Phd Research Proposal

(Doctoral program in Electrical Engineering)

(Area of Power Systems)
(Optimal Power Flow with primary and
secondary Frequency constraint)

Ch. Leela Krishna

Email id: leelakrishna907@gmail.com

Objective:
Optimal power flow with high penetration of wind and solar PV power
with primary and secondary frequency constraint.
1) With the mandatory stipulation of more & more
penetration of renewable energy like wind and solar PV
into Power system with conventional power thermal hydro
generation the operational aspects of combined
conventional and RES generators to take care of
fluctuating wind and solar power.
2) The ramping rate limits of conventional units.
3) Non-availability of inertial response of Solar PV.
4) Frequency response of the system after load disturbance or
line outage.
5) Additional constraints have to be included for Power
system optimal power flow and total fuel cost.
6) Introducing wind energy conversion system using Doubly
fed induction generator technology and Full scale model
of Solar PV farms.
7) Short term load forecasting using intelligent forecasting
methods like ANN will also be included.
Procedure:
1) Frequent failure to maintain frequency within the band
results in the activation of under frequency load shedding,
undesired generator tripping and in the worst case damage
to turbine-generator set.
2) Primary Frequency response, Secondary Frequency
response and tertiary frequency response has to be taken
care.
3) Frequency metrics have to be taken care with governor
dead band included.
4) i) frequency nadir time estimation
 ii) short term ramp rate has to be calculated.
5) In Primary frequency adequacy in general OPf only the
reserve capacity is taken care previously but it has to be
included with the short term ramping capability along with
reserve as constraint to prevent under load frequency
shedding.
6) In PFR, not only the procurement of the reserve capability
but also the performance of the generator also has to be
accounted which includes its ramping ability based on
which the respective generator has to be loaded.
7) Along with this the transmission line constraint also
should not be violated if PFR is fully deployed.
8) After the PFR has brought the frequency to a fixed value
SFR has to take care of the value fixed by the PFR is
within the band of frequency.
9) According to NERC B1 criteria a control area has to return
ACE(area control error) to zero with in 10 minutes after
the contingency.
10) So it not only should have enough capacity to compensate
the generation/load but also should have enough ramping
capability to meet the criterion.
11) So the steady state frequency error, ACE and change in the
wind and load in this period has to be constrained.
12) So the conventional OPF model is modified by adding the
PFR and SFR ramp rates cost function along the optimal
transmission cost function including all the above said
constraints will yield OPF with better frequency metrics.