Authomatic Speed Control and Accident Avoidance of Vechile

Automatic speed control and accident avoidance of vehicle
ASSOSA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
STREAM: INDUSTRIAL CONTROL ENGINEERING
“AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL AND ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE OF VEHICLES”
BY:
NAME ID NO
MATIYOS ABEBE ETR/2807/08

MEKDES SEWNET ETR/356/07
GUTEMA SORNA ETR/371/07
ADVISOR: WERKAGEGN TATEK
ASSOSA, ETHIOPIA
Automatic speed control and accident avoidance of vehicle 2018
DECLARATION
We declare that the information found in this project is our original work the project has never
has been presented or published anywhere or in any institution of learning. And all sources of
materials that will be used for the project work will be fully acknowledged.
Name of student ID Signature

Matiyos Abebe ………………………ETR/2807/08
Mekdes Sewnet………………………ETR/356/07
Gutema Sorna ……………..………..ETR/371/07
APPROVAL
1)
2)
ii
4th year semester project
Contents
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................................................................................... 1
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................... 1
1.3 scope of project ....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 3
LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 7
METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 PROJECT METHODOLOGIES FOLLOWED .................................................................... 7
The methodology we follow to do our project work is shown as follows .................................. 7
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ 10
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION............................................................................. 11
ARDUINO ............................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 ULTRASONIC SENSOR................................................................................................ 12
3.4 BUZZER .......................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 MOTOR DRIVER ........................................................................................................... 13
3.6 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) ................................................................................ 15
LIST OF REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 19
iii
iv
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1 Methodology Of The Project ........................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 System Block Diagram ................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3 : Arduino Uno ................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 4: Pin Diagram Of Ultrasonic Sensor ................................................................................ 13
v
Abstract
Vehicle accident has become very acute now a day. When investigated, it has been found that
many of the accidents happen due to drivers’ failure to stop the car at the right time. In some
cases it is the pedestrians who cannot cross a road at the right time. Researchers have found that
nearly 35% people die from accident of which 98% die due to fatal road accidents. Many vehicle
industries have introduced artificial intelligence system in the vehicles to reduce such accidents.
But, this system is complicated and cost requirement is high. As a result, mass people still
remain in the risk of accidents. This limitation has drawn the concentration of this research. This
research describes how a cheap intelligent system design can be implemented to avoid sudden
accidents. The design includes such system that the vehicle speed automatically reduces
whenever there is a possible threat of accident. Automatic speed control and accident avoidance
vehicle is designed for driver. When the driver is unable to take any measure and the car is more
near to the obstacle. By considering this factor in the designed system Pre-crash sensing
ultrasonic sensor is used to senses the obstacle both at the back and front of the car and gives the
signal to the microcontroller (Arduino). Based on the received signal from the ultrasonic sensor
the system works into two ranges. At first range if an obstacle enters in the specified range
(either in front or back of the car) the system actuates the alerting system. At the second stage if
the obstacle is more near to the car in front side and if the driver does not give a response the
system itself automatically brake the pedal of the car to avoid collision both at low speeds,
typical of urban driving, and at higher speeds typical of rural roads and highways. To do this
project we follow the following methodology. First we study different literatures related to
accident avoidance vehicle system and select required materials. After that we design overall
control circuit for the selected materials based on their specification and develop the
microcontroller program. Finally by interfacing the software components and hardware
components we implement microcontroller (Arduino) based accident avoidance vehicle system
vi
Automatic speed control and accident avoidance of vehicle
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

INTRODUCTION
Vehicle accident is a road traffic incident which usually involves one road vehicle being in collision
with, another vehicle, another road user, or a stationary road side object, and this may result in death,
injury and property damage. It is a well-known fact that the socio economic, physical and psychological
crisis caused by vehicle accidents need to be dealt with seriously. In recent day vehicle is part of
communication & communication is part of advancement of technology, so we decided to work on
vehicle speed control, and design something which will make human life today’s aspect.
There are different types of mobile vehicles which can be divided into several categories consists of
wheeled vehicle, cramped vehicle etc. It is the part of Automation; vehicle has sufficient intelligence
to cover the maximum area. This vehicle uses ultrasonic sensor to detect the obstacle in between the
path and then avoid them to complete its objective. The ultrasonic transmitter continuously generate
a signal of ,when an obstacle comes in the path the signal reflected back from the object and is
received by the ultrasonic receiver sensor and then generate a positive high signal with the help of
the receiver circuit that is there is an obstacle in the path. In such a way the vehicle is able to detect
obstacles of provided space and able to avoid obstacles coming in between the path of vehicle with
the help microcontroller board and complete its journey.
The main motto of designing such type of vehicle or the technology is that this technology can be
used in today’s very fast transportation to avoid the accident. Generally happen in congested or
crowed areas by applying emergency break. If we use this technology in the car or any vehicle, it
will automatically sense the obstacles then it will take a side to the available free space. An obstacle
may be a living things or any object. Autonomous Intelligent Robots are robots that can perform
desired tasks in unstructured environments without continuous human guidance. Thus by using this
technology in vehicles we make the drive safe.
1.1 Background
In the world the numbers of vehicles are coming high and increase rapidly. Even though these
high numbers of vehicles are being played the great role in our daily life expectancy, car
accidents account a severe threat to our lives in both ways physically as well as economically.
Many people lost their life every year in vehicle collision majorly due to driver’s inability to
observe the vehicles position while driving.
There are various causes of road accidents in Ethiopia. But the two main contributors are the
inexperience of many drivers, adding on the ineffective policies and generally awkward road and
vehicle conditions. Several Ethiopians have called on the Ethiopian Road and Traffic Authority
to prohibit road side parking on undesignated areas, increase the number of suitable traffic and
pedestrian signs, firm traffic law enforcement and speed control, train pedestrians on proper use
of road and control the use of narcotics among drivers.
Car accidents involve different processes according to where the accident occurs and in what
situation the collision occurs. Of the three main elements involved (i.e. the driver, the vehicle and
the environment), the main cause of accidents has been identified as the driver. Since, most
accidents are occurred due to carelessness, drunkenness, depression and sleepiness of the driver.
There are many modes of collision occurrence, a common mode of accident occurs when two
vehicles are traveling in the same direction, one going behind the other. A rear-end collision is
said to take place when the second vehicle runs into the rear end of the vehicle in front of it. One
4th year semester project Page 2

of the most frequent causes of rear-end accidents is the failure of a vehicle to maintain an
assured safe distance behind another vehicle to prevent a rear end collision, should the front
vehicle suddenly stop or slow down.
Now the developed system concentrates on advanced ideas such as pre-crash sensing, a
distance sensor is used to sense the object in front and back of the car and gives the signal to
the microcontroller unit. Based on the signal received from the distance sensor, the
microcontroller unit sends a signal to the brake actuator unit for applying the braking
automatically and also alarmed the buzzer and LED due to this sensor detection of the distant
obstacle within the settled range.
1.2 Significance
This project is used to the following significant:-
Community: in this country the traffic accident is high, because of the population density and
road problem. For this problem this project can minimize the mortality rate and other accidents.
Worrying of people (passengers) can be reduced where ever they go.
Government: to support the governmental workers to do their work properly and save their
time, i.e. no opposition from people and political stability is comfort. The government can save
its finance from the importing cars. It also reduced frequent road reconstruction and maintains
the road safety for long times which support transportation service. Decrease the number of
traffic police.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
The general objective of the paper is used to reduce the accident using Automatic speed control of
the vehicle is done with the help of distance sensor.
1.4 Specific Objective
 Design microcontroller based accident avoidance system

 To study possible approaches and methods of braking system of the present car models
 To improve driver safety
 To minimize car accident rate
 To design obstacle sensor system.

 Develop appropriate program in order to sense amount of distance.
1.5 Statement of the Problem
In recent years the number of vehicles increases in the world. Due to number of vehicle the
accident related to this increases. In the world many millions of dollar lost in relation with this
accident. Most of the vehicle accident is driving with unlimited speed carelessness of the driver. In
Ethiopia number of car in the city is more compare to the availability of road. Even some driver
does not consider this and drive the car without considering the obstacle that may face in front of
them. The obstacle may live things or nonliving things. So we should be save us as well as our
property which costs a millions of dollar and life of people. To perform this it should be properly
control the speed of the vehicle with reference to the obstacle.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This literature review covers eleven items relevant to the topic of braking versus steering.The
review of four of these items is based on citations in secondary sources. Malaterre et al. (1987),
Ferrandez et al. (1984), and Fleury et al. (1988) were described in Malaterre et al. (1988), and the
data from Edwards and Malone (1982) were reported by Forbes (1994).Six field or simulator
studies were identified in the literature and are summarized in Table 1, which includes the type of
vehicle used in the experiment, the emergency situation the vehicle encountered the number of
drivers, and the driver reaction to the emergency situation. The purpose of these studies was to
determine the types of strategies drivers exhibit when an unexpected obstacle appears in their path.
Obstacles included other moving vehicles, a pedestrian, a plastic barrel, a dummy car, and cones.
Speed was monitored in all situations, but time and distance to collision were not always
specifically stated. The experiments took place on either a test track or a simulated road.
In one case the track was on a frozen lake (Rundkvist, 1973). Each of these investigations had a
limited number of trials per driver because it was necessary to present drivers with unexpected
situations, and that can be done only a limited number of times in an experimental session.Table 2
summarizes five accident-data analyses in terms of the source of the accident data, number of
accidents examined, and the driver reactions. Unless noted otherwise, the accidents are not specific
to obstacle avoidance situations, but indicate what drivers do to avoid any type of accident
situation. The drivers' reactions to the emergency situation were classified by four maneuvers:
braking only, steering only, combined braking and steering, and no action. Hatterick and Bathurst
(1976) classified driver behavior in terms of 32 types of maneuvers. In order to summarize their
data for this review, the 32 maneuvers were divided into five categories: braking, steering,
combined braking and steering, no action, and other. Two sets of results are reported for this study
in Table 2. The first set pertains to the data reported for all accident situations. The second set
includes only accidents related to obstacle avoidance.


Any vehicle needs an ability to perform reliable obstacle detection as well as have efficient and
effective collision avoidance actuation ability when performing in dynamic environment. There
has been a great amount of research projects devoted to the development of a reliable collision
avoidance system. Some of the researches and their draw backs are listed below. "Road traffic
crashes are a public health and development crisis, says world health organization (WHO) director
general Margaret Chan. "Every day, road traffic crashes claim nearly 3,500 lives and injure many
thousands more. The vast majority of those affected are young people in developing countries".
The economic consequences are also significant: According to the WHO, car crashes cost the
world more than $500bn each year. And the WHO warns that accidents on the road are also a

leading cause of disability. WHO supports road safety efforts in other ways - for example, in
improving safety around schools in Malawi and Mozambique, and in helping improve emergency
services in Kenya and India and improving data collection systems (both in the health and police
sectors). Over the Decade, WHO will continue to support these and other national road safety
initiatives leading to sustainable government programs.
WHO also provides guidelines that highlight good practice in road traffic injury prevention, and
then supports governments to implement the suggested programs or policies. For example, a good
practice manual on increasing motorcycle helmet use and reducing drink-driving has been
implemented in a number of ASEAN countries, while a guide to improving pre- hospital care will
be used in Ethiopia and neighbor country. Capacity within countries is developed through the
implementation of these guides as well as through direct training in different areas of injury
prevention (for example, through courses on injury surveillance and on improving trauma care
services). In his work on Laser Intensity-Based Obstacle Detection and Tracking, John A. Hancock
used a laser scanner for obstacle detection and tracking for vehicles traveling on highways.
Kalman filtering was used to estimate the position and variance of each obstacle’s position.
provided an optimal sensor array with the minimum number of transmitter and receivers, with the
receivers closely spaced to minimize the corresponding problem of associating different receiver
echoes from multiple targets. The array harnessed the ultrasonic sensors to be applied in a robust
and accurate manner for obstacle detection. However, their investigation involved a static sensor
array, not implemented onto a mobile platform. Also, the performance is limited by physical
properties of air, reflectors and noise.

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Microcontroller based accident avoidance vehicle system includes four main components, thus are
microcontroller, distance sensors, buzzer, motor driver for braking and LED.
3.1 Project Methodologies Followed
The methodology we follow to do our project work is shown as follows
SEARCHING AND STUDYING OF RELATED LITRATURE
STUDYING AND SELECTING OF THE REDUIRED MATERIAL
DETERMINE THE SPECIFICATION OF SELECTING MATERIAL
CIRCUIT DESIGN CONTROL
DEVELOP ARDUINO MICRO CONTROLLER
INTERFACING MATERIALS AND SOFTWARE COMPONENT
TEST IMPLIMENTATION
Figure 1Methodology Of The Project

Flow chart
We have designed our system flow chart based on the following algorithm.
 First the ultrasonic sensor senses whether the obstacle is there or not
 If there is an obstacle the sensor send signal to the microcontroller
 The micro controller received the coming signal then check the level of the incoming
 signal depending on the distance of the obstacle location relative to the vehicle
 If the obstacle on alarm position it actuates the alarm to alert the driver
 If the obstacle near to the vehicle in front of vehicle automatically decrease speed of
vehicle
 Finally if the obstacle more near to the vehicle the microcontroller actuates both alarm
and vehicle to stop

start
Front ultrasonic sensor(durationB)
back ultrasonic sensor(duration)
durationB< Back
50 ultrasonic
sensor:>50 YES
YES
LED AND
BUZEER OFF
durationB
<45
Front
ultrasonic
Sped of vehicle is sensor<30 YES
NO
reduced in 10%
Hazard light on GREEN LED ON

durationB RED LED AND
<35 YES
BUZEER OFF
NO Sped of vehicle is Front

ultrasonic
reduced BY 40% sensor<29
YES
Hazard light on
durationB
<35 YES
GREEN LED Off
Sped of vehicle is
NO RED LED AND
reduced in 60%
BUZEER ON
Hazard light on
duration NO
B<15
YES
NO VEHICLE STOP
Hazard light
on

Over all description of the system

Collision Avoidance System deals with two basic object detection modes. The first one is alarm
range and the other one is automatic braking system. The system, which is provided with
obstacle sensing device, gets the obstacle warning a head of the host vehicle, and also the
distance that object has been detected. After the data received by the control module from
sensing device, it decides whether the object is in alarm range or in braking range according to
the data fed already in to the control module as per control algorithm. Simply, as the object
found within the alarm range(30)cm controller actuates first green LED light for alerting the
driver. If the driver doesn't take any measurement the alarm sound is followed. Otherwise if the
object found closer than alarm range braking range(below 29cm) controller actuates LED,
alarm and braking respectively.
System Block Diagram

Automatic Speed Control and Accident Avoidance of Vehicle includes four main components,
thus are microcontroller, distance sensors, buzzer, motor driver and LED

Figure 2 System Block Diagram
3.2 Block Diagram Description
As shown on the above block diagram microcontroller based accident avoidance vehicle system
consists of input part, process part and output part. The combination of the three parts is important
to ensure the system operate automatically. The input part consists of two ultrasonic sensors and
power supply. Microcontroller (Arduino) is used to process data. While, buzzer, LED and DC
servo motor are used in the output part. In the input part, the ultrasonic sensor will measure the
distance between the car and any obstacle in front of or at the back of the car continuously, then,
the values of the measurement are sending to the microcontroller.
3.3 ARDUINO
Arduino is a family of single-board microcontrollers, intended to make it easy to build interactive

objects or environments. The hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed based
on an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The systems provide sets of
digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various extension boards and other circuits.

Some models feature a USB interface for loading code from personal computers. The first Arduino
was introduced in 2005. Its designers sought to provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists,
students, and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and
actuators. Common examples for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats and
motion detectors. Arduino boards come with a simple integrated development environment (IDE)
that runs on regular personal computers and allows users to write programs for Arduino using C or
C++. Arduino boards can be purchased assembled or as do-it-yourself kits. Hardware design
information is available for those who would like to assemble an Arduino by hand.
Figure 3 : ARDUINO UNO
3.4 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

The purpose of ultrasonic sensor is used to identify any obstacle in the path. Compared to Passive
infrared sensor, the ultrasonic sensor will have high range, so it will easily identify the obstacles in
the path. Ultrasonic sensor operating at 40 kHz frequency is used in this system and the estimated
range is 4.5 feet (1.3716 meter). Long range ultrasonic sensors are also available and can be used
as per the application needs. Ultrasonic sensors are very effective and easily available.

Figure 4: Pin diagram of ultrasonic sensor
WORKING
Sensor works on trigger (TTL-10usec) pulse provided by any device. When trigger pulse sends to
the trigger pin of sensor. Then sensor module will send the 8 cycle of 40 KHz ultrasonic pulses and
receives echo signal after striking on object & reflect back. The distance between the sensor and
the object is calculated 15 by measuring high level time of the Echo pulse which can be retrieved
from ECHO pin of the sensor module and processing the high level time with the following
formula,
Echo pulse (µS) / 58 = Distance in centimeters
Echo pulse (µS) / 148 = Distance in inch
Distance = (high level time×velocity of sound (i.e. 340M/S) / 2).
3.5 BUZZER
Buzzer is an electrical device, which is similar to a bell that makes a buzzing noise and is used for
signaling. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of
user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. In our case it is used for alerting the driver
consecutively when obstacle have being detected by the distance sensors.
3.6 MOTOR DRIVER
Motor drivers take a low current control signal but provide a higher current signal, thus acting as a
current amplifier. The higher current signal drives the motors. L293D is a motor driver that allows
direct current (DC) motor to drive on either direction. It contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver
circuits. To rotate the motor in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, voltage needs to change its
direction. H-bridge is a circuit that allows voltage to be flown in either direction. Hence H-bridge
IC are ideal for driving a DC motor. While operating in its common mode, it can drive two DC
motors simultaneously, in forward as well as reverse direction. The motor operations can be

controlled by input logic at pins [2, 7] and [10, 15]. Input logic signal 00 or 11 will stop the motor.
Logic 01 will rotate it in clockwise direction and 10 in anticlockwise directions.
L293D is an H-bridge motor IC which can run two bi-directional motors at a time. The
microcontroller produces a very low current when it provides signal to the motor driver. With this
low current motor is unable to run. So, motor drivers act as current amplifiers and they provide a
higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors.Motor driver L293D,
decide which motor will be in motion or stop in according to the incoming signal from the
microcontroller. There are two sensors S1andS2 placed at the left and right side of the vehicle to
sense the obstacle. These sensors may be infrared sensors or ultrasonic sensor depending upon the
application. Sensors sense the object then generate a signal high or low then signal is processed by
the microcontroller; Microcontroller is Programmed to avoid the obstacle, when it get a signal
from sensor then by processing this signal drive the motor driver accordingly ,according to the
incoming signal of sensors microcontroller decide either left or right motor should move. Enabling
pins [1, 9] that correspond to the two motors, must be high for motors to start operating. When an
enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and
work in phase with their inputs.
Figure Pin Diagram of L293D

3.7 Light Emitting Diode (Led)

Light Emitting Diodes or LEDs are among the most widely used of all the different types of
semiconductor diodes available today. They are the most visible type of diode that emit a fairly
narrow bandwidth of either visible light at different colored wavelengths, invisible infra-red light
for remote controls or laser type light when a forward current is passed through them. In our
system these light emitting diodes are used for blinking as emergency light by accepting a signal
from the microcontroller and converting it in to light for alerting the driver at the first step.
3.8 DC Motor
Electrical DC Motors are continuous actuators that convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy. The DC motor achieves this by producing a continuous angular rotation that can be used to
rotate pumps, fans, compressors, wheels, etc. As well as conventional rotary DC motors, linear
motors are also available which are capable of producing a continuous liner movement. DC Motors
are used in many electronics, positional control, microprocessor, and robotic circuits. The DC
Motor is the most commonly used actuator for producing continuous movement and whose speed
of rotation can easily be controlled, making them ideal for use in applications were speed control,
servo type control, and/or positioning is required. A DC motor consists of two parts, a “Stator”
which is the stationary part and a “Rotor” which is the rotating part. A microcontroller cannot
easily control a D.C motor it would be driven either through an arrangement of transistors known
as an H-bridge, or using a dedicated motor driver IC.

CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
To test the simulation result of the system we used front ultrasonic sensor. By interfacing the
overall system control circuit with proteus and loading the arduino compiler we have seen the
simulation of our designed system and observed the following results.
Simulation result for front sensor
When front ultrasonic sensor reading above 50cm in real system it indicates that there is no any
type obstacle near to the car and the speed of car is controlled with driver. When the reading of the
ultrasonic sensor is read between 50cm&45cm in the first step the light emitting diode (LED) is
switched ON in real system it indicates there is obstacle on the way of the car but the distance is
far and led blink 10 times and speed is decrease slowly t. So the driver has enough distance to take
measure and automatically speed of vehicle is reduced according to the reading of ultrasonic
sensor. When the ultrasonic sensor reads from 45cm to 15cm in the next step still the speed of
vehicle is reduced and LED blink 10 times to a vehicle is reducing its speed to backer vehicle.
Again as the ultrasonic sensor reads below 15cm vehicle is automatic stop. This implies that the
obstacle become closer to the vehicle and the driver does not have enough time to take measure.
Simulation result for back sensor
As described before we have used back ultrasonic sensor for alarming purpose only rather than
braking. When back ultrasonic sensor reads above 50cm ranges from in real system it indicates
that there is no any type obstacle near back to the vehicle. When the reading of back ultrasonic
sensor is between 50cm & 30cm in the next step the green light emitting diode (LED) is switched
ON and two read lights it blinks 10 times to inform decrease your speed to vehicle coming in back
side .when the reading of ultrasonic sensor is below 30cm in the further step the buzzer is switched
ON and red led is activated.

Overall simulation result of the system

CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion
We have seen that car accident is the current problem in both worldwide and in our country. We
focused on, one of the common modes of accident occurs when two vehicles are traveling in the
same direction, one going behind the other. We know that total collision avoidance is impossible
but we can reduce it by small percentage. So we try to develop a car collision avoidance system by
using Ultrasonic sensor as obstacle detector and Microcontroller as processing unit of the system.
Also we have designed overall control circuit for the system based on their specification,
developed arduino-program for the microcontroller and interfacing the various components with
proteus.
Finally, we have simulated the system and obtain expected results. As shown in the simulation
when we Varies the value of the ULTRASONIC SENSOR the system shows two stages; the
alerting and automatic braking stage. The alerting stage by itself it has two steps lighting and
sounding stages by using LED and buzzer respectively. When the obstacle is located in the alerting
range either of the led or buzzer actuates depending on their limited range to warn the driver and
when the obstacle is located on the braking range the dc servo motor reduces speed and braking
will be applied to the car. Finally, we believe that if this system applied to the real world it will
reduced the current car collision accidents.
5.2 Recommendation
We recommended that the road transport must give a great attention to the traffic problem. Thus
they should ask the concerning body or engineers to design driver alerting system, automatic speed
control of the vehicles and automatic braking system. Then implement the system in real
application area in order to reduce traffic problems caused by car collision.

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[26] Arduino.“Reading a Potentiometer”,
[27] LINK: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Potentiometer
[28] LINK: http://science.howstuffworks.com/robot2.htm
[29] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstacle_avoidance
[30] LINK: www.robotics.co.in – for purchasing of hardware for project model
[31] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence

[32] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics

[33] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED
[34] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDR
[35] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer
[36] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L293D
[37] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/motor_driver
[38] LINK: http://www.strobotix.com
[39] LINK: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_driverless_car

Authomatic Speed Control and Accident Avoidance of Vechile

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Authomatic Speed Control and Accident Avoidance of Vechile

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Automatic speed control and accident avoidance of vehicle

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

STREAM: INDUSTRIAL CONTROL ENGINEERING

“AUTOMATIC SPEED CONTROL AND ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE OF VEHICLES”

MATIYOS ABEBE ETR/2807/08

ADVISOR: WERKAGEGN TATEK

Name of student ID Signature

LIST OF FIGURE ....................................................................................................................... v

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................... 1

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .................................................................................... 1

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................... 1

1.3 scope of project ....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 3

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................ 7

3.1 PROJECT METHODOLOGIES FOLLOWED .................................................................... 7

The methodology we follow to do our project work is shown as follows .................................. 7

SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ 10

3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION............................................................................. 11

3.3 ULTRASONIC SENSOR................................................................................................ 12

3.4 BUZZER .......................................................................................................................... 13

3.5 MOTOR DRIVER ........................................................................................................... 13

3.6 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) ................................................................................ 15

LIST OF REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 19

Figure 1 Methodology Of The Project ........................................................................................... 7

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

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1.3 Objective Of The Study

1.4 Specific Objective

 Design microcontroller based accident avoidance system

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 Develop appropriate program in order to sense amount of distance.

1.5 Statement of the Problem

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3.1 Project Methodologies Followed

The methodology we follow to do our project work is shown as follows

SEARCHING AND STUDYING OF RELATED LITRATURE

STUDYING AND SELECTING OF THE REDUIRED MATERIAL

DETERMINE THE SPECIFICATION OF SELECTING MATERIAL

CIRCUIT DESIGN CONTROL

DEVELOP ARDUINO MICRO CONTROLLER

INTERFACING MATERIALS AND SOFTWARE COMPONENT

Figure 1Methodology Of The Project

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back ultrasonic sensor(duration)

Hazard light on GREEN LED ON

NO Sped of vehicle is Front

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Over all description of the system

System Block Diagram

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Figure 2 System Block Diagram

3.2 Block Diagram Description

Arduino is a family of single-board microcontrollers, intended to make it easy to build interactive

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