Form 4 : CHAPTER 4 – CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction

Objective : Studying the effect of temperature on the rate of salivary amylase reaction

Problem Statement:

What are the effects of different temperature on the rate of salivary amylase reaction?

Hypothesis:

As the temperature increase, the rate of amylase reaction increase until it reaches the
optimum temperature.

Variables :

manipulated : temperature of the medium

responding : the rate of reaction catalysed by salivary amylase
controlled : volume of saliva // volume of starch suspension // concentration of
starch suspension // pH

Apparatus :

Beakers, test tube, thermometer, syringe, droppers, glass rods, white tiles with grooves,
water bath, stop watch

Materials : 1% of starch suspension, saliva suspension, iodine solution, ice cubes and
distilled water.

Technique : Record the time taken for the hydrolysis of starch to be completed
using stop watch.
Procedure :

1. Mouth is rinsed with warm water and saliva is collected. Saliva with an equal
volume of distilled water is diluted.
2. 5 ml of 1% starch suspension is put into each of the test tubes labelled A1, B1,
C1, D1 and E1 respectively using a syringe.
3. 2 ml of saliva is added into each of another set of test tubes labelled A2, B2, C2,
D2 and E2 using a second syringe.
4. Test tubes A1 and A2, B1 and B2, C1 and C2, D1 and D2, E1 and E2 is
immersed respectively into 5 different water baths with temperatuters kept
constant at 00C, 280C, 370C, 450C and 600C.
5. The test tubes are left for five minutes
6. Meanwhile, a dry piece white tile with grooves is prepared and a drop of iodine
solution is placed into each groove.
7. After five minutes of immersion, the starch suspension in test tube A1 is poured
into the saliva in test tube A2. The mixture is stirred using a glass rod. The
stopwatch is started immediately.
8. A drop of mixture is removed from test tube A2 using a dropper and is placed in
into the iodine solution in the first groove on the tile. The first groove is
considered as zero minute.
9. The iodine test is repeated every minute for ten minute. The dropper in a beaker
of water is rinsed after each sampling. The time taken for the completion of the
hydrolysis of starch is recorded (that is when the mixture gives a negative iodine
test.
10. The test tube with the mixture in their respective water bath is kept throughout
the experiment. Steps 7 to 10 for test tubes B1, C1, D1 and E1 is repeated.
11. Thermometer is used to ensure that the temperatures remain contant throughout
the experiment.
12. The result is recorded and a graph showing the rate of reaction against is plotted.

13. The activities of amylase reaction is optimum at 37oC.

Results

Test Temper Time taken for the hydrolysis of starch to be completed Rate of
(minutes)
tube ature reaction
( 0C) (1/t)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A1 0
B1 28
C1 37
D1 45
E1 60
Conclusion :

As the the temperature increase, the rate of amylase reaction increase until it reaches
the optimum temperature.
The hpyothesis is accepted.

The rate of amylase activities agains temperature.

Note :

The results shows that as the temperature increase, the rate of amylase reaction
increase until it reaches the optimum temperature.
Enzyme does not active at the temperature 0 0C .Enzyme activities is the most active
between the range of optimum temperature(-37oC - 0oC).
After the optimum temperature, enzyme start to denature-changing the active site
structure. This is because when the temperature increase à enzyme will get more heat
à more chemical bonds in the enzyme break/modified à change the three dimension
structure of the active site. So, enzyme cannot combine with the substrate again.