CONTENTS

1. OSI Model
2. Protocol Type
- Polling Architecture
- Event – Driven Architecture
- TCP/IP
- Modbus
- Profibus
- IEC61850
- OPC
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Protocol Types:

• Polling Architecture
• Event-Driven Architecture
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Polling Architecture:

• The most widely protocols (ex. Modbus, DNP 3)

• Master / Slave Architecture – Periodical Operation
• Time delay problem by Request / Response
• Not useful for Event management system
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Even-Driven Architecture:

• The newly protocols (ex. IEC 61850)

• No Master / Slave Architecture
• Useful for Peer to Peer Network (Ethernet-Based Network)
• Collision Detection Algorithm
• Real time Event management system
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The OSI model

- What is it?

7 Application OSI: Open System Interconnection

6 Presentation 7 Layers
– Stages data must pass to travel from
5 Session –
one device to another
Each layer represents a set of

4 Transport –
functions that transform data
Information travels sequentially layer

3
to layer
Network – Data is transformed and prepared for

2 Data Link
the next layer
– The Physical layer represents the
actual connection between two
1 Physical devices operating the model
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The OSI model

- Why does it matter?

7 Application The OSI model…

6 Presentation • Explains how information is formatted to be
exchanged in a network
5 Session • Ensures interoperability among Ethernet

4 Transport devices

3
• Allows multiple protocols to operate
Network simultaneously in the network

2 Data Link • Is rigid enough to provide structure, but

flexible enough to allow customization of

1 Physical
protocols and applications
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The OSI model

- How does it work?
Company A Company B

7 Application

Company Business
Dictates or Hand
Reads Message
Writes a Message

6 Presentation
Manager Manager
Proofreads, Alerts Manager
Corrects, Of Incoming
Assistant and Prepares Message
Assistant

5 Session
Secretary
Provides Address
Puts in Envelope
Opens Message
Reads It
Secretary

4 Transport
Picks Up
Drives Letter to
Message From
Post Office
Post Office
Courier Courier

Postal Services
3
Takes Letter and
Sorts Messages
Network Sorting
Puts it in Right
Compartment
By Department
Sorting

2 Data Link
Packs Letter for Unpacks Packages
Individual From Various
Directions Sources
Packaging Packaging
Takes

1
Puts Letter
Packages off
Physical Loading
On Truck
Truck
Loading
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The TCP/IP Suite

- What is it?

OSI Model

7 Application TCP/IP Model

6 Presentation 4 Application
5 Session 3 Transport
4 Transport 2 Network
3 Network 1 Data Link / Physical
2 Data Link
1 Physical
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The TCP/IP Suite

- What is it?

BOOTP
Application Modbus HTTP OPC CIP SNMP DHCP

Transport TCP UDP

OSPF IGMP
ICMP
IGRP
Network
IP

Data Link QoS IEEE 802.3 Ethernet RSTP

Physical
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MODBUS
The MODBUS protocol implements a client/server architecture and
operates essentially in a ‘request/response’ mode

• Master – Slave Protocol

• Up to 247 Slave connection

• No communication between Slave

• Unicast mode : Slave respond

• Broadcast mode : Slave don’t respond

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Profibus-DP

Technical specifications
• Transmission system: RS 485
• Topology: linear, star, ring
• Medium: two-wire twisted pair cable, fiber-optics option
• Number of stations: 126 max. (32 max. per segment)
• Transmission rate: 12 Mbit/s max.
• Redundancy: with optical link modules (OLMs) and fiber-optic
double ring
• Profibus-DP Protocol have a GSD file. It is a data base file for the Profibus
device to tell the control what the device and I/O configuration.
- GSD : Generic Station Description
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IEC 61850
IEC61850 is a framework for substation automation that addresses
more of what is required for interoperability of intelligent electronic
devices (IEDs) beyond just the protocol:
• Standardized object models and naming conventions
• Standardized meaning of data
• Standardized services and device behavior models
• Self-describing devices
• Common configuration language
• IEC 61850 Protocol have a 4 data files for communication.
- SSD : System Specification Description
- SCD : Substation Configuration Description
- CID : Configured IED Description
- ICD : IED Capability Description
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OPC
What is OPC Server?

OPC is based on the Microsoft OLE/COM technology OLE(Object

Linking and Embedding) Automation provides a data access via
Local-area network, Remote sites or the internet
* Local : The server and the Client are on the same PC
* Remote : Server & Client are on different PCs
• Multi Client/Server Architecture
• Local and Remote Server access
• Manages Real Time information