Solutions of Tutorial # 01

Department of Chemical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
2nd Year, B.Tech. and Integrated Dual Degree (Chemical Engineering)
CH-205: Fluid Dynamics Solutions of Tutorial # 01 Autumn Semester, 2010-11
August 04, 2010

Q 1. Distinguish between the ideal gas from ideal fluid.

Solution:

An ideal fluid is frictionless and incompressible. Perfect gas, has viscosity and can, therefore, develop shear stress; is also
compressible.

Q 2. Show that the unit of viscosity, N.s/m2 is correct.

Solution:

dV
Viscosity is related to shear stress by  
dy

In terms of units,    N m / s N .s
 2
m2 m m
Q 3. Newton’s law of viscosity relates to which (or combination) of the following: (a) pressure, velocity and viscosity; (b) shear
stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid; (c) shear stress, temperature, viscosity and velocity; (d) pressure, viscosity,
angular rate of deformation; (e) yield shear stress, rate of angular deformation and viscosity.

Solution:

(b). Newton’s law of viscosity relates to shear stress and rate of angular deformation in a fluid.

Q 4. Calculate the force required to provide an initial upward acceleration of 40 m/s2 to a 0.4 kg of mass.

Solution:

Forces are summed in upward (vertical) y-direction, i.e.,

F y  ma y
F  mg  ma y  F  0.4  9.81  0.4  40  F  19.92 N

Q 5. A pressure is measured to be a vacuum of 23 kPa at a location where the elevation is 3000 m. Find out the absolute pressure.
Also, determined the value of absolute pressure in mm of mercury. Given data: Values of standard atmospheric pressure are
79.48 kPa and 61.64 kPa at elevation of 2000m and 4000m, respectively. Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6

Solution:

Given, pressure, P = 23 kPa (vacuum)

Atmospheric pressure at elevation of 3000 m can be calculated by using linear interpolation between the given values at
2000 m and 4000 m.
Therefore, Patm = 70.6 kPa at elevation of 3000 m
Absolute pressure, Pa = Patm – P = 70.6 – 23 = 47.6 kPa
Absolute pressure (in mmHg), h = Pa/(Hg g)= 47600/(13.610009.81) = 0.356 m = 356 mm

Q 6. A liquid reservoir has a mass of 500 kg and a volume of 0.315 m3. Find out the density, specific weight and specific gravity.

Solution:

Density,  = m/V = 500/0.315 =1587 kg/m3

Instructor: Dr. Ram P Bharti (email: rpbharti@iitr.ernet.in) Page 1 of 2 URL: http://rpbharti.webs.com/

 Solutions of Tutorial # 01
Specific weight,  = g = 1587  9.81 = 15568.47 N/m2 = 15.57 kN/m2
Specific gravity, s = /water at 4oC = 1587/1000 = 1.59
Q 7. The specific gravity of ethyl alcohol is 0.79. Calculate its specific weight and density.

Solution:

Specific gravity, s = /water at 4oC  density,  = s water at 4oC =0.79  1000 = 790 kg/m3
Specific weight,  = g = 790  9.81 = 7749.9 N/m3 = 7.75 kN/m3

Q 8. Carbon dioxide is at a pressure of 0.9MPa and temperature of 20oC. Determine its density.

Solution:

0.9  10 6
Ideal gas law, P  RT   16.26 kg / m 3
(8312 / 44)(273  20)

Q 9. A flat plate (0.5 m  2 m) is towed at 5 m/s on a 2 mm thick layer of oil ( = 0.1 Ns/m2) at 38oC which separates it form the
flat surface. If the plate and surface are horizontal, find out the required force. Assume that the velocity distribution between
the plate and the surface is linear.

Solution:

Considering the linear velocity distribution between plate and surface, the velocity gradient is

dV V 50
   2500 s 1
dy y 0.002

 dV 
The force required to tow the plate, F  A     A  (0.1  2500)(0.5)  250 N
 dy 

Q 10. Water at 30oC is able to climb up a clean glass tube of diameter 0.2mm due to surface tension. The contact angle of water
with glass is 0o. Determine how far water can climb up in the tube? The surface tension of water at 30oC is 0.0718 N/m.

Solution:

Assume that there are no impurities in water and no contamination in the surface of glass tube. The tube is open to atmospheric air.

4 s cos  4  0.0718  1.0

The height that the water climbs up, h    0.146m  14.7cm
gD 1000  9.81  0.0002

Instructor: Dr. Ram P Bharti (email: rpbharti@iitr.ernet.in) Page 2 of 2 URL: http://rpbharti.webs.com/