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Two emerging award-winning Chinese ceramic artists, Zheng Yukui and Song Xiaoling, are
showing their latest creations for the first time in Singapore as part of their solo – Narratives
of the East < 东方情趣 >. Held at Mulan Gallery from 8 Oct – 9 Nov 2010, the exhibition will
showcase a total of 20 original works by the couple. The collection comprises of several
series, each inspired by the sights and sounds of both the living present and the imagined
past. These works are part of a growing body of contemporary works that have gained
increasing attention in the Chinese contemporary art market in recent years.
Narratives of the East is the artists’ first overseas solo exhibition. For this show, the artists
have continued past themes of play and nostalgia. Their characters, which consist of
palace ladies from the Tang Dynasty and performers from the everyday opera stage, all
form part of a larger narrative – a light-hearted attempt to re-tell familiar tales and to
introduce new characters that have become part of the everyday rural and urban landscape
within China. Shanghai Ladies for example illustrate how the women of Shanghai have
themselves become an icon for the modern and the fashionable to a particular generation.
For this exhibition, the artists continued to develop their works using clay. The use of clay
remains prevalent throughout the artists’ career and plays a significant role in shaping the
artists’ aesthetic practice. The textual materiality and versatility of clay enables the artists
to evoke a sense of rustic charm unique to their characters while capturing the quirky and
the whimsical of each character-sculpture. To keep with the theme, Narratives of the East,
the artists will continue their signature trait of ceramic modeling, unglazed with painted-on
motifs in white only.
Zheng and Song, a successful husband and wife team, graduated from the Shandong
Academy of Light Industry and Fine Arts and are now based in Beijing; their creations were
recently shown at the inaugural Exhibition of Pottery Collections at the National Art Museum
of China entitled China Impetus – Chinese International Sculpture Exhibition 2009. They
have exhibited regularly beginning in 1996 including at prestigious events across in Beijing
and Macao, and have won numerous awards including Gold Prizes at the China Art Fair
and Capital Art Fair in 2000.
Image credit: i. Shanghai Ladies, ii. Ride a Cockhorse III, iii.Beijing Opera Characters.
Renowned oil painter Xing Qing Xin will be the focus of a one-
man show here in Singapore from October 10th – 24th. Mr.
Xing will be in attendance during the show, allowing guests
to meet the artist personally. The show will showcase close
to 40 pieces of recent works of Mr. Xing, with various themes
ranging from landscapes to flowers. Mr. Xing works in the oil
on canvas medium.
Hailing from Dali County, Xi’an Province, China, artist Xing Qin
Artist Xing Qing Xin: Xin is known for his loving portrayals of the rural countryside.
10.10.10 – 24.10.10 / ArtCommune Gallery /
Specializing in landscapes and flowers, regionally acclaimed
www.indigoblueart.com
writer Fan Chao describes Mr. Xing’s work as ‘paintings that
make the tired soul happy.’ Mr. Xing was born in 1968 and
graduated from Xi’An academy of fine arts. His father was a
professor at the Xi’An Academy of arts, and his brother is a
famous Chinese ink painter.
journey through
artists who have had an enduring impact
on Indian Art. This exhibition explores the
crucial period between 1900s – 1980s of
an aesthetic and an identity through time concerns through their own language of the
has become a pertinent topic of focus for In 1943, the overhanging gloom of avant garde.
some. While some Indian artists of pre- widespread famine and social and political Throughout history, Indian art has tried
independence were concerned with political upheaval prompted a group of young artists to negotiate the space between external
issues, many others were involved with to a new form of expression and artistic influences and internal questions of identity.
formal issues. sensibility. Forming the Calcutta Group, Before independence, the influences of
these artists rejected the lyricism and the eastern cultures from Japan spread through
The Bengal School period (1900-21) saw romanticism depicted in the works of the the Bengal School while after independence;
one of the first stirrings of the roots of Indian earlier Bengali artists and subverted against western concepts such as cubism and
Modernism. This school of painting was the archetypal portrayal of the idyllic rural abstraction were brought to India. Today, in
triggered by an upsurge of nationalist fervour, landscape. For the first time in Modern the quest to create contemporary Indian Art,
as well as a reaction against the academic Indian Art, the style that emerged was one some artists seek to revive the spirituality
art styles previously promoted in India by that evoked anguish and trauma. During and cultural authenticity of India; some
external influences. The Bengal School, led this phase of history, artists expressed question the influx of mass production
by Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), was socio-political and cultural issues through a and Westernisation. Some look towards
motivated by the philosophy of swadeshi subversive manner that reflected the urban the sublime spirituality of subjects drawn
(self sufficiency) and emphasised the situation they were experiencing. primarily from Indian religious literature,
importance of bhava (emotive expression) while others take inspiration from Indian
in a pictorial language that reflected a By 1947, a group of artists decided that Diaspora subjects. However, as technology
modern yet “Indian style” which deliberately art in India had to be liberalised and was progresses, the permutations are endless;
Kalighat Nawab, c. 1900 Pigment and dye on paper
40.6 x 30.5 cm deviated from western elements. To achieve determined to break free from India’s past to the blurring of design and art, the
this “Indian-ness”, Abanindranath used form an Indian avant-garde movement. India installations and digital works created by a
indigenous materials such as tempera and was now free from the yolk of colonialism, younger generation of artists have all added
looked to ancient murals and medieval and these artists wished to escape the a new dimension to Indian contemporary
Indian miniatures for inspiration. stultifying constraints that shackled them art, a seemingly nebulous concept that is
both culturally and artistically. This group, constantly changing and growing.
The Bengal School movement gave rise The Progressive Artists Group looked
to an experimentation of artistic ideas to towards the contemporary international While it is an ambitious task to present a
counter colonial structures, and the 1920s art scene for exposure to develop their historical survey of the expansive repertoire
saw the emergence of an important artist individual styles. The advent of this new of Indian Art, the exhibition tries to explore
Jamini Roy, who drew inspiration from the group revealed new avenues for emerging aspects of Indian art through the lens of
Abanindranath Tagore Birds, Watercolour wash on paper
16.5 x 25.4cm folk and tribal traditions. Roy adopted the artists from all over India to create new history, trying to understand the legacy
use of simplified forms, bold lines and a forms of expression, describing the Indian and the phenomenon of ‘Indian-ness’ and
specific palette of seven colours and opted reality in the rich diversity of post-colonial the consequences of the quests of the
for the inexpensive canvases of home-spun India. Apart from other cities in India, this masters, which play an important role in
cloth. Roy’s deliberate use of indigenous phenomenon was seen both in Calcutta the contemporary aesthetics of the global
forms and medium marked a new phase in and Bombay, and both these centres held Indian art.
the history of Modern Indian Art. joint exhibitions sharing ethos, styles and
Peter Liew
Heritage
at Art Expo Malaysia 2010
Imagining
Antholika
Text: Vidhya Gnana Gouresan
around the globe. However, let us drift our furious), vira (the heroic), bhayanaka (the of contemplation for a maiden, relishing a the impulsive connotation will be that
focus away from the facts and figures, and terrible), bibhatsa (the odious), adbhuta lovely, quiet moment on the swing in her the maiden is hopelessly yearning for
enter a magical realm – the realm of the (the marvelous that denotes wonderment), garden. The neutral expression on her her lover, who is never punctual for their
highly-potent human imagination. This, we and shanta (the quiescent). In the singular face is very much on parlance with the discreet, passion-filled, romantic meetings
shall do with the help of the Rasa Theory, sense, rasa is indeed the ‘taste’ that one very essence of the expression of shanta. in the garden; meetings during which
a significant notion in Indian aesthetics receives from an artwork. To experience The swing on which she is seated defeats the utterance of sweet nothings and the
that was enunciated by Bharatamuni in his rasa, is to feel a deep enjoyment that its purpose of inducing movement, as caressing of lips are inevitable. Shringara
Natya shastra (an authoritative treatise on is due to, and because of an artwork. indicated by the suggestion of an almost never seizes to lead one to the pinnacle of
dance and drama) in around 2000 BC. We Utsaha or emotive energy is inherent in static element in the position of her legs. imagination.
are about to examine the significance and the artwork, as much as it is in the viewer. As an addition to the mood of shanta, it
subjectivity of the viewer’s imagination of It is an exchange of this energy between is significant to note that the title of the The Power of Imagination
the narrative, within the framework of the the artwork and the viewer that brings sculpture, Antholika, is the name of a At this juncture, it is significant to address
Rasa Theory in relation to the dichotomy about the rasa experience. This emotive, raga (a specific scale of musical notes in the paramount role that imagination plays
of the secular and the knowledge-specific aesthetic experience, which is different the genre of classical Indian music). This in the making of meaning(s) via the narrative
appreciation of visual art in the modern for every viewer, enables the viewer to particular raga is commonly utilised to possibilities that the sculpture provides.
context. This, we are pursuing through communicate with and appreciate an compose music that creates the effect of a The sculpture allows the viewer to derive
the analysis of one artwork – Antholika, artwork. In other words, the Rasa Theory soothing lullaby. What more can we ask for at a number of narrative dimensions
a bronze sculpture by Vidyasankar is indeed reception-centred; viewer- to relish the quiescent? and meanings that include as well as
Sthapathy. Born in Srirangam (Tamil Nadu) centred. In his book entitled Essence of go beyond the symbolic implications
in 1938, Vidyasankar Sthapathy is a prolific Indian Art, B.N. Goswamy explains in a Now, let us delve into the narrative that only the structural elements of the
sculptor who won the Indian National concise manner: possibility under the adbhuta point-of- sculpture can offer the viewer on a visually
Award in 1993. He is respected as the view for the sculpture. A close study of immediate basis. The structural elements
father of modern sheet metal sculpture in That rasa is what art is all about may not the details on the tree that holds the swing trigger; act as a catalyst; pave way for the
South India. Vidyasankar was trained in symbolises a world of fellow species. The indispensable occurrence of imagination,
be specifically stated in so many words by
the arts at the Government College of Arts portrayal of various creatures on the tree, on the viewer’s part, within the narrative
& Crafts in Chennai, which is indeed the everyone, but in a very real sense it is what a such as the snake and the squirrel, creates respect. This imagination forms the basis of
oldest art institution in India, having had viewer is looking for in a work of art. a lively ambience for an otherwise passive the making of meaning and in determining
been established in 1850. scenario. A sense of awe in relation to the the predominant sentiment of an artwork,
The Analysis wonders of nature and the co-existence within each narrative scenario that it
The Rasa Theory Antholika, the bronze sculpture by of all species on Mother Earth is reason readily offers the viewer. In her recent book
There are indeed two angles to the notion Sthapathy, embodies a scenario that enough for a sense of wonderment; a entitled Indian Art: The New International
of rasa – one with reference to nine specific allows the possibility of three different sense of adbhuta! Sensation, Alka Pande explains the role of
sentiments or emotional conditions and narrative angles that can be associated such imagination:
the other in the singular, with reference with three different sentiments - shanta When we view the sculpture from
to the aesthetic experience of art. The (the quiescent), adbhuta (the marvelous) the shringara element, the power of A true aesthetic subject does not simply
nine sentiments or emotional conditions and shringara (the erotic). Looking at imagination does play a key role, together stimulate the aesthetic sense; it works to
are shringara (the erotic), hasya (the the sculpture from the shanta point-of- with a culture-specific knowledge of a
view, the scenario addresses a moment stimulate the imagination through the senses.
comic), karuna (the pathetic), raudra (the stereotypical scene of romance in the
Indian epic genre. In such a narrative, As the aesthete rises from the level of sense to
that of imagination, he reaches the second level in an artist-specific manner. Sthapathy within the traditional framework of religo- different narratives (each with a different
of the aesthetic experience. This new world is belongs to the generation of progressive mythological iconography and a strong predominant sentiment), does not need to
sense of freedom in the re-contexualisation bear any implication towards Sthapathy’s
his own creation. artists in the late 1950s and the early
1960s in Madras (now Chennai), the artistic of traditional modes into modern notions of creative background or credentials,
centre of South India. It was indeed a rendition, usually facilitated by the severe insofar as the pure aesthetic experience
However, where is the secularity of the
significant period in time in the modern art and selective distortion of certain sections of the viewer is concerned. Antholika
narrative in the imagination of the viewer
history of specifically South India, whereby of the body of the human subjects (mostly remains a dynamic entity that speaks for
of the sculpture? As a counter for this
artists were on an undaunted search or female) in his art. itself; that has an energy of its own; that
question, are not shanta, adbhuta and
pursuit to express the modernity within possesses a capacity to communicate
shringara secular enough as sentiments?
their thoughts and inspirations via the Imagining Antholika with its viewer, without prejudice or
Apart from the definition of the title of
embracement of the rich artistic tradition Having had dealt with the artist’s creative without a demanding prerequisite of
the sculpture and the understanding of
that they already had. In the book entitled background, now the key question is, is culture-specific, artist-specific knowledge
romance in the Indian epic genre, the
Towards A New Art History: Studies in it truly necessary to acquire knowledge of from its viewer. Due to the existence of
essence of being quiescent or experiencing
Indian Art, Ashrafi Bhagat explains the Sthapathy’s background to appreciate the a fluid, open-ended narrative element
wonderment or the erotic, although
nature of modern art in South India during sculpture under discussion; to acquire an in the sculpture, the sentiments of the
within separate narrative scenarios, is
this time period: aesthetic experience from the sculpture? Rasa Theory flow in mellifluously without
indisputably based on raw human emotion
Does this knowledge truly make a the adherence to one ruling sentiment,
and tendencies. If at all the viewer needs
significant difference or contribution to proving the timeless relevance of the
to possess any specific knowledge to The energies were directed specifically towards
the aesthetic experience and narrative subjectivity of the rasa experience as an
appreciate the sculpture, then, as far as reducing the European affinities in art and in
imagination of the viewer of the sculpture? emotive, almost metaphysical aesthetic
this sculpture is concerned, the required rethinking strategies for deploying traditional A quote by Michael A. O’Ferrall, from the experience, regardless of the degree in
knowledge will be based on the artist’s
regional art forms, which could assume modern book entitled The Spirit of India: A Survey which the viewer is acquainted with formal
intent, the symbolic representation and the
sensibility and relevant contemporaneous of Indian Art, is necessary at this point: knowledge of art or of the specific artist.
stylistic genre that he adheres to. The rest,
expressions. Antholika is indeed the grand metaphor of
is left to the imagination of the individual
viewer. In the same book as stated earlier The more deeply we penetrate the technique a democratic, aesthetic experience for the
in the article, Goswamy provides an It is in this very spirit that Sthapathy, to of any Indian art, the more clearly we see esteemed viewer of art.
explanation in this respect: this date, continues to create his artworks.
that what may seem spontaneous, individual,
Having had hailed from a generation
impulsive and natural to the lay spectator is
of sthapathys (who are Hindu temple
The durable emotional state that is subtly in reality well-considered, long-inherited,
architects, sculptors and designers who are
brought into being by or through a work of art well-versed in the ancient texts on aesthetic minutely studied and imbued with a highly
is one thing: its transmutation into a rasa is specifications, mythological iconography, symbolic significance.
dependent upon the energy, the inner ability, temple architecture and rituals, astrology,
the singleness of heart of the rasika [viewer of the sacred scriptures, and even classical The above quote signifies the exact
a work of art]. The faculty of imagination and music and dance), the existence of a grand nature of the aesthetic appreciation of
tradition of temple art in his family has Antholika. With due respect to Sthapathy’s
wonder is greatly emphasised.
enabled Sthapathy to evolve into a creator technical and creative brilliance, the fact
who, in his sculptures, brings about a that the sculpture can be viewed upon
With our purpose in mind, let us put the
symbiosis between the technical skills and appreciated within the scope of three
sculpture into the context of modern art
that Renate Kant, a German museum- Before starting the work, the painting had
trained conservator living and working The artist, Johann Zoffany (1733-1810), been in an extremely decayed condition.
had lived in India for six years in the In addition to the hot and humid climate of
in Singapore, received an invitation to
late eighteenth century under the British South Asia as well as former impacts from
Kolkata (West Bengal, India) to supervise
governors. He had left a legacy hanging vandalism and mishandling (cuts and tears
the restoration of the painting entitled Last
in the National Museum in Kolkata, in that measure up to 43 cm), unprofessional
Supper (1787) by Johann Zoffany, hanging addition to paintings in St. John’s Church, efforts to cover up the destruction and
in the oldest church in Kolkata, St. John’s the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery in decay of the painting had caused severe Renate and the group of Indian conservators
Church. The request from Dr Reimar London, as well as the Uffizi in Florence. disfiguring of the image. Huge sections
Volker, Director of the Goethe-Institut Zoffany was a German Neoclassical painter had been overpainted. Cracks and cuts
(German Cultural Institute), was part of who was born in Frankfurt am Main. He had been haphazardly filled in with uneven,
the Institute’s Culture and Development became renowned as a portrait painter of oversized, embrittled and hardened putty.
Initiative in which knowledge transfer, the British Royal Family before moving to
intercultural learning and transcultural Kolkata in 1783. He was commissioned After the painting had been dismantled,
dialogue is initiated between experts and by the colonial rulers to paint a depiction the specific damages had to be assessed
of the Last Supper to adorn the newly and documented in text and video. A
academicians of the host country (India)
founded St. John’s Church in 1787. damage cartography was drawn and
and of Germany.
extensive assessment was conducted
Between January and July 2010, five
The conservation of the artwork provided before the discoloured, non-original
conservators from INTACH (Indian Remounting painting on stretcher
major challenges for the young Indian coatings could be removed layer-by-layer.
National Trust for Art and Cultural
group, who had never before worked on Deep consolidation had to follow; only
Heritage) conducted the conservation of
a painting of this dimension (244 x 160 then could the overpainted layers and infill
the important historical painting under
cm), with specific damages that deal with material be leveled.
Renate’s guidance and supervision.
previous treatment interventions that were
Although the artist was German and
undocumented and barbaric. Yes, at first the fragile substance needed
not Indian, the transfer of skills was the
a lot of structural support by securing
major thrust and most valuable part of the
A make-shift studio was created in the paint layers, reattaching delaminating
project. She was able to share her thirty-
corner of the church for the duration of canvasses, and relining new tacking
eight years of experience with young Indian
the project, and German material and edges. The process of opening windows
conservators in order to assure the quality
tools were shipped to provide international into the past through varnish removals had
of future conservation work in Kolkata as
standards. Renate Kant travelled to Kolkata to be reversed, and integrating retouching Documentation
well as to enhance their awareness of the
five times for work stints. Meantime, the was the first hurdle for the group due to
rich cultural heritage of the city with ways
Indian conservators continued the work the amount of missing original substance
to protect its multifaceted history. Renate
and would send photo-documentation and the introduction of new techniques
had already trained numerous apprentices
of the process through the internet so and European materials. All this created
at her conservation studio which she had
a challenge for the INTACH team, and The reasons why paintings became victims
they took on the task with dedication, of deterioration were theft, fire, negligence,
concentration and persistence. climate conditions and vandalism. In
the case of Zoffany’s painting, the main
All gashes and holes needed new inlays damages might have been caused by the
and putty. At the very end of this complex hands of vandalism. Due to his social-
process the affected areas were retouched critical interpretation of the biblical
in a minimalistic, detailed manner in theme Last Supper via the depiction of
resinous media that was newly introduced controversial public personalities such as
to the Indian team. the disciples, the local reception resulted
in outrage. The people were provoked, and
Renate’s earlier professional career protestors slashed, cut and dramatically Detail during removal of coatings Detail after final treatment
was filled with work stints in churches, ripped through the canvas.
medieval monasteries and synagogues
throughout Germany, doing research on At least two major attempts at restoration
paint layers dating back to medieval times had been performed, one immediately
and then deciding on the best conservation after the vandalism, and the other 100
approach in conjunction with the German years later, documented in 1888. The
National Heritage Board. So to work again Indian conservators imagined how the
on sacred grounds created a meaningful people doing the early repair attempts
familiarity for her. must have struggled with the magnitude of
the damages as well as with the size of
Looking back into history, we know that the work while attaching a second relining
since the time when paintings were first canvas with starch and water.
created, the wish and pressure to keep
their value for artistic or historic reasons The previous interventions were not modest
arose. As early as 1629, Peter Paul and were often not easily reversible with
Rubens, the famous Flemish painter known oversized putty and were extremely hard
for his Counter-Reformation subjects and in structure, as the ethics of conservation
his numerous altarpieces, restored a huge had not yet matured. Layers and layers
amount of artworks which were brought to of tinted coatings were used to hide the
him due to severe decay while he was an disaster of not being able to responsibly
envoy to Spain. This was one of the first fill in the missing parts of the work with
instances of the transfer of skills, as he non-invasive, reversible techniques; a task
gave advice and taught how to increase that trained conservators would know how
Remounting completed conserved painting to its original location
the lifespan of paintings, which was being to perform at present.
continued through this project in Kolkata
sponsored by the Goethe-Institut.
When Renate and the team first saw government participated at the event,
– in daylight – the heritage of trials and and the generous support for the project
errors and the best attempts to save this from the Goethe-Institut Max Mueller
important work lying now demounted and Bhavan and INTACH was acknowledged
placed on the work table, the task seemed wholeheartedly.
insurmountable.
Admirers of the painting need to
Imagine: 60% of the project’s time went understand that even with the most
into de-restoration and stabilization, which skilled, responsible conservation, a work
involved the removal of all the previous of art can never be restored to the original
additions of material which changed the and complete state in which it was when
composition, in order to uncover the it was first created. Conservators can only
authenticity of the image. This shocked integrate the present state of deterioration.
C
the visitors when they came to observe The artwork’s traces of the impact of
the process at the make-shift studio and time can never be completely eliminated, M
when they saw the team with scalpels as conservation is not beautification. Y
and piercing tools doing archeological Interventive conservation can only support CM
The five-month process was successfully The painting can be seen now by all
choreographed with Renate’s supervision visitors to St. John’s Church in all its glory,
and the restored painting was protected against the city’s pollution with
ceremoniously unveiled on the 4th of July an acrylic glazing. This oldest church of
by Kolkata artist Ramanda Bandopadhyay, Kolkata, with its impressive, renovated
a veteran of the Bengal School of Art, who mausoleum, is always open to the public
has painted works based on indigenous in appreciation of its historic significance
heritage, popular artistry and natural and as a place of worship.
designs and patterns since the past
fifty years. It was a festive celebration
with speeches, orchestral music and the
opening of the photo and video exhibition
in the church, documenting the entire
process. It is a great gift for the city of
Kolkata as a marker for high standards
in the preservation of artworks of
heritage value. Dignitaries from the local
An overview
Royal Patronage but art itself was often used as an agenda
All through India’s history, threads of to develop the identity of the nation.
patronage of the arts by the royalty can
of patrons,
be seen from architectural styles to British Patronage
sculptures and paintings. Most emperors By the late 18th century, the British had
of yesteryears had been involved in emerged as the dominant power in India.
and collections
magnificent monuments and the diversity
In the north, kings like Ashoka (ruled 269 of its people. They wanted to acquire
BC to 232 BC) and Akbar (ruled 1542 - pictures of their new environment, but not
of Indian Art
Text: Smriti Rajgarhia-Bhatt
1605) have been the greatest patrons of
art and culture. King Akbar commissioned
artists to paint miniatures at his cultural
all of them could afford to buy the works of
noted British artists engaged in portraying
the scenic splendour of India and its exotic
capital at Agra. Artists were provided people. As a result, British residents and
art materials and studios to work in; all travellers started commissioning native
artists were promoted in the emperor’s artists to create paintings of their chosen
Indian Art has a long history of patronage
chronicles. While this was the model of subjects.
and its development throughout the years is the state initiative then, this model has
essential in understanding the current practices changed over the years. The profile of the Local artists started creating works for
in collecting Indian art. ‘patron’ has altered with various influxes ofthe new audience and the changing
communities and economic developments urban society of Bengal. One very famous
in the country. example is the Kalighat Painters, where the
subjects depicted gods and goddesses.
Patronage in Indian art has been a These were carried back to England and
necessary condition for the development Europe by missionaries, being the first
of the artists. It has taken many forms kind of Indian rural art to have travelled to
through the years, from the church, the west.
temples, monasteries; Kings and nobles;
State art Galleries, commercial spectators, Indian artists on their part welcomed the
art collectors, museums and political opportunity to work for their new British
parties and today, economic bodies and patrons, especially because the traditional
policies. All these parties have played and patronage of Indian rulers and their courts
still play an important role towards the was rapidly declining. To suit the tastes of
direction that the art of a nation takes. British clients, native artists modified their
Even during the times of the reign of Akbar, techniques and style and adopted some
the love of the arts created the patronage features of Western art. This phenomenon
also led to the birth of young self-taught F Husain’s mural in the Delhi Income Tax of stainless steel Tiffin utensils (2007) A lack of initiative from the government
professionals like Raja Ravi Varma, who building. However, such investments never fetched £601,250 at Christie’s in London, has inspired many art aficionados to start
used the oil painting technique of the carried the momentum of mass public and his Still Steal Steel #9 painting (2008) non-profit organisations to promote Indian
west with Indian mythological subjects, address, and correspondingly, did not went to a European collector for €450,000 art. Many collectors are now looking at
adapting the art form to the patronage of evoke the scale of historic response of a at Frieze in October. opening private museums not only in the
the kings of the princely states. `national’ art. cosmopolitans but also in two-tier cities to
New contemporary Art promote Indian art.
Sometime between the 1940s and the One could see that a lack of defined policy Contemporary Indian art has travelled a
1950s, a new class of collectors arose led to a scattered activity amongst artists long way with the new economic growth, Art as investment
with the political scenario of the country, and no channelised direction for the artistic disappearing borders and a globalised The investment value of art in India has
supporting the ‘new Indian art’ which community. Internal contradictions created economy. In keeping with the times, changed the bar of the new collector.
had started in sync with the wave for confusion and the state patronage failed to photography, hyperrealism, installation art, The average age has reduced and young
nationalism. Modern trends of Europe address a broader perspective. new media creations and representations professionals buy art for the aesthetic
were influencing Indian art and new have taken place of the old methods of value, and they believe that it is a safe
revolutionary art was being produced in The new contemporary Patron art. New collaborative practices and a investment. Art as a resource has always
the late 1940s. This class of collectors The scattered policies of the state and the more global language with strong regional been present; the shift can be seen from
included Englishmen and Europeans who silent industrialist patrons led way to a new undertones in new media have appeared as antiquities to modern and in contemporary
reacted favourably to the new experiments phenomenon. As with every effect, this alternative art. Many artists now examine art. It is undeniable that the spurt of
by Indian artists. Many such foreigners phenomenon came with its pros and cons. and question the reality of the society and economic activity has propelled this
supported the Bengal Renaissance and A large number of foreigners developed age in which they live in, taking subject excitement. However, Neville Tuli says,
the emergence of Shantiniketan. interest in contemporary Indian art and matters from everyday surroundings and “Today’s trigger is economics and look
started acquiring large collections. This transforming them through art into a at the impact, tomorrow’s could be art
After Independence has grown substantially due to the increase theatre of life. education and who knows how far the
After 1947, the concept of the collector in the number of embassies, legations, impact will go”.
and the patron changed yet again. With foreign firms and also, the increase in the Such art in India, like performance-based
India gaining its independence, obtaining number of visitors from abroad. art, installation art and moving image, is
state patronage for artists was a more struggling for space in both the social and
difficult task. After 1947, the government In the past couple of years, the foreign the economic areas. Private organisations
came forward to help the artist financially buyers were quick to spot the potential of like Khoj, Sahmat and Open Circle are a
by providing a larger audience and by Subodh Gupta and his contemporaries. few non-profit organisations which are
making the public art-conscious. It instated These include Gupta’s wife Bharti Kher, trying to provide a platform for the new
institutions like the Lalit Kala Academi and TV Santosh, Sudarshan Shetty and Jitish language of the global Indian-ism. This
the National Gallery of Modern art. It also Kallat. alternative art has not yet entered the art
invested in artists by purchasing works market scenario in a big way. Its issues with
for embassies, commissioning works for British buyers include Frank Cohen and reproducibility and collectability are yet
murals and other decorative works on Charles Saatchi. The clamour for work to be argued and answered because this
government buildings. The government by Gupta came to a head in June 2008 new wave becomes the actual repository
spent on public art projects such as M. when his untitled circular installation of contemporary Indian culture.
N ow in its third year, India’s Modern and Contemporary art fair continues
to widen its reach within the subcontinent, attracting leading galleries
and collectors from the region and around the world. Last year, India Art
Summit attracted 40,000 visitors over 4 days, with 3000 guests attending
the VIP preview itself. The third edition in January 2011 will include 85
galleries from 20 countries, exhibiting more than 1000 art works in an
8000 sq mtr exhibition space in Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
Besides the commercial art fair (last year saw sales of over half the art
India Art
works on display), the India Art Summit programme attracts some of the
leading artists, critics and curators, as the three-day Speakers’ Forum
addresses key issues on the art market, collecting, and the future of
Summit
Indian art and more.
India Art Summit takes place from 21-23 January 2011 (VIP Preview by invitation on 20
January) at Hall#18 Pragati Maidan, New Delhi.
P. Gnana
think of those moments with my mother and
the cow, I go through a very forceful sense
of nostalgia that brings about a paradoxical
Sculptor & Painter feeling of sadness and joy. We are talking
about moments that have been lived already,
gone in time. But then, when I am able to
re-live and rejuvenate those emotionally-
significant experiences through my art, with
endless creative possibilities, the excitement on what I would call ‘mental sketches’. I go Ganesha Art - A Global Catalyst
I feel is overwhelming. To me, the cow is a through long moments of quiet contemplation, 14.09.10 – 17.10.10 / Gnani Arts Space
symbol of unconditional love; something that visualising and determining how I want my Text: Vidhya Gnana Gouresan
I have felt very deeply. It is a metaphor that next painting to turn out; where I want my
occurs very naturally in my art. focal point to be; what kind of a colour tone
that will bring harmony to it and so on. All this
Do you think your fascination with the cow is done and processed on a mental basis. To Ganesha is a popular Hindu god, who is POWER GANESHA: Show 5 is the 5th
will reach a saturation point soon? me, painting is a raw, spontaneous transfer a narrative apparatus in Indian mythology; in an exclusive series of art exhibitions,
It is good that you asked me this question. of energy, from my mind to the canvas. And an inseparable aspect of contemporary conceptualised and presented by The
It is true that I am constantly counter- creating a sketch before painting interferes Hindu/Indian life; and indisputably a Gallery of Gnani Arts, that offers a stable,
challenging or taming the forces that urge me with the direct transfer of that energy in the global cultural icon. Amongst many of his contextual platform for what one can
to dispel my fascination towards the cow, a real painting. However, for my sculptures metaphysical designations, Ganesha is term as contemporary Ganesha Art with
symbol that my art has been associated with and installations, I do extensive sketching believed to be the Remover of Obstacles, a secular perspective; a perspective that
since the past four years. I have not even beforehand, even though improvisations are the Lord of Beginnings, the Lord of strives beyond the cultural-geographical
completed the basic level of exploration and made on-site. Success and the Lord of Literature. He origins of the belief in Ganesha: India.
experimentation in my cow concept. There is easily identified by his elephant-head, After four hit exhibitions in the series (in
are so many more possibilities within the Your monumental, travelling solo exhibition his human body of circular proportions, 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2009 respectively),
concept. It still excites me. I am constantly is coming up soon. Do tell us more. his broken tusk and many other attributes the Gallery presents this much-awaited
visualising many dimensions to the concept, It will be my ninth solo exhibition - of paintings that encapsulate an amalgamated blockbuster exhibition of numerous
exploring endless choices of media for my and sculptural installations - that will first scheme of fables, rituals, philosophy and creative dimensions of the celebrated
sculptural installations, and executing themes travel to Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), and then anthropological symbolism. He is also icon who possesses an appeal that is
within the concept, that create a parody or a to Singapore. This will be in November worshipped as the son of the Hindu god astoundingly universal, and an ability to
statement that is usually universally human. I and December 2010. In January 2011, the Shiva and the Mother Goddess, Ambika. embrace a contextual dichotomy of the
am unable to express to you in words now. exhibition will travel to New Delhi, the capital Although there is not a definite conclusion sacred and the profane. The participating
Let me show you through my art. Even for the of India. The collection will reveal yet another in relation to the provenance of Ganesha, artists of POWER GANESHA: Show 5
current ‘POWER GANESHA: Show 5’ group dimension to my thought-process in the cow scholarly research suggests the existence include Agatha Hutton, Alpana Ahuja,
exhibition, I have portrayed a small cow in the concept. The sculptural installations will be of the deity before that of the Vedas (the Alphonso Doss, B.R. Annapillai, Aparna
lower half of the Ganesha painting that I had life-sized; certainly larger than my current oldest surviving scriptures in Hinduism, Sundaresh, C. Dakshinamoorthy, S.
specifically created for the exhibition. Apart three-dimensional works. Experimentation will believed to have been written between Elayaraja, P. Gnana, S. Govindarajan,
from my cow concept, I do simultaneously be predominant, in terms of the manipulation 2500 to 500 BC). Having mentioned J. Kalidass, Karuna N. Rajendran, N.
work on other themes that I am comfortable of medium and material. As for my paintings the issue of provenance, however, the Manoharan, K. Muralidharan, Naina Mehta,
with. for the exhibition, the thematic motivation will intention of this exhibition of contemporary Odile Moulin, Pon Ragunathan, S.K.
take a twist, as I will be incorporating what I art, does not lie within the scholarly Rajavelu, Richard Chen, V. Santhanam,
How do you create your paintings? Do you would call ‘visiting symbols’ - other symbols perspective of the concept of Ganesha, Sarbani Bhattacharya, S. Sivabalan and
prepare preliminary sketches before you and metaphors, together with the cow. but the aesthetic element of the manner Tasneem Moochhala.
embark on your oil on canvas? in which the concept is manipulated and
I hardly create preliminary sketches before I rejuvenated in the creative as well as the Each one of more than twenty participating
paint. Having said this, I rely almost entirely narrative tendencies of current times. masters and emerging artists, who
4 6
hail from various national and cultural that one receives from a consecrated icon
scenarios (Pakistani, French, Chinese, of Ganesha in a temple sanctum? There
Singaporean and Indian) embark on is devotion in art, and there is aesthetics
creating aesthetically-convincing visual in a consecrated temple icon. The two
representations of Ganesha, while making experiences are similar as much as they
an informed choice in the adherence or are different. In the same spirit, the fact
non-adherence to stereotypical depictions; that the religious sanctity of the Ganesha
while retaining his/her characteristic concept has the ability to transform into
individual style and the inevitable a secular entity through Fine Art and
specificity of the artist’s personal-cultural the larger picture of popular culture is
background. This, is indeed a challenge indeed a phenomenon that comes with
for the participating artist; a challenge that its own complex issues of interpretation
cannot be underestimated and that may or misinterpretation. In his book entitled
not be instantly recognised by the viewer Ganesha - Unravelling An Enigma, Yuvraj
of art through the artwork alone. Control Krishnan aptly refers to Ganesha as a
and rules, although they are typically ‘cultural ambassador at large’, whose
meant to be broken, are not exactly influence in the religious context has
desirable in any case. However, contrary travelled throughout South, East, and
to popular thought, an occasional, Central Asia. In spite of any form of
subjective amount of conceptual control complexity in symbolic interpretation, little
compels the artist/creator to give birth needs to be done to be convinced that
to an end-product that is almost always Ganesha Art is indeed a genre that has
unexpected and monumental to some instilled an obsession in a substantially
extent. This is exactly the motivation under large global community of art collectors
which each participating artist of POWER and connoisseurs, regardless of ethnic
GANESHA: Show 5 has attempted his/her implications. Ganesha Art gleams as a
very own imagination of Ganesha, in spite global catalyst that demands and achieves
of the massive spectrum of connotations a multicultural reception.
within which the icon is symbolised and
represented in the religo-mythological
POWER GANESHA: Show 5 is being showcased at
context. Gnani Arts Space (#02-30/31, Fortune Centre, 190
Middle Road). Exhibition ends on 17 October 2010.
Context. This is the key factor that
presents the exhibition with a twist. How
different is the aesthetic experience
imbibed from a work of contemporary
art depicting Ganesha as opposed to the
culture-specific devotional experience
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OCTOBER 2010 / 64
Sotheby’s Institute of Art,
DreamSpace Art Studio
DIRECTORIES DIRECTORIES
GALLERIES Collectors Contemporary 5 Jalan Kilang Barat #01-03 Galerie Waterton 39 Keppel Road #02-01 P