GRAMMAR NOTES

PLURAL NOUN

In general the plural of a noun is formed by adding -S to the  I have three boxes in my bedroom.
noun.

Singular Plural 2. When the noun ends in a VOWEL + Y, we add -S to the noun.
car cars
Singular Plural
house houses
boy boys
book books
holiday holidays
bird birds
key keys
pencil pencils
guy guys

However:
3. When the noun ends in a CONSONANT + Y, we remove Y and
1. When the noun ends in SS, SH, CH or X, we add -ES to the
add -IES to the noun.
noun.
Singular Plural
Singular Plural
party parties
kiss kisses
lady ladies
wish wishes
story stories
match matches
nanny nannies
box boxes
city cities
fox foxes

 I have a box in my bedroom.

4. If the noun ends in F or FE, we remove the F/FE and add -VES child children
to the noun.
foot feet
Singular Plural tooth teeth
life lives goose geese
leaf leaves mouse mice
thief thieves
 There is a child in the park.
wife wives  There are many children in the park.

5. If the noun ends in IS, we change it to ES. 7. There are some nouns in English that are the same in the
singular and the plural.
Singular Plural
analysis analyses Singular Plural

basis bases fish fish

crisis crises sheep sheep
deer deer
moose moose
6. There are a number of nouns that don't follow these rules.
They are irregular and you need to learn them individually aircraft aircraft
because they don't normally have an S on the end.
 I can see a sheep in the field.
Singular Plural  I can see ten sheep in the field.
Sometimes you will hear the word fishes (especially in songs)
man men
though it is grammatically incorrect.
woman women