Logarithms

JEE (MAIN & ADV.
), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

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LOGARITHMS ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. If log 3 y = x and log 2 z = x, then 72 x is equal to :
(a) yz 3 (b) y 2 z 3 (c) y 3 z 2 (d) y 3 z 3
log10 a log10 b log10 c
2. If , then bc =
2 3 5
= =
(a) a (b) a 2 (c) a 3 (d) a 4

3. If log 4 5 = x and log 5 6 = y, then log 2 3 is equal to :
(a) 2 xy + 1 (b) 2 xy − 1 (c) 2 x + 1 (d) 2 y + 1
4. For y = log a x to be defined, a must be :
(a) any positive real number (b) any number
(c) ≥ e (d) any positive real number ≠ 1
 16   25   81 
5. 7 log   + 5log   + 3log   is equal to ;
 15   24   80 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) log 2 (d) log 3
. 1
.x
x.
xn−n1−2
6. If 1 < x1 < x2 < ..... < xn −1 < xn , then value of log x1 log x2 log x3 ......log xn xn is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) none of these
7. If log 2 = 0.3010, then position of the first significant digit in the value of ( 0.5 ) is in :
10
(a) 3rd place (b) 4th place (c) 5th place (d) none of these
8. Which of the following is not true?
4 2 9 5
(a) log 27 81 = (b) log 2   + log 4   = 0 (c) log16 32 = (d) log 3 3 27 = 1
3 3 4 4
9. Least integral value of x for which 7 x > 1015 (given log10 343 = 2.5353 ) is :
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
1
10. Value of x satisfying the inequation x log10 x

.log10 x < 1 is :
(a) 0 < x < 10 (b) 0 < x < 1010 (c) 0 < x < 101/10 (d) none of these
11. The least value of n in order that the sum of first n terms of the infinite series
3 3 3
2 3
1 + +   +   + ..... should differ from the sum of the series by less than 10−6 is : (Given, that
4 4 4
6 + 2 log 2
= 52.84238 , Here base is 10)
2 log 2 − log 3
(a) 14 (b) 27 (c) 53 (d) 57
12. Solution of the inequality log 5 ( x 2 − 11x + 43) < 2 is :
(a) ( 0, 2 ) (b) ( 2, 9 ) (c) ( 0, 9 ) (d) none of these
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( )
13. The solution set of log 2 (3 − x) + log 2 (1 − x) = 3 is :
(a) {−1,5} (b) {−1} (c) {5} (d) φ
14. If x satisfies the inequality log 25 x 2 + (log 5 x)2 < 2, then x∈
 1 
(a)  , 5  (b) (1, 2) (c) (4, 5) (d) (0, 1)
 25 
15. log 4 log 2 log 2 ( log 2 ( log 3 81) )  is equal to :
( )
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) –1 (d) 2
16. If a, b, c are distinct positive numbers, each different from 1 such that
[ logb a.logc a − log a a ] + [ log a b logc b − logb b] + [ log a c logb c − log c c ] = 0 then abc = 1 .
(a) True (b) False
17. If log a 3 = 2 and log b 8 = 3, then log a b is :
(a) log 3 2 (b) log 2 3 (c) log 3 4 (d) log 4 3
18. If log 7 2 = m, then log 49 28 is equal to :
1 2
(a) 2 (1 + 2m ) (b) (1 + 2m ) (c) (d) 1 + m
2 1 + 2m
19. If a x = b, b y = c, c z = a, then xyz is equal to :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1
20. If x , then x is equal to :
2
log 3 x 2 + ( log 3 x ) −10
=
x2
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81
21. log 20 3 lies in :
1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  (c)  ,  (d)  , 
 4 3 3 2 2 4 4 5
22. If log8 x + log8 ( x − 4 ) + log8 ( x − 6 ) = 2, then x is equal to :
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 10
23. log 3 ( x 3 − x 2 − x + 1) − log 3 ( x − 1) − log 3 ( x + 1) = 2, then x is equal to :
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 10 (d) none of these
24. Solution of the equation x log ( 2 x )
= 5, are given by : (Supposing log is with base 10)
1 1/ 2
(a) − log 2 ± ( log 2 ) + 4 log 5 (b) 1, 5
2
2
 { } 

1
(c) ,5 (d) none of these
10
25. log10 tan 40°.log10 tan 41°.....log10 tan 50° =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) none of these
26. If log x +1 ( x 2 + x − 6 ) = 4 then the value of x =
2

27. If x = log 3 5, y = log17 25, which one of the following is correct?
(a) x < y (b) x = y (c) x > y (d) none of these
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28. If log K A.log 5 K = 3, then A is equal to :
(a) 5K 3 (b) K 3 (c) 125 (d) 243
29. The value of log 0.52 4 is :
1/ 2
( )
(a) –2 (b) ( −4 ) (c) 2 (d) none of these
30. If 2 log ( x + 1) − log ( x 2 − 1) = log 2, then x =

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 3
log x log y log z
31. If = = , then x q + r . y r + p .z p + q − x p . y q .z r =
q−r r− p p−q
(a) +ve (b) –ve (c) zero (d) none of these
32. If log10 5 = 0.70, then the value of log 5 10 correct to two decimal places is :
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.70 (c) 1.40 (d) 1.43
33. If log10 2 = 0.30103, log10 3 = 0.47712, then the number of digits in 3 × 28 is : 12
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9

log x log y log z
34. If , then x 2 =
2 3 5
= =
(a) xy (b) yz (c) 3x (d) none of these

35. If 3 + log10 x = 2 log10 y, then x in terms of y is :
y2 y2 2y y3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
100 1000 81 9
36. If log16 x + log 4 x + log 2 x = 14, then x =
37. Solution of log 0.25 ( x 2 + 2 x − 8 ) − log 0.5 (10 + 3 x − x 2 ) = 1 is :
2
1 1 3
(a) ( 313 − 1 ) (b) ( 313 − 2 ) (c) ( 313 ) (d) none of these
6 2 2
log2 15
38. The value of 2 2
is
(a) 15 (b) 15 (c) 3
225 (d) 225
39. The value of log a a + log a a 2 is
1 3 5 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
11
40. The value of x in the equation log 2 x + log 4 x + log 8 x = ?
6
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
10
41. If log 2 x + log x 2 = = log 2 y + log y 2, (where x ≠ y ) then the value of x + y is
3
(a) −2 + 121/3 (b) −8 + 21/3 (c) 8 − 21/3 (d) 8 + 21/ 3
1 1
42. If log 2 + log a + log b = log ( a + b ) , then
2 2
(a) a = b (b) a = −b (c) a = 2, b = 0 (d) a = 10, b = 1
43. Given log 7 12 = a and log12 24 = b, then the value of log 54 168 is
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ab + 1 ab + 1 ab + 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ab
a 8 − 5b a ( 8 − 5b ) a ( 8 + 5b )
1 1 1 1
44. If n = 1983! then the value of the expression + ..... + is equal to :
log 2 n log 3 n log 4 n log1983 ( n )
+ +
(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

45. If log12 27 = a, log 6 16 =
3− a 3−a 3− a
(a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) none of these
3+ a 3+ a 3+ a
46 The least integral value of n such that 7 n > 105 , given that log10 343 = 2.5353 is : (given that
15
≈ 5.92 )
2.5353
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
47. The number of solutions of 1 + 2 log ( x + 2 ) 5 = log 5 ( x + 2 ) is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) more than 2
48. log 5
( 0.008) + log 2( 3
5
1600 is :
)
(a) –6 (b) 0 (c) 6 (d) 12
logb ( logb N )
49. The value of a logb a

is :
(a) log a N (b) log b N (c) log N a (d) log N b
50. The value of 49 A + 5 B , where A = 1 − log 7 2 and B = − log 5 4 is :
(a) 12.5 (b) 25 (c) 24.5 (d) 49
51. If log r ( log p x ) = 1 and log p ( log q ( log r x ) ) = 0 then p equals :
(a) 1 (b) rq (c) r q / r (d) r r / q

52. If a ( b − c ) x 2 + b ( c − a ) xy + c ( a − b ) y 2 is a perfect square, then the value of
log ( a + c ) + log ( a − 2b + c )
is :
log ( a − c )
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
53. The value of ( log 4 )
2
0.5 is
(a) −2 (b) ( −4 ) (c) 2 (d) None of these

54. If a = log 24 12, b = log 36 24, c = log 48 36 , then 1 + abc is equal to
(a) 2ac (b) 2bc (c) 2ab (d) None of these 0
55. If x = y, b = z , z = x then, abc =
a b c
(a) xyz (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

56. The value of ( 0.05 ) is
log 20 (
0.1+ 0.01+ 0.001+ _ )
1 1
(a) 81 (b) (c) 20 (d)
81 20
57. The value of 81( + 27log9 36 + 34 / log7 9 is equal to
1/ log5 3)
(a) 49 (b) 625 (c) 216 (d) 890
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1 1 1
58.
log xy xyz log yz xyz log xz xyz
+ + =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) log x xyz

log a log b log c
59. If = = then a a ⋅ bb ⋅ c c =
b−c c −a a −b
(a) 1 (b) abc (c) xyz (d) None of these
log x log y log z
60. If = = , then x a ⋅ y b ⋅ z c =
b−c c −a a−b
(a) a (b) abc (c) yxz (d) None of these
61. If a, b, c are distinct positive numbers each different from 1 such that
[ logb a log c a − log a a ] + [log a b logc b − logb b] + [ log a c logb c − log c c ] = 0 then abc =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) None
62. If a + 4b = 12ab , then log ( a + 2b ) is
2 2
1
(a) [ log a + log b − log 2] (b) log + log + log 2
a b
2 2 2
1 1
(c) [ log a + log b + 4 log 2] (d) [ log a − log b + 4 log 2]
2 2
63. If log10 2 = 0 ⋅ 30103 , then log10 50 =
(a) 2 ⋅ 30103 (b) 2 ⋅ 69897 (c) 1 ⋅ 69897 (d) 0 ⋅ 69897
64. If log a ( ab ) = x, then log b ( ab ) is equal to
1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)
x x
x x −1 1− x
65. If log1/ 2
( x − 1) > 2 then x lies in the interval
3 3  3
(a)  , ∞  (b)  −∞,  (c) 1,  (d) none of these
 
2   2  2
66. The solution set of the equation x = 9 is
log x (1− x )
2
(a) {−2, 4} (b) {4} (c) {0, − 2, 4} (d) none of these
67. If 7
log 7 x 2 − 4 x + 5
( ) = x − 1 , then x may have values
( )
(a) ( 2, 3) (b) 7 (c) ( −2, − 3) (d) ( 2, − 3) .
68. Sum of the roots of the equation 9 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1 is equal to

log3 ( log 2 x ) 2
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

69. The equation 5 1+ log5 cos x
= 2.5 has
(a) no solution (b) one solution
(c) two solutions (d) infinite number of solutions
70. If x = 1/ x 2 , then x =
2
log 3 x 2 + ( log3 x ) −10
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

71. If log 3 2, log 3 ( 2 x − 5 ) and log 3 ( 2 x − 7 / 2 ) are in arithmetic progression, then x =
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) none
72. The number of solutions of the equation log x −3 ( x3 − 3 x 2 − 4 x + 8 ) = 3 is equal to
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
1 1 1
73. If a, b, c are positive real numbers then
log a bc + 1 log b ca + 1 log c ab + 1
+ + =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) −1

1 1
74. If 5 x = ( 0.5 ) = 1000, then − =
y
x y
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
1 1
75. If 4 + 2 2 x −1
=3 2
+3 2
, then x =
x+ x−
x
1 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
2 2 2
log x log y log z
76. If , then xyz =
2a + 3b − 5c 2b + 3c − 5a 2c + 3a − 5b
= =
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) −1

log y log z
77. If log x = , then x 4 y 3 z −2 =
2 5
=
(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 1 (d) 0

log 2 a log 3 b log 4 c
78. If and a1/ 2b1/ 3c1/ 4 = 24, then
2 3 4
= =
(a) a = 24 (b) b = 81 (c) c = 64 (d) c = 256

79. If a, b, c are three consecutive positive integers, then log (1 + ca ) =
(a) log b (b) log   (c) log ( 2b ) (d) 2 log b

b
2
log a x
80. If = 4 + k + log a b, then k =
log ab x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −2 (d) −3
81. If x = log a bc, y = log b ca, z = log c ab, then
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) = 1 (b) = 1 (c) xyz = x + y + z + 1 (d) xyz = 1
x +1 y +1 z +1 x −1 y −1 z −1
+ + + +
1 1 1 1 1 n ( n + 1)
82. If + ... + , then λ equals
log 2 a log 4 a log8 a log16 a log 2n a
+ + + =
λ
(a) log 2 a (b) log 2 4 (c) log 2 a 2 (d) none of these
83. The value of x is
log x a×log a y×log y z
(a) x (b) y (c) z (d) a

84. If log a : log b : log c = ( b − c ) : ( c − a ) : ( a − b ) , then
(a) a b b c c a = 1 (b) a a bb c c = 1 (c) a

a b b c c =1 (d) none of these
85. The solution set of log 2 4 − 5 x > 2, is
(a) ( 8 / 5, ∞ ) (b) ( 4 / 5, 8 / 5 ) (c) ( −∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 8 / 5, ∞ ) (d) none of these
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86. The solution of 5log a x
+ 5 x log a 5 = 3 ( a > 0 ) , is
(a) 2loga 5 (b) 2− log a 5 (c) 2− log5 a (d) 2log5 a
87. The number of solution of log sin x ( 2 tan x ) > 0 in the interval ( 0, π / 2 ) is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
88. The set of real values of x for which 2 > x + 5, is
log 2 ( x −1)
(a) ( −∞, − 1) ∪ ( 4, ∞ ) (b) ( 4, ∞ ) (c) ( −1, 4 ) (d) none of these

89. The number of solutions of the equation 3log 3 − x = log 3 x 2 , is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
90. The number of values of x satisfying 1 + log 5 ( x + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x + 4 x + 1) , is 2 2
(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) infinitely many (c) 3

1 1 1
91. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then is equal to
log bc abc log ca abc log ab abc
+ +
(a) 0 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 1 (d) 2

92. The solution set of the equation log1/ 3 ( 2 x + 2 − 4 x ) ≥ −2, is
(a) −∞, 2 − 13
( ) (b) −∞, 2 + 13
( ) (c) ( −∞, 2 ) (d) none of these
93. The value of e is

log e x + log e
x + log 3 x +...+ log10 x
e e
(a) x 10
(b) e (c) x55 (d) none of these
94. If x = 198!, then the value of the expression
1 1 1 1
+ ... + , is
log 2 x log 3 x log 4 x log198 x
+ +
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 198

95. The set of real values of x satisfying log1/ 2 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) ≥ −2, is
(a) ( −∞, 2] (b) [ 2, 4] (c) [ 4, ∞ ) (d) none of these

96. If log 0.04 ( x − 1) ≥ log 0.2 ( x − 1) , then x belongs to the interval
(a) (1, 2] (b) ( −∞, 2] (c) [ 2, ∞ ) (d) none of these
97. If log a x × log 5 a = log x 5, a ≠ 1, a > 0, then x =
1
(a) a (b) 5, (c) 1 (d) none of these
5
98. If log 0.5 sin x = 1 − log 0.5 cos x, then the number of solutions in the interval [ −π , π ] is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
99. If 9 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1, then x =
log3 ( log 2 x ) 2
(a) 1 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

100. The number of solution of the equation x = 4 is
log x
2x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many

101. The number of zeros coming immediately after the decimal point in the value of ( 0.2 ) is
25
( Given log10 2 = 0.30103)
1999
102. If n = 1999!, then ∑ log x is equal to
x =1
n
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1999

1999 (d) −1
103. Statement-1: 0 < x < y ⇒ log a x > log a y, where 0 < a < 1.
Statement-2: log a x is a decreasing function for all 0 < a < 1.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
104. Statement-1: log10 x < logπ x < log e x < log 2 x
Statement-2: x < y ⇒ log a x > log a y when 0 < a < 1.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
27
105. Statement-1: If a = y 2 , b = z 2 and c = x 2 , then log a x3 × log b y 3 × log c z 3 =
8
1
Statement-2: log b a =
log a b
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
106. Statement-1: The solution set of the equation log x 2 × log 2 x 2 = log 4 x 2is 2− 2 , 2 { 2
}
1
Statement-2: log b a = and log a x = b then x = a b .
log a b
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
107. If x = log 0.1 0.001, y = log 9 81, then x − 2 y is equal to
(a) 3 − 2 2 (b) 3−2 (c) 2 −1 (d) 2 −2

108. If log 3 a × log a x = 4, then x is equal to
(a) 64 (b) 81 (c) a 2 (d) none of these
1 1
109. If 5x = ( 0.5) = 1000, then − =
y
x y
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4
110. If 9a 2 + 4b2 = 18ab, then log ( 3a + 2b ) =
(a) log 5 + log 3 + log a + log 5b (b) log 5 + log 3 + log 3a + log b
(c) log 5 + log a + log b (d) none of these
 1  1  1 1 
111. The value of log 5  1 +  + log5  1 +  + log5  1 +  + ..... + log5  1 +  is

 5  6  7  624 
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
1 1
112. If log ( x − y ) − log 5 − log x − log y = 0, then + =
x y
2 2 y x
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28
113. If 2log10 3 3
= 3k log10 2 , then k =
1 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 2
2 2
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114. If log10 2 = 0.3010, then log 3 64 =
602 233 202 633
(a) (b) (c) (d)
233 602 633 202
4 1 1
115. The value of 3log4 9 + 27 log36 9 + 81log5 3 , is

(a) 890 (b) 860 (c) 857 (d) None of these
log a ( log b a )
116. The value of is
log b ( log a b )
(a) log b a (b) log a b (c) − log a b (d) − log b a
21
117. If log 2 x + log 4 x + log16 x = , then x equals to
4
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 12 (d) 4, 8
118. If log 5 ( log5 ( log 2 x ) ) = 0, then the value of x is
(a) 32 (b) 125 (c) 625 (d) 125
119. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3) , is
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
120. If y = 21/log x 8 , then x equals to
(a) y (b) y 2 (c) y 3 (d) none of these
121. If 32 x +1.4 x −1 = 36, then x =
(a) log 36 48 (b) log 48 36 (c) log 24 12 (d) log12 24
122. If log x log 4 log x ( 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 )

{ ( )} = 0, then
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
1 2
123. If − 2, then x =
log x 10 log a 10
=
a2 a2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a a
2 100 10 100
124. If log12 27 = a , then log 6 16 =
3− a  3− a  4−a 4+a
(a) (b) 4  (c) 3  (d) 3 
3+ a  3+ a  4+a 4−a
  
1 1
125. If ( 4.2 ) = ( 0.42 ) = 100, then − =
x y
x y
1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) −1
2
126. If log8 x = 2.5 and log 2 y = 5, then x =
(a) y 3/2 (b) 2 y (c) y (d)

y
2
127. If log e 2.log x 27 = log10 8.log e 10, then x =
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 4
128. If 3 + log5 x = 2 log 25 y, then x equals to
y2 y2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 −
y y
125 25 625 25
log a log b log c
129. If , then ca equals
3 4 5
= =
(a) 2b (b) b 2 (c) 8b (d) 4b

130. If 2 .3 = 100, then x belongs to
x 2x
(a) ( 0, 3) (b) (1, 3) (c) (1, 2 ) (c) ( 0, 2 )

131. If log 2 7 = x, then x is :
(a) a rational number such that 0 < x < 2 (b) an irrational number such that 2 < x < 3
(c) a rational number such that 2 < x < 3 (d) a prime number of the form 7 x + 2
1
3
132. If 2 log 3 x
, then x =
64
=
1 1 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) −
3 3 3
133. If log ( 2a − 3b ) = log a − log b, then a =
3b 2 3b b2 3b2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2b − 1 2b − 1 2b + 1 2b + 1
log 3 log 5 log 7
134. If = = , then 3x + y5 y + z 7 z + x =
x− y y−z z−x
1 1 1
135. The value of ( 0.16 ) is
log 2.5  + 2 + 3 +..... to ∞ 

3 3 3 
(a) 0.16 (b) 1 (c) 0.4 (d) 4

136. The number of real solutions of the equation log ( − x ) = 2 log ( x + 1) , is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
137. The solution of the equation logπ ( log 2 ( log 7 x ) ) = 0, is
(a) 7 2 (b) π 2 (c) 2 2 (d) none of these

138. If log 4 2 + log 4 4 + log 4 16 + log 4 x = 6, then x =
(a) 4 (b) 64 (c) 32 (d) 8
139. The number of real values of the parameter k for which the equation ( log16 x ) − log 6 x + log16 k = 0
2
with real coefficients will have exactly one solution, is

140. If 2 x.92 x +3 = 7 x +5 , then x =
5log 7 + 6 log 3 5log 7 − 6 log 3 5log 7 − 6 log 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
log162 − log 7 log162 + log 7 log162 − log 7
141. If log6 log 4
{ ( x+4 + x )} = 0, then x =
5 7 9
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
4 4 4
1 1
142. If ( 2.3) = ( 0.23) = 1000, then − equals to
x y
x y
th
( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 11
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 4 3 2
1
143. If 10 x −1 + 10− x −1 = , then x equals to
3
(a) ± log10 3 (b) 2 log 3 10 (c) log 3 3 (d) log 2 10
144. The value of log 2 log 2 log3 ( log3 273 )  is

{ }
 
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 2
145. If 2 log8 a = x, log 2 ( 2a ) = y and y − x = 4, then x =
(a) 10 (b) 16 (c) 4 (d) 6
146. If log10 x = y , then log103 x 2 equals
1 2 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 y
3 3 2
y y y
147. If log 3 x × log x ( 2 x ) × log 2 x y = log x x 2 , then y equals

(a) 9 (b) 18 (c) 27 (d) 81
1 1
148. If > x, then the greatest integral value of x is
log 3 π log 4 π
+
149. If x > 0 and log 3 x + log 3 ( x ) + log ( x ) + log ( x ) + log ( x ) + .... = 4, then x equals :
3
4
3
8
3
16
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

150. The number of real solutions of the equation log ( − x ) = 2log ( x + 1) is
(a) none (b) one (c) two (d) three
151. The number of values of x, satisfying 1 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) is
(a) only one (b) two (c) three (d) infinitely many
152. The number of solutions the equation x + 1 ) = x − 3 x has is
log x+1 3+ 2 x − x
( 2
( )
(a) Only one (b) Two (c) No (d) More than two
7
153. If log 5 2, log 5 ( 3x − 5 ) , log 5  3x −  are in A.P., then the value(s) of x is (are) :

 2
(a) log 3 8, log 3 4 (b) log 3 3 2 (c) log 3 2 (d) log 8 3
1
154. All the values of x satisfying the inequality log 7 ( x + 3)( x + 5 ) + log1/ 7 ( x + 3) ≤ log 7 11 lie in the
2
interval :
(a) ( −∞, 6 ) (b) ( −3, ∞ ) (c) ( −2, 6 ) (d) ( −3, 6]
155. If x log5 x > 5, then :
1 1 1
(a) x > 5 (b) 0 < x < (c) x > (d) x > 5 or 0 < x <
5 5 5
156. The set of solutions of the inequation log1/ 5 ( 2 x + 3) > log1/ 5 11 contains the interval :
 3  3  3
(a)  − , 4 (b)  − , 4 (c)  − , 4 (d) ( 4, ∞ )
  
 2   2   2 
157. If log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) ≥ log 0.49 ( 2 − x ) , then x belongs to the interval :
(a) [1, 2 ) (b) (1, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, 2 ) (d) (1, 2]
158. If log 5 ( log1/ 3 x ) + log1/ 5 ( log3 y ) = 1, then :
(a) x5 y = 1 (b) xy 5 = 1 (c) x = y 5 (d) x5 = y
 1 
159. If k ( k − 9 ) ≥ log 4 27 × log1/ 5 8 × log1/ 3   then the set of all values of k is given by :
 25 
(a) k ≥ 6 (b) k ≤ 3 (c) k ∈ [ 3, 6] (d) k ∈ ( −∞, 3] ∪ [ 6, ∞ )
160. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 ( 3 − x ) − log 4 ( x − 5 ) = 2 is :
161. If log x ( 2 x5 + x 4 − 10 x 3 + 8 x 2 ) = 5, then a value of ( 2 x + 3) is :
(a) 5 (b) –5 (c) 7 (d) 3
3
162. If log ab a = 4, then the value of log ab is :
a
b
19 17 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 7 5
163. The value of log 2 7 − log7 0.125 is :
( )
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) 0.125 (d) 8
164. The value of log 2 log 2 2 is :

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) –2 (d) –4
165. The value of log 49 7 7 7......to ∞ is :

1
(a) 49 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d)
2
166. If 5loge x = 50 − x loge 5 , then the value of x is :
(a) 10 (b) e (c) 100 (d) e2
3
167. The value of log log   is :
11 5
7
(a) positive (b) negative (c) non-positive (d) non-negative
168. If ( log 5 x )( log x 3x )( log3 x y ) = log x x3 , then y is equal to :
(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 125 (d) 625
169. If log10 617.2 = 2.7904, the value of log10 0.0006172 is :
(a) −4.7904 (b) −3.2096 (c) 3.7904 (d) none of these
−4+log 1
170. If ( 3) = , then x is equal to :
5
x
3
1 1
(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) (d)
5 25
171. If log a n, log b n and log c n are in A.P. then ( ac ) is equal to :
log a b
(a) n 2 (b) a 2 (c) b 2 (d) c 2

172. If 4log64 ( x −3) + log2 5 = 50, then x is equal to :
(a) 10 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 19
th
173. If x log 2 a + a log 2 x = 2a , then the value of x is :
2
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) a 2

174. The sum of the infinite series log e 5 + log e2 5 + log e4 5 + ..... is :
(a) log e 25 (b) log e 125 (c) log e 625 (d) none of these
log a log b log c
175. If , then abc is equal to :
3x + 4 y − 7 z 3 y + 4 z − 7 x 3z + 4 x − 7 y
= =
1
(a) x + y + z (b) 0 (c) 1 (d)
xyz
176. If k > 0 and the product of the roots of the equation x 2 − 3kx + 2e 2log k − 1 = 0 is 7, then sum of the
roots is :
3
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d)
2
1
177. If m 2 + n 2 = 7mn, then log ( m + n ) is equal to :
3
1 1 1 2
(a) ( log m + log n ) (b) ( log m + log n ) (c) ( log m + log n ) (d) ( log m + log n )
2 3 6 3
178. If m = log 70 5 and n = log 70 7, then log 70 4 is equal to :
1 1
(a) 2 ( mn − m + n ) (b) (c) 2 (1 − m − n ) (d) ( m + n − 1)
2 2
( m + n − mn )
log x log y log z
179. If , then yz is equal to :
3 4 5
= =
3
(a) x 3 (b) 3log x (c) x 2 (d) log x
20
180. If p, q, r and k are real numbers greater than 1 and log pk k , log qk k , log rk k are in H.P. then p, q, r
are in :
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) None of these
181. The number log 2 7 is :
(a) a prime number (b) a rational number (c) an irrational number (d) an integer
log 7 x log 7 y log 7 z
182. If and x 3 y −6 z 2 = 1 then k is equal to :
4 5 3k
= =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6

183. log 3 2, log 6 2, log12 2 are in :
184. If a x = b y = c z = d w , then log d abc is equal to :
1 1 1
(a) (b) w  + +  (c) (d)
xy + yz + zx x+ y+z wxyz
w x y z w xy + yz + zx
185. If a , b, c are in G.P. then log a x, log b x and log c x are in :
log x log y log z
186. If = = , then value of x b+ c . y c + a . z a + b is :
b−c c−a a−b
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) abc (d) xyz
( )
187. If a = log5 6 and b = log 4 5, then log 3 2 is equal to :
6 1 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a − b2
2
2ab − 1 (a − b)
2
1 + 2a + 3b
188. For positive real numbers x, y , z , the value of x log y − log z . y log z − log x . z log x −log y is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) log ( xyz ) (d) log ( x + y + z )
log p log q − log r
189. If , then :
2 3 5
= =
(a) p + q − r = 1 (b) p + q + r = 1 (c) par = 1 (d) None of these

190. If x, y , z are in G.P. and ( log x − log 2 y ) , ( log 2 y − log 3z ) and ( log 3z − log x ) are in A.P., then
x, y , z are the lengths of the sides of a triangle which is :
(a) acute angled (b) equilateral (c) right angled (d) obtuse angled
1 1 1
191. If a x = b y = c z = d w , then the value of x  + +  is :
 y z w
(a) log a ( bcd ) (b) log a  (c) log a ( ab + bc + cd ) (d) log e 

 bcd   bcd 
 
 a   a 
192. If x, y , z are three positive real numbers, then ( xy ) . ( yz ) . ( zx ) is equal to :

log   log  log  
x  y z

 y  z x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) log ( xyz ) (d) log ( x + y + z )

193. In a right-angled triangle, the sides are a , b and c, with c as hypotenuse Then, the value of
( log c +b a + log c −b a )( 2 log c +b a × log c −b a ) will be :
−1
1
(a) −1 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
log m log n log p
194. If 2 2
= 2 2
= 2 2
, then the value of m x − y . n y − z . p z − x is :
x + xy + y y + yz + z z + xz + x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)

mnp m n p
+ +
xyz x y z
1 1 1 1
 
195. The value of 6 + log 3  4− 4− 4− .....  is :
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
 
 
8 4
(a) (b) (c) 8 (d) 4
3 2 3
3 5
196. The equation x 4 = 2 , has :
( log 2 x )2 + ( log 2 x ) −
4
(a) at lest one real solution (b) exactly one irrational solution
(c) exactly three real solutions (d) all the above
43
1
197. ∑ log = ……
r =2 n
1
r
(a) log n 43! (b) log 43 n ! (c) log 43! n (d)

log 43! n
198. If x > 1, the least value of 2 log10 x − log x 0.01 is :
(a) 10 (b) 2 (c) 0.1 (d) 4
th
) 15
199. If log 0.3 ( x − 1) < log 0.09 ( x − 1) , then x ∈
(a) (1, 2 ) (b) ( 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −2, 0 ) (d) none of these
7
200. The number of values of x such that log 3 2, log 3 ( 2 x − 5 ) , log 3  2 x −  are in A.P. is :

 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
201. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3) is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
202. If 1, log 9 ( 31− x + 2 ) , log 3 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) are in A.P., then x =
(a) log 3 4 (b) 1 − log 3 4 (c) log 4 3 (d) 1 − log 4 3
203. If x = log 2 a a, y = log 3a 2a, z = log 4 a 3a, then ( x − 2 ) yz =
(a) –1 (b) –2 (c) 1 (d) 2
204. If a = log 4 5 and b = log 5 6, then log 2 3 =
(a) 1 − 2ab (b) 1 + 2ab (c) 2ab − 1 (d) none of these
205. If log 0.1 sin 2 x + log10 cos x = log 0.1 3, then x =
2π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
π π π
6 4 3 3
1 1 1
206. ( 0.16 )
log 2.5  + 2 + 3 +.....∞ 

3 3 3  =
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 1/2 (d) 4
89
207. Find the value of ∑ log  tan 180  =
 nπ 
n =1

1 1
208. The value of is :
log 3 π log 4 π
+
(a) π (b) 2 (c) greater than 2 (d) less than 2

1
209. If log10  x  = x ( log10 5 − 1) , then x is equal to :
 
 2 + x −1 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
210. If log10 3 = 0.47712, the number of digits in 3 33
is :
211. The value of x for which 2 log10 x − log x (.01) ( x > 1) is least, is :
(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) .01 (d) 0.4
212. The number of real values of the parameter λ for which ( log16 x ) − log16 x + log16 λ = 0 will have
2
exactly one solution is

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1
213. If y = 2 log x 4
, then x is equal to :
(a) y (b) y (c) y 2 (d) y 3
214. If log10 2, log10 ( 2 x + 1) , log10 ( 2 x + 3) are in AP, then :
16 (BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
)
1
(a) x = 0 (b) x = 1 (c) x = log10 2 (d) x = log 2 5
2
215. If A = log 2 log 2 log 4 256 + 2 log 2 2, then A is equal to :
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
216. If log10 3 = 0.477, the number of digit in 3 is 40
(a) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 21

1 1 1
217. is equal to
1 + log a bc 1 + log b ca 1 + log c ab
+ +
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

218. If ( 4 ) + (9) = (10 ) , then x is equal to
log 9 2 log 2 4 log x 83
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 10 (d) 30

219. If x, y , z are in GP and a = b = c , then : x y z
(a) log b a = log c b (b) log c b = log a c (c) log a c = log b a (d) log a b = 2 log a c
1
220. If log 8 b = 3 , then b is equal to :
3
(a) 2 (b) 8 (c) 32 (d) 64
221. The value of 3 log 4 5
−5 log 4 3
is :
222. If x = y = z , then 3, 3log y x, 3log z y , 7 log x z are in :
18 21 28
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) AGP

 a + b   ℓn a + ℓn b 
223. If ℓ n   , then + is equal to :
a b
 3   2
=
 b a
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
224. If log 3 {5 + 4 log 3 ( x − 1)} = 2, then x is equal to :
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) log 2 16
225. If 2 x log4 3 + 3log4 x = 27, then x is equal to :
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
1 1
226. The interval of x for which the inequality 5 ≥ 5x :
(log52 x ) ( log5 x )
4 5
(a) 0, 5−2 5 
( (b) 52 5 , ∞ ) (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
 
227. The solution set of the equation log x 2 log 2 x 2 = log 4 x 2 is :
(a) 2 − 2 , 2
{ 2
} (b) {1 / 2, 2} (c) {1 / 4, 2 2 } (d) none of these
228. The expression ( 81) + ( 25 ) + ( 3) equals

1/ log 5 3 log 5 36 4 / log 7 9
(a) 1970 (b) 1860 (c) 1950 (d) 1850

229. If the value of log 4 ( 0.25) + log 2 ( 0.0625) is λ , then the value of −1250λ is :
(a) 6250 (b) 6200 (c) 4200 (d) 3250
230. If the value of log8 128 − log 9 {cot (π / 3)} is a , then the value of 1212a is :
(a) 3121 (b) 3131 (c) 4141 (d) 4121
th
231. If the value of log 0.75 log 2 −2 0.125 is a and the value of log 0.01 1000 + log 0.1 0.0001 is b, then the value
of (125 ) + 620b must be :
a
(a) 1675 (b) 1650 (c) 1600 (d) 1750
232. If λ = log x 2  x x x  , then the value of 3216λ must be :

 
 
(a) 1407 (b) 1405 (c) 1207 (d) 1205
233. The value of 49 + 5 , where A = 1 − log 7 2 and B = − log5 4 is :
A B
(a) 12.5 (b) 11.5 (c) 10.5 (d) none of these

1 1
234. If b 2 = ac then the value of = ...
log a x log c x
+
2 1 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
log b x log b x log a x
1
⋰2
9998
235. The value of log 2 log3 ...log100 100 is …
236. If log 7 2 = a , then log 49 28 is :
(a)
( 2a + 1) (b) 2a + 1 (c)
2 ( 2a + 1)
(d)
a
2 3 2
 3 
 1  
 ( 81) log5 9 + 3 log 6 3    2

237. The value of  ( 7) − (125)  is :

log 25 7 log 25 6 
409
×
   
 
 
1
238.
n
∑ log ( a ) =
r =1 3r
n ( n + 1) ( n + 1) log
(a) log a 3 (b) n ( n + 1) log a 3 (c) 3 (d) none of these
2 2
a
log8 17 log 2 2 17
239. The value of is :
log 9 23 log 3 23
−

240. The value of a x − b y ( where x = log a b andy = log b a )
241. If log a 3 = 2 and log b 8 = 3, then log a b is :
(a) log 3 4 (b) log 4 3 (c) log 2 4 (d) log 2 3
2
log a ( a 2 − 1 log1/ a
)( ( a2 − 1 ))
242. The expression simplifies to :
log a 2 ( a 2 − 1) log 3 a ( 6
( a 2 − 1) )
(a) log a (a 2
−1 ) (b) log a ( a 2 − 1) (c) log a 2 (a 2
−1 ) (d) none of these
243. The solutions of 1 + log 2 ( x − 1) = log ( x −1) 4 are:
5 1 1 3
(a) ,3 (b) , (c) , 2 (d) none of these
4 4 3 5
244. The number of solutions of x = 9 is :
log x ( x −2)
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2

1
245. If log 8 b = 3 , then b =
3
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 28 (d) 32
246. If log e 2.log b 625 = log10 16.log e 10, then b =
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
 1 
2−( log5 16/ 2log5 9)
247. 
 27 
 =
2 2 4 4 2 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
27 27 27 27
248. If log105 7 = a, log 7 5 = b, then log 35 105 =
1 1
(a) ab (b) ( b + 1) a (c) (d)
ab a ( b + 1)
249. If log 5 120 + ( x − 3) − 2 log 5 1 − 5 x −3 = − log 5 0.2 − 5 x − 4 , then x is :
( ) ( )
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
250. The number of solutions of 2 log e 2 x = log e ( 7 x − 2 − 2 x 2
) is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) Infinite
251. The number of solutions of log ( 3 x 2 + x − 2 ) = 3log ( 3 x − 2 ) is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
7
252. The solution set of ( log5 x ) + log 5 x + 1 = contains :
2
log 5 x − 1
(a) (1, 3) (b) {1} (c) {25} (d) {1, 25}
( ln x ) − 3ln x + 3
2
253. If < 1, then x belongs to :

In x − 1
(a) ( 0, e ) (b) (1, e ) (c) (1, 2e ) (d) ( 0, 3e )
254. If x > 1 , the least value of 2 log100 x 2 − log x 0.01 is
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 0
255. If a 2 + b 2 = 7 ab, then log   is equal to

 a+b
 3 
(a) log ( ab ) (b) log ab (c) log   (d) log

a a
b b
256. If x > 1, the least value of log 2 x − log x ( 0.125 ) is
(a) 2 (b) 2 3 (c) 4 (d) 4 3

257. A rational number which is 50 times its own logarithm to the base 10 is
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000
th
 3 ( ab −1c −2 ) 
258. The log a   + log 2 b ÷ log b 2 is
 a −1b −2 c −4 1/ 6 
 ( ) 
a a
1 3 5 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 8 8 8
log 5 λ − 1
259. If log 5 sin x + log 5 cos x = 1 and log 5 ( sin x + cos x ) = , then the value of λ is
2
(a) 14 (b) 31 (c) 15 (d) 7
260. If log10 2 = 0.3010, log10 3 = 0.4771, then the number of digits in 5200 are
(a) 120 (b) 145 (c) 160 (d) None of these
261. If log 3 5 = a and log 3 2 = b, then log 3 300 =
(a) 2 ( a + b ) (b) 2 ( a + b + 1) (c) 2 ( a + b + 2 ) (d) a + b + 4

[DR. S.K. GOYAL / JP, NP/ pg no :-184]
Sol. Ans. (c), log 3 300 = log 3 (3× 2 2
× 52 ) = log 3 3 + 2 log 3 2 + 2 log 3 5
= 2 log 3 3 + 2b + 2a ∵ log 3 5 = a and log 3 2 = b = 2 ( a + b + 1)

( )
262. Solution of which of the equation is not correctly expressed
(a) If log 3 x log y 3log 2 y = 5, then x = 32 (b) If log 2 x × log 2 + 4 = 0, then x = 2

x
16
(c) If 2 log16 ( x 2 + x ) − log 4 ( x + 1) = 2, then x = 16
1 1 1
(d) If y = a 1− log a x
and z = a 1− log a y
, then x = a 1− log a z
263. If x log10 (10 / 3) + log10 3 = log10 ( 2 + 3x ) + x , then x =

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) −1 (d) 2
264. If log 3 y = x and log 2 z = x, then 72 x is equal to
(a) yz 3 (b) y 2 z 3 (c) y 3 z 2 (d) y 3 z 3
265. If a = log 2, b = log 3, c = log 7 and 6 x = 7 x + 4 then x =
4b 4c 4b 4a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
c+a−b a+b−c c−a−b a+b−c
266. If log 4 5 = x and log 5 6 = y , the log 3 2 is equal to
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 xy + 1 (d)
2x + 1 2y +1 2 xy − 1
 x+2
267. The set of real values of x satisfying log 0.2   ≤ 1, is
 x 
(a) ( −∞, 5 / 2] ∪ ( 0, ∞ ) (b) [5 / 2, ∞ ) (c) ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ ( 0, ∞ ) (d) None of these
log a log b log c
268. If , then ca equals
3 4 5
= =
(a) 2b (b) b 2 (c) 8b (d) 4b

269. If x 2 log10 x = 100, then x belongs to
(a) 10, 10 (b) 10 −1 , 10 10 (c) 10 10 (d) 10
( )
270. If log10 5 = x, then log 5 1250 equals to
1 1 1 1
(a) 3 − (b) 2 + (c) 3 + (d) 2 −
x x x x
 1
 x +  log10
271. If 53 x = 2 , then x equals to
25
2
log102 2
1 1 1
(a) 1, − (b) 1 (c) 1, − (d) − , 1
3 2 3
1 1
272. If log ( x + y ) = log 2 + log x + log y , then
2 2
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x − y = 0 (c) xy = 1 (d) x 2 + xy + y 2 = 0
1 1
273. If x 2 + y 2 = 7 xy ( x, y, > 0) , show that log ( x + y ) = [log x + log y ]
3 2
274. If x 2 + y 2 = 5 xy , then log   is equal to :

x+ y
 x− y
1 7 1 5 5 7
(a) log (b) log (c) log (d) log
2 3 2 2 2 3
275. Which of the following identities is not correct ?
1 1 
(a) If log a m = x, then log1/ a (b) log  log ab a + =0

logb ab 
=x
m 
(c) log a n log b n + log b n log c n + log c n log a n = 1
(d) All three are correct
More than one options may be correct.

276. The value of log {logb a.log c b.log d c.log a d } is :
(a) 0 (b) log abcd (c) log1 (d) 1
277. If and x 3 y 2 z = 1, then k is equal to :
4 6 3k
= =
 1 
(a) −8 (b) −4 (c) 0 (d) log 2 
 256 

278. The solution of the equation 3loga x + 3 x loga 3 = 2 is given by :

(a) a log3 a (b) ( 2 / a ) (c) a − log3 2 (d) 2− log3 a
log3 2
279. If ( log x 2 ) log ( x /16 ) 2 = log ( x / 64) 2, then x is equal to :

( )
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
280. Solutions of the equation log 3 x = 1 + log x 9 are :
1
(a) 9 (b) 2 (c) –1 (d)
3
281. Solutions of the equation 2 log 9 x + 9 log x 3 = 10 are given by :
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 93 (d) 39
282. Which of the following is correct?
 1 
(a) log 2 3 > log (1/ 3) 5 (b) log 4 5 = log (1/16)   (c) log 2 3 < log 3 (11) (d)none of these
 25 
th
TRUE AND FALSE
283. e ( ) = 7
In In 7
log a n
284. = 1 + log a b
log ab n
285. Equations log 2 x ( x − 1) = 1and log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 1) = 1 have same set of solutions.
Fill in the blanks
286. If log10 98 + (x 3

− x 2 − 12 x + 36 )  = 2 and x is real then x = .........
 
287. If a > 0 and 2 log x a + log ax a + 3log a 2 x a = 0 then x = .........
( )
288. If x  = 2, then x = .......

 2 / 3( log x )2 + log x −5 / 4
2 2 
289. The solution of log 7 log5  ( x + 5 ) + x  = 0 is ………

 
log a x.log b x
290. The value of is …..
log a x + log b x
Assertion Reason Type
291. Assertion (A) : logπ 2 + log 2 π is smaller than 2.
Reason (R) : AM > GM .
292. Assertion (A) : The least value of log 2 x − log x ( 0.125) is 2 3 for x > 1
Reason (R) : AM ≥ GM
293. Assertion (A) : If log e log5 ( ( 2 x − 2 ) + 3) = 0, then the value of x is 3.
Reason (R) : If log b a = c, then a = c b but a ≠ 0, b > 0, b ≠ 1 .

294. Assertion (A) : If a = y 2 , b = z 2 , c = x 2 then 8 log a x3 .log b y 3 .log c z 3 = 27 .
1
Reason (R) : log b a.log c b = log c a, also log b a = .
log a b
295. Assertion (A) : If x = 9, then x = −2 .

2
log x (1− x )
Reason (R) : a loga b = b, if a > 0 and a ≠ 1 , b > 0

296. Assertion (A) : The equation log 1 ( 5 + x ) = log(
2
3+ x 2 (15 + x ) has no solution.
)
2+ x
Reason (R) : log a 2 m = 2m log a ∀ a > 0 and m ∈ N .
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SOLUTION OF LOGARITHMS ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. Ans. (b), We have, log 3 y = x and log 2 z = x ⇒ y = 3x and z = 2 x
∴ 72 x = ( 23 × 32 ) = ( 2 x ) ( 3x ) = ( z ) ( y ) = y 2 z 3
x 3 2 3 2
log10 a log10 b log10 c

2. Ans. (d), We have, = λ ( say )
2 3 5
= =
⇒ log10 a = 2λ , log10 b = 3λ , log10 c = 5λ
⇒ a = 10 2 λ , b = 103λ , c = 105 λ ⇒ bc = 108λ = (102 λ ) = a 4

4
3. Ans. (b), We have, log 4 5 = x and log 5 6 = y
⇒ 5 = 4 x and 6 = 5 y ⇒ 6 = ( 4x ) ⇒ 2 × 3 = 4 xy
y
⇒ 2 × 3 = ( 22 ) ⇒ 3 = 22 xy −1 ⇒ log 2 3 = 2 xy − 1
xy
Alternative
1 1
Given ⇒ log 5 4 = ⇒ log 5 2 =
x 2x
1 1
Also log 5 6 = y ⇒ log 5 2 + log 5 3 = y ⇒ + log 5 3 = y ⇒ log 5 3 = y −
2x 2x
1
log 3 2 x = 2 xy − 1
y−
Hence log 2 3 =
log 2 1
=
2x
4. Ans. (d), It is standard result
 167 255 813 
5. Ans. (c), Given expression = log  7 . 5 . 3  = log 2 .
 15 24 80 
 xn.. −12 
.x
6. Ans. (a), log x1 log x2 log x3 .....log xn−1 log xn  xn n−1 

x
 
 
 x.. 1 
.x
= log x1 log x2 log x3 ....log xn−1  xn −n1−2  log xn xn = ...... = log x1 x1 = 1

( )
 
1 1
10
7. Ans. (b), Let x = ( 0.5 ) ⇒ log x = 10 log   = 10 ( log1 − log 2 ) = 10 ( 0 − log 2 )

10
2 2
= 
⇒ log x = −10 ( 0.3010 ) = −3.010 = −3 − 1 + (1 − 0.010 ) = 4.990

∴ Characteristic of log x is 4 . ∴ Number of zeros immediately after decimal are 4 − 1 = 3 . Hence,
the first significant digit is at 4th place after the decimal.
log 3 81 log 3 34 4
8. Ans. (d), log 27 81 =
log 3 27 log 3 33 3
= =
th
2 9 2 3 2 1 3
2 2
log 2   + log 4   = log 2   + log 22   = log 2   + log 2  

3 4 3 2 3 2 2
2 3 2 2
= log 2   + log 2   = log 2   − log 2   = 0
3 2 3 3
1 5
log16 32 = log 24 25 = × 5log 2 2 =
4 4
3
log 3 3 27 = log 33 / 2 ( 33 ) = log 3 = 2 ≠ 1 . So, (d) is not true.
(3 / 2) 3
9. Ans. (d), 7 x > 1015 ⇒ log10 7 x > log10 1015 ⇒ x log10 7 > 15 log10 10
⇒ x log10 7 > 15 ⇒ x log10 ( 73 ) > 15 ⇒ x ( 2.5353) > 15
15
⇒ x > 5.91646 . ∴Least integral value of x is 6.
2.5353
⇒ x>
1
10. Ans. (d), given x log10 x

⋅ log10 x < 1 …(1)
Clearly, x > 0
Case (i) : x ≠ 1
Then (1) ⇒ x log x 10 .log10 x < 1 ⇒ 10 log10 x < 1
1
⇒ log10 x < ⇒ 0 < x < 101/10 , x ≠ 1 …(2)
10
Case (ii) : x = 1
Then, from (1), LHS is undefined ∵ log10 x = 0 for x = 1
Hence we have 0 < x < 101/10 but x ≠ 1
3 3 1
2
11. Ans. (c), S = 1 +   +   + ..... = =4

4 4 3
1−
4
3
1−  
n
3 3 4 3
S n = 1 + +   + ...... to n terms = = 4 − 4.   As S − S n < 10−6
2 n

4 4 3 4
1−
4
3
Hence 4.   < 10 −6
n
4
Taking log at the base As 10, we have log 4 + n ( log 3 − log 4 ) < −6
6 + log 4
[∵ log 4 − log 3 > 0]
log 4 − log 3
⇒ n>
6 + 2 log 2
⇒ n > 52.84238 ∴ Least value of n is 53.
2 log 2 − log 3
⇒ n>
12. Ans. (b), log 5 ( x 2 − 11x + 43) < 2 ⇒ x 2 − 11x + 43 > 0 and x 2 − 11x + 43 < 52
⇒ x 2 − 11x + 18 < 0 Note that x 2 − 11x + 43 > 0 is true for all x as it has D = 112 − 4 × 43 < 0
Now, first inequality is satisfied by every x and second inequality is satisfied for 2 < x < 9 .
∴ Solution is ( 2, 9 ) .
th
) 3
13. Ans. (b), By definition of log, the equation will be meaningful if both 3 − x and 1 − x are +ve
i.e. x < 3 and x < 1. Hence x < 1. The equation reduces to log 2 (3 − x) (1 − x) = 3 from which we obtain
(3 − x) (1 − x) = 23 = 8 ⇒ x2 − 4x − 5 = 0
Its roots are −1 and 5. The root 5 is rejected since it does not satisfy the condition x < 1.
2
14. Ans. (a), log 5 x + (log 5 x) 2 < 2 ⇒ t 2 + t − 2 < 0, where t = log 5 x
2
⇒ (t + 2) (t − 1) < 0 ⇒ −2 < t < 1 ⇒ −2 < log 5 x < 1 ⇒ 5−2 < x < 5
 1 
∴ x ∈ , 5  .
 25 
15. Ans. (b), log 4 log 2 ( log 2 ( log 3 81) )  = x
Then log 3 ( 81) = log 3 34 = 4 log3 3 = 4 ; log 2 4 = log 2 22 = 2 log 2 2 = 2
x = log 4 log 2 ( log 2 ( 4 ) )  = log 4 log 2 ( 2 )  = log 4 (1) = 0

16. Ans. (a), Write log a = x, log b = y, log c = z .
x2 y2 z 2
Then,  . − 1 +  . − 1 +  . − 1  = 0 ⇒ −3 + + = 0 ⇒ − 3 xyz + x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 0
x x  y y  z z 
+
y z  x z  x y  yz zx xy
this ⇒ x + y + z = 0 ⇒ log a + log b + log c = log1 ⇒ log abc = log1 ⇒ abc = 1
log 3 log 8 1 1
17. Ans. (c), = 2, = 3 ⇒ log a = log 3, log b = log 8 = log 2
log a log b 2 3
log b log 2 2 2 log 2 log 4
⇒ log a b = = ( log 2 ) = log 3 4
log a 1 log 3 log 3 log 3 log 3
= = =
2
1 1 1
18. Ans. (b), log 49 28 = log 2 28 = log 7 ( 7.2 2 ) = [ log 7 7 + 2 log 7 2] = [1 + 2m]
7 2 2 2
19. Ans. (b), a x = b ⇒ a xy = b y = c ⇒ a xy = c ⇒ a xyz = c z = a ⇒ a xyz = a1 ⇒ xyz = 1 .
20. Ans. (b), Take log 3 x = y
1
Then x = x −2 gives 2 y + y 2 − 10 = −2 ⇒ y2 + 2 y − 8 = 0 ⇒ y = 2, − 4
2
2log3 x + ( log3 x ) −10
=
x2
1
∴ y = 2 ⇒ 2 = y = log 3 x ⇒ x = 32 = 9 and y = −4 ⇒ log 3 x = −4 ⇒ x =
81
21. Ans. (b), log 20 3 = x ⇒ 20 x = 3 .
Now 201/ 2 > 4 ∵ 20 > 4 2  201/ 3 < 3  ∵ 20 < 33 
1 1 1 1
∴ x lies between and or x ∈  ,  .
3 2 3 2
22. Ans. (c), log8 x ( x − 4 )( x − 6 ) = 2 log8 8 = log8 82 ⇒ x ( x − 4 )( x − 6 ) = 64 …(1)
Clearly x = 4, 2, 10 do not satisfy (1) and x = 8 satisfies it.
(x 3
− x 2 − x + 1) x3 − x 2 − x + 1
23. Ans. (c), log 3 = 2 log 3 3 = log 3 3 = log 3 9
2
=9 …(1)
( x − 1)( x + 1) x2 − 1
⇒
Clearly, x = 1, x = −1 can not be solution of it as it makes, x 2 − 1 = 0

Equation (1) ⇒ x3 − x 2 − x + 1 = 9 x 2 − 9 ⇒ x3 − x − 10 x 2 + 10 = 0
⇒ ( x − 1) ( x − 10 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 10 as x 2 − 1 ≠ 0 .
2
24. Ans. (c), x

log ( 2 x )
= 5 . Taking log, ( log 2 x ) log x = log 5
Take log x = y, log 2 = a, b = log 5 .
(a 2
+ 4b )
Then y ( a + y ) = b ⇒ y + ay − b = 0
2
−a ±
2
⇒ y=
1 1/ 2
or log x = − log 2 ± ( log 2 ) + 4 log 5
{ }
2
2  
1 1/ 2
 = 1  − log 2 ± 2 − log 2 
⇒ log x = log 2 log 2 4 1 log 2
2
2 
− ± ( ) + ({ − )  2  }( )
= 1 − log 2, − 1 = log10 − log 2, − 1 = log 5, − 1
1
∴ x = 5 or x = 10−1 = .
10
25. Ans. (a), log tan 45° is a factor of the given product.
But log ( tan 45° ) = log1 = 0 . ∴ Product = 0 .
26. Ans. (a), log x +1 ( x 2 + x − 6 ) = 4 ⇒ ( x 2 + x − 6 ) = ( x + 1) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1)

2 2 4 2
⇒ ( x 2 + x − 6 ) − ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) = 0 ⇒ ( − x − 7 ) ( 2 x 2 + 3x + 5) = 0 ⇒ x = −7
2 2
5
Or 2 x 2 + 3 x + 5 = 0 ⇒ x = − , 1 .
2
5 5
Finally x = 1, − , − 7 . But both x = − , x = −7 make x + 1 = negative base.
2 2
∴ Only possible value of x is x = 1 .
1 1 1 1 1
27. Ans. (c), = log 25 17 = log 5 17 …(1) = log 5 3 = log 5 32 = log 5 9 …(2)
y 2 x 2 2
1 1
By (1) and (2), > as log 25 17 > log 25 9 ∴ y < x or x > y .
y x
28. Ans. (c), ( log K A) . ( log5 K ) = log5 A = 3 ⇒ A = 53 = 125
1 1
1/ 2 1/ 2 1/ 2
29. Ans. (d), ( log 4 =  log 0.5 4  =  log 2 x 22  = ( −1) = ± −1

1/ 2
( 0.5)2 ) 2

 2


30. Ans. (d), 2 log ( x + 1) − log ( x 2 − 1) = log 2
( x + 1) ( x + 1) = 2 x +1
2 2
log = log 2 or = 2 if x ≠ −1 or x + 1 = 2 ( x − 1) or x = 3
x −1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) x −1
⇒ 2
⇒
log x log y log z

31. Ans. (c), = = =K …(1)
q−r r− p p−q
p log x q log y r log z log x p log y q log z r
Then = = =K ⇒ = = =K
p (q − r ) q (r − p) r ( p − q) p (q − r ) q (r − p) r ( p − q)
⇒ log x p + log y q + log z r = K  p ( q − r ) + q ( r − p ) + r ( p − q )  = 0
⇒ x p yq zr = 1 …(2)
th
) 5
By (1),
( q + r ) log x = ( r + p ) log y = ( p + q ) log z = K
q2 − r 2 r 2 − p2 p2 − q2
⇒ log x q + r + log y r + p + log z p + q = K ( q 2 − r 2 + r 2 − p 2 + p 2 − q 2 ) = 0
⇒ x q + r . y r + p .z p + q = 1 Now, (2) (3) ⇒ Both are equal.

1 1 100 10
32. Ans. (d), log 5 10 = = = 1.43
log10 5 0.7 70 7
= =
33. Ans. (d), log ( 312 × 28 ) = 12 log10 3 + 8 log10 2

= 12 × 0.47712 + 8 × 0.30103 = 5.72544 + 2.40824 = 8.13368
Number of digits = 8 + 1 = 9 .
log x log y log z
34. Ans. (b), = log K , then x1/ 2 = K , y1/ 3 = K , z1/ 5 = K
2 3 5
= =
This ⇒ x = K 2 , y = K 3 , z = K 5 ⇒ x 2 = K 4 , yz = K 8 = K 4 ⇒ x 2 = yz .
35. Ans. (b), 3 + log10 x = 2 log10 y
 y2  y2
⇒ log10 x = log10 y 2 − 3log10 10 = log10  3 
 10  1000
⇒ x=
1 1
36. Ans. (d), log16 x + log 4 x + log 2 x = 14 log 2 x + log 2 x + log 2 x = 14
4 2
⇒
7 4
log 2 x = 14 ⇒ log 2 x = 14 × = 8 ⇒ x = 28 = 256
4 7
⇒
37. Ans. (a), Given log 1/ 2 2 x 2 + 2 x − 8 − log (1/ 2 ) (10 + 3x − x 2 ) = 1

2
( )
Where 10 + 3 x − x 2 > 0 ⇒ x 2 − 3 x − 10 < 0 ⇒ − 2 < x < 5

x2 + 2 x − 8 1
log a = log a a, where a =
(10 + 3x − x ) 2
2
x2 + 2x − 8 1
⇒ 2 x 2 + 4 x − 16 = 10 + 3 x − x 2 ⇒ 2 x 2 + 4 x − 16 = x 2 − 3 x − 10
10 + 3 x − x 2
2
=
Or 2 x 2 + 4 x − 16 = 10 + 3 x − x 2 ⇒ 3 x 2 + x − 26 = 0 or x 2 + 7 x − 6 = 0
−1 ± 313 313 − 1
∵ x ∈ ( −2,5)
6 6
⇒ x= ⇒ x=
−7 ± 73 73 − 7
Or x 2 + 7 x − 6 = 0 ∵ x ∈ ( −2,5)
2 2
⇒ x= ⇒ x=
2
  log 2 15
2/3
log 2 log23 / 215 log 2 (15)
38. Ans. (c), Given = 2 =2 =2 =2 = 152 / 3 = 3 225.
15
2 3
1 1
1 5
39. Ans. (c), Given = log a a + log a a 2 = log a a 2 + log a a 2 =
log a a + 2 log a a = + 2 = .
2 2 2
11
40. Ans. (a), The given equation may be written as log 2 x + log 4 x + log 8 x =
6
1 1 11  1 1 11
⇒ log 2 x + log 2 x + log 2 x = ⇒ 1 + +  log 2 x =
2 3 6  2 3 6
 11  11
⇒   log 2 x = ⇒ log 2 x = 1 ⇒ x = 2.
6 6
1 10 1
41. Ans. (d), Given log 2 x + = log 2 y + .
log 2 x 3 log 2 y
=
1 10
Hence log 2 x and log 2 y are roots of t + =
t 3
1 10 10 1
Now t + = ⇒ t 2 − t + 1 = 0 ⇒ 3t 2 − 10t + 3 = 0 ⇒ t = 3 or
t 3 3 3
1 1
⇒  log 2 x = 3 and log 2 y =  or  log 2 x = and log 2 y = 3 
  
 3  3 
1 1 1
⇒  x = 23 and y = 2 3  or 2 and 2 Hence 8 2
  3 3  3
 x = y =  x + y = +
  
1
42. Ans. (a) Given ⇒ log 2 + log ( ab ) = log ( a + b )
2
⇒ log 2 ab = log ( a + b ) ⇒ 2 ab = a + b ⇒ −2 a b =0
2 2
( ) ( ) ( )
a + b
=0 ⇒ a− b =0 ⇒ a = b ⇒ a = b.
2
⇒ ( a− a )
43. Ans. (c), As log12 168 = log12 ( 24 × 7 ) = log12 24 + log 12 7
1 1 ab + 1
= log12 24 + …(i)
log 7 12
=b+ =
a a
log 2 24 log 2 23.3 log 2 23 + log 2 3 3log 2 2 + log 2 3 3 + log 2 3
Also b = log12 24 =
log 2 12 log 2 22.3 log 2 22 + log 2 3 2 log 2 2 + log 2 3 2 + log 2 3
= = = =
3 − 2b
⇒ 2b + b log 2 3 = 3 + log 2 3 ⇒ log 2 3 = .
b −1
log 2 54 log 2 33.2 log 2 33 + log 2 2 3log 2 3 + 1
Further log12 54 =
log 2 12 log 2 22.3 log 2 22 + log 2 3 2 + log 2 3
= = =
 3 − 2b 
3  + 1 9 − 6b + b − 1
b −1 
 = ( 8 − 5b ) …(ii)
3 − 2b 2 2 3 2
= =
2+ − + −
b −1
b b
log12 168 ab + 1
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we get log 54 168 =
log12 54 a ( 8 − 5b )
=
1 log 2 1
44. Ans. (c), = log n 2 = = K log 2, where K =
log 2 n log n log n
Hence given expression = K ( log 2 + log 3 + log 4 + ..... + log1983)
log n
= K log ( 2.3.4.5......1983) = K log (1983!) = K log n = =1
log n
log 27 3log 3 3 log 2 3 − a 2a log 2
45. Ans. (c), a = ⇒ log 3 =
log12 log 3 + 2 log 2 log 2 log 3 2a 3− a
= ⇒ =a ⇒ =
1+ 2
log 3
th
) 7
4 log 2  3− a 
4
log16 4 log 2 log 3 2a  4 ( 3 − a ) 3− a
log 6 16 = = 4.

log 6 log 2 + log 3 log 2 + 1 3 − a + 1 3 − a + 2a
= 
3+ a
= = =
log 3 2a
46 Ans. (c), Given, 7 n > 105 . Taking log10 both sides, n log10 7 > 5
1 15 15
or n log10 343 > 5 or n > ; n > 5.92 . ∴ n = 6 is the least integer.
3 log10 343 2.5353
=
47. Ans. (b), For the given equation to be defined x + 2 > 0 and x + 2 ≠ 1
2
and let log 5 ( x + 2 ) = λ Given ⇒ 1 + = λ ⇒ λ 2 − λ − 2 = 0 ⇒ ( λ − 2 )( λ + 1) = 0 ∴ λ = 2 or − 1
λ
⇒ log 5 ( x + 2 ) = 2 or − 1 ⇒ x + 2 = 52 or 5−1 ∴ x = 23 or − 1.8 ⇒ x = 23 or − 1.8
1 −3
3
48. Ans. (b), Clearly log 5 ( 0.008 ) = log 51/ 2   = log 51/ 2 ( 5 ) = log 5 5 = −6
−3
5 1/ 2
2
and log 2 3 5 1600 = log 40 1/ 3 ( 40 ) = log 40 40 = 6
2
( ) ( ) 1/ 3
∴ Given log 5
( 0.008) + log 2( 3
5
1600 = −6 + 6 = 0
)
log b ( log b N )
log b ( log b N )
49. Ans. (b), ∵ = log a ( log b N ) . ∴ a = log b N

log b a log a ( logb N )
log b a
=a
7
50. Ans. (a), ∵ A = 1 − log 7 2 = log 7 7 − log 7 2 = log 7  
2
7 7 49
2
⇒ 7 = ⇒ (7 A 2
) ∴ 49 A = …(i)
2 2 4
A
= 
1 1
and B = − log 5 4 = log 5   ⇒ 5B = …(ii)
4 4
50
From (i) and (ii), 49 A + 5 B = = 12.5
4
51. Ans. (c), Given log p ( log q ( log r x ) ) = 0 ⇒ log q ( log r x ) = 1 ⇒ log r x = q ⇒ x = r q …(i)
and log r ( log p x ) = 1 ⇒ log p x = r ⇒ x = pr …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), r q = p r ⇒ p = rq/r

52. Ans. (b), Given a ( b − c ) x 2 + b ( c − a ) xy + c ( a − b ) y 2 a pefect square
⇒ both roots of a ( b − c ) t 2 + b ( c − a ) t + c ( a − b ) are same but are root is clearly 1 hence other root is
also 1
2ac
∴ product of roots = =1 ⇒ b =
c ( a − b)
a (b − c ) a+c
4ac 
log ( a + c ) + log ( a + c ) −

log ( a + c ) + log ( a − 2b + c ) 
Now,  a +c
log ( a − c ) log ( a − c )
=
8 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
)
 ( a − c )2 
log ( a + c ) + log 
 ( a + c )  log ( a − c ) 2 log ( a − c )
 2
=2
log ( a − c ) log ( a − c ) log ( a − c )
= = =
53. Ans. (c). Since as log 0.5 4 = log 2−1 ( 22 ) = −2 log 2 2 = −2
Hence we have ( log 4 ) = ( −2 ) = 4=2

2 2
0.5
log12 log 24 log 36 log12

54. Ans. (b), Clearly abc =
log 24 log 36 log 48 log 48
⋅ ⋅ =
log 48 + log12 log ( 48.12 ) log 242 log 24

∴ 1 + abc = = 2⋅ = 2bc
log 48 log 48 log 48 log 48
= =
55. Ans. (c), Clearly abc = log x y.log y z.log z x = log x x = 1

Alternative
x = z c = ( y b ) = y bc = ( x a ) = x abc ∴ abc = 1 ⇒ (c).
c bc
0.1 1
56. Ans. (a), S∞ =
a
1 − r 1 − 0.1 9
= =
1
0.05 = = 20−1
20
Hence the equation reduces to ( 20−1 ) = 20 = 20 2log 20 = 20log 20 9 = 92 = 81.
log −( −2log 20 9 ) 9 2
201/ 9
57. Ans. (a), T1 = 34log3 5 = 3

( ) = 54 = 625
log3 54
2
T2 = ( 33 ) 2 = 33log3 6 = 3log3 6 = 216 by rule (11)
log3 6 3
1
T3 = 34log9 7 = 3 = 3log3 7 = 49
4⋅ .log3 7 2
2
58. Ans. (c), L.H.S. = log xy

xyz + log xyz + log xyz = log xyz x y z = 2.1 = 2
yz zx 2 2 2
59. Ans. (a), Let each ratio be k and suppose y = a a bb c c

Then log a = k ( b − c ) , log y = ∑ a log a
Now ∑ a log a =∑ ak ( b − c ) = 0 ⇒ log y = 0 ⇒ y = 1 ⇒ a a bb c c = 1
60. Ans. (c), Let each ratio be k
Let t = x a y b z c , then log t = ∑ a log x = ∑ ak ( b − c ) = 0
∴ t = xa yb z c = 1
Again ∑ log x = ∑ k ( b − c ) = 0
log xyz = 0 or xyz = 1 ∴ x a y b z c = 1 = xyz
61. Ans. (a), Changing all the logarithms to base α (α > 0, α ≠ 1) .
Given equation yields
∑  y ⋅ z − 1 = 0 where x = logα a etc.

x x 
 
x2 y 2 z 2
⇒ + + =3 ⇒ x3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3 xyz = 0
yz zx xy
th
⇒ ( x + y + z )  x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx  = 0 …(1)
Since x ≠ y ≠ z , we have x 2 + y 2 + z 2 − xy − yz − zx
1
x − y) + ( y − z ) + ( z − x)  ≠ 0
2 2 2
2
= ( 
Hence we conclude from (1) that ( x + y + z ) = 0, that is logα a + logα b + logα c = 0
⇒ logα abc = 0 ⇒ abc = 1
62. Ans. (c), a 2 + 4b 2 + 4ab = 16ab
∴ ( a + 2b ) = 16ab ∴ 2 log ( a + 2b ) = 4 log 2 + log a + log b
100
63. Ans. (c), log10 50 = log10
2
= log10 10 2 − log10 2 = 2 log10 10 − log10 2 = 2 − ( 0.30103) = 1.69897
1 1
64. Ans. (c), Let y = log b ( ab ) then + = log ab a + log ab b
x y
1 1 1 1 x −1
+ = log ab ( ab ) = 1 = 1− =
x
x −1
⇒ ∴ ∴y=
x y y x x
Alternative
As log ab a + log ab b = log ab ab = 1
1 1 1 1
Hence =1 ⇒ = 1 − ⇒ log b ab =
x
x log b ab log b ab x −1
+
x
65. Ans. (c), log1/ 2
( x − 1) > 2.1
1
Since base is less than one and hence the sign of inequality is reversed.
2
 1  3
2
We get x − 1 <  and for given inequation to be defnied of x − 1 > 0 ⇒ x > 1

 2 2
 ⇒ x<
 3
Hence x ∈ 1, 
 2
66. Ans. (b), we know that a log a n = n
For given equation to be defined x must be +ve
(1 − x ) = 9 ⇒ x2 − 2x − 8 = 0 ∴ x = 4, − 2 ⇒ x = 4 only, as −2 is rejected.
2
67. Ans. (a), For given equation to be defined x 2 − 4 x + 5 > 0

We know that a log a x = x
⇒ x2 − 4x + 5 = x − 1 ⇒ x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
⇒ x = 2, 3 and for both values x 2 − 4 x + 5 is +ve.
68. Ans. (a), log 3 ( log 2 x ) is defined only when log 2 x = t is +ve
i.e., log 2 x > 0 ⇒ x >1
Also we know that a log a n = n Hence 3 =3

2log3 ( t ) log 3 t 2
( ) = t2
Given ⇒ t 2 = t − t 2 + 1 ⇒ 2t 2 − t − 1 = 0
( 2t + 1)( t − 1) = 0
 1
∴ t = 1 only  − rejected as t should be + ve  ∴ log 2 x = 1 ⇒ x=2

 2 
Thus there is only one root. Hence the sum is 2.
5 5
69. Ans. (d), The given equation is 5.5log5 cos x = ⇒ 5 cos x =
2 2
1
∴ cos x = = cos ∴ x = 2nπ ± where n ∈ I
π π
2 3 3
Hence it has infinite number of solutions.
70. Ans. (b), Take log on both sides and then
Put log 3 x = t By given equation we get
We get 2t + t 2 − 10 = −2 ⇒ t 2 + 2t − 8 = 0
∴ t = log 3 x = −4, 2 ⇒ x = 32 , 3−4 = 9, 1/ 81
71. Ans. (b), Given 2 log 3 ( 2 x − 5 ) = log 3 2 + log 3 ( 2 x − 7 / 2 )
⇒ 2 log ( 2 x − 5 ) = log 3 ( 2 x +1 − 7 ) ⇒ ( 2 x − 5 ) = 2 x +1 − 7 ⇒ 2 2 x − 10.2 x + 25 = 2 x +1 − 7

2
⇒ 22 x − 12.2 x + 32 = 0 ⇒ ( 2 x − 8 )( 2 x − 4 ) = 0
∴ 2 x = 23 ⇒ 2 x = 2 2 ⇒ x = 2,3
But x = 2 is ruled out since in that case 2 x − 5 < 0 ∴ x = 3.
72. Ans. (d), Given ⇒ x3 − 3 x 2 − 4 x + 8 = ( x − 3)
3
5 7
∴ 6 x 2 − 31x + 35 = 0 ⇒ ( 3x − 5)( 2 x − 7 ) = 0 ⇒ x= ,
3 2
5
Since base x − 3 is to be +ve, so we reject x = as it makes ( x − 3) negative.
3
7
Hence x = is the only solution.
2
1 1 1
73. Ans. (b) We have,
log a bc + 1 log b ca + 1 log c ab + 1
+ +
1 1 1
log a bc + log a a log b ca + log b b log c ab + log c c
= + +
1 1 1
= log abc a + log abc b + log abc c = log abc abc = 1
log a abc log b abc log c abc
= + +
74. Ans. (c), Given 5 x = ( 0.5 ) = 1000 ⇒ x = log 5 1000 and y = log 0.5 1000
y
1 1 1 1  5  1
− = log1000 5 − log1000 0.5 ⇒ − = log1000   = log1000 10. = log103 10 =
 0.5  3
⇒
x y x y
1 1
75. Ans. (b), Given 4 x + 2 2 x −1 = 3 2
+3 2
x+ x−
1 1 1 1 3
⇒ 2 × 22 x −1 + 22 x −1 = 3 2
×3+ 3 2
⇒ 2 2 x −1 ( 2 + 1) = 3 2
( 3 + 1) ⇒ 22 x −1 × 3 = 3 2
×4 ⇒ 2 2 x −3 = 3 2
x− x− x− x− x−
3 3 3 3
3 3
⇒ (2 2 x− 2
) =3 2
⇒4 2
=3 2
=0
x− x− x−
2 2
⇒ x− ⇒ x=
th
) 11
log x log y log z
76. Ans. (b) , We have, =K
2a + 3b − 5c 2b + 3c − 5a 2c + 3a − 5b
= =
⇒ log x + log y + log z = k ( 2a + 3b − 5c + 2b + 3c − 5a + 2c + 3a − 5b )

⇒ log x + log y + log z = 0 ⇒ log ( xyz ) = 0 ⇒ xyz = 1.
log x log y log z
77. Ans. (c), Given = k (say)
1 2 5
= =
As 4 log x + 3log y − 2 log z = k ( 4 + 6 − 10 ) = 0 ⇒ log ( x 4 y 3 z −2 ) = 0 ⇒ x 4 y 3 z −2 = 1

log 2 a log 3 b log 4 c
78. Ans. (d) Given = λ (say)
2 3 4
= =
⇒ a = 2 2 λ , b = 33λ , c = 44 λ
Hence a1/ 2b1/ 3c1/ 4 = 24
⇒ 2λ × 3λ × 4λ = 24 ⇒ 2λ × 3λ × 4λ = 2 × 3 × 4 ⇒ λ =1
Hence, a = 2 2 = 4, b = 33 = 27 and c = 4 4 = 256
79. Ans. (d), Since, a, b, c are three consecutive positive integers.
∴ b = a + 1, c = a + 2 and 2b = a + c
Now, log (1 + ca ) = log {1 + ( a + 2 ) a} = log ( a + 1) = 2 log ( a + 1) = 2 log b
2
log a x log x ab
80. Ans. (d) We have, = log a ab = log a a + log a b = 1 + log a b
log ab x log x a
=
log a x
= 4 + k + log a b ⇒ 1 + log a b = 4 + k + log a b ⇒ 1= 4+k ⇒ k = −3
log ab x
∴
81. Ans. (a) We have, x = log a bc, y = log b ca, z = log c ab

⇒ x + 1 = log a bc + log a a, y + 1 = log b ca + log b b, z + 1 = log c ab + log c c
⇒ x + 1 = log a abc, y + 1 = log b abc, z + 1 = log c abc
1 1 1 1 1 1
= log abc a + log abc b + log abc c ⇒ = log abc abc = 1
x +1 y +1 z +1 x +1 y +1 z +1
⇒ + + + +
1 1 1 1 n ( n + 1)
82. Ans. (c) We have, + ... +
log 2 a log 4 a log8 a log 2n a
+ + =
λ
n ( n + 1)
⇒ log a 2 + log a 22 + log a 23 + ... + log a 2 n =
λ
n ( n + 1)
⇒ log a 2 + 2 log a 2 + 3log a 2 + ... + n log a 2 =
λ
n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1) n ( n + 1)
⇒ (1 + 2 + ... + n ) log a 2 = log a 2 =
2
⇒
λ λ
1 1
log a 2 = ⇒ λ = 2 log 2 a = log 2 a 2
2
⇒
λ
83. Ans. (c) We have, log x a × log a y × log y z = log x y × log y z = log x z
log x a×log a y×log y z
∴x = x log x z = z
log a log b log c
84. Ans. (b) Given ⇒ = = = λ (say)
b−c c − a a −b
⇒ a = 10 λ ( b −c )
, b = 10 λ (c−a )
, c = 10λ ( a −b ) ⇒ a a bb c c = 10λ a( b −c )+ λb( c − a ) + λ c( c −b ) = 100 = 1
85. Ans. (c) We have, log 2 4 − 5 x > 2
⇒ 4 − 5 x > 22 ⇒ 4 − 5 x > 4 ⇒ 4 − 5 x < −4 or, 4 − 5 x > 4
8
or, x < 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 8 / 5, ∞ )
5
⇒ x>
86. Ans. (c) We have, 5log a x + 5 x log a 5 = 3

⇒ x log a 5 + 5 x log a 5 = 3 ∵ x loga y = y log a x 
1
⇒ 6 ⋅ x log a 5 = 3 ⇒ x log a 5 = ⇒ x = ( 2 −1 ) = 2 − log5 a
log5 a
2
87. Ans. (a)We have log sin x 2 tan x > 0 ⇒ 2 tan x < ( sin x ) ⇒ 2 tan x < 1
0
But, 2tan x < 1for any x ∈ ( 0, π / 2 ) .

Hence, the given inequation has no solution.
88. Ans. (b) We have, 2 > x+5
log 2 ( x −1)
⇒ 2 2log 2 ( x −1) > x + 5 ⇒ ( x − 1) > x + 5 ⇒ x 2 − 3 x − 4 > 0 ⇒ ( x − 4 )( x + 1) > 0

2
⇒ x < −1 or x > 4
⇒ x>4 ∵ log
 2
( x − 1) is defined for ( x − 1) > 0 
⇒ x ∈ ( 4, ∞ )
89. Ans. (c) We have, 3log 3 − x = log 3 x 2
⇒ log 3 − x = log 3 x 2 ⇒ − x = x 2 x − 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0, x = ±1
3 3 3 2
⇒ x = x2 ⇒ x (
But, the equation is not meaningful for x = 0. Therefore, x = ±1.
90. Ans. (d) We have, 1 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) ,
⇒ log 5 5 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) ⇒ 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ x 2 + 4 x + 1 ⇒ 4x2 − 4x + 4 ≥ 0
⇒ x 2 − x + 1 ≥ 0, which is true for all x ∈ R.

Also, log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) is defined for x 2 + 4 x + 1 > 0 i.e. x ∈ −∞, − 2 − 3 ∪ −2 + 3, ∞
( ) ( )
Hence the solution set of the given inequation is −∞, − 2 − ( 3 ) ∪ ( −2 + 3, ∞ )
1 1 1
91. Ans. (c) We have,
log log log
+ +
bc
abc ca
abc ab
abc
= log abc bc + log abc ca + log abc ab = log abc abc = 1.

92. Ans. (c) Given log1/ 3 ( 2 x + 2 − 4 x ) ≥ −2
1
−2
⇒ ( 2x+2 − 4x ) ≤   ⇒ 2 x + 2 − ( 2 x ) + 9 ≥ 0, which is clearly true for all x ∈ R.

2
3
Now, log1/ 3 ( 2 x + 2 − 4 x ) is defined, if
2x+2 − 4x > 0
⇒ 4 ( 2x ) − ( 2x ) > 0 ⇒ 2x ( 4 − 2x ) > 0 ⇒ 4 − 2x > 0 ⇒ 2x < 4 ⇒ x<2 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, 2 )
2
th
) 13
Hence, the solution set is ( −∞, 2 ) .
93. Ans. (c) We have, log e x + log e
x + log 3 e x + ... + log10 e x
= (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 10 ) log e x = 55log e x = log e x55 ∴ e

log e x + log x + log 3 x +...+ log10 x55
e e e
= x55
1 1 1 1
94. Ans. (c) We have, + ... +
log 2 x log 3 x log 4 x log198 x
+ +
= log x 2 + log x 3 + log x 4 + ... + log x 198 = log x 2 × 3 × 4 × ... ×198 = log x 198! = log x x = 1
95. Ans. (b) If x 2 − 6 x + 12 > 0 Then log1/ 2 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) is defined
But x 2 − 6 x + 12 > 0 for all x

Now, log1/ 2 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) ≥ −2
1
−2
⇒ x − 6 x + 12 ≤  
2
⇒ x2 − 6x + 8 ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 2 )( x − 4 ) ≤ 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ 2, 4]
2
96. Ans. (c) Given log 0.04 ( x − 1) ≥ log 0.2 ( x − 1)
1
⇒ log ( 0.2 )2 ( x − 1) ≥ log 0.2 ( x − 1) ⇒ log 0.2 ( x − 1) ≥ log 0.2 ( x − 1) ⇒ log 0.2 ( x − 1) ≥ 2 log 0.2 ( x − 1)
2
⇒ log 0.2 ( x − 1) ≤ 0 ⇒ ( x − 1) ≥ ( 0.2 ) ⇒ x≥2 ⇒ x ∈ [ 2, ∞ ) .
0
97. Ans. (b) Given log a x × log 5 a = log x 5

1 1
⇒ log 5 x = log x 5 ⇒ log 5 x = ⇒ ( log 5 x ) = 1 ⇒ log 5 x = ±1 ⇒ x = 5±1 ⇒ x = 5,
2
log 5 x 5
98. Ans. (b) Clearly, log 0.5 sin x and log 0.5 cos x are defined if x ∈ ( 0, π / 2 ) .
Now, log 0.5 sin x = 1 − log 0.5 cos x
⇒ log 0.5 sin x + log 0.5 cos x = 1 ⇒ log 0.5 ( sin x cos x ) = 1
3π
⇒ ( sin x cos x ) = ( 0.5 ) ⇒ sin 2 x = 1 ,−
1 π
4 4
⇒ x=
99. Ans. (d) We have, 9 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1

log3 ( log 2 x ) 2
⇒ 32 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1 ⇒ 3 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1

log3 ( log 2 x ) 2 log3 ( log 2 x )
2
2
⇒ ( log 2 x ) = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1 ⇒ 2 ( log 2 x ) − log 2 x − 1 = 0 ⇒ ( 2 log 2 x + 1)( log 2 x − 1) = 0

2 2 2
1
⇒ log 2 x = − , log 2 x = 1 ⇒ x = 2−1/ 2 , 2
2
100. Ans. (a) The given equation is meaningful, if x > 0 and x ≠ 1.
Now, x =4
log x
2x
⇒ x 2log x 2 x = 4 ⇒ x log x 4 x =4
⇒ 4x2 = 4 ⇒ x = ±1
2
But, x > 0 and x ≠ 1 . Hence, the given equation has no solution.

101. Ans. (b) Let x = ( 0.2 ) . ⇒ log10 x = 25 log10 0.2
25
⇒ log10 x = 25 ( log10 2 − 1) ⇒ log10 x = 25 × 0.30103 − 25 = −18 + 0.52575 = 18 ⋅ 52575

Hence, there are 17 zeros immediately after the decimal point.
1999
102. Ans. (a), Given ∑ log x
x =1
n
= log n 1 + log n 2 + log n 3 + ... + log n 1999 = log n (1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3......1999 ) = log n 1999! = log n n = 1
103. Ans. (a) As log a x is a decreasing function for all a ∈ ( 0, 1) ,
∴ x < y ⇒ log a x > log a y
104. Ans. (b) When x > 1, we have
log x 10 > logπ π > log x e > log x 2 [∵ 10 > π > e > 2]
1 1 1 1
⇒ log10 x < logπ x < log e x < log 2 x
log10 x logπ x log e x log 2 x
⇒ > > >
105. Ans. (b) We have, log a x3 × log b y 3 × log c z 3

3 3 3 27
= log y 2 x 3 × log z 2 y 3 × log x2 z 3 = log y x × log z y × log x z = ( log y x × log z y × log x z )
2 2 2 8
27
∵ log y x × log z y = log z x 
8
=
In the above solution, we are using log b a × log c b = log c a. So,

Statement-2 is not the correct explanation for statement-1.
106. Ans. (a) We have, log x 2 × log 2 x 2 = log 4 x 2
1 1 1 1 1
log 2 x log 2 2 x log 2 4 x log 2 x (1 + log 2 x ) ( 2 + log 2 x )
⇒ × = ⇒ =
⇒ ( log 2 x ) = 2 ⇒ log 2 x = ± 2 ⇒ x = 2 2 , 2−
2 2
Hence, the solution set is 2− 2 , 2 { 2

}
107. Ans. (c), We have, x = log 0.1 0.001 and y = log 9 81
⇒ x = log 0.1 ( 0.1) and y = log 9 9 2 ⇒ x = 3 and y = 2

3
x −2 y = 3−2 2 = 2 −1 = 2 −1
2
∴ ( )
108. Ans. (b), We have, log 3 a × log a x = 4 ⇒ log 3 x = 4 ⇒ x = 34 = 81
109. Ans. (c), We have, 5x = ( 0.5) = 1000

y
1 1
⇒ x = log 5 100 and y = log 0.5 1000 ⇒ − = log1000 5 − log1000 0.5
x y
1 1  5 
− = log1000   = log1000 10 = log103 10 =
1
 0.5  3
⇒
x y
110. Ans. (d), We have, 9a 2 + 4b 2 = 18ab
⇒ 9a 2 + 12ab + 4b 2 = 30ab ⇒ ( 3a + 2b ) = 30ab
2
1
⇒ 2 log ( 3a + 2b ) = log ( 5a × 3b × 2 ) ⇒ log ( 3a + 2b ) = {log 5a + log 3b + log 2}
2
 1  1  1 1 
111. Ans. (c), We have, log 5  1 +  + log5  1 +  + log5  1 +  + ... + log5  1 +

 5  6  7  624 

th
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 15
6 7 8 625   625 
= log 5  × × × ..... ×  = log 5   = log5 5 = 3
3
 5 6 7 624   5 
1 1
112. Ans. (c), We have, log ( x − y ) − log 5 − log x − log y = 0
2 2
2 2
⇒ 2 log ( x − y ) − 2 log5 − log x − log y = 0 ⇒ =1 ⇒  = 25

(x − y)  x− y
25xy  xy 
 
2
 = 25 ⇒ + − 2 = 25 ⇒ + = 27
 x y x y x y
⇒  −
 y x y x y x

113. Ans. (b), We have, 2log10 3 3
= 3k log10 2
⇒ 3 3 = 3k log10 2 ∵ x loga y = y loga x 
log10 2
( )
3
⇒ 32 = 3k log10 2 ⇒ k =
log10 2 3
2
6
114. Ans. (a), We have, log 5 64 = log 5 26 = 6log 5 2 =
6
log 2 5  10 
=
log 2  
 2
6 6 6 6 × 0.3010 1.8060 1806 602
log 2 10 − log 2 2 1 1 1 − 0.30310 0.699 699 233
= = = = = = =
−1 −1
log 2 0 ⋅ 3010
4 1 1 4 1 1
115. Ans. (c), We have, 3 log 4 9

+ 27 log 36 9
+ 81 log5 3
=3 log 2 3
+ 27 log 6 3
+ 81
log5 3
= 34log3 2 + 27 log3 6 + 81log3 5 = 3log3 16 + 33 + 34

log 3 6 log 3 5
( ) ( )
= 3log3 16 + ( 33 ) + ( 34 ) = 3log3 16 + 3log3 6 + 3log3 5 = 16 + 63 + 54 = 16 + 216 + 625 = 857
log3 6 log3 5 3 4
 log a 
log 
log a ( log b a ) log ( log b a ) log b log b  log b
116. Ans. (c), We have, 
log b ( log a b ) log a log ( log a b ) log a  log b 
= × = ×
log 
 log a 

log ( log a ) − log ( log b ) log b log b

= − log a b
log a log ( log b ) − log ( log a ) log a
= × =−
1 1 21 7 21
117. Ans. (a), log 2 x + log 2 x + log 2 x = log 2 x = ⇒ x=8
2 4 4 4 4
⇒
118. Ans. (a), We have, log 5 ( log5 ( log 2 x ) ) = 0
⇒ log 5 ( log 2 x ) = 5° ⇒ log 2 x = 5 ⇒ x = 25

119. Ans. (b), The given equation is meaningful if x − 1 > 0 and x − 3 > 0 ⇒ x > 3
Now, log 4 ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3)
1
log ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3) ⇒ log 2 ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3) ⇒ x − 1 = ( x − 3)
2 2
2
⇒
⇒ x 2 − 7 x + 10 = 0 ⇒ x = 5, 2 ⇒ x = 5 ( rejecting x = 2 ∵ x > 3)
Hence, the given equation has just one solution
1
120. Ans. (c), We have, y = 2 log x 8

⇒ y = 2log8 x
⇒ y = ( 2) = 2( = 2log2 x = x1/3 ⇒ y 3 = x
log 1/ 3) log 2 x 1/3
23
x
121. Ans. (a), We have, 32 x +1.4 x −1 = 36

22 x
⇒ 32 x +1 × 22 x − 2 = 36 ⇒ 3 × 32 x × = 36
4
⇒ ( 3 × 2 ) = 48 ⇒ 62 x = 48 ⇒ 36 x = 48 ⇒ x = log 36 48
2x
122. Ans. (d), We have, log x log 4 ( 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 ) = 0

{ }
⇒ log 4 log x
( (5x + 4 x ) ) = x
2 3 0
⇒ log x ( 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 ) = 41 ⇒ 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 = x 4 ⇒ x 2 ( x 2 − 4 x − 5) = 0
⇒ x 2 ( x − 5)( x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 5 [∵ x ≠ 0 and x > 0]

1 2
123. Ans. (d), We have, −2
log x 10 log a 10
=
 a2  a2
⇒ log10 x = 2 log10 a − 2 ⇒ log10 x = log10 a 2 − log10 100 ⇒ log10 x = log10 
 100  100
 ⇒ x =
124. Ans. (b), We have, log12 27 = a

3 3
⇒ log12 33 = a ⇒ 3log12 3 = a ⇒ = log 3 12 ⇒ = log 3 ( 2 2 × 3) = 2 log 3 2 + log 3 3
a a
3 3−a 2a
⇒ = 2 log 3 2 + 1 ⇒ = 2 log 3 2 ⇒ log 2 3 =
a a 3− a
4
Now, log 6 16 = log 6 2 4 = 4 log 6 2 =
log 2 6
4 4  3−a 
⇒ log 6 16 = ⇒ log 6 16 = 4 
log 2 3 + log 2 2 2a  3+ a 
=
+1

3− a
125. Ans. (c), We have, ( 4.2 ) = ( 0.42 ) = 100
x y
1 1
⇒ x = log 4.2 100 , and y = log 0.42 100 ⇒ = log100 4.2 and = log100 0.42
x y
1 1 1 1  4.2  1
− = log100 4.2 − log100 0.42 ⇒ − = log100   = log100 10 =
 0.42  2
⇒
x y x y
126. Ans. (a), We have, log 8 x = 2.5 and log 2 y = 5
⇒ x = (8 ) and y = 25 ⇒ x = 215/2 and y = 25 ⇒ x = y 3/2

5/2
127. Ans. (b), log e 2 × log x 27 = log10 8 × log e 10

⇒ log e 2 × 3log x 3 = 3log e 2 ⇒ log x 3 = 1 ⇒ x = 3
128. Ans. (a), We have, 3 + log5 x = 2 log 24 y
2
⇒ 3log5 5 + log5 x =log 5 y ⇒ log 5 ( x × 53 ) = log 5 y ⇒ 125 x = y ⇒ x =
y
2 125
log a log b log c
129. Ans. (b), We have, = λ (say)
3 4 5
= =
th
) 17
⇒ a = 10 , b = 10 and c = 105λ ⇒ b 2 = ac
3λ 4λ
130. Ans. (c), We have, 2 x × 32 x = 100

⇒ ( 2 × 9 ) = 100
x
⇒ x = log18 100 ⇒ x ∈ (1, 2 ) ∵181 = 18 Hence log18 18 = 1 and 182 = 324 Hence log18 324 = 2 
131. Ans. (b), ∵ 22 < 7 < 23 Hence 2 < log 2 7 < 3
Let log 2 7 be a rational number equal to , where m, n ∈ Z , n ≠ 0 then

m
n
7 = 2m /n ⇒ 7n = 2m
This is not possible as LHS is an odd natural number and RHS is an even natural number
1 3
3 3
132. Ans. (c), We have, 2 log3 x

⇒ 2 log3 x = 2 −6 ⇒ = −6
64 log 3 x
=
1 1
⇒ log 3 x = − ⇒ x = 3−1/2 =
2 3
133. Ans. (a), We have, log ( 2a − 3b ) = log a − log b
3b 2
⇒ log ( 2a − 3b ) = log   ⇒ 2a − 3b = ⇒ 2ab − 3b = a ⇒ a =
2
a a
b b 2b − 1
log 3 log 5 log 7
134. Ans. (c), We have, = = = λ (say)
x− y y−z z−x
⇒ log 3 = λ ( x − y ) , log 5 = λ ( y − z ) ,log 7 = λ ( z − x )
⇒ 3 = 10λ ( x − y ) , 5 = 10λ ( y − z ) , 7 = 10λ ( z − x ) ⇒ 3x + y.5 y + z.7 z + x = 10 = 10 = 1

λ x2 − y2 + y2 − z2 + z2 − x2
( )
1
1 1 1 1
135. Ans. (d), We have, + 2 + 3 + .....∞ = 3 =
3 3 3 1 2
1−
3
1 1 1 1
∴ log 2.5  + 2 + 3 + .....∞  = log 2.5 = log 2 / 5 −1 ( 2 ) = log ( 2/5) 2 = log 0.4 2
 −1
3 3 3  2 ( )
1 1 1
( 0.16 ) = ( 0.16 )
log 2.5  + 2 + 3 +.... ∞  log 0.4 2

∴ 3 3 3 
2 log 0.4 2
= ( 0.4 ) = ( 0.4 ) = ( 0.4 ) = 22 = 4
2 log0.4 2 log004 2 2
{ }
136. Ans. (b), The two sides of the equation are meaningful, if − x > 0 and x + 1 > 0 i.e. if x ∈ ( −1, 0 )
Now, log ( − x ) = 2 log ( x + 1)
−3 + 5 −3 − 5
⇒ − x = ( x + 1) ⇒ x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x =  rejecting x = ∵ x ∈ ( −1, 0 ) 
2  
2  1 
137. Ans. (a), We have, logπ ( log 2 ( log 7 x ) ) = 0
⇒ log 2 ( log7 x ) = π 0 ⇒ log 7 x = 21 ⇒ x = 72

138. Ans. (c), We have, log 4 2 + log 4 4 + log 4 16 + log 4 x = 6
46
⇒ log 4 ( 2 × 4 × 16 × x ) = 6 ⇒ log 4 (128 x ) = 6 ⇒ 128 x = 46 ⇒ x = = 32
128
139. Ans. (c), We have, ( log16 x ) − log16 x + log16 k = 0
2
1 ± 1 − 4 log16 k 1 ± 1 − log 2 k
⇒ log16 x = ⇒ log16 x =
2 2
If given equation has exactly one solution, then log 2 k = 1 ⇒ k = 2
140. Ans. (c), We have, 2 x × 9 2 x + 3 = 7 x +5
⇒ 2 x × 92 x × 93 = 7 x × 75 ⇒ log ( 2 x × 34 x × 36 ) = log ( 7 x × 75 )
⇒ x log 2 + 4 x log 3 + 6 log 3 = x log 7 + 5log 7 ⇒ x ( log 2 + 4 log 3 − log 7 ) = 5log 7 − 6 log 3
5log 7 − 6 log 3 5log 7 − 6log 3
log 2 + 4 log 3 − log 7 log162 − log 7
⇒ x= =
141. Ans. (d), We have, log 6 log 4 x + 4 + x = 0

{ }
⇒ log 4 ( x + 4 + x =1 ⇒ ) x + 4 + x = 41
x + 4 = 4 − x ⇒ x + 4 = 16 − 8 x + x ⇒ 2 x = 3 ⇒ x =
9
4
⇒
142. Ans. (c), We have, ( 2.3) = ( 0.23) = 1000

x y
⇒ 2.3 = 103/ x and 0.23 = 103/ y ⇒ 2.3 = 103/ x and 2.3 = 103/ y +1
3 3 3 3 1 1 1
⇒ log10 2.3 = and log10 2.3 = + 1 ⇒ − = 1 ⇒ − =
x y x y x y 3
1
143. Ans. (a), We have, 10 x −1 + 10− x −1 =
3
10
⇒ 10 x + 10− x = ⇒ 3 × (10 x ) − 10 (10 x ) + 3 = 0
2
3
1
⇒ 10 x = 3 or 10 x = ⇒ x = log10 3 or x = − log10 3
3
144. Ans. (b), We have, log 2 log 2 log3 ( log3 273 ) 
{ }
 
= log 2 log 2 log3 ( log3 39 )  = log 2 log 2 ( log 3 9 ) = log 2 [log 2 2] = log 2 1 = 0
{ }
 
145. Ans. (d), We have, 2 log8 a = x, log 2 ( 2a ) = y and y − x = 4
2 3
log 2 a = x and log 2 2 + log 2 a = y and y − x = 4 ⇒ 1 + x = y and y − x = 4 ⇒ x = 6
3 2
⇒
2 2
146. Ans. (b), We have, log10 x = y ∴ log103 x 2 = log10 x = y
3 3
147. Ans. (a), We have, log 3 x × log x ( 2 x ) × log 2 x y = log x x 2
⇒ log 3 y = 2 log x x ⇒ y = 32 = 9
1 1
148. Ans. (a), We have,
log 3 π log 4 π
+ >x
⇒ logπ 3 + logπ 4 > x ⇒ logπ 12 > x ⇒ π x < 12 ⇒ 2 < x < 3

Hence, the greatest integral value of x is 2
149. Ans. (b), log 3 x. x . 4 x . 8 x .16 x .....∞ = 4
( )
th
 1+ 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +.....∞ 
⇒ log 3  x 2 4 8 16  = 4 ⇒ log 3 ( x ) = 4
2
⇒ x 2 = 34 = 81
 
∴ x = ±9, ∵ x > 0 Hence x = 9
150. Ans. (b), By definition of log a x, x < 0 so that − x > 0 and also x + 1 > 0
−3 + 5 −3 − 5
The given equation is − x = ( x + 1) or x 2 + 3 x + 1 = 0 , ∴ x = ,
2
2 2
−3 + 5
Through both are −ve but only satisfies the other condition of x + 1 > 0.
2
Hence only one solution.
151. Ans. (d), ∵ 1 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) ⇒ log 5 5 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1)
⇒ log 5 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ log 5 ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) ⇒ 5 ( x 2 + 1) ≥ ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) ⇒ 5 ( x 2 + 1) − ( x 2 + 4 x + 1) > 0
⇒ 4 ( x 2 − x + 1) > 0 [ Remember that if log B A1 ≥ log B A2 then A1 ≥ A2 , iff B > 1]

Which is also true as its roots are imaginary i.e. D < 0 so that is sign is the same as of first term i.e. +ve.
Also both x 2 + 1 and x 2 + 4 x + 1 must be positive
The first is always true and x 2 + 4 x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x + 2 + 3 x + 2 − 3 > 0
( )( )
∴ x < −2 − 3 ⇒ x > −2 + 3
152. Ans. (c), By definition of log, we must have x + 1 > 0 , ∴ x + 1 = x + 1 …(1)
Also 3 + 2 x − x 2 > 0 ⇒ x 2 − 2 x − 3 < 0 ⇒ ( x − 3)( x + 1) < 0

∴ −1 < x < 3 ⇒ −1 < x < 0, x or 0 < x < 3 …(2)
Hence the given equation by (1) reduces to 3 + 2 x − x 2 = ( x − 3) x
log a ( n )
∴ a =n
Now x = − x if x is − ve, x = x when x is + ve
When −1 < x < 0 , then 3 + 2 x − x 2 = ( x − 3)( − x ) ⇒ 3 + 2 x − x 2 = − x 2 + 3 x , ∴ x = 3 ∉] − 1, 0[

1
When 0 < x < 3 , then by (2), 3 + 2 x − x 2 = ( x − 3) x = x 2 − 3 x
⇒ 2x2 − 5x − 3 = 0 , ∴ x = − , 3
2
These values do not lie in 0 < x < 3 ., Hence the equation has no solution.
7 7
153. Ans. (b), Here, given ⇒ 2 log 5 ( 3x − 5 ) = log 5 2 + log 5  3x −  ⇒ log 5 ( 3x − 5 ) = log 5 2  3x − 
 2 
 2  2
⇒ ( 3x − 5 ) = 2.3x − 7 ⇒ ( 3x ) − 10.3x + 25 = 2.3x − 7 ⇒ ( 3x ) − 12.3x + 32 = 0
2 2 2
⇒ ( 3x − 8 )( 3x − 4 ) = 0 ⇒ 3x = 8, 3x = 4
But 3x − 5 > 0 ⇒ only 3x > 5 ⇒ 3x = 8 will be taken correct

⇒ x = log 3 8 = log 3 23 = 3log 3 2 = log 3 3 2
154. Ans. (d), Here we require x + 3 > 0 and ( x + 3)( x + 5 ) > 0 ⇒ ( x > −3) and ( x < −5 or x > −3)
1
⇒ x > −3 Again, given log 7 ( x + 3)( x + 5 ) + log1/ 7 ( x + 3) ≤ log 7 11
2
1
⇒ log 7 ( x + 3)( x + 5 ) + log 7−1 ( x + 3) ≤ log 71 / 2 11 ⇒ log 7 ( x + 3)( x + 5) − log 7 ( x + 3) ≤ log 7 11
2
⇒ log 7 ( x + 5 ) ≤ log 7 11 ⇒ x + 5 ≤ 11 ⇒ x ≤ 6 . So, −3 < x ≤ 6
155. Ans. (d), x log5 x > 5 ⇒ log 5 x.log 5 x > log 5 5 (taking logarithm of both the sides with 5 as base)
⇒ ( log 5 x ) > 1 ⇒ ( log5 x + 1)( log 5 x − 1) > 0 ⇒ either log 5 x > 1 or log 5 x < −1
2
1
⇒ either x > 5 or 0 < x <
5
3
156. Ans. (a), For the given inequality to be defined we must have 2 x + 3 > 0 …… (i)
2
⇒ x>−
also log1/ 5 ( 2 x + 3) > log1/ 5 11 ⇒ 2 x + 3 < 11 ⇒ 2 x < 8 ⇒ x<4 …. (ii)

 3 
So, combining (i) and (ii) we the set of solutions is the interval  − , 4  .
 2 
1
157. Ans. (a), Given ⇒ log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) ≥ log 0.7 2 ( 2 − x ) = log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) ⇒ 2 log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) ≥ log 0.7 ( 2 − x )
( ) 2
 ∵ 0.7 < 1 and we know that when base <1
⇒ log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 2 − x ≤ ( 0.7 ) ° = 1 

 then after removing log sign of inequality changes 

⇒ x ≥1
Again, for log 0.7 ( 2 − x ) to be defined 2 − x > 0 i.e., x < 2 .
Hence x lies in the integral [1, 2 )
158. Ans. (b), log 5 ( log1/ 3 x ) + log1/ 5 ( log3 y ) = 1 ⇒ log 5 ( log1/ 3 x ) − log 5 ( log3 y ) = 1
 log x 
⇒  1/ 3  = 5 ⇒ − log 3 x = 5log 3 y ⇒ log 3 x = log 3 y −5 ⇒ x = y −5 ⇒ xy 5 = 1
 log 3 y 
1
2
159. Ans. (d), k ( k − 9 ) ≥ log 22 3 × log1/ 5 2 × log 3−1/ 2  

3 3
5
3 2 1
⇒ k ( k − 9) ≥ × 3× × log 2 3 × log1/ 5 2 × log 3 = −18 × log 2 3 × log 3 2 = −18
2 −1/ 2 5
⇒ k 2 − 9k + 18 ≥ 0 ⇒ ( k − 3)( k − 6 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ k ≥ 6 or k ≤ 3 ⇒ k ∈ ( −∞, 3] ∪ [ 6, ∞ ) .
160. Ans. (c), log 4 ( 3 − x ) is well defined when 3 − x > 0 i.e., x < 3 whereas log 4 ( x − 5 ) is well defined
when x − 5 > 0, i.e., x > 5 . Thus the equation has no solution.
161. Ans. (c), Given log x ( 2 x5 + x 4 − 10 x 3 + 8 x 2 ) = 5 and we know that for log to defined x > 0, x ≠ 1
Now from options 2 x + 3 = 5 or −5 or 3 ⇒ x = 1, − 4, 0 respectively which is not possible
Thus, none of (a), (b) and (d) is the correct answer.
From option (c) 2 x + 3 = 7 ⇒ x = 2 for the given equation
L.H.S.= log x ( 2 x5 + x 4 − 10 x3 + 8 x 2 ) = log 2 ( 64 + 16 − 80 + 32 ) = log 2 32 = log 2 25 = 5 = R.H.S
Hence x = 2 satisfies the given equation
3
a 1 1 1 1 4 1 17
162. Ans. (b), Here, log ab = log ab a − log ab b = log ab a − (1 − log ab a ) = − (1 − 4 ) =
b 3 2 3 2 3 2 6
1000
163. Ans. (a), 7 − log7 0.125 = ( 0.125 ) = = 8 . ∴ log 2 7 − log7 0.125 = log 2 8 = log 2 23 = 3
−1
125
( )
th
1
1
164. Ans. (d), log 2 log 2 2 = log 2 log 2 216 = log 2 = log 2 2−4 = −4
16
165. Ans. (d), Let x = 7 7 7..... to ∞ . Then x 2 = 7 7 7 7.....to ∞ = 7 x ⇒ x = 7 [∵ x ≠ 0]

1 1
∴ log 49 x = log 72 7 = log 7 7 =
2 2
166. Ans. (d), we know that 5loge x = x loge 5 , hence the given problem becomes 2.5loge x = 50
i.e., 5loge x = 52 i.e., log e x = 2 ⇒ x = e2
167. Ans. (a), As 1 < 5 < 11
Taking log11 1 < log11 5 < log11 11
0 < log11 5 < 1
3 3
Now, 0 < < 1; so log log11 5   > log log11 5 1 = 0 .
7 7
168. Ans. (c), given log 5 x ( log x 3 x.log3 x y ) = log x x3 = 3
⇒ log 5 x log x y = 3 ⇒ log 5 y = 3 ⇒ y = 125 .
169. Ans. (b), log10 0.0006172 = log10 ( 617.2 ×10 −6 ) = −6 + log10 617.2 = −6 + 2.7904 = −3.2096
170. Ans. (a),

1
( 3) 2 (
−4+ log ) = 3−1 , i.e., 1 −4 + log x = −1
5 x
( 25 )
log x
i.e., −4 + = −2, i.e., log x = 2 log 5 i.e., x = 5 .
log 5
log n log n 2 log n
171. Ans. (d), Here, log a n + log c n = 2 log b n ⇒ . Here every log is with base a
log a log c log b
+ =
log a + log c 2 2 log a log c log c 2

⇒ log a + log c = ⇒ log ac =
log a log c log b log b log b
=
⇒ log b log ac = log c 2 ⇒ log ( ac ) = log c 2 ⇒ ( ac )

log b log b log b
= c 2 ⇒ ( ac ) a = c2
1
172. Ans. (b), Here, 4 =4 =4 = ( x − 3) 3
log64 ( x −3) log ( x −3 ) 1/ 3
log4 ( x −3)
43
Again, 4log2 5 = 22log 2 5 = 2log 2 5 = 52 = 25 . ⇒ ( x − 3) ⋅ 25 = 50 ⇒ x − 3 = 8 ⇒ x = 11

2 1/ 3
173. Ans. (b), Using a log b = b log a we have x log 2 a + a log 2 x = a log 2 x + a log 2 x = 2a log 2 x = 2a 2
⇒ log 2 x = 2 ⇒ x=4
1 1 1
174. Ans. (a), log e 5 + log e2 5 + log e4 5 + ..... = + .....
log 5 e 2 log 5 e 4 log 5 e
+ +
1  1 1 1 1
 1 + + + .....  = = 2 log e 5 = log e 25 .

log 5 e  2 4  1 − 1 log 5 e
= ×
2
log a log b log c
175. Ans. (c), We have, = λ (say)
3 x + 4 y − 7 z 3 y + 4 z − 7 x 3z + 4 x − 7 y
= =
Then, log a = λ ( 3x + 4 y − 7 z ) , log b = λ ( 3 y + 4 z − 7 x ) , log c = λ ( 3z + 4 x − 7 y )
∴ log a + log b + log c = λ {( 3 x + 4 y − 7 z ) + ( 3 y + 4 z − 7 x ) + ( 3 z + 4 x − 7 y )}
Office.: 606 , 6th Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968 21
⇒ log abc = λ .0 = 0 ⇒ abc = e0 = 1
176. Ans. (c), The given equation is, x 2 − 3kx + 2e 2 log k − 1 = 0
i.e., x 2 − 3kx + 2k 2 − 1 = 0
Now, product of the roots = 7 ⇒ 2k 2 − 1 = 7 ⇒k =2 [Note that k > 0 ]
∴ Sum of the roots = 3k = 3 × 2 = 6 .
177. Ans. (a), m 2 + n 2 = 7mn ⇒ ( m 2 + n 2 + 2mn ) = 9mn ⇒ ( m + n ) = 9mn
2
1 1
2 2
⇒ log  ( m + n )  = log mn
 
3 3
⇒  ( m + n )  = mn
 
1 1  1
⇒ 2 log  ( m + n )  = log m + log n ⇒ log  ( m + n )  = ( log m + log n )

3  3  2
178. Ans. (c), log 70 4 = log 70 2 2 = 2 log 70 2
 70 
= 2 log 70   = 2 [log70 70 − log70 35] = 2 log 70 70 − ( log 70 5 + log 70 7 ) = 2 1 − ( m + n ) = 2 (1 − m − n )
 35 
log x log y log z
179. Ans. (a), We have, = λ (say)
3 4 5
= =
Then, log x = 3λ , log y = 4λ , log z = 5λ ⇒ log yz = aλ ⇒ log yz = 3log x

⇒ log yz = log x 3 ⇒ yz = x 3
1 1 1
180. Ans. (b) log pk k , log qk k , log rk k are in H.P. , , are in A.P.
log pk k log qk k log rk k
⇒
⇒ log k pk , log k qk , log k rk are in A.P.

⇒ 2 log k qk = log k pk + log k rk ⇒ log k ( qk ) = log k {( pk )( rk )}
2
⇒ p, q, r are in G.P.
2
⇒ ( qk ) = ( pk )( rk ) ⇒ q 2 = pr
181. Ans. (c), If possible, let log 2 7 be a rational number.
Then, log 2 7 = where q ≠ 0 and p, q ∈ 1 ⇒ ( 2 ) = 7

p p/q
q
⇒ 2 p = 7 q which is not possible as 2 is even and 7 is odd.
This is a contradiction to our assumption that log 2 7 is a rational number.
Hence, log 2 7 is an irrational number.
182. Ans. (c), We have, = λ (say) (as x, y, z ≠ 1 Hence λ ≠ 0 )
4 5 3k
= =
Then, log 7 x = 4λ , log 7 y = 5λ , log 7 z = 3k λ ∴ x = 7 4λ , y = 75λ , z = 7 3k λ
Now, x 3 y −6 z 2 = 1 ⇒ ( 7 4λ ) ( 75λ ) (7 ) =1 ⇒ 712λ −30λ +6k λ = 1 = 7 0

3 −6 3k λ 2
⇒ (12 − 30 + 6k ) λ = 0 ⇒ −18 + 6k = 0 ⇒ k =3 [∵ λ ≠ 0]
183. Ans. (c), We have, log 2 3 + log 2 12 = log 2 ( 3 × 12 ) = log 2 36 = log 2 62 = 2 log 2 6
Thus, log 2 3, log 2 6 and log 2 12 are in A.P.
1 1 1
, and are in H.P. ⇒ log 3 2, log 6 2 and log12 2 are H.P.
log 2 3 log 2 6 log 2 12
∴
22 Office.: 606 , 6 Floor, Hariom Tower, Circular Road, Ranchi-1, Ph.: 0651-2562523, 9835508812, 8507613968
th
( ) 23
184. Ans. (b), a = b = c z = d w (given)
x y
Now, a x = d w ⇒ log d a x = w ⇒ x log d a = w ⇒ log d a = …(i)

w
x
b y = d w ⇒ log d b y = w ⇒ y log d b = w ⇒ log d b = …(ii)

w
y
⇒ log d c z = w ⇒ z log d c = w ⇒ log d c = …(iii)

w
cz = d w
z
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get, log d a + log d b + log d c = + +

w w w
x y z
1 1 1
⇒ log d abc = w  + + 
x y z
185. Ans. (c), given a , b, c are in G.P. ⇒ b 2 = ac …(i)
Now, log x a + log x c = log x ( ac ) = log x ( b 2 ) = 2 log x b
1 1 1
Thus, log x a, log x b, log x c are in A.P. , , are in H.P.
log x a log x b log x c
⇒
⇒ log a x, log b x, log c x are in H.P.

log x log y log z
186. Ans. (a), Let = = =k
b−c c−a a−b
Then, log x = k ( b − c ) ⇒ x = e …(i) log y = k ( c − a ) ⇒ y = e k ( c −a ) …(ii)
k ( b−c )
log z = k ( a − b ) ⇒ z = e k ( a −b ) …(iii)
∴ x b + c . y c + a .z a +b = e { } . e . e
(b+ c )
{ }
(c+a)
{ }
k ( b −c ) k (c−a) k ( a −b ) ( a+b)
=e
k b2 −c 2
( ) .ek ( c2 −a2 ) .ek ( a2 −b2 ) = ekb2 −kc2 + kc2 −ka2 +ka2 −kb2 = e0 = 1
187. Ans. (b), given a = log5 6 ⇒ 6 = 5a …(i) b = log 4 5 ⇒ 5 = 4b …(ii)
From (i) and (ii) we get : 6 = 5a = ( 4 b ) = 4 ab = 2 2 ab ⇒ 2 × 3 = 22 ab ⇒ 3 = 2 2 ab−1

a
1
⇒ log 3 3 = log 3 22 ab−1 ⇒ = log 3 2
2ab − 1
188. Ans. (b), Let A = x log y −log z . y log z −log x . z log x −log y
Taking log on both sides we get, log A = log { x log y −log z . y log z −log x . z log x −log y }
= log x log y −log z + log y log z −log x + log z log x − log y

( ) ( ) ( )
= ( log y − log z )( log x ) + ( log z − log x )( log y ) + ( log x − log y )( log z ) = 0
⇒ A = e0 = 1
189. Ans. (c), Given, …(i)
2 3 5
= =
log p log q
Now, ⇒ 3log p = 2 log q
2 3
=
⇒ log p 3 = log q 2 ⇒ p3 = q2 …(ii)

log q − log r
and ⇒ 5log q = −3log r ⇒ log q5 = log r −3 ⇒ q 5 = r −3 ⇒ q 2 = r −3q −3 …(iii)
3 5
=
From (ii) and (iii), we get p 3 = r −3 q −3 [Each equal to q 2 ]
⇒ p 3q 3r 3 = 1 ⇒ ( pqr ) = 1 ⇒ pqr = 1
3

= k ⇒ log p + log q + log r = 2k + 3k − 5k ⇒ log pqr = 0 ⇒ pqr = 1
2 3 5
⇒ = =
190. Ans. (d), x, y , z are in G.P. ⇒ y 2 = xz …(i)

( log x − log 2 y ) , ( log 2 y − log 3z ) and ( log 3z − log x ) are in A.P.
⇒ 2 ( log 2 y − log 3z ) = ( log x − log 2 y ) + ( log 3z − log x ) ⇒ 3log 2 y = 3log 3z
3
⇒ log 2 y = log 3z ⇒ 2 y = 3z …(ii)
2
⇒ y= z
y2 9
From (i) and (ii), get, x =
z 4
= z
Now, if x, y , z are the lengths of the sides of a triangle (say side x is opposite angle A of the
3  9 
2 2
z  + z2 −  z 
2  4  = − 29 < 0
2 2 2
triangle), then, cos A =
y +z −x 
= 
2 yz 3  48
2 z (z)
2 
∴ ∠A is obtuse and so the triangle is obtuse angled. [∵ cos A = −ve]
x log b
191. Ans. (a), a x = b y ⇒ x log a = y log b = log a b …(i)
y log a
⇒ =
x log c
⇒ x log a = z log c = log a c …(ii)
z log a
a x = cz ⇒ =
x log d
a x = d w ⇒ x log a = w log d ⇒ = log a d …(iii)
w log a
=
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get, + + = log a b + log a c + log a d

x x x
y z w
1 1 1
⇒ x  + +  = log a ( bcd )
 y z w
Alternative
As given a x = b y = c z = d w Hence x log a a = y log a b = z log a c = w log a d
+ + = log a bcd
x x x
y z w
192. Ans. (b), Let A = ( xy ) . ( yz ) . ( zx )

log   log   log  
x  y z
 y z x
. ( yz ) . ( zx )
( log x −log y ) ( log y −log z ) ( log z −log x )
⇒ A = ( xy )
Taking log on both sides, we get,
log A = ( log x − log y ) log ( xy ) + ( log y − log z ) log ( yz ) + ( log z − log x ) log ( zx )
= ( log x − log y )( log x + log y ) + ( log y − log z )( log y + log z ) + ( log z − log x )( log z + log x )
= ( log x ) − ( log y ) + ( log y ) − ( log z ) + ( log z ) − ( log x ) }=0 ⇒ A = e0 = 1

2 2 2 2 2 2
{ } { } {
193. Ans. (c), We have, c 2 = a 2 + b 2 …(i)
th
[∵ a, b, c are sides of a right angled triangle and c is the hypotenuse]
 log c +b a + log c −b a  1  1 1 
Now, 
 2log c +b a × log c −b a  2  log c −b a log c +b a 
=  + 
1 1 1
= {log a ( c − b ) + log a ( c + b )} = log a ( c 2 − b 2 ) = log a a 2 = log a a = 1
2 2 2
log m log n log p
194. Ans. (b), Given, 2 2
= 2 2
= 2 = k (say)
x + xy + y y + yz + z z + zx + x 2
k ( x3 − y3 )
Hence log m = k ( x + xy + y 2 2
) = (x − y) ⇒ ( x − y ) log m = k ( x 3 − y 3 )
⇒ log m ( x − y ) = kx 3 − ky 3 …(i)
3 3
⇒ m x − y = e kx −ky
Similarly, we have : n y − z = eky …(ii) and p z − x = ekz …(iii)
3
3
− kz 3 − kx 3
From (i), (ii) and (iii) we get : m x − y .n y − z . p z − x = ekx .e ky .e kz = e0 = 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
− ky − kz − kx − ky + ky − kz − kx
= e kx
1 1 1 1
 
195. Ans. (d), Let P = 6 + log 3  4− 4− 4− ..... 
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
 
 
1 1 1
Let x = 4 − 4− 4− ..... [Note x ≥ 0 ]
3 2 3 2 3 2
1 1 1 17
+ 16
1 1 3 2 18 3 2 3 2
− ± − ±
Then, x = 4 − ⇒ x2 + x−4=0
3 2 3 2 2 2
x ⇒x= =
−3 8 8 3
or x = [Neglecting x = − since x > 0 ]
2 3 2 3 2 2
⇒ x= ⇒x=
 1 8  4 3  3
−2
∴ P = 6 + log 3   = 6 + log 3  9  = 6 + log 3  2  = 6 − 2log 3  2  = 6 − 2 = 4

2 3 2 3 2
×
2   2   2  
3 5
196. Ans. (d), x = 2 . Taking log to the base 2, on both sides, we get,
( log2 x )2 + ( log2 x )−
4 4
3 5 3 5 1
 ( log 2 x ) + ( log 2 x ) −  ( log 2 x ) = log 2 2
2
⇒  y2 + y −  y =
4 4 4 4 2
where y = log 2 x
⇒ ( 3 y 2 + 4 y − 5) y = 2 ⇒ 3 y 3 + 4 y 2 − 5 y − 2 = 0 . Now, y = 1 satisfies this equation
∴ ( y − 1) is a factor of 3 y 3 + 4 y 2 − 5 y − 2
Hence 3 y 3 + 4 y 2 − 5 y − 2 = 0 ⇒ ( y − 1) ( 3 y 2 + 7 y + 2 ) = 0 ⇒ ( y − 1)( 3 y + 1)( y + 2 ) = 0
1
y = 1 or y = − or y = −2
3
1
⇒ log 2 x = 1 or log 2 x = − or log 2 x = −2
3
1
x = 2 or x = 2 or x = 2−2
3
Hence all the roots are real and one root 21/ 3 is irrational
Thus, the given equation has exactly three real solutions out of which exactly one is irrational namely x = 2 −1/3 .
1 43
1 43
197. Ans. (d), We know that = log n r ∑ log = ∑ log n r
log r n
⇒
r =2 n r =2
1
r
= log n 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4.....43 = log n 43! =

log 43! n
198. Ans. (d), 2 log10 x − log x 0.01 = 2 log10 x − log x 10−2 = 2 ( log10 x + log x 10 )
1  1
= 2  log10 x +  ≥ 2 × 2 = 4 ( ∴ we know that t + ≥ 2 if t is + ve )

 log10 x  t
199. Ans. (b), log 0.3 ( x − 1) = log 0.09 ( x − 1) ⇒ log 0.3 2 ( x − 1) < log 0.09 ( x − 1)
2 2
( )
⇒ ( x − 1) > x − 1 (since Here base < 1 ) ⇒ ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) > 0 ⇒ x > 2 since x − 1 > 0 .
2
Otherwise log ( x − 1) will be undefined

200. Ans. (b), We know that If logarithms of 3 numbers are in A.P. then the numbers must be in G.P.
7
(2 − 5) = 2  2x −  ⇒ ( 2 x ) − 12 ( 2 x ) + 32 = 0 ⇒ 2 x = 4, 8 ⇒ x = 2, 3
2  2
2
∴ x

But 2 x − 5 > 0 ⇒ x = 3 . Hence there is only one value of x
201. Ans. (b), log 4 ( x − 1) = log 2 ( x − 3) = log 22 ( x − 3) ⇒ x − 1 = ( x − 3)
2 2
⇒ x 2 − 7 x + 10 = 0 ⇒ x = 2, 5 . But x − 3 > 0 . otherwise log ( x − 3) will be undefined ∴ x = 5 .

202. Ans. (b), Taking the common base 9, the given information
⇒ log 9 9, log 9 ( 31− x + 2 ) , log 9 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) in A.P
2
Hence 9, 31− x + 2, 4 ⋅ 3x − 1 are in A.P

2
( )
Either ( 31− x + 2 ) = 9 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) ⇒ 31− x + 2 = 3 ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1) ⇒ 31− x + 2 = −3 ( 4 ⋅ 3x − 1)
2 2
3 3 1
+ 2 = 3 ( 4t − 1) where t = 3x ⇒ 12t 2 − 5t − 3 = 0 ⇒ t = , −
4 3
⇒
t
3 3
Or x + 2 = −12 ⋅ 3x + 3 ⇒ + 2 = −12t + 3 ⇒ 3 + 2t = −12t 2 + 3t ⇒ 12t 2 − t + 3 = 0
3 t
⇒ D = 1 − 4 × 36 < 0
Hence no solution
3 3
But, t > 0 . ∵ 3x is sure to be +ve. ∴ t = ⇒ x = log 3 = 1 − log 3 4 .
4 4
203. Ans. (a), ( x − 2 ) yz = xyz − 2 yz = {log 2 a a}{log 3a 2a}{log 4 a 3a} − 2 {log 3a 2a}{log 4 a 3a}
= log 4 a a − 2 log 4 a 2a = log 4 a a − log 4 a ( 2a ) = log 4 a  a / ( 2a )  = log 4 a [1/ 4a ] = −1
2 2
 
204. Ans. (c), As in all choices ab is present Hence first we find the value of ab
1 1 1
ab = log 4 5.log 5 6 = log 4 6 = log 2 6 = ( log 2 3 + log 2 2 ) = ( log 2 3 + 1) ⇒ log 2 3 = 2ab − 1
2 2 2
205. Ans. (c), Given ⇒ log 0.1 sin 2 x + log 0.1 sec x = log 0.1 3 ⇒ sin 2 x sec x = 3
3 π 2π
⇒ sin x = , . But cos x > 0 . ∴ x = .
π
2 3 3 3
⇒ x=
th
( ) 27
1 1 1
206. Ans. (d), As clearly + 2 + ..... + ∞ = ,
3 3 2
1
2 2 2 5
2log 2.5 0.5 log2.5 0.25 − log5 / 2 log5 / 2 4
4
Hence given = ( 0.16 ) =4
log 2.5 0.5
5 5 5 2

=  =  =  = 
89
nπ  44 nπ  89 45π 
207. Ans. (a), log tan log tan  + ∑ log  tan  + log  tan
   nπ  
180  n =1 180  n = 46 180  180 
∑
n =1


 ∑
= 
  

44
nπ  44
= ∑ log  tan  + ∑ log tan  −  + log1
  π nπ 
n =1  180  n =1  2 180 
44
nπ   44 nπ  44
= ∑ log  tan log cot log tan .cot  = ∑ log1 = 0 .
  nπ    nπ
180   180   n =1 180 180  n =1
 +   ∑
= 
n =1   
1 1
208. Ans. (c), = logπ 3 + logπ 4 = logπ 12
log 3 π log 4 π
+
Since, π 2 = 9.8596 (approx) < 12, so logπ 12 > logπ π 2 = 2
1 1
209. Ans. (b), As x ( log10 5 − 1) = x ( log10 5 − log10 10 ) = x log10   = log10   .
x
2 2
1 1
Hence, Given ⇒ x = x ⇒ 2x + x −1 = 2x ⇒ x = 1
2 + x −1 2
210. Ans. (a), Now, log10 33 = 33 log10 3 = 27. ( 0.47712 ) = 12.88224 .
3
∴ 33 = 1012.88224 . So the number of digits in 33 is 12 + 1 = 13 .

3 3
211. Ans. (b), Let log10 x = p .

1  1
Then 2 log10 x − log x 10−2 = 2 ( log10 x ) + 2log x 10 = 2  log10 x +  = 2 p + 
 
 log10 x   p
1 1
We know that p + ≥ 2 if p > 0 Hence 2  p +  ≥ 4 and given expression will become least when p = 1

p  p
∴ The required value of x is given by log10 x = 1, hence x = 10 .
1± (1 − 4 log16 λ )
212. Ans. (a), ∵ λ > 0 , ∴ log16 x =
2
1
The given equation will have exactly one solution, if 1 − 4 log16 λ = 0 ⇒ log16 λ = = 4 −1
4
∴ λ = (16 ) = 24 =2
4 −1 1/ 4
( )
λ = 2 Hence number of real values of λ = 1 .
1
213. Ans. (c) ∵ y = 2 log x 4
1
y=2 ⇒ y=2 ⇒ y=2 ⇒ y = 2log2
log log 2 x
log 4 x 22 2
⇒ y = x ⇒ y2 = x
x x
214. Ans. (d), ∵ log10 2, log10 ( 2 x + 1) , log10 ( 2 x + 3) are in AP.
Hence 2, 2 x + 1, 2 x + 3 are in GP
1
⇒ ( 2 x + 1) = 2 ( 2 x + 3) ⇒ 2 2 x = 5 ⇒ 2 x = log 2 5 ⇒ x = log 2 5
2
)
 1 
215. Ans. (c) A = log 2 log 2 log 4 ( 4 ) + 2 log 2 1/ 2 2 = log 2 log 2 4 + 2 
4
1/ 2 

= log 2 log 2 22 + 4 = log 2 2 + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5

216. Ans. (c), Let P = 340 ∴ log10 P = 40 log10 3 = 40 × 0.477 = 19.08
∴ Number of digits in 340 = 19 + 1 = 20 .
1 1 1
217. Ans. (b),
1 + log a bc 1 + log b ca 1 + log c ab
+ +
log a log b log c

=1
log a + log b + log c log a + log b + log c log a + log b + log c
= + +
218. Ans. (c), ( 4) + (9) = (10 )

log3 23 log 2 2 log x 83
3
⇒ (4) + 92 = (10 ) ⇒ (83) = (83) ∴ 1 = log x 10 ⇒ x = 10 .

1/2 log x 83 1 log x 10
219. Ans. (a) Given a x = b y = c z ⇒ x log a = y log b = z log c

log a log b
∴ and x, y, z are in GP ⇒ ⇒ log b a = log c b
y z
log b log c
= ⇒ =
x y
1 2 10
220. Ans. (c), log 8 b = 3 log 2 b = ⇒ log 2 b = 5 ⇒ b = 25 = 32
3 3 3
⇒
221. Ans. (a), Given 3log4 5 − 5log4 3 = 3log4 5 − 3log4 5 = 0

222. Ans. (a), Given x18 = y 21 = z 28 ⇒ 18log x = 21log y = 28log z
7 4 9
∴ log y x = , log z y = , log x z = ∴To check 3, 3log y x, 3log z y, 7 log x z
6 3 14
7 4 9 7 9
is same as checking 3, 3. , 3. , 7. or 3. , 4, which are clearly in A.P.
6 3 14 2 2
 a + b  ℓn ab
223. Ans. (d), Given ℓ n  = ℓn ab
 3  2
=
= ab ⇒ a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = 9ab ⇒ + 2 + = 9 + =7.

a+b a b a b
3
⇒ ∴
b a b a
224. Ans. (b), Given equation ⇒ x − 1 > 0 ⇒ x > 1 …(i)
5
and also 5 + 4 log3 ( x − 1) > 0 ⇒ 4 log3 ( x − 1) > −5 ⇒ log 3 ( x − 1) > −
4
⇒ x − 1 > 3−5/4 ⇒ x > 1 + 3−5/4 …(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x > 1 + 3 −5/4
∴ Given equation ⇒ 5 + 4 log3 ( x − 1) = 9 ⇒ 4 log3 ( x − 1) = 4

⇒ log3 ( x − 1) = 1 ⇒ x − 1 = 3 ⇒ x=4
225. Ans. (d), As we know that a log b = b log a Hence we get 2 x log4 3 + 3log4 x = 27 ⇒ 2.3log4 x + 3log4 x = 27
⇒ 3log4 x = 9 = 32 ⇒ log 4 x = 2 ⇒ x = 4 2 = 16
1 1
226. Ans. (c), Given 5 4 ≥ 5x 5 Taking logarithm on base 5, we get
(log x )
2
5 ( log5 x )
1 1 1
  ( log 5 x ) ≥ 1 + ( log 5 x )( log 5 x ) log52 x ≥ 1 ⇒ ( log5 x ) ≥ 20 ⇒ Either log5 x ≥ 2 5
2 2
4 5 20
⇒
th
Or log5 x ≤ −2 5 ⇒ x ≥ 52 5
or x ≤ 5−2 5 . But x > 0 . ∴ we get x ∈ 0, 5−2 5  ∪ 52 5 , ∞ . ( )
 
227. Ans. (a), Given log x 2 log 2 x 2 = log 4 x 2
∵ given equation ⇒ x > 0, 2 x > 0 and 4 x > 0 and x ≠ 1, 2 x ≠ 1, 4 x ≠ 1
1 1 1 1 1
⇒ x > 0 and x ≠ 1, , . Then, given equation ⇒ .
2 4 log 2 x log 2 2 x log 2 4 x
=
⇒ log 2 x.log 2 2 x = log 2 4 x ⇒ log 2 x. (1 + log 2 x ) = ( 2 + log 2 x ) ⇒ ( log 2 x ) = 2 ⇒ log 2 x = ± 2

2
⇒ x = 2± 2
∴ x ∈ 2− 2 , 2
{ 2
}
228. Ans. (a), As ( 81) = ( 81) = 34log3 5 = 3log3 5 = 54 = 625
1/ log 5 3 log 3 5 4
And 25log5 36 = 52log5 6 = 54log5 6 = 64 = 1296

2
( 3) = 34log9 7 = 3 = 32log3 7 = 3log3 7 = 7 2 = 49

4 / log 7 9 4log 2 7 2
3
∴ Value of given expression = 1970 .

1
4
229. Ans. (a), Given information ⇒ λ = log 4 ( 0.25 ) + log 2 ( 0.0625 ) = log 4 4 ( ) −1
+ log 2   = −1 − 4 = −5
2
∴ −1250λ = −1250 × ( −5) = 6250 .
 1 
230. Ans. (b), a = log8 128 − log9 ( cot π / 3) = log 23 ( 2 ) − log 32 
7
 3

7 1 7 1 31
= log 23 ( 2 ) + log32 31/ 2 = log 2 2 + log 3 3 = + =
7
3
( )
2× 2 3 4 12
31
∴ 1212a = 1212 × = 101× 31 = 3131 .
12
1
1
231. Ans. (a), Given information ⇒ a = log0.75 log 2 0.125 = log ( 3/4 ) log 2 ( 0.125) = log 3 log 2  
−1/4 4
−
−2
4 8
= log ( 3/4 ) log 2 ( 2 ) = log 3/4 ( 3 / 4 ) = 1
3/4
3 −4 3 5
and b = log 0.01 1000 + log 0.1 0.0001 = log10−2 (10 ) + log10−1 (10 ) = − + =− +4=
3 −4
2 −1 2 2
5
⇒ (125 ) + 620b = 125 + 620 × = 125 + 1550 = 1675
2
a
 1+1+1  7/8 7
232. Ans. (a), Given λ = log x2  x x x  = log x2  x 2 4 8  = log x2 ( x 7/8 ) =
 
2 16
=
   
7
∴ 3216λ = 3216 × = 201× 7 = 1407
16
1
log5  
233. Ans. (a), Given 49 A + 5B = 7 2 A + 5B = 7 2− 2log7 2 + 5− log5 4 = 7 +5
2( log7 7 −log7 2 ) 4
 7  1 50
1 7 1 2
2
log5   log 7   log5  
=7 2log 7 ( 7/2 )
+5 4
=7 2
+5 4
= 12.5
2 4 4
=  + =
1 1 2
234. Ans. (a), Given = log x a + log x c = log x ( ac ) = log x b 2 = 2 log x b = ( )
log a x log c x log b x
+
1 1
⋰2 ⋰2
9998 9897
235. Ans. (b), Given log 2 log3 ...log100 100 = log 2 log 3 ...log99 99
2 1 1
.2
= log 2 log 3 ...log 98 98 = log 2 log 3 ...log 97 97 …..
..
97. 96.
= log 2 log 3 32 = log 2 21 = log 2 2 = 1

1
log 2
236. Ans. (a), Given a = log 7 2 = …(i)
log 7
log 28 log ( 2 × 7 ) 2 log 2 + log 7 log 2 1 1

2
∴ log 49 28 = [From Eq. (i)]

log 49 log ( 7 ) 2 log 7 log 7 2 2
= 2
= = + =a+
( 2a + 1)
2
=
1 1 1 2 1 2a + 1
Alternatively : log 49 28 = log 72 ( 7 × 4 ) = log 7 7 + log 7 2 2 = + a = + a =
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
237. Ans. (a), ∵ ( 81) log5 9 = ( 81) = 92log9 5 = 9log9 5 = 52 = 25
log9 5 2
 3 
3 =3 =3 ( 6) =6 6
 log 3  log 3
3
3
( 6)
 
6  3log 3 6

=
2
7 ( 7) = (7) = 25
2log 7 25 log7 25
log 25 7
( ) =
and (125 ) = 53log25 6 = 5log25 216 = 5log5 = 216 = 6 6

log 25 6 216
∴ The required value is

( 25 + 6 6 )( 25 − 6 6 ) = 625 − 216 = 409 = 1
409 409 409
1 n ( n + 1)
238. Ans. (a), ∵ ∑ = ∑ log a 3r = ( log a 3) ∑ r = log a 3
n n n
r =1 log 3r ( a ) r =1 r =1 2
1
log 17
log 8 17 log 23 17 3 2 2 log 17
239. Ans. (a), ∵ = . 2
log 9 23 log 32 23 1 log 23 3 log 3 23
= =
2
3
log 2 2 17 log 23/2 17 2 log 2 17 log8 17 log 2 2 17

and = . =0
log 3 23 log 3 23 3 log 3 23 log 9 23 log 3 23
= ∴ −
log a b
240. Ans. (a), ∵ x = ( log a b ) = = log a b × log b a
( log a b )
⇒ x = ( log a b ) y ⇒ x = y log a b ⇒ x = log a b y ⇒ ax = by ∴ ax − by = 0
log 3 log 3
241. Ans. (a), ∵ log a 3 = 2 =2 ⇒ log a =
log a 2
⇒
log 8 log 8 log b log 2 log 4

and log b 8 = 3 =3 ⇒ log b = = log 2 . ∴ log a b = = log 3 4
log b 3 log a log 3 log 3
⇒ = =
2
Alternatively : log a 3 = 2 ⇒ 3 = a2 ⇒ a = 31/ 2
and log b 8 = 3 ⇒ 8 = b3 ⇒ b = 2 ∴ log a b = log 31/ 2 2 = 2 log 3 2 = log 3 4
th
242. Ans. (a), Let a 2 − 1 = λ , then

log a ( λ ) . log a−1 λ
2
( log a λ )( − log a λ )
2
( ) = log a λ = loga 2
− 1)
( log a λ )( log a λ )
(a
( log )( log
2 1/ 3
=
a 2 λ a1/ 3 λ )
243. Ans. (a), ∵ 1 + log 2 ( x − 1) = log ( x −1) 22 = 2 log ( x −1) 2 for given equation to be defined x − 1 > 0 and
x − 1 ≠ 1 ∴ x > 1 and x ≠ 2
and let log 2 ( x − 1) = λ
2
Then, Given ⇒ 1 + λ = ⇒ λ 2 + λ − 2 = 0 ⇒ ( λ + 2 )( λ − 1) = 0
λ
5
∴ λ = −2, 1 ⇒ log 2 ( x − 1) = −2, 1 ⇒ x − 1 = 2 −2 , 21 ⇒ x = 1+ , 1+ 2 ∴ x = , 3
1
4 4
244. Ans. (b), For given equation to be defined x − 2 > 0, x > 0 and x ≠ 1 Hence we get x > 2
Now given x =9 =9
log ( x −2 ) log ( x −2)
x1 / 2
x
⇒x
1
=9 =9 =9 ⇒ ( x − 2) = 9 ⇒ x − 2 = ±3
log x ( x − 2 ) 2 log x ( x − 2 ) log x ( x − 2 )
2
2
⇒ x 1/2 ⇒ x ⇒x
∴ x = 2±3 ⇒ x = 5, − 1 ∴ x = 5 [∵ x > 2]
 10 
1 10
10
 23  3 
245. Ans. (d), ∵ log 8 b = 3 = ∴ b = 8 = 2  = 25 = 32
 
3
3 3  
( )
log e 625 log e 16
246. Ans. (a), Given log e 2.log b 625 = log10 16.log e 10 ⇒ log e 2 × × log e 10 = log e 16
log e b log e 10
=
4 log e 5
⇒ log e 2 × = 4 log e 2 ⇒ log e b = log e 5 ∴ b=5
log e b
log 5 16 log 5 16 9
247. Ans. (a), 2 − = 2− = 2 − log 81 16 = 2 − log 3 2 = log 3 9 − log 3 2 = log 3
2 log 5 9 log 5 81 2
3
 1  9 2 2 2
log 3 9 / 2 log 3 9 / 2 9 2 −3/ 2 3/ 2
 −3  log3  
= 3 2  =3
−
Now,   2
.
 27  2 9 27
 =  =  =
 
248. Ans. (d), ab = log105 7.log 7 5 = log105 5
1 1 1 1
Now log 35 105 =
log105 35 log105 5 + log105 7 ab + a a ( b + 1)
= = =
249. Ans. (a), log 5 ( 24 × 5 ) + ( x − 3) − 2 log 5 1 − 5 x −3 = − log 5 0.2 − 5 x − 4 ( ) ( )

 x − 4 1 x −3 
⇒ log 5 24 + 1 + ( x − 3) − 2 log 5 1 − 5 x −3 = − log 5 0.2 1 − 5 x −3 ( ) { ( )} 5 = 5 ⋅ 5 
⇒ log 5 24 + x − 2 − 2 log 5 (1 − 5 x −3 ) = − log 5 ( 0.2 ) − log 5 (1 − 5 x −3 )
 1 − 5x −3 
⇒ log 5 24 + x − 2 − log5 (1 − 5 x −3 ) = 1 ⇒ log5   = ( x − 3)
 24 
1 − 5x −3
= 5 x −3 ⇒ 1 = 25.5x −3 log 5 ( 0.2 ) = log 9 5−1 = −1
24
⇒
⇒ 1 = 5x −1 ⇒ x −1 = 0 ⇒ x =1
)
2 x > 0
250. Ans. (b), This equation is equivalent to the system 
( 2 x ) = 7 x − 2 − 2 x
2 2
x > 0  x = 1/ 2
. ∴ Number of solutions = 2.
6 x − 7 x + 2 = 0 x = 2 / 3
⇒  2 ⇒ 
3x 2 + x − 2 > 0
251. Ans. (d), This equation is equivalent to the system  2
3x + x − 2 = ( 3x − 2 )
3
( x − 2 / 3 )( x + 1) > 0  x > 2 / 3 or x < −1

2 13 . ∴ No root.

( x − 2 / 3 ) 9 x − 13 x + 3 = 0 ,
⇒  2
⇒ 
( )  x =
3
x =
9
7
252. Ans. (c), Put log 5 x = t in the given equation, we get t 2 + t + 1 =
t −1
7 (t 3
− 1) − 7
⇒ t2 + t + 1 − =0 = 0; t 3 = 8, t ≠ 1 ∴ t = 2
t −1 t −1
⇒
⇒ log5 x = 2 ⇒ x = 5 = 25
2
t 2 − 3t + 3 t 2 − 3t + 3 t 2 − 4t + 4
253. Ans. (a), Put ln x = t , then <1 ⇒ −1< 0 <0
t −1 t −1 t −1
⇒
(t − 2)
2
<0 ⇒ t −1< 0 ⇒ t < 1 ⇒ ln x < 1

( t − 1)
⇒
⇒ x < e but x > 0 ∴ 0 < x < e ⇒ x ∈ ( 0, e ) .
254. Ans. (b), Let P = 2 log100 x 2 − log x ( 0.01) = 2 log10 x + 2 log x 10 ≥ 2 ( 2 log10 x )( 2 log x 10 ) = 4 ∴ p≥4
⇒ least value of P is 4.
2
255. Ans. (b), a + b = 7 ab = 9ab ⇒ 

2 2 2  a+b  a+b
 3   3 
⇒ ( a + b)  = ab ⇒   = ab
⇒ log   = log ab .
 a+b
 3 
1
256. Ans. (b), Let P = log 2 x − log x ( 0.125 ) = log 2 x − log x   = log 2 x + 3log x 2......(i )
8
log 2 x + 3log x 2
∵ we know that A.M . ≥ G.M . ∴ ≥ ( log 2 x )( 3log x 2 ) = 3
2
Hence ≥ 3 ( from ( i ) ) ∴ P ≥ 2 3 ⇒ log 2 x − log x ( 0.125 ) ≥ 2 3
P
2
∴ The least value of log 2 x ( 0.125 ) is 2 3
257. Ans. (c), Let x be rational number, then using choices we get, x = 50 × log10 x By trial x = 100.
 a1/ 3b −1/ 3c −2 / 3  1 2 1 1
258. Ans. (c), log a  −1/ 6 −2 / 6 −4 / 6  + log a b ÷ log a b = log a ( a1/ 2 ) + log a b × log b a
a b c  2 1/ 2 2 4
1 1 5
2 8 8
= + =
1
259. Ans. (d), log 5 sin x + log 5 cos x = 1 ⇒ log 5 ( sin x cos x ) = −1 or sin x cos x = 5−1 = ...... ( i )
5
th
log 5  
λ
log 5 λ − 1  5  = log  λ  ∴ sin x + cos x = λ ..... ii
also log 5 ( sin x + cos x ) =
2 2 5 5
= 5   ( )
1 λ
Squaring both sides sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 2sin x cos x = ⇒ 1+ 2  = ..... ( from ( i ) )
λ
5 5 5
7 λ
= ∴λ = 7
5 5
⇒
 10 
260. Ans. (d), Let P = 5200 ∴ log10 P = 200 log10 5 = 200 log10   = 200 ( log10 10 − log10 2 )
 2
= 200 (1 − 0.3010 ) = 200 × 0.6990 = 139.6 ∴ Number of digits in P = 139 + 1 = 140
261. Ans. (c), log 3 300 = log 3 (3× 2 2

× 52 ) = log 3 3 + 2 log 3 2 + 2 log 3 5
= 2 log 3 3 + 2b + 2a ∵ log 3 5 = a and log 3 2 = b = 2 ( a + b + 1)

( )
262. Ans. (b)
(a) log 3 x log y 3log 2 y = 5
⇒ log 2 y ⋅ log y 3 ⋅ log 3 x = 5 ⇒ log 2 x = 5 ⇒ x = 25 = 32
(b) put log 2 x = t
t [t − 4] + 4 = 0 ∴ ( t − 2 ) = 0 ∴ t = log 2 x = 2 ∴ x = 22 = 4
2
(c) Make the common base 4

x2 + x
log 4 = log 4 x = 2 [∵ x + 1 ≠ 0]
x +1
⇒ x = 24 = 16
(d) From the given relation, we have a = y1− loga x = z1−loga y
∴ log a a = (1 − log a x ) log a y = (1 − log a y ) log a z
1 1
⇒ log a y (1 − log a x ) = 1 and log a z (1 − log a y ) = 1 ⇒ log a y = and log a z =
1 − log a x 1 − log a y
1
Now, log a z =
1 − log a y
1 1 − log a x 1 1
= log a x
1 − log a x 1 − log a z 1 + 1 − log a x
= = ∴ =
1−
1 − log a x log a x
1
1
log a x = ⇒ x = a 1−loga z
1 − log a z
263. Ans. (b), x [ log10 10 − log10 3] + log10 3 = log10 ( 2 + 3x ) + x
(1 − x ) log10 3 = log10 ( 2 + 3x ) ⇒ 31− x = 2 + 3x

3
⇒ = 2 + t ⇒ t 2 + 2t − 3 = 0 where t = 3x ⇒ ( t + 3)( t − 1) = 0 ⇒ t = 3x = −3, 1
t
∴ 3x = 1 = 30 ⇒ x = 0 .
264. Ans (b), We have, log 3 y = x and log 2 z = x ⇒ y = 3x and z = 2 x
∴ 72 x = ( 2 3 × 3 ) = (2 ) (3 )
x 3 x 2 3 2
2 x
= ( z ) ( y ) = y2z3
265. Ans (b), We have, 6 x = 7 x + 4

4 log 7 4 log 7 4c
⇒ x log 6 = ( x + 4 ) log 7 ⇒ x =
log 6 − log 7 log 2 + log 3 − log 7 a + b − c
= =
266. Ans (d), We have, log 4 5 = x and log5 6 = y
⇒ 5 = 4 x and 6 = 5 y ⇒ 6 = ( 4 x ) ⇒ 6 = 4 xy
y
1
1
⇒ 2×3 = 2 ⇒ 3=2 2 xy −1
⇒ 3 2 xy −1
= 2 ⇒ log 3 2 =
2 xy − 1
xy
 x+2 x+2
267. Ans (a), Note that log 0.2   is meaningful, if > 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ ( 0, ∞ )
 x  x
 x+2
Now, log 0.2   ≤1
 x 
x+2 x+2 1 x+2 1
≥ ( 0.2 ) ⇒ − ≥0
1
5 5
⇒ ≥ ⇒
x x x
4 x + 10 2x + 5
≥0 ⇒ ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, − 5 / 2] ∪ ( 0, ∞ )
5x
⇒
x
log a log b log c
268. Ans (b), we have, = λ (say)
3 4 5
= =
Now supposing any number say 10 as base we get a = 103λ , b = 104λ and c = 105λ ⇒ b 2 = ac
269. Ans (b), We have, x 2log10 x = 100 x
⇒ 2 log10 x = log x 1000 x ⇒ 2 log10 x = log x 103 + log x x
⇒ 2 log10 x = 3log x 10 + 1 ⇒ 2 y 2 − y − 3 = 0 where y = log10 x
3
⇒ ( 2 y − 3)( y + 1) = 0 ⇒ y = , −1
2
3
⇒ log10 x = , − 1 ⇒ x = 103/2 , 10−1 ⇒ x = 10 10, 10 −1
2
270. Ans (c), We have, log10 5 = x
 10 
⇒ log10   = x ⇒ log10 10 − log10 2 = x ⇒ 1 − log10 2 = x ⇒ log10 2 = 1 − x
 2
Now, log 5 1250 = log 5 54 × 2 = 4 log5 5 + log5 2 = 4 + log5 2
1 1 1 1 1 − x 1 + 3x 1
=4+ =4+ =4+ =4+ =4+ = 3+
log 2 5 10 log 2 10 − log 2 2 1
=
log −1
2 1− x
x x x
1
 1  1
 x +  log10 25
271. Ans (a), We have, 5 =2 ⇒ 5log2 = 2log5 ⇒ 3 x 2 = 2 x + 1 ⇒ x = 1, −
3 x 2 log10 2 3 x2 2 x + 
 2  2
( ) ( ) 3
1 1
272. Ans (b), We have, log ( x + y ) = log 2 + log x + log y
2 2
⇒ log ( x + y ) = log ( 4 xy ) ⇒ ( x + y ) = 4 xy ⇒ ( x − y ) = 0 ⇒ x = y
2 2 2
1
273. x 2 + y 2 = 7 xy ⇒ ( x + y ) 2 = 9 xy ⇒ ( ( x + y )) 2 = xy
3
th
) 35
1
Taking logarithm of both the sides, we have 2 log ( x + y ) = log x + log y
3
1 1
⇒ log ( x + y ) = ( log x + log y )
3 2
274. Ans. (a), Given, x 2 + y 2 = 5 xy …(i)
Adding 2xy on both sides of (i), we get, x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy = 7 xy
⇒ ( x + y ) = 7 xy ⇒ x + y = 7 xy …(ii)
2
And on subtracting 2xy from both sides of (i), we get, x 2 + y 2 − 2 xy = 3xy

⇒ ( x − y ) = 3xy ⇒ x − y = 3xy …(iii)
2
7 xy 7  7 7 1 7
1/ 2
Dividing (ii) by (iii), we get, ⇒ log   = log   = log   = log  

x+ y  x+ y
3 xy 3  3 3 2 3
= =
x− y  x− y 
275. Ans. (c)
1 −1
(a) Given log a m = x, then log1/ a = log a−1 m −1 = log a m = x
m −1
1 
(b) log  log ab a +  = log ( log ab a + log ab b ) = log ( log ab ab ) = log (1) = 0

 logb ab 
(c) log a n log b n + log b log c n + log c n log a n
1 1 1
log n a log n b log n b log n c log n c log a
= + +
log n c + log n a + log n b log n ( abc ) log a n log b n log c n

≠1
log n a log n b log n c log n a log n b log n c log abc n
= = =
276. Ans. (a, c), As ( log b a.log c b )( log d c.log a d ) = log c a ⋅ log d c ⋅ log a d = log d a ⋅ log a d = 1 .
Hence value of given expression is 0
log 2 x log 2 y log 2 z 3log 2 x + 2 log 2 y + log 2 z log 2 ( x y z ) 0
3 2
277. Ans. (a, d),

4 6 3k 12 + 12 + 3k 24 + 3k 24 + 3k
= = = = =
∴ 24 + 3k = 0, then k = −8 .
1
278. Ans. (c, d) 3loga x + 3. x loga 3 = 2 ⇒ 3loga x + 3.3loga x = 2 ⇒ 4.3loga x = 2 ⇒ 3loga x =  
2
⇒ log a x = − log 3 2 = ( 2 −1 ) = 2− log3 a

log3 2−1 log3 a
⇒ x = a − log3 2 = a
( )
 log 2  log 2  log 2

279. Ans. (d), (b), 
 log x  log x /16  log ( x / 64 )
 =
Take log x = y, log 2 = a
Then a  log  = ( log x )  log  ⇒ a ( y − 6 log 2 ) = y ( y − 4log 2 )

 x   x
 64   16 
⇒ a ( y − 6a ) = y ( y − 4 a ) ⇒ y 2 − 5 ya + 6a 2 = 0
⇒ y = 2a or 3a = 2 log 2 or 3log 2 ⇒ log x = log 4 or log 8 ⇒ x = 4 or 8
log x log ( 9 x )
280. Ans. (a), (d), Given log 3 x = 1 + log x 9 = log x x + log x 9 = log x ( 9 x ) .
log 3 log x
⇒ =
Take log x = y, log 3 = a . Then y 2 = a ( 2 log 3 + y ) ⇒ y 2 = 2a 2 + ay
⇒ y 2 − ay − 2a 2 = 0 ⇒ ( y − 2a )( y + a ) = 0 ⇒ y = 2 a, − a
1
⇒ log x = 2 log 3 or − log 3 ∴ x = 9 or
3
281. Ans. (b), (d), Given 2 log 9 x + 9 log x 3 = 10 . Take log 3 x = y
2 9
Then 2 log 32 x + 9 log x 3 = 10 y + = 10 ⇒ y 2 − 10 y + 9 = 0
2
⇒
y
⇒ ( y − 9 )( y − 1) = 0 ⇒ y = 1 or 9 ⇒ log 3 x = 1 or 9 ⇒ x = 31 or 39
282. Ans. (a), (b), (c),
(a) As log 2 3 > 1, (∵ we know that log a
b > 1 if a > b )
and log (1/ 3) 5 = − log 3 5 . Hence, negative. ∵ log 2 3 is greater.
(b) Both are equal
 1  −2 1
L.H.S = log (1/16)   = log 2−4 5−2 = log 2 5 = log 2 5
 25  −4 2
1
R.H.S = log 4 5 = log 22 5 = log 2 5
2
(c) log 2 3 < log 2 4 = log 2 22 = 2 ⇒ log 2 3 < 2
and log 3 11 > log 3 9 = log 3 32 = 2 ⇒ log 3 11 > 2
Hence log 3 11 is greater.
283. Ans. (False) Using the formula elog x = x we get elog( log 7 ) = log 7
284. Ans. (True)
log n ab log n a + log n b log n b
L.H.S. = = 1+ = 1 + log a b
log n a log n a log n a
=
285. Ans. (False)

log 2 x ( x − 1) = 1 ⇒ x ( x − 1) = 2 ⇒ x = 2 or − 1
log 2 x + log 2 ( x − 1) = 1 ⇒ log 2 x ( x − 1) = 1 ⇒ x ( x − 1) = 2 ⇒ x = 2 or − 1
Note that the first is valid for both values but second is valid only for x = 2.
286. Ans. x = −4.
From given equation 98 + x3 − x 2 − 12 x + 36 = 100
⇒ x 3 − x 2 − 12 x + 32 = 0 ⇒ ( x + 4 ) ( x 2 − 5 x + 8 ) = 0 ⇒ x = −4
287. Ans. x = a −1/ 2 a −4 / 3

2 1 3
As 2 log x a + log ax a + 3log a2 x a =
log a x log a x + 1 log a x + 2
+ +
Hence supposing log a x = t

2 1 3
We get from the given equation = =0
t t +1 t + 2
+ +
⇒ 2 ( t + 1)( t + 2 ) + t ( t + 2 ) + 3t ( t + 1) ⇒ 6t 2 + 11t + 4 = 0
th
−11 ± 121 − 96 −11 ± 5 1 4

= − ,−
12 12 2 3
t= =
1 4
⇒ log 2 x = − , − ⇒ x = a −1/ 2 , a −4/ 3
2 3
2 5 1
288. If log 2 x = t , then  t 2 + t −  =
3 4  2t
Or 4t 3 + 4t 2 − 5t − 3 = 0 Or ( t − 1)( 2t + 3)( 2t + 1) = 0
3 1 3 1 3 1
⇒ t = 1, − , − ⇒ log 2 x = 1, log 2 x = − , log 2 x = − ⇒ x = 2 or x = 2 or x = 2 2
− −
2 2 2 2
289. Ans. x = 4.
log 5 { ( x + 5) + x = 7° = 1
}
⇒ ( x + 5) + x=5 or ( x + 5) = 5 − x
⇒ x + 5 = 25 + x − 10 x ⇒ 2= x ⇒ x = 4.
290. Ans. log ab x
1 1
.
log a log b 1 1
L.H.S. = Here log is with base x = = log ab x
1 1 log log log
=
+
log a log b
+ a b x ab
Assertion Reason Type

logπ 2 + log 2 π
291. Ans. (d), ∵ AM > GM ∴ ( logπ 2 )( log 2 π )
2
>
logπ 2 + log 2 π
> 1 ⇒ logπ 2 + log 2 π > 2
2
⇒
1
292. Ans. (a), Let p = log2 x − log x ( 0.125) = log 2 x − log x   = log 2 x + log x (8 )
8
= log 2 x + 3log x 2 ≥ 2 ( log 2 x )( 3log x 2 ) = 2 3 [∵ AM > GM ]
∴ p ≥ 2 3 ∴ The least value of p is 2 3 .
293. Ans. (c), log e log5 ( ( 2 x − 2 ) + 3) = 0 ⇒ log 5 ( ( 2 x − 2 ) + 3) = e0 = 1

⇒ log5 ( ( 2 x − 2 ) + 3) = 1 ⇒ ( 2 x − 2 ) + 3 = 51 ⇒ (2x − 2) = 2 or 2 x − 2 = 4 ⇒ x=3
294. Ans. (b), ∵ 8log a x 3.logb y 3.log c z 3 = p ( say ) ⇒ 8.log x2 x3 .log y 2 y 3 .log z 2 z 3 = p (say)
3 3 3
∴ p = 8. .log x x. log y y. log z z = 27
2 2 2
295. Ans. (d), x =9 ⇒ (1 − x ) = 9, x > 0, x ≠ 1 ⇒ x = 4, − 2
2
log x (1− x ) 2
Rejecting x = −2 as base of any log cannot be −ve ∴ x = 4

296. Ans. (b), log 1 ( 5 + x ) = log( 2
3+ x 2 (15 + x ) ⇒ − log ( 2+ x ) ( 5 + x 2 ) = log 3+ x 2 15 + x
( )
) ( )
2+ x
∵ LHS < 0 and RHS > 0 . Hence, no solution.

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JEE (MAIN & ADV.

), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

(a) a (b) a 2 (c) a 3 (d) a 4

10. Value of x satisfying the inequation x log10 x

(a) ( 0, 2 ) (b) ( 2, 9 ) (c) ( 0, 9 ) (d) none of these

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) none of these

30. If 2 log ( x + 1) − log ( x 2 − 1) = log 2, then x =

(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 9

(a) xy (b) yz (c) 3x (d) none of these

(a) –1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

49. The value of a logb a

(a) 1 (b) rq (c) r q / r (d) r r / q

(a) −2 (b) ( −4 ) (c) 2 (d) None of these

(a) xyz (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0

(a) 49 (b) 625 (c) 216 (d) 890

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) log x xyz

(a) {−2, 4} (b) {4} (c) {0, − 2, 4} (d) none of these

68. Sum of the roots of the equation 9 = log 2 x − ( log 2 x ) + 1 is equal to

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) −1

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) −1

(a) 2 (b) 10 (c) 1 (d) 0

(a) a = 24 (b) b = 81 (c) c = 64 (d) c = 256

(a) log b (b) log   (c) log ( 2b ) (d) 2 log b

(a) x (b) y (c) z (d) a

(a) a b b c c a = 1 (b) a a bb c c = 1 (c) a

(a) ( −∞, − 1) ∪ ( 4, ∞ ) (b) ( 4, ∞ ) (c) ( −1, 4 ) (d) none of these

(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) infinitely many (c) 3

(a) 0 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 1 (d) 2

93. The value of e is

(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 198

(a) ( −∞, 2] (b) [ 2, 4] (c) [ 4, ∞ ) (d) none of these

(a) 1 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many

( Given log10 2 = 0.30103)

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) 1999

(a) 3 − 2 2 (b) 3−2 (c) 2 −1 (d) 2 −2

115. The value of 3log4 9 + 27 log36 9 + 81log5 3 , is

122. If log x log 4 log x ( 5 x 2 + 4 x 3 )

(a) y 3/2 (b) 2 y (c) y (d)

(a) 2b (b) b 2 (c) 8b (d) 4b

(a) ( 0, 3) (b) (1, 3) (c) (1, 2 ) (c) ( 0, 2 )

(a) 0.16 (b) 1 (c) 0.4 (d) 4

(a) 7 2 (b) π 2 (c) 2 2 (d) none of these

with real coefficients will have exactly one solution, is

144. The value of log 2 log 2 log3 ( log3 273 )  is

147. If log 3 x × log x ( 2 x ) × log 2 x y = log x x 2 , then y equals

(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

164. The value of log 2 log 2 2 is :

165. The value of log 49 7 7 7......to ∞ is :

(a) n 2 (b) a 2 (c) b 2 (d) c 2

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) a 2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6

(a) p + q − r = 1 (b) p + q + r = 1 (c) par = 1 (d) None of these

(a) log a ( bcd ) (b) log a  (c) log a ( ab + bc + cd ) (d) log e 

192. If x, y , z are three positive real numbers, then ( xy ) . ( yz ) . ( zx ) is equal to :

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) log ( xyz ) (d) log ( x + y + z )

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)

(a) log n 43! (b) log 43 n ! (c) log 43! n (d)

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) –1 (d) none of these

(a) π (b) 2 (c) greater than 2 (d) less than 2

exactly one solution is