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the oxford handbook of

LAW AND POLITICS

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the oxford handbook of

....................................................................................................................................................

LAW AND
POLITICS
.....................................................................................................................................................

Edited by

KEITH E. WHITTINGTON
R . DA N I E L K E L E M E N
and

G R E G O RY A . C A L D E I R A

1
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3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp
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Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
Printed in Great Britain
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ISBN 978–0–19–920842–5

1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
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Contents
................................................

About the Contributors x

PA RT I I N T RO D U C T I O N
1. The Study of Law and Politics 3
Keith E. Whittington, R. Daniel Kelemen,
& Gregory A. Caldeira

PA RT I I A P P ROAC H E S
2. Judicial Behavior 19
Jeffrey A. Segal
3. Strategic Judicial Decision Making 34
Pablo T. Spiller & Rafael Gely
4. Historical Institutionalism and the Study of Law 46
Rogers M. Smith

PA RT I I I C O M PA R AT I V E J U D I C I A L P O L I T I C S
5. The Rule of Law and Courts in Democratizing Regimes 63
Rebecca Bill Chavez
6. The Global Spread of Constitutional Review 81
Tom Ginsburg
7. Establishing and Maintaining Judicial Independence 99
Georg Vanberg
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vi contents

8. The Judicialization of Politics 119

Ran Hirschl
9. Comparative Federalism and the Role of the Judiciary 142
Daniel Halberstam
10. Legal and Extra-Legal Emergencies 165
Kim Lane Scheppele

PA RT I V I N T E R NAT I O NA L A N D
S U P R A NAT I O NA L L AW
11. International Law and International Relations 187
Beth Simmons
12. The European Court of Justice and European Legal Integration:
An Exceptional Story or Harbinger of the Future? 209
Karen J. Alter
13. War Crimes Tribunals 229
Gary J. Bass
14. The Globalization of the Law 245
Bryant G. Garth

PA RT V FORMS OF LEGAL ORDER

15. Civil Law and Common Law: Toward Convergence? 267
Ugo Mattei & Luca Pes
16. Constitutionalism 281
Keith E. Whittington
17. Constitutional Law and American Politics 300
Mark A. Graber
18. The Legal Structure of Democracy 321
Richard H. Pildes
19. Administrative Law 340
Daniel B. Rodriguez
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contents vii

20. Legislation and Statutory Interpretation 360

Elizabeth Garrett
21. Informalism as a Form of Legal Ordering 378
Christine B. Harrington

PA RT V I S O U RC E S O F L AW A N D T H E O R I E S
O F J U R I S P RU D E N C E
22. Natural Law 399
Robert P. George
23. Rights in Legal and Political Philosophy 414
Matthew H. Kramer
24. Formalism: Legal, Constitutional, Judicial 428
Frederick Schauer
25. Feminist Theory and the Law 437
Judith A. Baer
26. The Racial Subject in Legal Theory 451
Sheila Foster & R. A. Lenhardt

PA RT V I I THE AMERICAN JUDICIAL CONTEXT

27. Filling the Bench 469
David A. Yalof
28. The U.S. Supreme Court 487
Lee Epstein
29. Relations among Courts 503
Susan Haire
30. Litigation and Legal Mobilization 522
Michael McCann
31. Legal Profession 541
Richard L. Abel
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viii contents

PA RT V I I I T H E P O L I T I C A L A N D
P O L I C Y E N V I RO N M E N T O F C O U RT S
I N T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S
32. Judicial Independence 557
Frank Cross
33. Law and Regulation 576
Susan Rose-Ackerman
34. Law as an Instrument of Social Reform 595
Charles R. Epp
35. Criminal Justice and the Police 614
Wesley G. Skogan
36. Law and Political Ideologies 626
Julie Novkov
37. Courts and the Politics of Partisan Coalitions 644
Howard Gillman
38. Understanding Regime Change: Public Opinion, Legitimacy,
and Legal Consciousness 663
Scott Barclay & Susan S. Silbey

PA RT I X I N T E R D I S C I P L I NA RY A P P ROAC H E S
TO L AW A N D P O L I T I C S
39. Law and Society 681
Lynn Mather
40. The Analysis of Courts in the Economic Analysis of Law 698
Lewis A. Kornhauser
41. Psychology and the Law 711
Tom R. Tyler
42. Law and History 723
Christopher Tomlins
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contents ix

PA RT X OLD AND NEW

43. The Path of the Law in Political Science: De-Centering Legality
from Olden Times to the Day before Yesterday 737
Stuart A. Scheingold
44. Reflections about Judicial Politics 752
Harold J. Spaeth
45. Law and Politics: The Problem of Boundaries 767
Martin Shapiro

Index 000
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About the Contributors

...............................................................................................................................

Richard Abel is Michael J. Connell Professor of Law at the University of California

at Los Angeles.
Karen Alter is Associate Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University.
Judith Baer is Professor of Political Science at Texas A&M University.
Scott Barclay is Associate Professor of Political Science and Public Administration
and Policy at the State University of New York at Albany.
Gary Bass is Associate Professor Politics and International Affairs at Princeton
University.
Gregory A. Caldeira is Distinguished University Professor and University Chaired
Professor of Political Science at the Ohio State University.
Rebecca Chavez is Associate Professor of Political Science at the United States
Naval Academy.
Frank Cross is Herbert D. Kelleher Centennial Professor of Business Law at the
University of Texas at Austin.
Charles Epp is Associate Professor of Public Administration at the University of
Kansas.
Lee Epstein is Beatrice Kuhn Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science at
Northwestern University.
Sheila Foster is Albert A. Walsh Professor of Law and Co-Director of the Stein
Center for Law and Ethics at Fordham University.
Elizabeth Garret is Vice President and Sydney M. Irmas Chair in Public Interest
Law, Legal Ethics, Political Science and Policy, Planning, and Development at the
University of Southern California.
Bryant Garth is Dean and Professor of Law at Southwestern Law School.
Rafael Gely is Judge Joseph P. Kinneary Professor of Law at the University of
Cinncinati.
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about the contributors xi

Robert P. George is McCormick Professor Jurisprudence and Director of the James

Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University.
Howard Gillman is Professor of Political Science and History at the University of
Southern California.
Thomas Ginsburg is Professor of Law and Political Science and Director of
the Program in Asian Law, Politics, and Society at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
Mark Graber is Professor of Law and Government at the University of Maryland at
College Park.
Susan Haire is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia.
Christine Harrington is Professor of Politics at New York University.
Daniel Halberstam is Professor of Law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
Ran Hirschl is Professor of Political Science and Law and Canada Research Chair in
Constitutionalism, Democracy, and Development at the University of Toronto.
R. Daniel Kelemen is Associate Professor of Political Science at Rutgers University.
Lewis Kornhauser is Alfred B. Engelberg Professor of Law and Director of the
Institute for Law and Society at New York University.
Matthew Kramer is Professor of Law at the University of Cambridge.
Lynn Mather is Professor of Law and Political Science and Director of the Baldy
Center for Law and Social Policy at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
Ugo Mattei is Alfred and Hanna Fromm Chair in International and Comparative
Law at the University of California Hastings College of the Law.
Michael McCann is Gordon Hirabayashi Professor for the Advancement of
Citizenship at the University of Washington.
Julie Novkov is Associate Professor of Political Science and Women’s Studies at the
State University of New York at Albany.
Luca Pes is Assistant Dean at Venice International University.
Richard Pildes is Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law at New York
University.
Daniel B. Rodriguez is Minerva House Drysdale Regents Chair in Law at the
University of Texas School of Law.
Susan Rose-Ackerman is Henry R. Luce Professor of Jurisprudence at Yale
University.
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xii about the contributors

Frederick Schauer is Frank Stanton Professor of the First Amendment at Harvard

University.
Stuart Scheingold is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of
Washington.
Kim Lane Scheppele is Laurence S. Rockefeller Professor of Public Affairs and the
University Center for Human Values and Director of the Program in Law and
Public Affairs at Princeton University.
Jeffrey Segal is Distinguished University Professor of Political Science at the State
University of New York at Stony Brook.
Beth Simmons is Professor of Government at Harvard University.
Martin Shapiro is James W. and Isabel Coffroth Professor of Law at the University
of California at Berkeley.
Susan Silbey is Professor of Sociology and Anthropology at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.
Wesley Skogan is Professor of Politcal Science at Northwestern University.
Rogers Smith is Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Political
Science at the Univesity of Pennsylvania.
Harold Spaeth is Research Professor of Law and Emeritus Professor of Political
Science at Michigan State University.
Pablo Spiller is Jeffrey A. Jacobs Distinguished Professor of Business and Technol-
ogy and Proffesor of Business and Public Policy at the University of California at
Berkeley.
Christopher Tomlins is Senior Research Fellow at the American Bar Foundation.
Tom Tyler is University Professor of Psychology at New York University.
Georg Vanberg is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Keith E. Whittington is William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Politics at Prince-
ton University.
David Yalof is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Con-
necticut.