj; jkpoH te;j kf;fs; ghkuHfshf ,Ue;jdH. Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ngwtpy;iy. tuyhW njupahJ! njupe;j ePq;fs;jhd; ciuiaaLj;J KUfd; jpNal;lupy;
,e; j epiyapy; ,uz; L tif gpupj;jhdpaH ,yq;if kz;zpy; ghku vOjNtz;Lk;.' vd;Nwd;. upr; r Hl; ml; l d; g Nuhtpd; fhe; j p
fis “tj; J f; f u njky fl; b a" jkpoHfSf;Fkhd NtWghLfs;> cs;sff; ,e;jpa njhopyhspfspd; gps;isfSf;F
jpiug; g lKk; fhz; g pf; f g; g l; l J.
(Njhl;lGw jkpoHfs;) vd;Wk; tpsq;fp fl;likg;G Nghd;Nw ,ilj; njhlHG gw;wp ~ghlk;| nrhy;ypf; nfhLf;f vz;zpaNghJ 5. 1948f; F gpd; kiyaf kf; f s; ahH ,e;j etNrhjp..? ,e;epfo;rr; pf;F etNrhjp kw;Wk; tPuNfrup
itj;Js;sdH. ghHg;gJTk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpypUe;Jk;> (c+k;: vOj;jhsH@ FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;L ,e;jpahTf;F jfdk; nra;ag;gl;L> kWehs; kahdj;jpy; fijg;g+q;fh> Xbg;Nghdtd;> ehl;Lg; mYtyf epUgH rD}d; MfpNahUld;
,J fhy mbg;gilapy; epfo;fpwJ. njsptj;ij N[hrg; mtHfspd; je;ij) jpUk;gp mDg;gg;gl;ldH. mNjNeuk; 1970 Nrfupf; f g; g Lk; m]; j p cwtpdHfs; ghlypy; kiyaf tuyhW> ,yf;fpa nrd;Nwd;.
vJ vt; t hnwdpDk; “jkpo; " nkhop ,yq; i fapd; tlfpof; F gFjpapy; fspy; rpq;fs ,df;fytuj;jpypUe;J tlf; f pd; ,lJrhupj; NjhoH mkuH trjpg;gpufhuk; 16 ehl;fspy; my;yJ kfspH ,ja Ntl; i f> gy; y tH
vd;w mbg;gilapy; xd;whf itj;J 1. kiyaf jkpoHfs; ,yq;iff;F ,Ue;Jk; MrpupaHfis nfhz;L te;jdH. ghJfhg;G vDk; Nehf;NfhL td;dpapy; tp.nghd;dk;gyk; mtHfs; jdJ kfDf;F 31 ehl;fspy; me;jpNa\;b fpupiaf;fhf fhyKk; gf;jpf; NfhyKk; Kjyhd E} md; W gytUlq; f Sf; F Kd; d H
Nehf;fg;gLk; ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfSk;> mioj; J tug; g l; l fhyg; g Fjpapy; ,jpy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;J te;jtHfis tpl FbNaWfpd;wdH. td;dp ngU epyg;gug;ig khtyp vd; W jhd; ngaH #l; b dhH! nfhOk;G Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; fiuf;fg;gLk;. y;fspd; MrpupaH. Vuhskhd Muha;r;rpf; nfhOk;gpy; fsdp fq;ifAk; flYk;
kiyafj; jkpoHfSk; “jkpoP o k; " ,e;jpahtpd; kz;lgk; gFjpapy; nfhz;L ,yq;ifapd; tlf;fpypUe;J te;jtHfNs nghUshjhu tskhf;fpajpy; (fhlopj;J ,yq;ifapy; khtyp vd;w ngaupYk; gy tUlq; f Sf; F Kd; d H vdJ fl; L iufis ,yq; i f – ,e; j pa rq;fkpf;Fk; Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; vd;idr;
vd;w jdpehl;L Nfhupf;ifapd;ghw;gl;l NrHf;fg;gl;L ,yq;ifapd; jiykd;dhH mjpfk; . gyH jpUk; g p nrd; w dH. fsdp vd; w ngaupYk; ,yf; f pa cwtpdH xUtupd; m];jp fiug;gjw;F gj;jpupiffspy; vOjpatH. jkpouha;r;rp
Aj;jj;jpy; xNu Jauj;Jf;F cs;shdhHfs; flw; gug;gpy; jiuapwf;fg;gl;L mioj;J rpyH kiyafj; j pNyNa jq; f pdH. njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -23 ) rpw;wpjo;fs; ntspahfpapUf;fpd;wd. nfhOk;G Kfj;Jthuk; nrd;wpUe;Njd;. khehLfSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltH. njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -23 )
 nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018. nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
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A®£õøÓ ©õÁmhz uªÇºPÒ : (Kº Aµ]¯À öÁmk•P®)- £Sv 06 kl;lf;fsg;Gj; njhFjpapNy fl;rpf;Fs; vOe;j

£õºzu bõ£P® CÀø»÷¯õ? myupf;]; I];fpuPk;

(nts;stj;ijapy; ,Ue;j
myupf;]pd; gpf;fhbyp fNg kpfTk; Kd; d dp rhHgpy; jkpoH tpLjiyf;
nghj;Jtpy; njhFjp ,ul;il mq;fj;jtH
njhFjpahfg;ngw;w Nehf;fj;ijNa
,uhrJiu vjpH ftpQH fhrp Mde;jd;
gpur;rpidiaj; jPHg;gjw;Fg; nghj;Jtpy;
njhFjpapNy fhrp Mde;jid Ntl;ghsuhf
tpUg;gj;Jf;FupaJ.) $l;lzp jdJ cja #upad; rpd;dj;jpy;
,y;yhkw; nra;J tplf;$ba ,t; Mgj;ij
E[PÒ uõ°h® ÷Pmk¨ £õ¸[PÒ Ntl;ghsHfshf epWj;jpapUe;jJ.

1972 ,y; ,yq;ifapd;

mk;ghiw khtl;lj; jkpoHfs; ,j;NjHjypy;
vjpHNehf;fpapUe;jhHfs;. ,jidg; gpd;tUkhW
epWj;jTk;> jpUNfhzkiyj; njhFjpapNy
fl; r pf; F s; vOe; j ,uh.rk; g e; j d; vjpH
jq;fj;Jiu gpur;rpidiaj; jPHg;gjw;Fj;

, d; W re; i jahdJ cw; g j; j pg;

nghUl;fspdhy; epuk;gp topfpd;wJ>
rhj; j pakhd thbf; i fahsHfisf;
cl;gl) ntspapl;lJ. mit ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;l ntspehl;L juq;fSld;>
epWtdk; ,Wjpahf %lg;gLk; tiu
cUthf;fg;gl;l ik> vd;fpw rpwg;igAk;
ngw;wJ. Fapq;f; ik 1931y; mnkupf;fr;
re; i jf; F mwpKfk; nra; a g; g l; L
FbauR murpayikg; G mwpKfj; i jj;
njhlHe;J> ,yq;ifj; jkpouRf; fl;rpAk;
mfpy ,yq;ifj; jkpo; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpAk;
tpsf;fyhk;.

1977 NjHjypd; NghJ

jq; f j; J iu mtHfisg; nghj; J tpy;
njhFjpapNy Ntl;ghsuhf epWj;jTk; vd
Nahridfs; Nkw;nfhz;l tz;zk; ,Ue;jdH.
ftHe;jpOg;gjw;fhf xt;nthd;Wk; tpiutpNyNa INuhg;gh> mT];jpNuypah nghj; J tpy; njhFjpapy; K]; y pk; ,J cz;ikapy; mjd; fl;rp murpay;
ntw;wpfukhfg; Nghl;bapl;lJ. ,ize; J 'jkpoH $l; l zp'ahfpg; gpd;
kw;wtw;Wld; Nghl;b Nghl;b NghLfpd;wd. ,e;jpah kw;Wk; fPioj;Njrq;fs; Nghd;w thf;fhsHfspd; vz;zpf;if RkhH 27>000@ eyid kl;LNk rhHe;j kf;fs; eyd; rhuhj
1976 tl;Lf;Nfhl;il khehl;by; 'jkpoH
re;ijapd; ngupa gq;fpidg; ngWk;
tifapy; tzpfq;fSld; ,ize;J>
jq;fs; ghHit tsuNtz;Lk;
Nfhghy; gw;nghb
(gw; g ir
,lq;fSf;F cyfshtpa tpepNahfj;ij
fpilg; g jw; F Kd; G Muk; g pj; j J. =yq; f htpy; Fapq; f ; >
gw;nghb gad;ghl;by; ,Ue;jJ) fg;gpl;ly; kfhuh[h epWtdj;Jf;Fr;
G jpa nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapd; tlf;F
vy;iyahff; fhiujPTf; fpuhkKk; njw;F
vy;iyahff; FKf;fd; MWk; mike;jd.
tpLjiyf; $l;lzp' vdg; ngaH khw;wk;
ngw;W NjHjy; jpizf;fsj;jpy; murpay;
fl;rpahfg; gjpT nra;ag;ngw;W mq;fpfhuk;
jkpo; thf;fhsHfspd; vz;zpf;if RkhH
16>000@ rpq;fs thf;fhsHfspd; vz;zpf;if
RkhH 5000. mg;NghJ = yq;fh K];ypk;
Fzhk;rj;jpd; ntspg;ghNl.

mg;NghJ ,f; fl;Liu

vd;gjw;fhf ju milahsk;> nrhe;jkhd vk;MH tpepNahf];jHfshy; 1976k; Mz;bd; NjHjy; njhFjp vy;iyfs; fhq;fpu]; fl;rp cUthfpapUf;ftpy;iy. MrpupaH jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd;
ngw; W mjw; F cja#upad; rpd; d Kk;
tpsk;guk; kw;Wk; re;ij Ntiyfs; kPs; epHzaj;jpd; NghJ Kd;gpUe;j epe;jt+H K]; y pk; Ntl; g hsHfs; nghj; J tpy; nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapd; kj;jpa nraw;FO
gpsh];upf; Foha;fspy; milf;fgl;Ls;s (,g; N ghJ rHtNjr moFrhjdg; toq;fg; ngw;wpUe;jJ. 1977 NjHjypd; NghJ
njhFjpapNy ,U gpujhd Njrpaf;fl;rpfshd
vd;gdtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;fpd;wd. 2.1 njhFjp ePf;fg;ngw;W nghj;Jtpy; (,ul;il cWg;gpduhftpUe;jhH. nghj;Jtpy;
gw;gir fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;G nghUl;fs; (jdpahH) ypkpll;) tpepNahfk; = yq;fh K];ypk; fhq;fpu]; vd;w fl;rp
a+.vd;.gp apYk; =yq;fh Rje;jpuf;fl;rpapYk;
Nfhb rdj;njhif nfhz;l =yq;fh nra;ag;gl;lJ. =yq;fhtpy; Fapq;f; mq;fj;jtH njhFjp)> fy;Kid> rk;khe;Jiw> cUthfp ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vk;.vr;.vk; m];ug; njhFjpia re;Njfj;jpw;fplkpd;wp
myupf; ] ; I]; f uP k ; kw; W k; mij mk; g hiw Mfpa ehd; F njhFjpfshf Nghl; b apLtH. jkpo; Ntl; g hsH jkpoH jkpoHfs; ntd; n wLf; f Ntz; L khapd;
Jupjkhf tsUk; xU re; i jiaf; ik> ePyk; kw;Wk; rptg;G Mfpa ,uz;L cw;gj;jp nra;j ,yq;ifapd; Kjy; mtHfs; K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;ddp rhHgpy;
nfhz; L s; s J. Mdhy; nghUl; f s; > epwq;fspy; fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ@ mk;ghiw khtl;lk; tFf;fg;ngw;wJ. tpLjiyf; $ l; l zpapy; epWj; j g; n gWthH. RNar; i rahf Nghl; b apLk; jHkypq; f k;
I];fuPk; ghHyH Md gpf;fhbyp fNg jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd; eltbf;iff;
vg;NghJk; ,e;j tpiuthd Ntfk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; Cw;Wg; Ngdhf;fspd; ghtid K];ypk;fSk; rpq;fstHfSk; ,U gpujhd mtHfspdhy; gpupf;fg;ngWk; thf;Ffis
Mfpait xUNghJk; kwf;f Kbahjgb FOtpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhH. K];ypk; If;fpa
Nghl;bf;F nghUj;jkhdjhf ,y;iy. epw;Fk; tiu mJ jPntq;fpYk; gutyhfg; ,e;j NghJ eilKiwapd; Njrpaf; fl;rpfshd a+.vd;.gp f;Fk; =yq;fh <Lnra;af; Fiwe;jgl;rk; 1000 ,ypUe;J
epidtpy; mr;rplg;gl;Ls;sd. myupf;]; Kd; d zpapy; ,ize; J mjd; rhHgpy;
Kg;gJ> ehw;gJ tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Kd;ida kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpw;Fs; Rje;jpuf; fl;rpf;Fk; gpupj;J thf;fspg;gH. 1500 tiuapyhd K];ypk; thf;Ffisg;
I];fuPk;> 1949y; myupf;]; B rpy;th jkpoH tpLjiyf;$l;lzpapd; eltbf;iff;
tHj;jfk; nkJthdjhfTk;> Fiwthd fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; fPo; mike;jpUe;J K]; y pk; thf; f hsHfspdJk; rpq; f s ngwf;$ba msT K];ypk;fspilNaAk;
tpkyuj;d vd;gtuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. FOtpy; ,lk; ngWtjw;F Kd;dhy; m];ug;
gpd; d H nkhdhuhfiy khtl; l j; J ld; thf;fhsHfspdJk; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; nry;thf;Fkpf;f jkpo;
vz;zpf;ifapyhd ju milahsKs;s Nuhy; Nwkz;l; mJ kpfTk; gpugykhd ~I];nrhf;| kw;Wk; ,izf;fg;ngw;W Cth khfhzj;jpd; fPo;
mtHfs; jd;id = yq;fh Rje;jpu fl;rpapd;
27000 + 5000 = 32000 MFk;. ,J ,U Ntl;ghsH xUtNu jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp
nghUl;fisf; nfhz;ljhfTk; kw;Wk; ~gkpyp Gnshf;| vd;gdtw;iw tpw;gid MjuthsuhfNt milahsk; fhl;bapUe;jhH.
tho;f;if vspjhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. nfhz;Ltug;ngw;wpUe;j tpe;jidg; gw;W gpujhd Njrpaf; fl;rpfSf;Fk; rup ghjpahf Ntl;ghsuhf epWj;jg;ngwNtz;Lk; vd;Wk;
nra;J te;jJ. ,jpy;> %d;W tifahd gpuNjrk; (tpe;jidg; gw;W tlf;F-kfhXah> g; gpupfpwJ vd itj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. mg;gbg; mjw; F g; nghUj; j khdtH nghj; J tpy;
mg;NghJ =yq;fhthrpfSf;F Vuhskhd gw; f isr; Rj; j k; nra; a gw; n ghb Rit nfhz; l I]; f pwP k ; f s; xU K]; y pk; If; f pa Kd; d zpf; F k; jkpoH
nghUl;fs; cs;te;J Ftpe;Jtpltpy;iy> GS ghd;l; kh[uPd; tpe; j idg; gw; W njw; F -gjpaj; j yht) gpupgLk; NghJ 32000 / 2 =16000 MFk;. fpuhkj;jpy; fzprkhd K];ypk; thf;Ffisg;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. gw;girapd; ml;ilg;ngl;bapy; milf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. tpLjiyf; $l; l zpf; F k; ,ilapy;
Mdhy; mjw; F khwhf me; j (rpwpkhNth gz; l huehaf; f htpd; mk;ghiwj; njhFjpf;Fs; cs;thq;fg;ngw;W jkpoHfspd; vz;zpf;ifAk; 16000 MFk;. ,e; ngwf;$ba njhopy; mjpguhd fhyQ;nrd;w
mDgtj; j pw; F Kd; d H gy; N tW ,J gpsh]; u pf; kw; W k; nghypjP d ; XH xg; g e; j k; vOjg; n gw; W jkpoP o f;
Neuj; j py; mtHfSf; F f; fpilj; j fhyj;jpy; kh[uPd; vd;fpw jhtu mk; g hiw khtl; l j; J ld; ,ize; J epiyapy; a+.vd;.gp: =yq;fh Rje;jpuf; fl;rp: vk;.fdful;zk; mtHfNs vd;Wk;> K];ypk;
tifahd nghUl;fs; nghb Nghd; w it jkJ jP a fuq; f is Nfhupf;ifia K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;ddpAk;
rpy nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L mtHfs; ntz;nza;> gl;liuf; fhl;bYk; kPz;Lk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpf;F tpof; $ba If;fpa Kd;dzpAld; xg;ge;jk; vOjntdf;
nra;ag;gl;L gw;fisr; Rj;jkhf;fTk; ntF[d cw; g j; j pg; nghUl; f s; k P J Vw;Wf;nfhz;ljd; mbg;gilapNyNa 1977k;
tho;f;ifia ed;F mDgtpj;jhHfs;. vspjpy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ.) tug;ngw;wJ. mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpYk; mjd; thf;Ffspd; tpfpjk; 16000 : 16000 : 16000 fy; K id te; j pUe; j jkpoH tpLjiyf;
ntz;ikahf;fTk; gad;gl;ld. Guhjd gug;Gtjw;F Kd;G ele;jJ. mjdhy; Mz;Lg; nghJj;NjHjypy; ,yq;ifapd; rpy
mNjNtis fPNo gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;s ju %yk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk; rpq;fstHfspd; = 1:1:1 vd mikAk;. ,J XH Mgj;jhd $l;lzpr; nrayhsH ehafk; fhyQ;nrd;w
NuhkhGupapy; vYk;Gfs;> kpUfq;fspd; myupf;]; I];fpuPk; nghUl;fs; ml;ilg; NjHjy; njhFjpfspy; K];ypk; If;fpa
milahsq;fisf; nfhz;l nghUl;fs; mjd; rpd; d khd kQ; r s; epwj; j py; vz;zpf;ifiaf; $l;Lk; nraw;ghNl ,J. epiyik. jkpoHfSila thf;Ffs; rpjwp m.mkpHjypq;fk; mtHfisf; fy;Kidiar;
nfhk;Gfs; kw;Wk; Fsk;Gfs; Nghd;wit ngl; b fspy; nghjp nra; a g; g l; l d. Kd;ddpapd; Ntl;ghsHfs; jkpoH tpLjiyf;
mg;NghJ kpfTk; gpugykhditahf ePyg; gl;b milahsk; nfhz; l GS tpl;lhy; jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapy; NrHe;jtUk; mg;NghJ nghj;Jtpy; ,yq;if
gw;nghb jaupf;fg; gad;gl;ld> Mdhy; I];fpuPk; Nghd;w nghUl;fs; ,d;dKk; $l; l zpapd; cja#upad; rpd; d j; j py;
,Ue;jtw;Ws; rpythFk;> ,d;W mit ghd;l; kh[uPd;jhd; me;jf; fhyj;jpy; 1976,y; Gjpa nghj;Jtpy; njhFjp Nghl;bapLk; jkpo; Ntl;ghsH %d;whtJ tq; f p CopaUkhd n[fehjd; kw; W k;
=yq;fhtpy; kpfTk; gpugykhd ~Nfhghy; gy tPLfspy; nra;ag;gl;LtUfpd;wd. Nghl;bapl;ldH.
,y; i y> ngupaJk; kw; W k; mjpfk; ,ul;il mq;fj;jtH njhFjpahf;fg;ngw;w ,lj;Jf;Fj; js;sg;ngw;W Njrpaf; fl;rpfspy; fhyQ;nrd;w rpthee;jd; MfpNahH rfpjk;
gw;nghb| ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp vdNt> xU myupf;]; I];fpuPKf;fhf jk;gpag;gh NfhghyfpU];dd; me;j tifapy;
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; ju milahsq; fhuzj; j hy; Rje; j pu ,yq; i fapy; 30 Nghl;bapLk; ,U K];ypk; Ntl;ghsHfSNk ,f; fl;Liu MrpupaH nrd;W Nehpy; re;jpJJ
nra; a g; g l; l J. fuhk; G > fy; r pak; gpf; f hbyp fNgf; F r; nry; t J xU fy;Kidj; njhFjpapy; rl;lj;juzp rk;RjPDk;>
nfhz;l nghUl;fs; ,d;W re;ijia Mz; L fSf; F g; gpd; d H Kjd; Kjyhf 1k;> 2k; ,lj;ijg; ngw;W ,U ghuhSkd;w typAWj;jpaJ kl;Lky;yhky;> njhlHe;J
fhgNdw; W > ikNuhghyd; kug; n ghb> tpUe; J grhukhfNt fUjg; g l; l J. rk; k he; J iwj; njhFjpapy; rl; l j; j uzp
ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Mdhy; ,d;Wk; mk; g hiw khtl; l j; jkpoHfSf; F j; cWg;gpdHfSNk K];ypk;fshfNt nghj; J tpy; njhFjp jkpoH tpLjiyf;
fWth> rf;fupd; kw;Wk; mkue; ,iyg;nghb myupf;]; jdJ I];fpuPkf ; is xU thd; `hrpKk;> jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lj;jpy; %J}
Vuhskhd kf;fs; jq;fs; tho;f;iff; jq; f Sf; n fd murpay; gpujpepjpj; J tk; te;JtpLtH. 1965> kw;Wk; 1970 Mz;Lj; $l;lzpf; fpisf; $l;lnkhd;wpidj; jdJ
cl;gl cyHe;j %ypiffshy; ,e;jg; %yKk; tpw;gid nra;J te;jhH> me;j Hj; njhFjpapy; v];.vk; kf;fPd; vd;gtUk;
fhl;rpapy; mit ngw;wpUe;j kjpg;ghd xd;wpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F tha;g;G NjHjy; f spy; RNaw; i rahf Kd; i da Vw;ghl;by; jk;gpYtpy; mkuH mupaehafk;
gw; n ghb jahupf; f g; g l; l J. tptuz thd; fspahl;l tpohf;fs;> re;ijfs; tlNky; khfhzj;jpy; Gj;jsk; njhFjpapy;
,lj;ij Vf;fj;Jld; epidT$UfpwhHfs;. Vw;gLj;jg; ngw;wJ. 1977k; Mz;bd; nghJj; nghj; J tpy; njhFjpapy; Nghl; b apl; L j; tP l ; by; mf; f iug; g w; W MiyabNtk; G f;
Mjhuq;fs; njuptpg;gjd;gb =yq;fhtpd; kw;Wk; gpw xd;W$ly;fSf;Fr; nrd;W lhf;lH ,ypah]; mtHfSk; cja #upad;
NjHjypd; gpd;dH mNj Mz;L 12.09.1977 Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpapUe;j jk;gpYtpiyr; fpuhkj;ijr; NrHe;jtUk; jkpoH tpLjiyf;
rdj; n jhifapy; 50 tpfpjj; J f; F k; jdJ tpw;gidia elj;jpaJ. rpd;dj;jpy; Nghl;bapl;ldH. jkpoPok; vd;gJ
,uz;L ahidfs; Nghl;l jPg;ngl;b Nkyhd kf;fl; njhifapdH tof;fkhd md; W eilngw; w ,ilj; NjHjypy; NrHe;j vd;.jUkypq;fk; mtHfs; epr;rak; $l;lzpapd; Kf;fpa];jUkhd fhyQ;nrd;w
(,uz;L ahidfs; jPg;ngl;bfs; rptg;G kw;Wk; nts;is epwg; fljhrpg; iyy;]; Nfhy;ld; rpug;
nghj; J tpy; njhFjpapd; ,uz; l htJ jk;gpag;gh NfhghyfpU];zz; RNar; irahf 1977 NjHjypYk; Nghl;bapLthH
vd;w epiyikapypUe;jJ jkpouRf; fl;rpiar;
rptQhdr; nry;tf;FUf;fs; (jhbf;FUf;fs;)
=yq;fhtpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld) igfspy; te;j Nfhghy; gw;nghbapidg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; jkpoH tpLjiyf; mtHfspd; jiyikapNy $l;b nghj;Jtpy;
$l;lzp Ntl;ghsH vk;.fdful;zk; mtHfs; NrHe;j mwg;NghH mupaehafj;jpw;Fk; (,j; njhFjpapd; jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp
gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. (iyy;|]; Nfhy;ld; rpug; nfhOk;gpy; Gj; j sj; i jAk; cs; s lf; f paJ vd; w
,uz;L ahidfs; Kj;jpiu gjpj;j njupthdhH. NjHjy; rkaj;jpy; ,tH fhykhfpapUe;jhH) Ntl;ghsuhf vk;.fdful;zj;jpd; ngaiuNa
kpfTk; gpugykhdJ) vLNfhspd; mbg;gilapy; jkpoPok; vd;gJ
vd;.jHkypq;fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; Kd;gpUe;j nghj; J tpy; njhFjp jkpoH tpLjiyf;
Fapq;f; ik jkpoHfSk; K];ypk;fSk; ,ize;j jkpo;
1977k; Mz;Lg; ghuhSkd;wg; cs;@H murpay; gifikia Kd;itj;J $l; l zpf; fpis jP H khdpg; g jw; f hfj;
(ge;JKidg; Ngdh mwpKfkhtjw;F NgRk; kf;fSf;fhdJ vd;w jkpoH tpLjiyf;
jw;Nghija m];l;uh kh[uPidg; Nghy iyy;|]; Nfhy;ld; rpug; vd;gJ 1800 fspy; nghJj;NjHjy; ehL jOtpajhf mt;thz;L $l;lzpapd; nfhs;ifwpd; gb jkpo; NgRk;
jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp vd;.jHkypq;fj;jpw;F jPHkhdnkhd;wpid ,f; fl;Liu MrpupaH
Kd; G Fapq; f ; ik gpugykhdjhf
Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jJ. ~uhkh|> ~fd;lu; p FNuhf;|> yz;ldpy; cs;s Vgpuhk; iyy; md;l; Nk khjk; eilngw; w J. nghj; J tpy; kf; f spd; mjpfgl; r khd thf; F fis-
Ntl;ghsH epakdk; toq;fkhl;lhJ. rhj;jpakhf;fpdhH.
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kw;Wk; ~nlhupahdh| Nghd;w Vida ehl;L njhFjpapy; RNar;irahfg; Nghl;bapl;l Mizia-jdpehl; L f; Nfhupf; i ff; F
kh[uPd;fSk; GS ghd;l; vd;fpw ju mf;fiug;gw;iwr; NrHe;jtUk;> = yq;fh nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapy; jkpoH tpLjiy ,f; $l; l j; j pw; F j; jiyik jhq; f pa
ge;JKidg; Ngdh vd miof;fg;gLk; Mjuthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhfNt 1977
milahsj;Jld; AdpyPtH epwtdj;jhy; Rje;jpu fl;rpiar; NrHe;jtUkhd ruzghy $l;lzpapd; Ntl;ghsH epakdj;ij vd;. rptQhdr;nry;tf;FUf;fs; mtHfspdhy;
Nghy; nghapd;l; Ngdhf;fs; re;ijia NjHjypy; jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzp ,t;thW
=yq;fhtpy; tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;ld. vd; g tH NjHjYf; F Kd; j pdk; thfd jUkypq;fk; mtHfSf;F toq;Fk;gb cs;SH ifr; r hj; j plg; n gw; w ,j; j P H khdj; j pd;
ifg;gw;Wk; Kd; Fapq;f; Cw;Wg; Ngdh rpy njhFjpfspy; K];ypk; Ntl;ghsHfis
rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaf;fhtpd; fhyj;jpy; tpgj;njhd;wpy; kuzkile;jjhy; mg;NghJ jkpoH tpLjiy $l;lzp Kf;fpa];jHfs; %yg;gpujpAld; jkpo; ,isQH Nguit
K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;dzp rhHgpy; mg;NghJ
gl; l H xU Mlk; g ug; nghUshf mKypypUe;j NjHjy; tpjpfspd; gb nghj;Jtpy; rpyH jpU. mkpHjypq;fj;jplk; Nfl;bUe;jhHfs;. Kf;fpa];jH nghd;.Nfhghy;> fhyQ;nrd;w
epWj; j pajhff; fUjg; n gw; w J. ,g; N ghJ
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epidj;jhy; ,r;nraw;ghL murpaypy; vt;tsT
gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;> midj;J tpjj;jpYk; xj; j pitf; f g; ngw; W ,ilj; N jHjyhf jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l; l zp Ntl; g hsH ,isQHfisAk; NrHj;Jf;nfhz;L nfhOk;G
rpWgps;isj;jdkhdJ vd;gJ njupfpwJ.
jP g ; n gl; b fspy; > ,uz; L ahidfs; ,J gd;wpf; nfhOg;gpd; Ritapid 12.09.1977 md;W eilngw;wJ. epakdk; toq;fpdhy; mupaehafj;jpd; Mj;kh nrd;W mg;NghJ jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpj;
mjidg; gpwpnjhU ge;jpapy; tpsf;fyhk;.
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rptg;G epwg; gpd;dzpapy; fhzg;gLk;> jhtu vz;nzapdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ> 1976k; Mz;L tl;Lf;Nfhl;il $wpaij ,f;fl;Liu MrpupaH jdJ fhjhy; mtHfspd; kUjhid nehwp]; rdy;
1976k; Mz;bd; NjHjy; vy;iyfs; kPs;
1970fspy ,J =yq;fhtpy; kpfTk; Njitahd nfhOg;G khehl; b y; jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l; l zp Nfl;bUe;jhH. tPl;by; $ba jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l;lzpapd;
epHzaj;jpd; NghJ nghj;Jtpy; ,ul;il
gpygykhd jPg;ngl;bahFk;. ,e;j tif jdpehl;Lf;fhd-jkpoPoj;jpw;fhd-jPHkhdj;ij mq;fj;jtH njhFjpahf;fg;ngw;Wj; jkpoH NjHjy; epakdf; FOf; $l; l j; j py;
jPgn; gl;b cs;ehl;by; rpNyhd; kr; fk;gdp capHr; r j; J f; f s; V>b kw; W k; < epiwNtw;wp mjw;Fj; jkpoHfspd; Miziag; ,e;j epiyapy; jUkypq;fk; RNar;irahfg; itj; J mkpHjypq; f k; mtHfsplk;
xUtH ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; njupT
ypkpl;lbdhy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ> vd; g dtw; i wf; nfhz; b Ug; g Jld; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; rHt[d thf;nfLg;ghf Nghl; b apLk; g l; r j; j py; Fiwe; j J 5000 Neubahff; ifaspj; J vk; . fdful; z k;
nra;ag;ngw tha;gG ; Vw;gLj;jg;ngw;wnjdpDk;
fLikahd re;ijg; Nghl;bapy; Nghuhb ghlrhiyfspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fupa 1977 NjHjiy mwptpj;jpUe;jJ. mNjNtis thf;FfisahtJ gpupj;JtpLthH. mg;gbg; mtHfisg; nghj; J tpy; njhFjpapd;
,j;njhFjp file;njLf;fg;ngw;w
capH tho;e;j ,e;j epWtdk; ,g;NghJ gps; i sfspd; jpwid Nkk; g Lj; J k; Kd;G 1970 k; Mz;Lg; nghJj; NjHjypy; gpupj;Jtpl;lhy; nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapypUe;J jkpoH tpLjiyf; $ l; l zp Ntl; g hsuhf
ik =yq;fhtpy; kpfTk; gpugykhdJ. rz;]; vd;fpw Rj;jpfupg;G Miyapy; tpjkhdJ> K];ypk;:jkpo;:rpq;fs
,y;iy. 1977y; ,wf;Fjpf; fl;Lg;ghL Mw;wy; nfhz;lJ. GS ghd;l;> uhkh> fy;Kidj; njhFjpapy; jkpouRf;fl;rpapy; njupT nra;ag;gLk; ,UtUNk K];ypk; epakpf;fr; nra;tjpy; ,f;fl;Liu MrpupaH
jahupf;fg;gl;l xU jbkdhd rPdpg; thf;fhsHfSf;fpilNaAs;s tpfpjkhdJ
ePf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;dH caH juj;jpyhd fd;lu; p Fnuhf; kw;Wk; Nlhupahdh Nghd;w Nghl;bapl;L ntw;wp ta;g;ig ,oe;jpUe;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfshfpLtH. ntw;wpaPlb; dhH. ,tupd; ,r; nraw;ghl;bYs;s
mJ gpugykhd Cw; W g; Ngdhj; ghzpahFk;. mJ cyfpNyNa kpfTk; 'fuzk; jg;gpdhy; kuzk;' vd;w epiyapy;
jPg;ngl;bfs; ,e;jpah kw;Wk; rPdhtpy; cw;gj;jpfs; mit gpugykhf ,Ue;j lhf;lH cJkhnyt;itapd; jiyikapy; ,e;j Mgj;ij czuhj jkpoH tpLjiyf; ajhHj;jj;ijAk; mwpTg+Htkhd murpay;
jahupg; g hsuhd ghHf; f H Ngdh goikahd gpuhd;l; kw;Wk; nghjpaikg;G jkpoHfspd; thf;Ffs; rw;Wr;g; ghjfkhfr;
,Ue;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;ld> ,J fhyj;jpy; 65 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspy; 'K];ypk; If;fpa Kd;ddp' vDk; mikg;G $l;lzpapd; caHgPlj;jpdH toik Nghy; je; j pNuhghaj; i jAk; 1977k; Mz; b d;
epWtdj;jpd; cw;gj;jpahFk;. mj;Jld; vd;gdtw;Wf;fhf 2006k; Mz;L fpd;d]; rpjwptpLkhapd; jkpo; kf;fSf;Fupj;jhd
mNef rpwpaju cw;gj;jpahsHfs; jq;fs; EfHT nra;ag;gl;ld. cUthfpapUe;jJ. nghj; J tpy; njhFjpj; jkpoHfSld; nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapd; ghuhSkd;wg; nghJj;
1928y; mJ khw; w k; nra; a g; g l; L cyf rhjid epiyehl;b mq;fPfhuk; ghuhSkd;wg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk;$l
epWtdq;fis %Ltjw;F epHg;ge;jpj;jJ. 1977 ,y; fy;Kid> fye;jhNyhrpahJ nghj;Jtpy; njhFjpapNy NjHjypd; KbTfs; mjhtJ 12.09.1977
midj;Jtif Cw;Wg; Ngdhf;fSf;Fk; ngw;wJ. mJ 1885y; Kjypy; jfuj;jpy; K];ypk; Ntl;ghsH xUtuplk; gwpNgha;
vdpDk; rpNyhd; kr; fk;gdp ypkpll; rk;khe;Jiw NjHjy; njhFjpfspy; KiwNa jkpoH tpLjiyf; $l; l zp rhHgpy; md; W eilngw; w nghj; J tpy; njhFjp
ghJfhg; g hfg; gad; g Lj; jg; g lf; $ba milf;fgl;L tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,j;njhFjpapypUe;J njupT nra;ag;ngWk;
,e;j rthy;fis vjpHj;J epd;W jdJ rl;lj;juzpfs; V.vy;.vk;.rk;RjPd;> vr;.vy;. fhyQ;nrd;w K.jpUr;nry;tk; mtHfis ,ilj;NjHjypd; KbTfs; njspTgLj;Jk;.
tifapy; nghJthd gad;ghl;Lf;fhf ,U gpujpepjpfSk; K]; y pk; f shfNt
cw;gj;jpfis (,uz;L ahid gpuhd;l; njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -23 ) vk;.`hrpk; MfpNahiu K];ypk; If;fpa (ePyd; jpUr;nry;tj;jpd; je;ij) epWj;jTk;> --njhlUk;--
,Ue;Jtplf;$ba Mgj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
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cz;ikahff; nfhs;sKbatpy;iy.
jpUf;Nfhtpypd; rupahd ngaH vd;W>
%d; W Nfhtpy; vd; W rpq; f sj; j py;
nghUs;gLk; Jd;Nfhtpy (Tuncoule)
vd;w ngaiu FtNuh]; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.
jpUf;Nfhtpiy ~jpupf;Nfhtpy;| (jpup =
%d;W) vd;W gpioahfg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L
mtuJ rpq;fs cjtpahsH ,ijr;
nrhy;ypapUf;ff;$Lk;. ,Nj Fog;gNk
jpUf;Nfhzkiyapd; ngaH tplaj;jpYk;
(jpupNfhzkiy?) epytpte; j ij –
epytptUtij ehk; fhzyhk;.
jpUf;Nfhtpypd; rupahd ngaH jpupfN; fhtpy;
vd; g jw; F Ntnwe; j rhd; W fSk;
fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;if nkhoptof;fpy;
mj;jifa xU ngaUf;fhd tha;g;Gk;
kpf mupJ. epiyik ,g;gbapUf;f>
~Tuncoule| vd;gij Jq;Nfhs vd;W
thrpj; J jpUf; N fhtpypd; gioa
ngaH ~Jq; f Nfhsg; g l; b dk; | vd; W
nrhy;Yk; fl;Liufs; fle;j fhyj;jpy;
vOjg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. fpof;fpyq;if
tuyhw;wwpQHfs; gyH FtNuhrpd; $w;iw
mg;gbNa ek;gp> jpUf;Nfhtpypy; %d;W
NfhGuq;fs; ,Ue;jd vd;Wk; vOjp
itj;Jr; nrd;wpUf;fpwhHfs;.
cz; i kapy; FtNuh]; NfhGuq; f s;
gw;wpj; njspthf vJTk; nrhy;ytpy;iy.
Jq;Nfhtpy vd;w (jtwhd) ngaUf;F
jsk; nfhz;l gNfhlh my;yJ %d;W
gNfhlhf;fs;" vd;Nw mtH tpsf;fk;
$WfpwhH. FtNuhrpd; E}iy thrpf;Fk;
vtUk; mtH cs; @ H ,lg; n gaiu
Muha;tjpy; kpFe;j MHtk; nfhz;ltH
vd;gij czHe;Jnfhs;syhk;.
ngUk; g hYk; > jhd; tptupf; f pd; w
,lq;fisr; nrhy;Yk; NghJ me;jg;
ngaH vg; g b te; j J vd; g jw; f hd
tpsf;fj;ijAk; $lNt mtH
nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhH.
vdNt %d;W NfhGuq;fs; jpUf;Nfhtpypy;
mike;jpUe;jd vd;gij ,g;Nghijf;F
ek;khy; cWjpahff; $wKbahJ. vdpDk;
~l;upNfhapyp gNfhlh|tpd; rpw;gq;fs;>
tpf;fpufq;fis FtNuh]; tpNrlkhfr;
nrhy; t jhy; > fUtiw tpkhdr;
rpw;gq;fNsh my;yJ kz;lgq;fspypUe;j
fiyaoF epiwe;j mUQ;rpw;gq;fNsh
mrtPNlhthy; jfHj;J tPrg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd
vd;gijNaDk; ek;khy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbAk;.
FtNuhrpd; $w;wpy; ,Wjp tup jhd;
Kf;fpakhdJ. jpUf;Nfhtpiy ,bj;j
jsgjp mrtP N lh> mf; N fhtpypd;
Nritf; f hf epakpf; f g; g l; b Ue; j
fNzNrf;fisf; (Ganezes) nfhd;whd;
vd;W mtH Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. FtNuhrpd;
,e;E}iy Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngaHj;j
v];.[p.ngNuuh> NtnwhU ,lj;jpy; tUk;
“Ganez" vd;w nrhy;Yf;F “fzdhd;Nr –
tzf;fj;Jf;Fupa ngsj;jj; Jwtp" vd;W
tpsf;fkspj;jpUf;fpwhH. jpUf;Nfhtpy;
njhlHr;rp... (gf;fk; -18 )
nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
15 ,jo; - 17
‰uõøu¯›ß Põ»iPÒ
DÇz xøÓ : C»[øPz xøÓ •PzxÁõµ®
< oj;Jiw vd miof;fg;gl;L gpd;dH
,yq;ifj;Jiw Kfj;Jthuk; vd
Mfp> ,d;W rpq;fs kag;gLj;jg;gl;L
gpw;fhy ,uhN[e;jpuNrhod;
gilnaLg;Gfs; $l ,e;j ,lj;ij>
JiwKfj;ij gad;gLj;jpaikf;fhd
ghyRFkhh; Nrida+h;
Nkdhs; Kjd;ikah;
jkpoH epidTr; rpd;dkhf ,f; fpuhkj;J
kf;fspd; topghl;L ,lkhf ,Ue;jik
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;ba xd;W.
yq; f h gl; b dkhf khw; w g; g l; L > ek; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd. Nrho kd;dHfs;
%jhijaH fhybj;jlq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;L> ,yq; i fj; J iw Kfj; J thuj; j py;
fiy fyhrhu gPlk; jkpo; njhy;Fb kf;fs; mjpfkhf thOk;
ngsj;j jpzpg;G ,d;W ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. epiy epWj;jpa nrk;nghd;dhr;rpak;kd; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fofk; gpuNjrkhf ,Ug;gJTk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;
gw;wpa nra;jpfs; Nrho kd;dHfspd; jkpoH njhd; i kia typAWj; j p
,yq; i f tuyhw; w py; jkpoHfspd; fhsp topghLld; njhlHGgl;L epw;gJk;>
tPuj;ij giwrhw;wpa Kjy; kd;ddhfg; mtHfs; epWtpa Nfhapypd; ,bghLfSk;
Ngrg;gLk; vy;yhsd; ngaupy; vy;yhsd; rptypq;fKk; ,q;Fs;s fhl;Lg; gFjpfspy;
Jiw vd toq;fg;gl;ljhfTk; ek;g fz;nlLf;fg;gl;L> topgl;L tUtJk;
,lk; cz;L. ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. khtypfq;iff;
fiuapy; cUthd jkpoH ehfupfj;jpd;
<oj;jpy; Kjd; Kjy; Nrho kd;dHfspd; thapyhf ,yq;ifj;Jiw Kfj;JthuNk
tuT ,e;j ,lj;jpypUe;Nj Muk;gkhfpwJ. mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
vy;yhsd; vDk; Nrho kd;dd; ,e;jj;
JiwKfj;jpNyNa te;J ,wq;fpajhf
,yq; i fj; J iw Kfj; J thuj; J ld;
tuyhw;W nra;jpfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd.
NrHe;jpUf;Fk; flNyhL ,ize;jj ; pUf;Fk;
,q;fpUe;Nj khtypf; fiuiaf;fle;J
mofpa rpwpa Fd;W jkpoHfspd; tuyhw;W
mq; f pUe; J nghyd; e Wit topahf
jlq;fs; gjpe;j ,lk;. mq;F cs;s
mDuhjGuk; mile;jjhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ.
jkpo; gpuhkpf; fy;ntl;Lfs; ,uz;lhapuk;
Gtp Nfhs mbg;gilapy; ,J rhj;jpakhd
tUrg; goikia czHj;jp epw;fpd;wd.
xd;whfNt cs;sJ. mtHfNs ,jw;Fmj; N jhL fy; y pdhyhd xU rpwpa
<oj; J iw vd ngaupl; l jhfTk;
ePHj;jlhfKk; mjid mz;ba fl;bl
ek;gg;gLfpwJ. mopghLfSk; mfykhd nrq;fw;fs;
mLf;fpa fl;bl vr;rq;fSk;
gz; i lf; fhyj; j py; ,J xU fw; J }z; f Sk; jkpoH gz; i la
tzpfj; Jiwahf ,Ue;jikf;fhd tho;tpaiy czHj;jp epw;git.
milahsq;fs; ,d;W %b
epw;fpwJ. ,f;fpuhk kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLk;
kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 2009 Mk; Mz;bw;F
ek;gpf;iffSk; topghl;L KiwfSk;
gpd; d jhd murpay; #oypy; ,e; j
jkpoH gz; g hl; i l mjd; tuyhw; W
,lj;jpy; xU tpfhiu cUthfp> ngsj;j
njhlHr;rpia typAWj;jp epw;fpwJ.
rpd;dq;fs; cila topghl;L ,lkhfTk;
,q; F rupahd Kiwapy; > njhy;
nghUspay; Ma;Tfs; %b kiwf;fhky;
nra;ag;gLkhdhy; <oj; jkpoHfspd;
njhd;ik ehfupfj;jpd; fly; topg;
gazq;fspd; tuyhw;W jfty;fisg;
ngwKbAk;.
nfhl; b ahug; gpuNjrk; <oj; jkpoH
ehfupfj;jpd; njhl;by; vd;gjw;fhd
rhd; w hjhuq; f s; ,yq; i fj; J iw
rhd; w hjhuq; f s; ,q; F epiwaNt Kfj;Jthuj;jpYk; nfhl;bf;fplf;fpwJ.
cs;sd. mj;NjhL ,g;gpuNjrk; Gtpr; ntUfy; KUfd; NfhapNyhLk; mjd; ngsj; j ahj; j pupfH te; J NghFk; ek; %jhijaHfspd; fhybfs;
rupjtpay; mbg;gilapy; Kf;fpakhd xU tsikfNshLk; ,f; fpuhk kf;fSf;fhd Mokhkhf gjpe;j ,lq;fspy; ,e;j
,lkhfTk; khwpapUf;fpwJ.
,lkhf ,Uf;fpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fyrhuj; njhlHG vd;gJ xU gz;ghl;bd; <oj;JiwAk; Kf;fpak; ngWfpwJ.
fly; tsk; kpf;f xU ,lkhfTk; ,d;W ePl;rpNa.
2009k; Mk; Mz;Lf;F Kd;dH ,q;F
tiu Kf;fpak; ngWfpwJ.
xU KUfd; NfhapYk; topghLk;
xU Nfhapy; ,Ue;jjjw;fhd
gioa ypq;fKk; J}z;fSk; Guhjd
 nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
,jo; - 17 16
nraw; g hl; l hfTk; fhyq; f hykhf
epfo; e ; J tUk; xU nrad; K iw.
fhyj; J f; F fhyk; mJ ntt; N tW
tbtq;fis vLj;J tUfpwJ. ntt;NtW
msTfspy; ,af;fg;gl;LtUfpwJ.
Nghuhl;lq;fspy; NghHj;je;jpukhfTk;
“kwf; f g; g z; Z tJ"> “epidTfis
mfw;WtJ"> “Gjpa epidTfis me;j
,lj;Jf;F gpujpaPL nra;tJ" vd;fpw
©ÓUPizu¾US GvµõÚ ÷£õº! cghak; iff;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
jLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gtw;iw mtHfs;
jPHkhdpj;jJ vg;gb vd;gJ mk;gyj;Jf;F
te;jy;yth?
,U NfhLfs; jj;Jtk;
,e; j g; Nghf; i fg; gw; w p Mokhf
tpsf;Ffpd;w xU Mq;fpy
E}y; nrd;w Mz;L ntspahdJ. (Hit
Makers: The Science of Popularity
in an Age of Distraction – Derek
Thompson). r%f nraw;ghl;lhsHfs;>
nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
17 ,jo; - 17
|µ][P Á°µÁº ÁÈ£õmiß P¸Å»®: Hß C¢u ö©ÍÚ®? Auß GÀø» Gx?
©mk|Pº GÀø» Ãv B»¯® njhlHr;rp... tiuapy; ul; z g; g pupa gz; L f; f hd
MSk; jug;Gfspd; murpay; vd;gJ ghuhl;Lk; ed;wp $wYk; kl;Lky;y>
,g;gbj;jhd;> vnjy;yhk; rhj;jpakhf ,ijg;Nghy ,d;Dk; gy epfo;r;rpfs;
cs;sNjh mijnay;yhk; tha;g;ghfg; ele;NjwpNa jPUk;.
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;. ,q;Nf mwk;>
jHkk;> ePjp> epahak; vd;gijg;gw;wp ahUk; ,ij vg; g b khw; w paikg; g J vd; W
rpe;jpg;gjpy;iy. ntw;wpia kl;LNk rpe;jpg;gNj jkpo; murpay; jug;gpdUf;Fupa
Fwpahff; nfhs;Skplj;jpy; vg;NghJk; gzp. nehe;J fbtjy;y.
mwj;ijAk; tplj; je;jpNuhgq;fisg;
gw;wpNa rpe;jpf;fg;gLtJz;L. ,e;j miyabg;G XaKjy;

k
f;fspd; rpe;jidiaj; jPHkhdpf;fpd;w
mjpfhuKk; > Mw; w Yk; ,d; W
mlf;fg;gLk; kf;fspd; iffis tpl;L
eOtpAs;sJ. mtHfshy; rpe;jidiaj;
jPHkhdpf;f KbtJ Nghy;> rpe;jidia
kwf;fbf;fTk; jpirjpUg;gTk;
nghwpKiwiaf; nfhz; L s; s hHfs; .
ekf;F ntspapy; ekf;fhd epfo;rr
jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
; pepuy;
Ntfkhf khwptUk; cyfpy; epidTfSk; ngsj;j njhy;nghUs;fis mopj;jJ> mtHfSf;F ,yFthff; if$LfpwJ.
$l xd;wpypUe;J kw;nwhd;Wf;F Ntfkhf ,e;Jj;Jtj;jpd; Nguhy; ,e;jpahtpy;
jhtp tpLfpwJ.
K]; y pk; rpd; d q; f is ,e; J j; J t ,d;iwa Clfr; re;ijapy; jk;kPJ
jPtputhjf; Fk;gy;fs; mopj;J tUtJ> ftdj; i j <Hf; f r; nra; t jw; F
Aj;j fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j xd;iw ,q;F gpughfud; gpwe;j tPL $l ,Uf;ff; thuj;jpw;nfhU nra;jpia cw;gj;jp
epidt+l;lNtz;Lk;.
ÁõµzvØöPõ¸ ö\´vø¯ EØ£zv ö\´x,
øÁµ»õUSÁøu J¸ ¯õ£õµ u¢vµ©õP
BUQ øÁzv¸UQÓõºPÒ. AÁºPÒ ö\´v
,lj;Jf;F epWTk; ifq;fupak; mJ. xU epidit kwf;fbf;fr; nra;tJ C l f t p a y h s H f S f ; F kpfTk;
mLj; j miyia jiyf; F NkNy
Mf... xd; i w NkTk; ,d; n dhd; W vd;gJ ,yFthdjy;y. mjw;fhd gpujhd gpuNahrdg;gl$ba E}y; mJ.
njhlHr; r pahfTk; > ,aw; i fahfTk; > topKiwahf Vw; f dNt “epidT" ,yq;if murpay; vd;gJ mNefkhf caHj;jpapUf;fpwJ murhq;fk;. td;dpapd;
nraw; i fahfTk; epfo; e ; J nfhz; L ,Ue;j ,lj;Jf;F ,d;ndhd;iw gpujpaPL ePskhd xU Nfhl;bd; mUfpy; mijtpl mwk; epuhfupf;fg;gl;lnjhU fsNk. ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdH fhjH k];jhd;
jhdpUf;fpwJ. rkfhyj;jpy; Kidg;G nra;jhf Ntz;Lk;. ePskhd Nfhl;il tiutjd; %yk;@ ,jpy; ve;jj; jug;Gk; tpyf;fy;y. MfNt [dhjpgjpapdhy; ,e;J rka fyhrhu
ngUk; NgRnghUis mjpfhu Kd;ida NfhL mjd; “mjpf ePsk;" ul;zg;gpupa gz;Litg;Nghd;w rf;jpfs; mikr;ruhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhH.
rf;jpfshy; nraw;ifahfTk; jpl;lkpl;Lk; r k P g j ; N j N a e k f ; F j ; n j u p e ; j vd; f pw jFjpia ,of; f pwJ. mNj J. nfsuP];tud; NkYk; NkYk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glyhk;.
Cf;Ftpf;fg;glyhk;. jdf;F ,e;j mikr;Rg; nghUj;jkhdjy;y.
jpirjpUg;gptpl KbAk;. mJ vq;nfq;Fk; cjhuzkhff; nfhz; l hy; @ jkpo; nghwpKiw jhd; ,q;Fk;. xd;Wf;F
epfo;fpwJ.
murpay;thjpfs;> tpahghupfs;>
ngUKjyhspfs;>
ehl;by; Nk 22 epfo;e;j J}j;Jf;Fb ,d;ndhd;iw gpujpaPL nra;tJ. ,J
gLnfhiyiar; nrhy;yyhk;. jkpofj;jpy;
tuyhW fhzhj Nkhrkhd mur vd;.rutzd;
, yq; i fapd; fpof; F khfhzk; topghl;L tpjp Kiwfs; cUthf;fg;gl;L
gd;ikj;Jtkhd rlq;F topghl;L Kd;ndLf;fg;gLtjidAk; ,t;thyar;
kuGfis Kd;ndLf;Fk; kdpj r%fq;fs; rlq;F tpohtpy; fhz KbAk;. nfhe;jspjJ
r%f Kuz;ghl;il cUthf;Fk; epiyNa
,ijapl;Lj; jkpo;r; r%fk; mjpHr;rpapy; ,jdhy; Vw;gLk;. ehl;bNy ,d;Ws;s
; f; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Vw;fdNt epiyikfs; khw;wkile;J> vy;yhr;
fhHg;gNul; fk;gdpfs;> gaq;futhj rk;gtkhf fUjg;gl;lJ mJ. thOk; gpuhe;jpak;. Aj;jj;jpy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lijg;Nghy r%fq; f Sf; F khd rkepiy xd; W
khgpahf;fs;> ,d;Dk; mJ gw;wpa tpthjq;fSk;> ciuahlYk; ,UNfhl;Lj;jj;Jtk;. ,j;Jld; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; gj;jjpr; rlq;Fg; ,g; n ghOJ rkhjhdk; > xw; W ik> cUthf; f g; g l; l gpwF ,ijg; g w; w p
r%f tpNuhj ele;Jnfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; NghNj u[pdp Fwpg; g hf kl; l f; f sg; g py; thOk; gz;ghl;by; gpujhdk; ngWk; khupak;kd; cjtp> md; G > fhUz; a k; vd; W N a h r p f ; f y h k ; vd;W k];jhd;
rf;jpfs; ,jid ebj;J [_d; 6 md;W ntspahd “fhyh" gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd; ngUk;ghyhd jkpo; NgRk; r%fq;fs; FSHj; j pr; rlq; F > nfq; i fak; k d; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L NkYk; jkpoHfs; [dhjpgjpaplk; njuptpf;ftpy;iy.
jkJ je; j pNuhgha jpiug;glk; nkhj;j ciuahliyAk; N[.tp.gp apd; rpq;fsg; gj;jpupifnahd;wpy; kj;jpapy; mt;tr; r%fq;fspd; tuyhW topghL> tP u k; k hfhsp topghL> Njhw; f bf; f g; g LfpwhHfs; vd; g J
kw;W k; gz;g hl;Lj; jdpj;Jtq;fis glgj;jpufhsp topghL> tPugj;jpuH topghL> jkpo;r;rpe;jidahsHfspd; ftiy. k];jhDila ,e;j epakdj;ijg; gw;wp
topKiwahfNt tpOq;fp Vg;gkpl;L jpirjpUg;gptpl;lJ. ntspahd fl; L iunahd; w py; xU
ntspf;fhl;Lk; kj;jpa epiyaq;fshf IadhH topghL> tjdkhH topghL ,d;Dk; K];ypk;fspd; jug;gpypUe;Jk;
El;gkhff; ifahz;L mJ vg;gb xU r%fk; ,j;jid Ntfkhf ml;ltizia ntspapl;bUe;jhHfs;.
tUfpd;wd. xU ngUk; N rhfj; i j gfpHtijAk; > mjhtJ ,yq;ifapy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l mt;tr; r%fq;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd vd;gdTk; fhstaputH> jpup#y taputH> Mdhy;> vd;d nra;a KbAk;? rupahfr; ve; j tpjkhd mgpg; g puhaq; f Sk;
NgRtijAk; kwe;J xU nghOJNghf;F fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; fpupf;nfl; Nghl;b ele;j rlq;Ff; Nfhtpy;fs; , a q ; f p fpufrhe; j p taputH topghLfSk; > nraw;glhj tiuAk; rupahf tpopf;fhj ntspahftpy;iy. Fwpg;ghf K];ypk;
epidtpy; cs;stw;iw rpdpkh uridf;Fs; tPo;e;jJ vd;gJ ehl;fnsy;yhk; ghz; tpiyNaw;wk; vg;gb tUfpd;wikapidf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. Guhjd kdpjHfspd; FkhuH > khwh tiuAk; tpLjiy ,y;iy vd;ghHfs;. Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> kjj;jiytHfs; ahUk;
kwf; f bg; g J vd; g J Mr;rupakhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. epfo;e;jJ vd;gJ gw;wpaJ mJ.
nja; t r; rlq; F fSk; ,f; N fhtpypd; ,e;jf; Fiwghl;il kbapYk; kdjpYk; ,J Fwpj;J ,d;Dk; tha;jpwf;ftpy;iy.
,e;j El;gj;jpd; kl; l f; f sg; g pNy Kd; n dLf; f g; g Lk; rlq;F tpohtpy; Kf;fpakhditfshf itj; J f; nfhz; L Gyk; G tjhy;
jdpj; J tkhd rlq; F topghLfs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. gaNdJkpy;iy. Mdhy; > jkpoHfs; nfhe; j spf; f j;
mq;fk; jhd;. Mjpf;f xd; i w epidTf; F nfhz; L tuTk; > ngUthup kj; j paju tHf; f kf; f s;
Njhw;wk;ngw;W> gutyhf;fkiltjw;Ff; njhlq; f papUf; f pwhHfs; . ,njy; y hk;
,dk; > kjk; > rhjp> mjid kwf; f r; nra; t jw; F k; > fpupf; n fl; NghijNawp> ftdk;
epwk; > tHf; f k; vd mjw;Fg; gjpyhf Ntnwhd;iw gpujpaPL Fwpj;j rpy rlq;Ff; Nfhtpy;fs; %ykhf ,r;rlq;F tpohtpy; rpwg;gk;rq;fshf ul; z g; g pupa gz; L itg; ghuhl; b a ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd milahsq;fs;
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,t;thW gzpfisj; njhlHe;j etNrhjp rpy;iya+H nry;tuhrd; cl;gl gyH
04.01.1990 Mk; jpfjp yz;ldpy; xU ,d;wpy;iy. mtHfspd; epidTfSld;
thfd tpgj;jpy; ,we;jhH.
nfhOk;gpYk; mtH Kd;nghUrkak;
tpgj;Jf;Fs;shfp ifKwpe;j epiyapy;
rpwpJfhyk; fl; L g; N ghl; L f; n fhz; L
epfo; r ; r pfSf; F tUthH. vd; i d
vq;Nf fz;lhYk; Xbte;J ciuahLk;
,ay;Gjhd; vd;id mtuplk; neUq;fpr;
nry;yitj;jJ.
23
J}f; f pg; Nghl; l J. (,J
Fwpj;J
tpupthdJk;
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fpof; f py; ele; j Aj; j k;
G y g ; n g a H T (diaspora) vDk;
epiykhw; w j; i j (transformation)
Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfs;
INuhg; g pa Nkw; F yf ehLfSf; F
Gyg; n gaHit Nkw; n fhz; L > fdlh>
gpupj;jhdpah> gpuhd;];> N[Hkdp kw;Wk;
mT];jpNuypah vdtpupe;j ,tHfsJ
Gyg; n gaHT> ,yq; i f ehl; L f; F
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~nfhOk; G Nehf; f pa Gyg; n gaHT|
,d; n dhd; W ~kiyafk; Nehf; f pa
Gyg;ngaHT|. ,jpy; nfhOk;G Nehf;fpa
Gyg;ngaHT vd;gJ xU ,ilj;jq;fy;
Nghd;wJ. ntspehl;Lf;F Gyk;ngaHe;J
,yq;if thndhypapy; gzpahw;wpa
gilg;ghsp mq;ifad; ifyhrehjd;
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mtuJ kidtpjhd; kUj;Jtkid rt
miwf;Fr; nrd;W fztiu milahsk;
fhz;gpj;jhH.
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ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; mtuJ kidtp
,uq;fy; $l;lKk; mq;ifadpd; ftpij
E}y; ntspaPl;ilAk; elj;jpdhH.
md;iwajpdk; ez;gH etNrhjp ifapy;
yz;ldpy; etNrhjpAk; me;j
mtjhdj;ij ,oe;Jtpl;lhH. etNrhjpapd;
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fsdp fq; i fAk; Xbf; n fhz; N l g y , y f ; f p a f ; f U j ; j u q ; F f s p y ;
,Uf;fpwJ. Kfj;Jthuj;jpy; flypy; gq;Fgw;wpapUg;gtH.
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ntsptuNtapy;iy vd;gJ jPuhj Nrhfk;! rpWfijfSk; gilj;jpUf;Fk; ,tH> gpdd
tpkHrfuhfTk; jpwdha; t hsuhfTNk
(njhlUk;) gutyhf mwpag;gl;ltH. ,tuJ mfjpfs;
nry;yte;j epiyapy; jw;fhypfkhf
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nts;stj;ij ,jd; gpujhd ,lkhfTk;
nj`ptis> fy;fpir> nfhl;lhQ;Nrid>
tj;jis Nghd;w cg ,lq;fshfTk;
Mdhy; ,yq;ifj; jkpoHfs; ntspehl;L
Gyg; n gaHit nkr; R fpw msTf; F >
khwpd. nfhOk; G Nehf; f pa Gyg; n gaHit
Nghw; W fpw msTf; F “kiyafk;
mNjNeuk; rpWf> rpWf kiyafk; Nehf; f pa ,yq; i fj; jkpoHfspd;
Nehf;fpa mtHfsJ efHthdJ kj;jpa Gyg;ngaHT" tpupthd ghHitf;Fk;>
kiyehl; b d; efH gpuNjrq; f is ngWkjpf;Fk; cs;shftpy;iy.
mz;banthU Gyg;ngaHit ,yq;ifj;
jkpoUf; F toq; f paJ. kiyafk; (njhlUk;)
tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh kdpjhgpkhd
njhlHr;rp...
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jpushd NjdPf;fs; tl;lkpLk; glKk;
kw;Wk; Vgpuhk; iyy; xU Mokhd kj
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vd; f pw Ntjhfk Fwpg; G mlq; f pa
thHj;ijfSk; nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
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nghUs;. jPtpd; Vida ghfq;fistpl>
nfhOk;gpy;jhd; ngUkstpy; fpilf;Fk;>
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thbf;ifahsHfshy; mjpfk;
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nfhOk;gpYk; ,g;NghJ fpilg;gjpy;iy.
tPd]; ngd;rpy;
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milahsk;)
gr;ir epwj;jpy; cile;j NfhLfisf;
nfhz;l ghzpapyhd tPd];
ngd; r py; f is> gy; N tW tifahd
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fy; t pf; f hd gq; f spg; G fs; Fwpj; J k;
tpupthf gjpTnra;Js;sdH.
me;j kyH MtzkhfNt jpfOfpd;wJ.
NguhrpupaH Nahfuhrh ,d;Wk; Mrpupa
fyhrhiyfspy; tpupTiuahw;wpf;nfhz;Lk;
,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T nra;J
nfhz;LkpUf;fpwhH.
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ghHitahsdhf ,ize;jpUg;gjpy; kd
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khztHfspd; ,r; n raw; g hl; b w; F
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jp UNfhzkiy khtl;l rhuzH rq;fk;
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njhlf;fk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik 2018.6.10
tiu %d;W jpdq;fs; %J}H Nrida+H
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itg;gij glj;jpy; fhzyhk;.
(fjputd; jpUNfhzkiy)
nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
22 ,jo; - 17
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Põmk¨£õøu JßÔøn¯÷Á AøǨ¦ & QÇUS
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 nts;sp> Mdp 15, 2018.
,jo; - 17 24

md;idGyantsp
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gJis tPjp kl;lf;fsg;G
Myak;
§ø\PÒ Â£µ[PÒ
11/06/2018 - jpq;fs; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; rp. N[Rjh]d;
12/06/2018 - nrt;tha; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; jp. rrpjud;
13/06/2018 - Gjd; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; nr. fkNy];tud;
14/06/2018 - tpahod; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; jp. jtr;nry;tk;
15/06/2018 - nts;sp - nts;spf;fpoik cgak; uh. utpr;re;jpud;
16/06/2018 - rdp - jpdg;g+ir cgak; u. Ffjh]d;
17/06/2018 - QhapW - jpdg;g+ir cgak; <. uF
18/06/2018 - jpq;fs; - jpdg;g+ir cgak Nt. fpN\hf;FkhH
19/06/2018 - nrt;tha; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; j. n[fehjd;
20/06/2018 - Gjd; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; nr. nry;Nte;jpud;
21/06/2018 - tpahod; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; jp. Njtjh];
22/06/2018 - nts;sp - nts;spf;fpoik cgak; tP. tpNehjd;
23/06/2018 - rdp - jpdg;g+ir cgak; nr. brhe;jd;
24/06/2018 - QhapW - jpdg;g+ir cgak; <. tpNdh ußÝ°º u¢x
25/06/2018 - jpq;fs; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; rp. m[e;jd;
26/06/2018 - nrt;tha; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; k. utpr;re;jpud; Qµõ©zxUS JÎ HØÔ¯
27/06/2018 - Gjd; - g+uizg; g+ir cgak; Nyhfehjd; ¦»¯öÁÎ
28/06/2018 - tpahod; - jpdg;g+ir cgak; jp. ,yq;Nf];tud; Qµõ©zvß u¢øu
29/06/2018 - nts;sp - nts;spf;fpoik cgak; Nj. NjtFkhH
30/06/2018 - rdp - jpdg;g+ir cgak; k. kJuh[; hõUhº. µõá][P®
Mya g+irfs; midj;Jk; rpt=uP n[af;FkhH Iahtpdhy; elhj;jg;gLk;. |÷µ¢vµß
njhlHGfSf;F : 0771516203

kf;fs; njhz;Nl kNfrd; njhz;lhf xU Gyk;ngah; cwTfspd; Myaj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

xU jpl;le;jhd; Gyantsp fpuhkj;Jf;fhd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk;.

Myak; xd;iwf; fl;b mjd; Clhf Nghupdhy; ghjpff

; g;gl;l gFjpiar; Nrh;ej
; fpuhk kf;fspd;
Njitfis g+h;j;jp nra;a tpisfpd;wdh; yz;ld; <ogjp];tuh; Mya eph;thfj;jpdh;.

mjw;fhf mth;fshy; Kjd;Kjyhf Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l fpuhkNk kl;lf;fsg;gpd; Gyantsp.

(,J yz;ld; <ogjP];tuh; Myaj;jpd; MjuT kw;Wk; epjpAjtpapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fpuhk mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk;.)