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Communication between the ground and flight deck is essential for many operations such as
push-back, fuelling and a variety of maintenance and servicing operations.
Headset man must exercise extreme caution and be constantly aware of his position relative to the
aircraft, its movement and position himself accordingly. Headset man must also ensure that the
interphone cord remains clear of moving aircraft and ground equipment.
AIRCRAFT PUSHBACK
Prior to departure the headset man will make a final walk around to ensure that all doors and servicing
panels are closed and secured. Also that no visible damage is apparent after the completion of loading
process
CAUTION: Chocks must be removed prior to push back when all equipment are clear off the
aircraft. Communication with the pushback operator will be with standard hand signals.
Warning: Tow bar must be disconnected from tractor before disconnecting from aircraft.
• Once all the equipment is clear from the aircraft remove steering bypass pin
• Tech: Ground cockpit- Steering bypass pin removed, all ground equipment is clear look for
hand signal from (RH /LH) side
• Crew: Clear to disconnect and standing by for hand signal.
Disconnect headset close and secure panel. The technician will walk to the indicated side and give a
thumb up signal by holding steering bypass that can be clearly seen by the crew until taxi out has been
established safely.
Note:
• Captain – Flash landing Lights continuously if Headset Man is required to return to the aircraft
• Headset Man – If the Headset Man requires returning to the aircraft to communicate to the
cockpit, wave the headset /marshalling torch in the air to attract the attention of the flight crew.
This signals intention to return to the aircraft. When the flight deck crew have acknowledged
Headset Mechanic’s signal by flashing landing lights continuously, the Headset Mechanic will
approach the aircraft with caution and carryout the appropriate communication
• As the tug pushes back the aircraft, the mechanic will monitor and advise the pilot of any
abnormalities and maintain communication with the pushback operator either verbal or visual to
maintain control of any abnormal situation.
• Instructs the pushback operator to halt the push back and bring the aircraft to a halt slowly.
Inform the flight crew.
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - set Park Brakes. Tow Bar shear pin failure.
• CREW: Ground cockpit- Roger, park brakes are set.
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Standby for replacement tow bar
• Crew: Standing by
• Once the tow bar has been replaced continue with the pushback as per standard pushback
procedure
ENGINE START
• Before, during or after push back the flight crew advises the mechanic of when and where they
will start the engines. Standard phrases will be used during engine start
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Clear to start engines
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Clear to start (as specified) or stand by if area is not clear.
• When the clearance is given to start engines by the mechanic, he will monitor engine rotation and
any abnormalities.
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Starting (as specified) engine..
• Crew: Ground cockpit- Ground, we have good starts; you are clear to disconnect and signals
from the LH or RH side.
• All abnormalities require instant response and clear reports to the flight deck crew as to the
nature of the abnormality.
Tailpipe fire
• This type of fire will normally extinguish as the engine rotation increases up to stabilized rpm.
The normal cause is residual fuel in the engine. The crew should only be advised and updated as
to the status, but no request should be made to shut the engine down. Communication will be as
follows:-
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - you have a tailpipe fire
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Roger keep me informed.
• Once the fire has gone out
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Tailpipe fire has extinguished.
• If the engine reaches idle and the fire has not gone out, the crew will increase the throttle to try
and blow out the fire.
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Confirm status
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Fire is out, standby for inspection by the engineer
• If starter is still engaged then the Flight deck Crew operate fuel start-cut off lever to close and
allow engine to dry cycle , repeat until tailpipe fire extinguished.
• CREW: Ground cockpit-
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Go ahead
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Advise status of tailpipe fire
• After tailpipe fire extinguished the ground engineer will assess the area (from safe distance)
for any signs of scorching or burning of the strut or wing area and confirm status to flight
crew.
Under cowl fire
• Is potentially more hazardous than the tailpipe fire, the mechanic and crew should proceed as
follows:
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Clear to start engine (as specified)
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Engine (as specified) clear
• CREW: Ground cockpit- Starting engine (as specified)
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - Engine (as specified) on fire, shut down engine, (as specified) I
repeat engine (as specified) on fire, shut down number engine as specified
• The flight crew will immediately call the tower for fire services. The ground crew will monitor
the engine. If the fire extinguishes advice the flight crew as follows.
• If the ground crew spot a potential foreign object, Waste bin liner or personnel in the vicinity
of the engine then immediately inform the flight crew as follows.
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - shut down engine (as specified); I repeat shut down engine (as
specified), possible ingestion in engine (as specified)
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Engine (as specified) possible ingestion, standby
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Standby
• At this point the Ground Engineer will assess the situation and clear the area of foreign
objects or action accordingly if the engine has ingested a foreign object.
• Assuming the APU is unserviceable, ground power (electric) and the Air Start Unit already
connected
• TECH.:.: Cockpit Ground -
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Go ahead
• TECH.:.: Cockpit Ground - The air start unit & GPU are connected, standing by for engine
start
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Ready to start engines, please provide pneumatic pressure
• The mechanics will advice the equipment handler accordingly.
• TECH.:.: Cockpit Ground -, pneumatics is now supplied
• CREW: Ground cockpit-Pressure confirmed, starting engine (as specified)
• TECH..: Cockpit Ground - Clear to start engine (as specified)
• Upon completion of engine start, the crew will advice to disconnect all ground equipment.
Keep the cockpit standby and hand signal the equipment operator to disconnect and remove
all GSE. Once equipment are clear
• TECH.: Cockpit Ground - All Ground Equipment clear and stand by for push back
• The push back procedure to be followed.
PHRASEOLOGY
• According to International regulations and rules (ICAO), radio communication must be done
in a certain fashion using phraseology with correct terminology in order to avoid
misunderstanding and misinterpretations when used in multilingual environments.
• Following paragraph will handle necessary phraseology used at an airport.
Phrase Meaning
0 1 2 3 4 5
Ze-Ro Wan Too Tree Fow-Er Fife
6 7 8 9
Six Sev-En Ait Nin-Er
A Alpha Al-Fah
B Bravo Bra-Vo
C Charlie Char-Lee
D Delta Dell-Tah
E Echo Ech-Oh
F Foxtrot Foks-Trot
G Golf Golf
H Hotel Hoh-Tell
I India In-Di-Ah
J Juliet Jew-Lee-Ett
K Kilo Key-Loh
L Lima Lee-Mah
M Mike Maik
N November No-Vem-Ber
O Oscar Oss-Car
P Papa Pah-Pah
Q Quebec Keh-Beck
R Romeo Row-Meh-Oh
S Sierra See-Airrah
T Tango Tang-Goh
U Uniform You-Nee-Form
V Victor Vik-Tah
W Whiskey Wiss-Key
X Xray Ecks-Ray
Y YankeeYang-Key
Z Zulu Zoo-Looh