FÓRMULAS FINANCIERAS IMPORTANTES

1. Interés simple
𝐼 = 𝑃. 𝑖. 𝑛
𝐹 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑖. 𝑛)
𝐹
𝑃=
(1 + 𝑖. 𝑛)
𝐼 𝐹−𝑃 𝐹 1
𝑖= = = −
𝑃. 𝑛 𝑃. 𝑛 𝑃. 𝑛 𝑛
𝐼 𝐹−𝑃 𝐹 1
𝑛= = = −
𝑃. 𝑖 𝑃. 𝑖 𝑃. 𝑖 𝑖

2. Tasa de descuento
𝐷 = 𝑉𝑁. 𝑑. 𝑛
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑁(1 − 𝑑. 𝑛)
𝑉𝐿
𝑉𝑛 =
(1 − 𝑑. 𝑛)
𝐷
𝑑=
𝑉𝑁. 𝑛
𝐷
𝑛=
𝑉𝑁. 𝑑
3. Interés compuesto
𝐹 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑖)𝑛
𝑃 = (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛
𝐼 = 𝑃[(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1]
𝐹
log
𝑛= 𝑃 = log 𝐹 − log 𝑃
log(1 + 𝑖) log(1 + 𝑖)
1
𝐹
𝑛 𝐹 𝑛
𝑖 = √ −1=( ) −1
𝑃 𝑃

4. Tasas equivalentes
𝑚
𝑗 = √(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
5. Relación entre la tasa de interés (i) y la tasa de descuento (d)
𝑑
𝑖=
1−𝑑
1
𝑑=
1+𝑖
6. Principios fundamentales que rigen las ecuaciones de valor

∑ 𝐼𝑛𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠 = ∑ 𝐸𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠

∑ 𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑠 = ∑ 𝑃𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑠

∑ 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 = ∑(𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠 + 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙)

7. Anualidades ordinarias vencidas

(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
𝐹 = 𝐴[ ]
𝑖
𝐹. 𝑖
𝐴=
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
𝐹. 𝑖
log ( + 1)
𝑛= 𝐴
log(1 + 𝑖)
1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛
𝑃 = 𝐴[ ]
𝑖
𝑃. 𝑖
𝐴=
1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛
𝑃. 𝑖
log (1 −
𝑛=− 𝐴)
log(1 + 𝑖)
8. Anualidades anticipadas
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1)
𝐹 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑖) [ ]
𝑖

𝐹. 𝑖
𝐴=
(1 + 𝑖)[(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1]
 𝐹. 𝑖
log [ + 1]
𝐴(1 + 𝑖)
𝑛=
log(1 + 𝑖)

1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛
𝑃 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑖) [ ]
𝑖

𝑃. 𝑖
𝐴=
(1 + 𝑖)[1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛 ]

𝐴(1 + 𝑖)
log [ ]
𝐴(1 + 𝑖) − 𝑃. 𝑖
𝑛=
log(1 + 𝑖)

9. Anualidades perpetuas
𝐴
𝑃=
𝑖
𝐴 = 𝑃. 𝑖
10.Anualidades con gradiente aritmético
1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛 𝐺 1 − (1 + 𝑖)−𝑛 𝑛
𝑃 = 𝐴[ ]+ [ − ]
𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
(1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1 𝐺 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛 − 1
𝐹 = 𝐴[ ]+ [ − 𝑛]
𝑖 𝑖 𝑖
11.Anualidades con gradiente geométrico
𝐴 (1 + 𝐺)𝑛
𝑃= [ − 1] 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔 ≠ 𝑖
𝐺 − 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖)𝑛
𝑛𝐴
𝑃= 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔 = 𝑖
1+𝑖
𝐴
𝐹= [(1 + 𝐺)𝑛 − (1 + 𝑖)𝑛 ] 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔 ≠ 𝑖
𝐺−𝑖
𝑛𝐴
𝐹= 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔 = 𝑖
(1 + 𝑖)−𝑛+1
12.Tasa de inflación
𝑃1 − 𝑃0
𝑖𝑓 =
𝑃0
Donde:
𝑖𝑓 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑃0 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛
13.Devaluación de una moneda
𝑇𝐶1 − 𝑇𝐶0
𝑖𝑑 =
𝑇𝐶0
Donde:
𝑖𝑑 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑇𝐶0 = 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑇𝐶1 = 𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
14.Tasas combinadas
𝑖𝑐 = 𝑖1 + 𝑖2 + 𝑖1 . 𝑖2
Donde:
𝑖𝑐 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎
𝑖1 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 1
𝑖𝑟 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 2
15.Tasa deflactada o tasa real
𝑖 − 𝑖𝑓
𝑖𝑟 =
1 − 𝑖𝑓
Donde:
𝑖𝑟 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑖 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑖𝑓 = 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
16.Tasa promedio ponderada
𝑖% = (𝑃1 . 𝑖) + (𝑃2 . 𝑗)
Donde:
𝑃1 = 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜
𝑃2 = 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑗𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑖 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑜
𝑗 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑗𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑖% = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙