1B At oor, Rev No.8, Ap 8p. PIS THE GEOGRAPHY OF TEA AND SUGAR PRODUCTION IN UGANDA SOME COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS A.M, CONNOR eager ger sant up of lt yoni ite naam am oe aha a ls tah ah co aa Sah i ie RRP tes cea Aa aa Le TABLE 1 f t94et96s “ereage | Producon (ons) | Valve E000) sacar ea | Sugar “en_| sugar” “Tea Wo | e400 seo] sss 160 | 1am 0 tosis | 21200 7800] soo 1800] 2030510 rwsti9s6 | 2x00 10400} S800 2970 2990 1250 t9s7939 | 33400 eo} 88200 3.900) 3990 Lan rwe0962 | 40400 = 18900] 97000 $270) 4200 2020 1968 ‘m0 22700, 2m om) SAS 2290, Source of oes Ugonia Deparment of Apicuure Anmial Repors Both crop peovde usual elements io he Landscape and in the eriltra eum te Stu, Tray ve ery ruc ot gue dee rom shot crops. While cole, colon aod all staple food crops are culated feel eg engl by peatat farmer, ea and sugar re gone Malay on pla ‘pee tat gato cop of iy impor an Ueno wes aber be roction dvtined shar whetstone competion developed fom Malay and ESSoversecoveed. at followed by coer, and tis sl grown ens auaber ‘of sma etn but smallholdings of one Tote ares ow account for fat restr share ofthe country cole protction. The owners af cole eas, who Sree airedy suffering frm ring Mou cosa at tbe cate ef arabica cle, om spend of leat rst dase, were severely it by tbe depron of the 1930 dnd unat Cs ume that sugar and tea boas the Teaiag plantation eros of pana They were grown a fis Targey (supply the Toc hark, and for ths ‘reason they were Ie strongly ltcted by the depresion than rubber and coe, CSRS west growl ama eel for export m [EAST AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW rnd au non in Ueda ney ma quis oy ese fun, but commeroal production dates fom. 1931, when planting fopan Higa, between Kampal and dij Tet at fs! treed from Tala Tots, tt the es secs pnntaton was not established anti 1924. Since tt line the seeage ander cach ‘rap hansen sos cvery year and both Ste now spore in subsantl quumit, although the sugar sold malay to. Ken, Jin she Eas Atfacan common ike Exports ofeach cop weee Worth about ‘sion ti, “To the economist the two crops would appear to have much in common, nowt} the lage tale of production andthe dominat vole of os-Alrcay Enterprise in teh lustes” To. the geographer the simarioe might em father Is" tuiting, andthe difernces ‘abt command more atom, “For Stout the bse of producuan very shia, The same ie notte ofthe dit bition” of the to crops tin the county” In th tospect the ony fete hich they have So common ia contention ng vey keds of intents ost, canta oe mach tore oy Spend pate a cle an Altiogh szenon will be coveted i, this paper primaily ypon the sitbaton ot the two cope within Upanda, is beceany (0 conser is the factor whi aft thir importance Sa Uinnds Compare wih tet ia eee soup Aldous Unde wee fr mich ean et ce he rd Production of both suger and ia, one ofthe moe Importing African prdueees ‘St both comedic a ir shown In Table 2 "= i Supar cane 4 a erop well-suited to the environmental conditions in. any pars of Ups, "ts bona sir tothe iphan fas whch has Sominated ‘he ezsation of southern" Cand sce ths orginal foret wne targey lar, Ds i thes ip mont ofthe Lake, Viera 7one For good yh peratures ‘oud rely cal much below 70°F. apd thee should be anal of move thn 40" spend ovr atleast nige mons inthe year aes gun Teo be empyed ‘Theat condins are sated ver an exteneive pat of Uganda Toe even temper sure a fafa Tégine of the county ia gest advantage, for bo planing tnd haveing may tale pace throughout the Set, Sod the factories are hep "hos conus operation Ia toa sogat producing cote aso ae More ‘ironly marked and factors mat clo dow for Pat the por, eB ube en be ieee seamen eee mere Suc nd tee onda are fund scalar‘ he soon TAS ie eee ip eo Bapee etiePet te ey ee net ‘ele higher than those obitine i Ceylon could Be expected S a Cernin ote thins are more favourable for ten than fr sugar production, rd elo to explain why the former is cxpding tors Taplly af pect Te ‘oretenis fr export en evens se Besta ioday abe A per ot ‘oF the production i expred ose East Atte, ciety 10 Botan, TE wend"TEA AND SUGAR IN LOANDA TABLE 2 Sugar aod'Teaprodacion in African Counts, 1963. Figures in bowand metric (ons Sina Tes soa | Woad 3020 | Attn South Aca 1083 | Kenya Maurie 533) Malawi VAR : 39 | Mozambique ‘Morambigne 184 | Uganda Reunion 3st | Taoranie pins 138 | Gime Madagascar 37) Maucies Riodssia 7 Roda Swazi 6 "Sources of data: F.A.0. Gammines, Anat Bulle of Sates. ‘markt fort isa preent good, abd prices have Been yey stable for some years ‘mathe hat for suf has bess entre) varable,Eveh when pies are bigh DRS LEE [fact dttrantgs in cmparoon wi producer sth as Maley cet st Sree of ie ila oonon: The com of anspor from Unda Bee Met much moe signet ihe case of led pat, wich worth ee Sots pet pound, tan ia the ave of manlacared tea, whi & wor ‘ont eight tes o much. “However, dhe intemal markt for sugar mach greater thin that for te; a toc Hine years Rony has povided marker forthe suplas cre les require ‘en's asm fw deveined th to Unf 3 ert ae df the peodoction tas sn 10 Kea, Bo the proportion may BEL OTe Me fuye at tn souaey expands is own peducton, Toth ities eouite& large anoint of ans labour, but this doc ot now proc ng problem to ete, ay both aa sugar prodacers have 19 tr Ben Pere af hopie secking employment Sry month, "Allboudh vse 20.080 ar es oped ayant prousingy and about 1800 ih the ten ia, the Saat seehctata a cach nse be doubled without diel if tes factors newts doubling of he acreage under eas crop. Boh activites abo requte as i amu of epi, th han m0 avays bee so eal aaa ‘A toderate amount of capa ban been foro. homer, fom Boh private AP essi tate two mje mpsr alates have been decioped by" Asian Fee ich ot whom std int sil ay ad bas been abe to Build op “int concn by ploughing back lage sie of the proms each year The fags ser cute fopesentiavestmesty private Brith companics, but most ‘UES cveoyneat if tn fed bar been uderaken by. Agricuural Enterprise HG Sthsling’ of the Uganda Detelopment Corporation, ssing goverment fens. EAST AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW Figure 1. Tea and sugar eulvtion in Upanda, 1963, Fei iy mt tt age meas me yw Sata cuirine armas Rreeonel, eee Feyeramear apsion. and this i the form, of aarieltural activi te fermni each te estat poe ‘ne ab he of ge teks fed iy alee or gem can Tl at at eee oes se bas probebiy been tinited more bya {TEA AND SUGAE IN UGANDA ign Hat soo hee 0 en mtn etc Sie soci iaers P Sk iea aate Se fear aha tesa ach an Se Slr eee esha acs sfc te nar . so nun ep tin it Cn tt GIES o conection or penal and sel the leton of producing res sommes ep Sie tata te ‘mbot onthe ip teresa ivan uno of rodacton, bu eS Se ‘tence betwen the tro ini pet, AC ese the wh of th prod fe eS oe yet Ma, bot wl some a Se np ten ten catenin cater me pec a me ot fhe symbols for tex seprescnt a ‘of estates rather than a single unit, but ‘cts seven panaaom cecum for bal the tah cpp. The deelpont ‘Froceton by “ouch baaung & chge p bot pers, EB Ye inept ey ti a re aS get he ty te tore sug er cS a es its wfigh aeatescs peat rms teu exepoaly Good Spal ia tangs te oh ne fa se a ike’ han doyree of iptegration must be achieved between the clivation ar Soe Sees eee Sharda a Ss thece should always be ‘cane at each stage of growth in order tc Seon ens ei ten tal. Tey bulky than Ar cane, but even so green leaf weighs almost five times as se ak ee aca a iho ih aR et te cae ollie be ate ae Pa Siar ited erie amine enact Seyler gr la fe fe Sei ts at ote Si, Ee, 6 AP REO i Sea cl a SEAT on a'planation cles ip every exe Teanga = nw ty oc utes Grune Ise ae st SE EES ca ee Sal Soe Srecsa aie fore are SS mee Guin het Simca intact ba La Sar My Ss 2 EAST AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW larger scl, and factories each prowessng eae from 20/00 acres can proce ‘sugar at mich ler Cost tha twony fotos each wih aco to 000 gore he pet te en sn ints of Vente wih of pest ‘une to te eeograpie a perhapethe lation ot ection whine eg AAthovn in ewe {thes cobs Clee sonication an ihe wo exes which Shere the whole ofthe milled supa proacion Ne wets IWiay les of tach other just torch of Lake Von Uere a ees ey ‘paras major css of ta eats, opti with fe sued eas of sae Importnes. I general jt ay be said teat ihe te dury hiss noe Wek ‘sll a8 move dpsed, lesion vithin Uganda tan Une sega ease a "ariosfacor which contibut to thie stun tay be taal Tite ba ot alan hey uh cer corr i dsuon betwen the two crops. Wien they were List esisblsbod thst iovatin pcan mee sir rhe et hl wre cdo Mons ie et [oducion sread to Toye inthe 1980s, and has Been etegded fo Anke Kige, fn Bunyoro within the Is tive ear, Mati he lesion ofan pee fis shown no computable change. An examination ot tie eas to hice ae alton ofeach eop appear to be relted may throw smi atta he eee for ts comtast eens the Iwo cops he disebation of both ten apd sugar clivation Is read o some exteat to timate conditions, which Init the are itu whieh curation ie eed [ropoion. Nether cop cold be grown inthe norte. fo ecomgls fee Faull teh to low there are ho oppor fo" ington sad ees would do well anywhere hia the wide helt ody couney Which auc ee Granda trom Keranojs through Teso and nortets Mengo to southern Asters Both crop ate at pst conned to areas with annual hantah oh nc kS ‘nehes, Wel ditbued through the yr, The cones eines tne dear toes ofthe hwo crops inno way tlted fo infal;indee hough sugar po, 5 the moc Ioealsed, the afea Wiha which ft soul be kok Stee eee ‘an be row under ‘irgation more ely tha tea, Suge toed Sea i this way in northern Uganda, despite the low rua and arhed 85 ee, surgseneed see altheut the cos of produton wuld eabaiy be pes tice fone exiting ute “The eifernee can be reat in prt to temperature eons, for ea peters 4 gookt lial tna that’ most sailed to supe The sogst casi ie epee 3800 and 400 fet above se lvl, where thE tenn annual wanes eke 70°F, ut the leading area of i producon, o Toxo Districts 38d fe, hare the figure sab # lower In addin, the leguency oat et ey Sindh a ie cca lowe craps he et ‘pl are tent for tens wite sugar production tase by he Nee oun’ of surstine in Buganda and Busoet Ihe tex powa in Roesels oe lower yk than tht grown in the west for both rufa so eae ae ions these are rather margi, and cute expansions heavy eeneeaele the area more pyscaly sue 0 th erp, {Sols aiet the distibution oft ono cops, which difer considerably in thet sequirety in tis tespet. ‘The depth aa fenty ‘of the sol are elena the sels of bo erupe, but these considerations fete tora oy seaet han foc te, and te sotable tat the Ings sugar eaten rary eee oe Se ‘erie In inthe county.0” Forte eultvaton is pty amo e2 set wna ot cnn te tr in spate mt ete i baka segs er Sey ack tena ae hat donot site foot the aceityof the ss In some pats of weer Usa che te Rar silbtyof land for pansion agriuture bas affected te dbtion of bk cop yi ny ut tey wore beng sable te alsin of aed sith cok" ctu by the goverment und the eset locaton of he Opa SENS Mad hele cy ire Bugera gered ne by fh SreStunes hich os for obscinng as Most were elses oo a REE Hae se rtp ai fe ie al te Ma ‘pce Of india tcnoe wes ameueed, bt before senaton wat rested wasn oie, Ths els to clan the parm of sal seated eaten vs aghast was a cpporny fo the Kaka Bie to exchange the blocs of eehold land which i aequied, and ith ay Sine compact patton on Bo op "Tocay land for exte arise te bth sare and expensive in. Bugands, and fsa been one face eacuraping the expansion ta ciation 1a be Wrest ates tha ie acca of prducton ‘bes cant or west of, Rampal Potical nies jy la psy pare, fr tee has een. les loa objeto {ehcaluption of on foci purpose wen thane Boga Th sar TEARS Ged ben srcty feasted their ans for expansion by th diel SF ejurng more a, ut (nthis cee hod not ied 0 te expansion of cick chesheren The problem has been so retin Busoga a in Busan 9 plan fer sar ming on lan noccupid on acount of sepa SARE eb the gn Tos gnverment even hough wa ive 10 pais ‘Gleeson hve ben pry sted Byte exerion of elon anf sere tind ha heen taped t ipa ety and byte iereake of els on He ing acreage Gough mpronod pam beeing, greater use of ferser ‘zations irrigation can be employed. A peoject investigated about ven years ago envi ‘the existing estates at considerable cost and in che face of strong opposition. Nor DOTS Ceara eee em heh ae sol Se BES ya Se Sica Ea [EAST APRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW evonet and most ats of ester, rand fered from iacseibiy, The ‘Sablon often in'Toro flowed Gucly pow he ung of eons $d between Kampala an Fort Portal teh Not teas fe iBinkatjon hye bern proved ten groin to lager matkcerette, {leew of sicelyBipa ateto fear te Gt of tant scons the cunay ‘witout ditty. "Sogn conus tobe grove where the dead fr is peneg fury eae epg cach ar rae an” Wher te eto Tenino rom Foe Ponal fo Kamla resets oly fpr eno ts ele tc would accu for 10% of he wl ef pe Hhaeaane of ans Ft con as ones forth cope sn Ser ut teil Eve some Ines oo the dibton of sear Browns, “The extension of tea growing to Toro District was undertaken by private enters, in Tespose to the improved accesnliy of an ‘aga ah paren ‘uta si Cons, he rn futher ped Ano, Rigs and yoo fas been ia the bunds of a subsiiny of the Uganda Beveopment Corporation, and iin part est of he Inet which the Government Shona the Spur freon years ha ssust ant a elle area ot ‘soromie development ‘vere Couney, andthe exalinent of teu Sats {hese Diaries ten wel that poliy. "The developmen of prodtion by ‘outgrown hs povided an waded centre 10 cxabih new eae ite Wess since fat fewer fates tere than fa Buganda grow s etc at poets Tas pest of goyeeament poly not ae 9eh eced the dire of seane [unig forthe expen fap iv bisa I Yo pate emer ‘There i ile dou tht the, produetion of both tea and sugar wil expand in pero ttre, and tht the dein of peodicon wi Chg® a a Gs ee os cin ar te hy chi ee reat pat othe tea forthe Rig try, for example. he aleeicg of i ay ne ca nr Ul fr ical Ye gron oet Wat Nie at th sens wey i the mate fares Aaolher posiliy tha Oe {ure wi wos 4 change inthe dtbution of seen prodcton comparable fo "at which ha already taken place inthe cas of es fo the Uranda, Goverment 5: now lnvesipnng the posbiy of developing ne sop ts ar from the ‘xiting ones The last Tacoraoted favouring the depend of tea rowing {tc pps ao oar Inthe ete spe yun 1 ‘helnoth thr tha the west an aather Clnda would cen Rent fom ‘he estat! of anew cash ero ther iy tei 4 important, however, that te oer facors undying the preset di ‘bacon of tach cap show be coieed a tlsog ip hs eons he es Satin Mengo Dott ae to some sMent& epy om’ past cot, for the spread hs heen to areas whse teu grows heer and wher civ hes become a prctalpropoiton The extng tga estes cold aoe bane located. wan Ursa ay fara the phi eavionmeat concened, "The saris coment te wlth nd Eanes oe me ih sot for Sug than for tea “Am expansion of rOdueton on am citing ae ‘ater than the saben of new of roduc scons ts ans ‘ranges fh fhe ease of spr thf te 1 is ot suggested tht sugar production cannot become more dspered jn te same tay a8 Te.” But the present concentaton of proucton is nat etl)3s fortuitous, ond stenton will ave to be paid to the condidons which have FEvoured i W's. dsr eto be necomplated soccsly. Teed 3 full sady tthe lator seshag the presen sharon of sac crop, some of which have {eve foes outed: eseata forthe planning of he pla tet the expansion i cach shoal flow. Refeces end Neer 1 Smt ton 16 mae pe it ier tha ae ee 2 ssn om a ed ate Wi, 8 Ds hamnatima e ‘rhe manuacre of cule sup Kaowa RE “ 4 Bee gables fetes andl ndin "GOR, bo. eS Coe, Beall 7 1 fal te 9.75 gurney Sn rs 3 Moot aT tour an We user at eo one a, Ls De Ero" TRAMP EUS uN Na arly rs Paha Sees Se 1. fe ey pn Pn Pro ee ve eegea en ea el sau a ‘Shek ove ducuoed in Piao", 198 The Production ond Dobson of Sara