120 Geometry Exercises by Romantics of Geometry Vol.1, Issues 01-10

120 Geometry Exercises (volume 1st,issues 1-10, No.
1-120)
by the Romantics of Geometry edition 1st: 12-11-2016
edited by: Chronopoulos Takis (parmenides51)
This file contains the first 120 exercises that were proposed to the facebook group Romantics of Geometry.
At first they are published in issues by dozens and the first 10 issues are collected in this 1st volume. The next
10 issues will be collected in the 2nd volume and so on. Under each problem, the link to where it was at first
proposed (and usually got solved) is given. The problems usually contain the data that cannot be seen in
figures. After sufficient time, the sources of the exercises shall be added. The lemmas that are created during
someone’s solution, shall follow the numbering of each proposal in a separate page. Edition follows the Greek
version of every pdf.
https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group)

12 Geometry Exercises issue 1ο , No. 01-12
by the Romantics of Geometry 3rd edition: 31 -08-2016
This present files contains the first 12 exercises that were proposed to the facebook group Romantics
of Geometry. Under each problem, the link to where it was at first proposed (and usually got solved) is given.
The problems usually contain the data that cannot be seen in figures. After sufficient time, the sources
of the exercises shall be added. The lemmas that are created during someone’s solution, shall follow
the numbering of each proposal in a separate page. Edition follows the Greek version of every pdf.
(figure of problem 009)
https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 1

01. Stergiou Babis
ΒΑ=ΒΕ. Prove D,Z,H,C concyclic.
Additional question by Kostas Labrinidis: Prove that Α,Β,Ε,Η are concyclic.
01 Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1020431028070603/
(Australian competition)

02 Vasileiou Sotiris
Prove that AD, ΒΕ, CΖ are concurrent.

03. Vasileiou Sotiris
ABCD square. (ΑΚΜ) : (ΑΒΓΔ) = ?
Additional question by Kostas Rekoumis: Prove that AKM is right and isosceles.

04. Papadopoulos Thomas
ABCD square, Κ interior point. Prove that ( ( DQK ) ∩ ( ΒΡK ) ) ∈ ΒD .
V. Dubrovsky, Quantum Magazine (July/August 1994)

05. Rekoumis Kostas
Given points C,D belong to a given diameter AB of a given circle (O,R)

Construct isosceles triangle EZH inscribed in circle (O,R), so that one of equal sides EZ passes through
C and its base ZH passes through D.

06. Hatzipolakis Antreas (original)
Let ABC be a triangle, P a point and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of P. Denote:
Ma, Mb, Mc = the midpoints of PA', PB', PC', resp.
M1, M2, M3 = the midpoints of AA', BB', CC', resp. For P = N:
The reflections of MaM1, MbM2, McM3 in BC, CA, AB, resp. concur on the Euler line of ABC at a
point D such that OD / ON = 1/4.
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Hyacinthos/conversations/messages/23897

06. LEMMA Vittas Kostas
Given trapezoid ABCD with AD // BC and let M, random point on it’s side CD. Prove that the lines
through points C, D parallel to lines AM, BM respectively meet at a point N, on the side AB.
This Lemma comes from the past, also known to the Greek bibliography.
Dear friend Jean-Louis Ayme refers to it as "Little Pappus Theorem".

07. Chronopoulos Takis
An triangle ABC is given and given also a point M of it's plane.

Consider A’,B’,C’ the orthogonal projections of point M on its sides.
Find the locus of point M such that the area of the triangle A’B’C’ is c (constant).

ABCD square, Ρ interior point. Prove that the red lines are concurrent.
M. Bezborodnikov , Quantum Magazine (November /December 1995)

Ab, Ac = the NPC centers of AB'P, AC'P, resp.
Bc, Ba = the NPC centers of BC'P, BA'P, resp.
Ca, Cb = the NPC centers of CA'P,CB'P, resp.
Na, Nb, Nc = the NPC centers of AB'C', BC'A', CA'B', resp. For P = N
The circumcircles of NaAbAc, NbBcBa, NcCaCb are concurrent.
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/hyacinthos/conversations/messages/23900

09. LEMMA Vittas Kostas
Let ABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in circle (O) with diameter it’s diagonal AC. Prove that the
centers of the Euler Circles of the triangles ABC, BCD, CDA, DAB lie on a common circle (Ν') with
center the middle point let N' of BD and radius is equal to AC / 4 .

ABCD square. Prove that AOD is equilateral.
10 Link: https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1026833390763700/
(Sherlock Holmes displays math powers), D. V. Fomin, Quantum Magazine
other source: Stan Wagon, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts

Let ABC triangle και A'B'C' the pedal triangle of Ν, the center of Euler Circle. Denote:
Ba, Ca orthogonal projections of Β', C' on ΑΒ, ΑC resp
L1 the Euler line of triangle ABaCa. Lines L2, L3 resp.
Then lines L1, L2, L3 are:
1. Perpendicular to the sides BC, CA, AB of the triangle.
2. concurrent.
Note:
Lines ΑΝ, BaCa are Perpendicular, but this is a general propery of every point P (instead of Ν).

11. LEMMA 1 Vittas Kostas
Let ABC be a triangle and let A', B', C' the projections of a random interior point P on the sides BC,
AC, AB respectively. Prove that AP ⊥ BaCa , whereas B'Ba and C'Ca are altitudes of the triangle AB'C'.

The radical axis of the circles with chords two sides of a given triangle, which have tangents the lines of
the respectively altitudes, passes through the center of the Euler circle of the triangle.

11 LEMMA 2a Vittas Kostas
With bases the sides BC, CA, AB of a given triangle ABC externally (internally), we construct the
similar isosceles triangles AaBC, BbCA, CcAB with let<BAaC = <CBbA = <CcAB = 2<ω . If B', C' are
the orhocenters of the triangles BbCA, CcAB respectively , prove that AAa_I_B'C' .

Let ABC be a triangle and let A', B', C' be the projections of the center of the Euler circle, on sides BC,
AC, AB, respectively. Let Ba, Ca be the projections of B', C' on AB, AC respectively and let Cb, Ab,
be the projections of C', A' on BC, AB, respectively and let Ac, Bc be the projections of A', B' on AC,
BC, respectively. Let Ha, Hb, Hc be the orthocenters of the triangles ABaCa, BCbAb, CAcBc
respectively. Prove that the perpendicular lines from Ha, Hb, Hc to BC, AC, AB respectively meet at
the same point, let it be H' .

Circles C , C’ are orthogonal. Χ moves along 

AB , so that remains interior of C’.
Prove that PQ is diameter.
(Sherlock Holmes displays math powers), D. V. Fomin, Quantum Magazine

by the Romantics of Geometry 2nd edition: 03-09-2016
This file contains the 2nd dozen of exercises that were proposed to the facebook group Romantics of
Geometry. Under each problem, the link to where it was at first proposed (and usually got solved) is given. The
problems usually contain the data that cannot be seen in figures. After sufficient time, the sources of
the exercises shall be added. The lemmas that are created during someone’s solution, shall follow the
numbering of each proposal in a separate page. Edition follows the Greek version of every pdf.

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the cevian triangle of G. Denote:

Nab, Nac = the NPC centers of ABA', ACA', resp.
Ma = the midpoint of NabNac
Similarly Mb, Mc.
Then the centroid of MaMbMc lies on the Euler line of ABC.
13 Link : https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1028283853951987/
(source: Hyacinthos)

1
ABCD convex. Prove that ( a + b )( c + d ) ≥ ( ABCD)
4

15 Chronopoulos Takis
(known as the Langley problem)

(known as the World’s Hardest Easy Geometry Problem)

17. Hatzipolakis Antreas
ΒΕ, CD bisectors, <EDC=18ο , <DEB=24 ο prove <B=12 ο.
(source: Ricardo Barroso Campos , Hyacinthos)

18. Koudas Kostas
Paul takes a walk around (a flat) square, where he sees a statue (of height a) of a woman on a pedestal
(of height b) . He wonders at which distance (as a function of a and b) he should stand away from the
pedestal so as to have a better view at the statue.
Unfortunately he doesn’t know Calculus. But back in high school, he was excellent and especially in
Geometry, so that he can give an Euclidean proof. Can you read his mind?
(known as Regiomontanus' angle maximization problem)

DE = // ΒΖ . Prove that ΑΕ = // CΗ
(source: Stavrianidis’ Geometry, Thessaloniki 1977, a greek book)

ABC is an equilateral triangle; for a point P, not a vertex of ΔABC, consider three triangles. ABP, BCP,
CAP and their Euler lines. Prove that the three Euler lines concur at a point .
20 Link : https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1031265963653776/
http://www.cut-the-knot.org/m/Geometry/3or4EulerLines.shtml

OA CD
= ⇔ AB ⊥ MN
OB EZ

22. Hatzipolakis Antreas
Let be given a parallelogram ABCD and two points M, N on its sides AB, BC, respectively. Lines AN
and CM meet at P. Assume that the circumcircles of triangles AMP and CNP intersect at the second
point Q inside triangle ACD. Prove that < PDA = < QBA.

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of H. Denote:

Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of A' on HB, HC, resp
Abc, Acb = the midpoints of AbC', AcB', resp.
Similarly:
Bc, Ba = the orthogonal projections of B' on HC, HA, resp.
Bca, Bac = the midpoints of BcA', BaC', resp.
Ca, Cb = the orthogonal projections of C' on HA, HB, resp.
Cab, Cba = the midpoints of CaB', CbA', resp.
Then the six points Abc, Acb, Bca, Bac, Cab, Cba are concyclic.
Are the chords AbcAcb, BcaBac, CabCba equal?
Note. The circle’s center is the concurrency point of Euler lines of problem 011.

Given right trapezoid ABCD with <A = <D = 90° and AB // CD and let Ε be the intersection point of
it’s side AD with the perpendicular line through C to BC. Let Z, F be the projections of C on BE, AB,
respectively. Prove that points D, Z, F, are collinear.

Let ABC be a triangle και let A'B'C' be the pedal triangle of it’s orthocenter. Let A'', B'', C'' be the
projections of the center N of the Euler circle of ABC on BC, AC AB, respectively. Let Ba, Ca be the
projections of B'', C'' on AB, AC respectively και let Ha be the concurrency point of B''Ba, C''Ca. Prove
that the perpendicular line through Ha to BC, and the perpendicular bisector of B'cC'ba are coincident,
whereas B'c, C'b are the projections of B', C' on HC, HB, respectively.

Let ABC be a triangle. Denote:

Ma, Mb, Mc = the midpoints of OA, OB, OC, resp.
Aa, Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of Ma on NA, NB, NC, resp.
Ba, Bb, Bc = the orthogonal projections of Mb on NA, NB, NC, resp.
Ca, Cb, Cc = the orthogonal projections of Mc on NA, NB, NC, resp.
L1, L2, L3 = the Euler lines of AaAbAc, BaBbBc, CaCbCc, resp. Then:
1. L1, L2, L3 are concurrent.
2. The parallels to L1, L2, L3 through A, B, C, resp. concur at a point on the circumcircle.

by the Romantics of Geometry 1st edition: 05-09-2016
This file contains the 3rd dozen of exercises that were proposed to the facebook group Romantics of





29 Hatzipolakis Antreas (original)
Let ABC be a triangle, P,Q two isogonal conjugate points and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of Q
Let Ma, Mb, Mc be the midpoints of PA, PB, PC, resp.
Then the circles with diameters A'Ma, B'Mb, C'Mc concur at Poncelet point of (A,B,C,P)
(ie the point the NPCs of PBC, PCA, PAB are concurrent at)
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Hyacinthos/conversations/messages/24096/

Let ABC be a triangle and P a point. Denote:

Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of A on BP, CP, resp.
A2 = the reflection of Ab in AB
A3 = the reflection of Ac in AC.
Similarly B3, B1 and C1, C2.
Ma, Mb, Mc = the midpoints of A2A3, B3B1, C1C2, resp.
Which is the locus of P such that the perpendicular bisectors of A2A3, B3B1, C1C2 are concurrent?
(O lies on the locus. The point of concurrence is the N)

31 Hatzipolakis Antreas
a)
∆ ∧ ∧
b) ABC, Α = 2 Β prove that BC < 2 AC
source: Vietnamese math group

32 Koudas Kostas
Κ 1 , Κ 2 , Κ 3 circumcenters of triangles ΑΜΡ, ΒΜΝ, CΝΡ respectively.

∆ ∆
Ι1 , Ι 2 , Ι 3 incenters of the same triangles. Prove that Κ 1Κ 2 Κ 3 = Ι1Ι 2 Ι 3 .
source: Issac Moisevitch Yaglom - Geometric Transformations Ι

33 Koudas Kostas
Η, M orthocenter και centroid of ΑΖD respectively.

Ο, Ν circumcenter και centroid of ΑΒΕ. Prove that ΗΜ ⊥ ΟΝ.

34 Sabas Theodoros
AK BL CM G(ABC) ≡ G(KLM)
= = = m, m ≠ 0,1 Prove that (same centroid)
AB BC CA
The converse is valid , if the triangles have the same centroid then the ratios are equal.

Ha,Hb,Hc = the orthocenters of AB'C', BC'A', CA'B', resp.
A'B'C', HaHbHc are perspective (homothetic)
If P is the intersection point of the symmedians , then it is the point of symmetry.

Let ABC ba triangle with altitudes AHa,BHb,CHc.

Let Ja,Jb,Jc be the incenters of triangles AHbHc,BHcHa,CHaHb, resp.
Let JbJc cuts CA,AB at Ab,Ac, reps. Similarly, we have Bc,Ba,Ca,Cb.
a) Prove that Jb,Jc,Ca,Ba lie on cricle (Oa).
b) Similarly, we have circles (Ob),(Oc). Prove that radical center of circles (Oa),(Ob),(Oc) lies on Euler
line of triangle OaO.
source: Tran Quang Hung


12 Geometry Exercises issue 4 , No. 37-48
by the Romantics of Geometry 2nd edition: 18-09-2016

This file contains the 4th dozen of exercises that were proposed to the facebook group Romantics of

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of a point P. Denote:
A", B", C" = the orthogonal projections of A, B, C on B'C', C'A', A'B', resp.
(Nab), (Nac) = the NPCs of AA"B', AA"C', resp.
(Nbc), (Nba) = the NPCs of BB"C', BB"A', resp.
(Nca), (Ncb) = the NPCs of CC"A', CC"B', resp.
S1 = the radical axis of (Nba), (Nca), S2 = the radical axis of (Ncb), (Nab), S3 = the radical axis of
(Nac), (Nbc) .
T1 = the radical axis of (Nbc), (Ncb) , T2 = the radical axis of (Νca), (Nac), T3 = the radical axis of
(Nab), (Nba). Then:
1. S1, S2, S3 are concurrent.
2. T1, T2, T3 are concurrent.
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/hyacinthos/conversations/messages/24067/


Ma, Mb, Mc = the midpoints of OA, OB, OC, resp.
Aa, Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of Ma on NA, NB, NC, resp.
Ba, Bb, Bc = the orthogonal projections of Mb on NA, NB, NC, resp.
Ca, Cb, Cc = the orthogonal projections of Mc on NA, NB, NC, resp.
M1, M2, M3 = the midpoints of NA, NB, NC, resp.
A1, A2, A3 = the orthogonal projections of M1 on OA, OB, OC, resp.
B1, B2, B3 = the orthogonal projections of M2 on OA, OB, OC, resp.
C1, C2, C3 = the orthogonal projections of M3 on OA, OB, OC, resp.
Oa, Ob, Oc = the circumcenters of the triangles AaAbAc, BaBbBc, CaCbCc, resp.
O1, O2, O3 = the circumcenters of the triangles A1A2A3, B1B2B3, C1C2C3, resp.
La, Lb, Lc = the Euler lines of OaO2O3, ObO3O1, OcO1O2, resp.
L1, L2, L3 = the Euler lines of O1ObOc, O2OcOa, O3OaOb, resp.
1. La, Lb, Lc are concurrent on the Euler line of ABC at the midpoint of ON.
2. L1, L2, L3 are concurrent on the Euler line of ABC at a point D.

(bigger figure of problem 38)

39 Papadopoulos Stavros
If E=
1 E=
4 E=
5 E6 prove that E=
2 E=
3 E7
Variation by Kostas Vittas: If E=

1 E=
5 E6 prove that E=
2 E=
3 E7

Let P be a given point. Consider the bisectors of angles BPC, CPA, APB, intersecting the sides BC, CA,
AB at Da, Db, Dc respectively The reflections of the lines AP in DbDc, BP in DcDa, and CP in DaDb
are concurrent.
source: Hatzipolakis Antreas & Paul Yiu, Reflections in Triangle Geometry
Forum Geometricorum 9 (2009)

40 LEMMA 1 Vittas Kostas
Given quadrilateral ABCD whose diagonal AC bisects it’s angle ∠C and let E be the intersection point
of the symmetrical lines BC, CD through points B, D, over the lines AB, AD respectively. Prove that
the line AE is isogonal of line AC with respect to angle ∠A.

Given triangle ABC and let D, E, F, be random points on it’s sides BC, AC, AB respectively and let Q
be random point in the interior of ABC. Through points D, E, F, consider the lines έστω (d), (e), (f)
respectively and let the points Χ ≡ (d)∩(e) , Y ≡ (e)∩(f) and Z ≡ (f)∩(d). If X ∈ QC , Y ∈ QA and Z
∈ QB, prove that the lines (d), (e), (f) are concurrent at point Q.


A' = the intersection of BC and the I-bisector of the triangle BIC
B' = the intersection of CA and the I-bisector of the triangle CIA
C' = the intersection of AB and the I-bisector of the triangle AIB.
Then the circumcircle of A'B'C' passes through the Feuerbach point.

Na, Nb, Nc = the NPC centers of PB'C', PC'A', PA'B', resp.
Then the orthocenter H* of NaNbNc ilies on the HP line such that PH* / PH =1/4.

43 Papantoniou Leonidas
Given diameter ΑΒ of a circle and two points C, D in one semicircle. Find point E in other semicircle,
so that (ΜΝ) = m (given), whereas Μ , Ν the intersection points of CE , DE with ΑΒ respectively.

Let ABC be a triangle, P a point, A'B'C' the pedal triangle of P and Q a point. Denote:
Qa, Qb, Qc = the orthogonal projections of Q in PA, PB, PC, resp.
Q1, Q2, Q3 = the orthogonal projections of Q in PA', PB', PC', resp.
A*B*C* = the triangle bounded by QaQ1, QbQ2, QcQ3.
The triangles A'B'C', A*B*C* are parallelogic (parallel lines from one’s vertices to other’s sides are
concurrent).
The parallelogic center (A'B'C', A*B*C*) (the concurrency point of the parallel lines from A'B'C'’s
vertices to A*B*C* sides) lies on the circumcircle of A'B'C'.


Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of A on IB, IC, resp.
Na = the NPC center of AAbAc , N1 = the reflection of Na in AbAc.
Similarly Nb, N2 and Nc, N3. Then:
1. ABC, NaNbNc are orthologic (perpendicular lines from one’s vertices to other’s sides are concurrent)
and perspective (bilogic)
2. ABC, N1N2N3 are orthologic. The orthologic center (ABC, N1N2N3) (the concurrency point of the
perpendicular lines from ABC’s vertices to N1N2N3 sides) lies on the circumcircle of ABC.

Prove that AF=AC/3
Source: Maragkakis Manolis, Theaetetus , issue 1 1987, greek math magazine

47 Lamprakis Emmanouil
Which is the minimum area of the right triangle BAC ( < A =

90o ) , the sides of which belong to 3
parallel lines?




Na, Nb, Nc = the NPC centers of PBC, PCA, PAB, resp.
Which is the locus of P such that the perpendiculars from Na, Nb, Nc to PA, PB, PC, resp. are
concurrent?
The entire plane .

Which is the minimim area of the right triangle ABC ( < BAC =
90o ) , the sides of which belong to 3
parallel lines?

Given a circle in paper.

a) Find it’s center using just a compass and straightedge or whatever means you like.
b) Find it’s center using just a compass

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of the center of the Nine Point Circle N. Denote:
A" = the midpoint of B'C'
Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of A" on AC, AB, resp.
Then the Euler line of AAbAc is parallel to the median from A of the triangle ABC.

Let ABC be a triangle and A', B', C' the reflections of Ν in BC, CA, AB, resp. Denote:
Na, Nb, Nc = the NPC centers of NBC, NCA, NAB, resp.
Then A'B'C', NaNbNc are cyclologic*.
* If we have two triangles ABC, A'B'C' and the circles through one vertex of one and the respective two
vertices of the other are concurrent (ie if the circles (AB'C'), (BC'A'), (CA'B') and also the circles
(A'BC), (B'CA), (C'AB) are concurrent, we define them as CYCLOLOGIC triangles.

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of Ν. Denote:

Na, Nb, Nc = the NPC centers of ΝBC, ΝCA, ΝAB, resp.
N1, N2, N3 = the reflections of Na, Nb, Nc in ΝA', ΝB', ΝC', resp.
Then N1, N2, N3 are collinear.

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of the orthocenter H. Denote:
Fa, Fb, Fc = the first Fermat points of the triangles AB'C',BC'A',CA'B', resp.
Then AFa is perpendicular to FbFc.
Thus triangle FaFbFc and ABC are both orthologic and perspective (bilogic).
A'Fa,B'Fb,C'Fc are concurrent.

ΑΜ=ΜΒ, (ABC) = 24, (BED)= ;
source: Aplakidis Yiannis, I wonder, is Euclid Dead? (Savvalas 2003), a greek geometry book


A'B'C' = the circumcevian triangle of circumcenter O.
A1,B1,C1 = the orthogonal projections of A',B',C' on BC,CA,AB, resp.
A2,B2,C2 = the reflections of A1,B1,C1 through A',B',C', resp.
A3,B3,C3 = the reflections of A',B',C' through A2,B2,C2, resp.
The Euler lines of the triangles A3BC,B3CA,C3AB are concurrent.

ABCD square given in paper.

We fold it so that D' belong to BC.
Prove that [ABCD]=2[EBD' ] where [..]= perimeter
source: Aplakidis Yiannis, I wonder, is Euclid Dead? (Savvalas 2003), a greek geometry book

Given triangle A'B'C', construct triangle ABC .
CA BA CB
There is a generalization of this problem given the ratios= k =, l ,= m
CA ' BA ' CB '

∧
AB ≠ AC, 0o < C < 90o
∧ ∧ ∧
= 180o − C , ΑΤΒ
Prove that ΑΡΒ = 90o


61 Makridis Ilias
Given two points A,B to draw the line connecting them with a straightedge of length less than the
distance AB e.g.. the straightedge has length the 1/10 of the distance AB.

Let ABC be a triangle and P a point on the Euler line of ABC. Denote:
Pa, Pb, Pc = the reflections of P in BC, CA, AB, resp.
Ab, Ac = the reflections of Pa in BH, CH, resp.
N1= the NPC center of PaAbAc. Similarly N2, N3. Then:
1. The NPCs (N1), (N2), (N3) of PaAbAc, PbBcBa, PcCaCb, resp. are concurrent.
2. The NPC center of N1N2N3 lies on the Euler line of ABC.

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of N.

Let A" be the reflection point of the Euler line of the triangle AB'C' .
Then the points A", N, A' are collinear.

In every triangle the symmetric lines of Euler line with respect to the triangle sides are concurrent. The
point of concurrency belongs to it's circumcircle.

Given triangle ∆ ABC and let AD, BE, CF be it’s altitudes and let H be it’s orthocenter. Let ∆ A'B'C' be
the pedal triangle of the center N of the Euler Circle (N) of ∆ ABC and let H', Q be the orthocenters of
triangles ∆ AB'C', ∆ AEF, respectively. Prove that the points P, H', Q, are collinear and that PH' = H'Q,
whereas P ≡ (N)∩AD.

63 LEMMA 1 – GENERALISATION Vittas Kostas
Given triangle ∆ ABC and let H, be random interior (or exterior) point. Let A', B', C', be the intersection
points of the circumcircle (O) of triangle ∆ ABC, with the lines AH, BH, CH respectively and let X, Y,
Z, be the intersection points of lines BC, AB, AC respectively, with random line (e) which passes
through point H. Prove that the lines A'X, B'Z, C'Y are concurrent and the point of concurrency belongs
to it's circumcircle (O).

64 Vittas Kostas
A triangle ABC is given and let ABDE, ACFZ, BCPQ be, arbitrary rectangles outwardly to it. Let S be
the point of intersection of the lines PE, QZ and let T be the point of intersection of the lines through the
points P, Q and perpendicular to PF, QD, respectively. Prove that the points A, S, T, are collinear.

65 Vittas Kostas
A triangle ABC is given and let B', B'' and C', C'' be, the pairs of points on the midperpendiculars of the
side-segments AC, AB respectively, such that ∠B'AC = ∠C'AB and AB'' ⊥ AB' και AC'' ⊥ AC and let
be the points B', C', outwardly to ABC. Prove that the line connecting the points K ≡ BB'∩CC' and L ≡
BB''∩CC'' , passes through the Nine point center of ABC.

66 Tran Quang Hung (original)
Let ABC be a triangle with circumcircle (O) and A'B'C' is circumcevian * triangle of the first Fermat
point F1. Let F2 and F2' be the second Fermat points of triangle ABC and A'B'C'. Prove that
perpendicular bisector of F2F2' bisects segment OF1.
(full figure)
* Given a triangle and a point not a vertex of , define the -vertex of the circumcevian
triangle as the point other than in which the line meets the circumcircle of , and similarly for
and . Then is called the circumcevian triangle of .

66 Tran Quang Hung (original)
Let ABC be a triangle with circumcircle (O) and A'B'C' is circumcevian triangle * of the first Fermat
point F1. Let F2 and F2' be the second Fermat points of triangle ABC and A'B'C'. Prove that
perpendicular bisector of F2F2' bisects segment OF1.
(figure with less lines)
* Given a triangle and a point not a vertex of , define the -vertex of the circumcevian
triangle as the point other than in which the line meets the circumcircle of , and similarly for
and . Then is called the circumcevian triangle of .

P interior point
Prove that Α1 , Β1 , C1 , Α 2 , Β2 , C2 are concyclic

Prove that a triangle inscribed in an ellipse has it's maximum area if and only if it's centroid coincides
with the ellipse's center.
Additional question by Efthimis Alexiou:

Find the area of the largest inscribed triangle in an ellipse.
source: Maragkakis Manolis, Theaetetus , issues 4-5 1993, greek math magazine
68 LEMMA Efthimis Alexiou
The largest inscribed triangle in a circle is the equilateral.

A,B given interior points, Κ the center.

Find M so that the sum MA+MB is minimum.

Prove that ΑΗ ⊥ ΒΕ
source: Maragkakis Manolis, Theaetetus , issues 2-3, 1990, greek math magazine

AD=BC, x = ;
source: Varverakis Antreas, Theaetetus , issues 2-3, 1990, greek math magazine

Prove that ΜΑ,ΜΒ are tangents


AB=CD=EF=R
Prove that KL=LM=MK

Let ABC be a triangle and P a point on line ΑΝ (Ν = Center of Nine Point Circle). Let Β', C' be the
orthogonal projections of P on sides AC, AB, respectively and let Bc, Cb be the symmetric points of B',
C' about PC', PB' respectively.
Line AbAc is parallel to line BC.
Given line L parallel to BC, find point P on ΑΝ so that Bc, Cb belong to L.

75a Kalogerakis Thanos
∧
Given: r,R, KOL = 90o
AB = ? h= ?
75a Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1066436110136761/

75b Kalogerakis Thanos
Let C= OΚ ∩ ΑΒ, D= OL ∩ ΑΒ , Τ antipodal point of S, TΕ tangent to (Κ,r), TF tangent to (L,R).

Prove that:
1. Incircle of triangle TEF tangents internally to circumcircle of triangle COD
2. Radius of incircle of triangle TEF is ρ = h / 2
3. T-excircle of triangle is equal to (O,h)
75b Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1066480616798977/

x=?
Source: Maragkakis Manolis, Theaetetus , issues 2-3 1990, greek math magazine

x=?

Let ABC be a triangle and P a point on line ΑΝ (Ν = Center of Nine Point Circle). Let B', C' be the
orthogonal projections of P in ΑC, AB, respectively.
Then the symmetric line of Euler line of triangle AB'C' about the (internal) angle bisector of A is
perpendicular on line BC.

AE BZ
I ∈ (e) ⇔ BC ⋅ + AC ⋅ AB
=
CE CZ

N = the NPC center of ABC.
Na = the NPC center of PBC.
N'a = the reflection of Na in BC
N1 = the reflection of Na in AP
N'1 = the reflection of N1 in BC.
M1 = the perpendicular bisector of N'aN'1. Similarly M2, M3. Then:
1. M1, M2, M3 concur at O
2. The parallels to M1, M2 M3 through A', B', C' concur at the midpoint of ON

∧ ∧ ∧
Prove that Α΄Β΄=Β΄C΄= C΄ Α΄ and Α1 =Β1 =C1

(Ο)=(Ο΄), locus of D ?

A line L intersects BC, CA, AB at A', B', C', resp. The circles with diameters AA', BB', CC' are coaxial.
If L = the Euler line, the circles with diameters AA', BB', CC' are concurrent at 2 points, one on
circumcircle’s circumference and one on Nine Point Circle’s circumference.

Let ABC be a triangle, Ι it’s incenter and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of Ι. Denote:
Ι' the intersection point of ΑΑ', ΒΒ', CC' (Gergonne point of the triangle)
Α", Β", C" the orthogonal projections of Α, Β, C on line ΙΙ', respectively.
Then the circumcicles of triangles ΑΑ'Α", ΒΒ'Β", CC'C" are concurrent at the Feuerbach point of the
triangle (the point at which incircle and the nine point circle are tangent).

by the Romantics of Geometry edition 1.1: 24-10-2016

85 Hatzipolakis Antreas (1) & Tran Quang Hung (2) (original)
Let ABC be a triangle, A'B'C' the pedal triangle of I and L a line passing through I (incenter).
Denote:
A", B", C" = the orthogonal projections of A, B, C on L, respectively. Then:
1. The lines A'A", B'B", C'C" are concurrent.

2. The lines AA", BB", CC" are concurrent.
sources:
1 https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Hyacinthos/conversations/messages/24473/
2 https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Hyacinthos/conversations/messages/24475/

∆
Prove that ∆ΕΖ is a right triangle.
∧ ∧
= 900 ⇒ ΕΑΖ
Note. The converse is also true: if Ε∆Ζ = 1200 .

87 Kalogerakis Thanos (original)
∧ ∧
= 40ο , C
Α = 40ο , AB
= DC
= m, AD
= CE
= n, AS
= ST
= TC , TL / / DG
∧
a ) DEC = ?
b=
) DG f= (m, n) ?
c) KL f=
= (m, n) ?

88. Tran Quang Hung (original)
Reflect a leg of a circumscribed isosceles trapezoid through a segment connecting two arbitrary points
on two base of this trapezoid, we get four triangles with incircles as in the figure. Prove that sum of
radius of three small circles equal to radius of bigger circle (other than incircle of trapezoid).
Inspired by a problem in Sharygin Olympiad 2012

Construct (using just a compass and a straightedge) the tangent of the parabola at point N in the image.
Determine geometrically (using just a compass and a straightedge) the vertex, the focus and the directrix
of the parabola given in the image.

91 Vittas Kostas
Given parallelogram ABCD and let P be random interior point. From random point A' of segment AP,
draw the parallel lines to AB, AD, which intersects the extensions of DP, BP to points B', D'
respectively. Prove that the lines AC', A'C, BB', DD', meet at the same point, let it be Q, whereas C' is
the intersection point of the parallel lines through B', D' to BC, CD respectively.

92 Romanidis Sokratis
The two squares have their sides parallel. Segments k,l,m,n connect their opposite vertices.
Prove that these segments are concurrent at a point P.
http://eisatopon.blogspot.gr/2016/09/blog-post_33.html


Ab, Ac = the orthogonal projections of A on PB, PC, respectively
Ma = the midpoint of AbAc, M1 = the mdpoint of AP
MaM1 =: L1 , Similarly L2, L3
For P = O (circumcenter) or N (Euler circle center) L1, L2, L3 are concurrent.

94a Stamatiadis Vaggelis
Prove that ΡΗ ⊥ ΑΜ

94b GENERALIZATION Vittas Kostas
With chord the side BC of a given triangle ∆ ABC, draw random circle (M), which meets the sides AC,
AB, in points E, Z, respectively. Prove that PH ⊥ AM whereas P ≡ BC∩EZ , H ≡ BE ∩CZ and M is the
center of circle (M).

95 Stamatiadis Vaggelis
Prove that ΡΑ ⊥ ΡΒ

Among his great-grandfather’s papers, Marco found a parchment describing the location of a pirate
treasure buried on a deserted island. The island contained a pine tree, an oak tree, and a gallows where
traitors were hung. The parchment was accompanied by the following directions:
Walk from the gallows to the pine tree, counting the number of steps. At the pine tree, turn 90º to the
right. Walk the same distance and put a spike in the ground. Return to the gallows ad walk to the oak
tree, counting your steps. At the oak tree, turn 90º to the left, walk the same number of steps, and put
another spike in the ground. The treasure is halfway between the spikes.
Marco found the island and the two trees but could not find no trace of the gallows or the spikes, as both
had probably rotted. In desperation, he began to dig at random but soon gave up because the island was
too large. Your quest is to devise a plan to find the exact location of the treasure.
( known as Gamow’s hidden treasure problem)


∧
 ∧
ο Α ∧
ΑΒC , Β < 90 , AC= 2 ΑΒ Νδο C <
2
Two points (villages) A and B are given on opposite sides of a strip defined by two parallel lines. The
strip represents a river, and the points two cities on the opposite sides of the latter. The problem is to
build the shortest possible road between A and B, assuming that the land parts of the road are straight
line segments and the bridge is perpendicular to the banks.

099 Sabas Theodoros
Prove that BI, CJ, AK are concurrent

100 Kalogerakis Thanos
Show that the non convex quadrilateral, which is created by folding a convex circumscribable
quadrilateral across it’s diagonal is also circumscribable (or generally prove that the criteria for convex
quadrilaterals’ circumscribability are also valid for non convex ones)

Prove that DP=AK

MA=MB prove that ΜP=MQ
It is known as the butterfly theorem.

It is valid also in conic sections and pairs of intersecting lines.

Prove that ΖC ⊥ ΔΕ.

Prove that ΡΡ1= ΡΡ 2 + ΡΡ3

105a Stamatiadis Vaggelis
Prove that ΟQ ⊥ Α΄Β΄.

105b EXTENSION 1 by Tran Quang Hung
Let ABC be a triangle with altitude AH. M,K are midpoints of BC,AH. Let E,F such that BE ⊥ AC,
CE ⊥ BC,BF ⊥ BC,CF ⊥ AB. Prove that MK ⊥ EF.

105c EXTENSION 2 by Tran Quang Hung
Let ABC be a triangle with symmedian point L. Circle (K) passes through B,C cut CA,AB again at E,F.
BE cuts CF at H. M is midpoint of BC. ML cuts AH at N. Let P,Q lie on BE,CF, reps such that PC,QB
are tangent to (K). Prove that KN ⊥ PQ.
105 Link: http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6t48f6h1316939

Prove that ( ΒΑ1 )( ΒΑ 2 ) ⋅ ... ⋅ ( ΒΑ7 ) = R 7

Prove that ( K1 ) = ( K 2 )

Let the parabola in the image. If (l) is the tangential of the parabola at its vertex A, E is the projection of
the parabola’s point P in (l), prove geometrically that the straight line that goes through M and P is the
tangential of the parabola at point P.
108 Link: https://www. facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1081578098622562/


Prove that IF is tangent to circle (O)

110 Vittas Kostas
A triangle ∆ ABC is given and let G be its centroid. Let A', B', C' be the orthocenters of the triangles ∆
GBC, ∆ GCA, ∆ GAB, respectively. Prove that the centroid of the triangle ∆ A'B'C', is coincided with
the orthocenter H of the triangle ∆ ABC.

Incircle (Ι)
Prove that ( ΒΒ ')( CC ') = ( ΒD )( CD )


Ha, Hb, Hc = the orthocenters of KBC, KCA, KAB. resp. (K = the symmedian point)
Then the centroid of HaHbHc lies on the Euler line of ABC.

113 Tran Quang Hung
Let ABC be a triangle. L is symmedian point. Ha,Hb,Hc are orthocenter of LBC,LCA,LAB.

Na,Nb,Nc are NPC centers of LHbHc,LHcHA,LHaHb. K is orthocenter of triangle NaNbNc.
Then line KL is parallel to Euler line of ABC.

114 Tran Quang Hung
Let ABC be a triangle. Centroid is G. Ha,Hb,Hc is orthocenters of triangle GBC,GCA,GAB.

Na,Nb,Nc are NPC center of triangle GHbHc,GHcHa,GHaHb.
Then NPC center of ABC is symmedian point of triangle NaNbNc.
Extension: http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6t48f6h1315937

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of I. Denote:

H', Ha, Hb, Hc = the orthocenters of A'B'C', IBC, ICA, IAB, respectively.
Then the reflections of H'Ha, H'Hb, H'Hc in BC, CA, AB, respectively are concurrent.

Let ABC be a triangle, N the Nine Point Circle Center and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of N. Denote:
Oa, Ob, Oc = the circumcenters of NBC, NCA, NAB, respectively.
Then the reflections of NOa, NOb, NOc in BC, CA, AB, respectively are concurrent.

117 Kalogerakis Thanos
Given rhombus ABCD and ΤΜ=ΜP.

∧
∧ ∧ SAB
1. Prove that: a) ΑP=2 ⋅ SB β) ΑCT = TCP =
2
ΑC
2. Find so that SM ⊥ AC
BD

118 Vittas Kostas
A triangle ∆ ABC is given with circumcircle (O) and let M be, the midpoint of the arc BAC. The incircle
(I), is tangent to the side-segments of the triangle ∆ ABC, at points D, E, F respectively and let P be, the
orthogonal projection of the point D, on the segment EF. Prove that PQ // IM, where I is the incenter of
∆ ABC and Q is the orthogonal projection of the point A, on the line DI.

Let ABC be a triangle, P a point and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of N (Nine Point Circle Center). Denote:
Pa, Pb, Pc = the reflections of P in BC, CA, AB, respectively.
La, Lb, Lc = the reflections of APa, BPb, CPc in NA', NB', NC', respectively. Then:
1. La, Lb, Lc are concurrent
2. The parallels to La, Lb, Lc through A', B', C', respectively are concurrent.

120a Chronopoulos Takis
If two perpendicular straight lines are drawn through the orthocenter of a triangle, they intercept a
segment on each of the sidelines. The midpoints of these three segments are collinear.
(The Droz-Farny line theorem)
120a Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1096725873774451/

120b GENERALIZATION Chronopoulos Takis
If two perpendicular straight lines are drawn through the orthocenter of a triangle, they intercept a
segment on each of the sidelines. The three points A3, B3, C3 dividing into the same ratio the
corresponding segments A1A2, B1B2, and C1C2, then A3, B3, C3 remain collinear.
(Lamoen's Generalization of The Droz-Farny line theorem)
120b Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52/permalink/1098379056942466/
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=185&t=56074

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120 Geometry Exercises (volume 1st,issues 1-10, No.

by the Romantics of Geometry edition 1st: 12-11-2016

edited by: Chronopoulos Takis (parmenides51)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group)

by the Romantics of Geometry 3rd edition: 31 -08-2016

edited by: Chronopoulos Takis (parmenides51)

(figure of problem 009)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 1

ΒΑ=ΒΕ. Prove D,Z,H,C concyclic.

Additional question by Kostas Labrinidis: Prove that Α,Β,Ε,Η are concyclic.

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 2

Prove that AD, ΒΕ, CΖ are concurrent.

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 3

ABCD square. (ΑΚΜ) : (ΑΒΓΔ) = ?

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 4

ABCD square, Κ interior point. Prove that ( ( DQK ) ∩ ( ΒΡK ) ) ∈ ΒD .

V. Dubrovsky, Quantum Magazine (July/August 1994)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 5

Given points C,D belong to a given diameter AB of a given circle (O,R)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 6

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 7

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 8

An triangle ABC is given and given also a point M of it's plane.

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 9

M. Bezborodnikov , Quantum Magazine (November /December 1995)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 10

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 11

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 12

ABCD square. Prove that AOD is equilateral.

(Sherlock Holmes displays math powers), D. V. Fomin, Quantum Magazine

other source: Stan Wagon, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 13

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 14

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 15

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 16

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 17

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 18

Circles C , C’ are orthogonal. Χ moves along 

Prove that PQ is diameter.

(Sherlock Holmes displays math powers), D. V. Fomin, Quantum Magazine

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 19

by the Romantics of Geometry 2nd edition: 03-09-2016

edited by: Chronopoulos Takis (parmenides51)

(figure of problem 016)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 1

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the cevian triangle of G. Denote:

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 2

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 3

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 4

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 5

ΒΕ, CD bisectors, <EDC=18ο , <DEB=24 ο prove <B=12 ο.

(source: Ricardo Barroso Campos , Hyacinthos)

https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 6

(known as Regiomontanus' angle maximization problem)

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(source: Stavrianidis’ Geometry, Thessaloniki 1977, a greek book)

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https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 9

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https://web.facebook.com/groups/parmenides52 (Romantics of Geometry - Facebook group) 11

Let ABC be a triangle and A'B'C' the pedal triangle of H. Denote:

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