Target PT 2018

PRACTICE
WORKBOOK
of 115

Chemistry
Test-1
st
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 Chemistry Test-1
Part -1

Chistry Test-1

1. Consider the following statements regarding D. Law of Gaseous 4. Gay Lussac

the nature of atoms in a Periodic Table: Volumes
1. In general, atomic radius increases across a Codes:
period from left to right. A B C D
2. In general, atomic radius decreases across a (a) 1 2 3 4
period from left to right. (b) 1 2 4 3
3. Electronegativity generally increases across
(c) 2 1 3 4
a period from left to right.
(d) 2 1 4 3
4. Electronegativity generally decreases
across a period from left to right. 4. Which of the following options are among the
main uses of cobalt-60?
Which of the above statements are correct?
1. It is used for sterilization of medical
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 and 4
equipment.
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 2. It is the radiation source for medical
2. Consider the following statements: radiotherapy.
1. Molarity of a solution is defined as the 3. It is the radiation source for industrial
number of moles of solute dissolved in one radiography.
litre (or one cubic decimeter) of solvent. 4. It is used as a tracer element.
2. Molality of a solution is defined as the
Codes:
number of moles of the solute per kilogram
(kg) of the solution. (a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 2 and 4
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) 2, 3 and 4
(a) Only 1
(d) All
(b) Only 2
5. Choose the correct statement(s) related to
(c) Both
different chemicals:
(d) None
1. Laughing gas is NO.
3. Match the following lists: 2. Cellophane used for wrapping is made up
List-1 List-2 of glucose acetate.
(Laws of Chemical (Propounder of the law) 3. The chemical used as a chemical weapon in
Combinations) the First World War was mustard gas.
A. Law of Conservation 1. Joseph Proust of Mass Which of the above statements is/are correct?
B. Law of Definite 2. Antoine Lavoisier (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
Proportions (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
C. Law of Multiple 3. Dalton
Proportions 6. Which of the following are responsible for the
development of photochemical smog?
 1. Peroxyacetyl nitrate Which of the above statements is/are correct?
2. Carbon monoxide (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
3. Ozone (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
Codes: 11. Consider the following statements about the
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 usages of Baking Soda:
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3 1. It is used in making baking powder which
in turn is used in making cakes.
7. Which of the following minerals are found in a
2. It is used in the formation of antacids
natural way in the Earth?
which is used to neutralize excess acid in
1. Bauxite the stomach.
2. Dolomite 3. It is used in fire extinguishers.
3. Iron ore 4. It is used in removing permanent hardness
4. Tin of water.
Codes: Which of the above applications is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 (a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) All
8. Bleaching powder is used: 12. Which of the following statements regarding
1. For bleaching cotton and linen in the textile metals is/are incorrect?
industry. 1. All metals except mercury exist as solids at
2. For bleaching wood pulp in paper factories. room temperature.
3. As a reducing agent in many chemical 2. Iodine is a non-metal but it is lustrous.
industries. 3. All metals react with water and produce a
4. For disinfecting drinking water to make it metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
free of germs. 4. Generally, hydrogen gas is not evolved
when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
Which of the above applications are correct?
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 Codes:
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All (a) 3 and 4 (b) 2 and 4
(c) Only 1 (d) Only 3
9. Consider the following metals and arrange
them in order of increasing reactivity: Copper, 13. Which of the following statements is/are true
Mercury, Silver, Gold regarding nuclear reaction?
(a) Gold < Silver < Mercury < Copper 1. The enormous energy released in an atomic
(b) Gold < Silver < Copper < Mercury explosion is due to the conversion of
chemical energy into heat energy.
(c) Silver < Gold < Mercury < Copper
2. The process of fusion occurs in stars, which
(d) Silver < Gold < Copper < Mercury
derive their energy from hydrogen and
10. Consider the following statements related to helium.
Gasohol:
Codes:
1. Gasohol is prepared by mixing gasoline
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
and methyl alcohol.
(c) Both (d) None
2. It is used as a fuel in internal-combustion
engines. 14. Consider the following statements:
3. Gasohol has higher octane properties than 1. Citric acid is a good chelating agent.
gasoline and burns more slowly and 2. Caffeine, a constituent of tea and coffee is a
completely, resulting in reduced emissions diuretic.
of pollutants.
 3. Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation 18. Consider the following statements related to
of bones and teeth. chemiluminescence:
Which of the statements given above are 1. It is the process of production of light from
correct? a chemical reaction.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 2. It is used in forensics to detect blood at
crime scenes.
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All
3. Chemiluminescence also takes place in
15. Consider the following statements related to living organisms such as fireflies.
thermoplastic:
Which of the above statements related to
1. The material that can be deformed
chemiluminescence is/are correct?
permanently by heat and pressure is a
thermoplastic. (a) Only 1
2. Thermoplastic has high strength, shrink- (b) 1 and 2
resistance and easy bendability. (c) 2 and 3
3. Acrylic is an example of thermoplastic. (d) All

Which of the above statements is/are correct? 19. Which of the following statements is/are
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 correct about inter-conversion of energy in
nuclear process?
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3
1. Nuclear binding energy is converted into
16. Which of the following statements related to mechanical energy by alpha radiation.
soft drinks is/are true? 2. Nuclear binding energy is converted into
1. Soft drinks such as colas contain significant electrical energy by beta radiation.
quantities of caffeine.
Select the correct code:
2. Soft drinks are called "soft" because the
alcohol content is less than 0.5% of the total (a) Only 1
volume. (b) Only 2
3. Technically, fruit juice and tea also come (c) Both
under the category of soft drinks. (d) None
Select the answer from the codes given below: 20. Which of the following statements are correct?
Codes: 1. The gas inside an electric bulb is helium.
(a) Only 1 2. Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen.
(b) 1 and 2 3. Phosphorus is present in DNA and RNA.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 4. Diamond is chemically a mixture of metal
carbonates.
(d) 1 and 3
Codes:
17. Why water is not used to extinguish fire caused
by oil? (a) 1, 2 and 4
1. Water has high density than petrol so (b) 1 and 2
petrol floats on water. (c) 2 and 3
2. Water does not cut the supply of air and is (d) 2, 3 and 4
unable to cool down the burning substance.
21. The plants popularly known as 'petro crops' are
Which of the above stated reasons is/are rich in:
correct? 1. Carbohydrates
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 2. Proteins
(c) Both (d) None 3. Lipids
4. Hydrocarbons
 Codes: (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4 24. Match the following lists:
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4 List-1 List-2
22. Match the following: (Chemical compound) (Commercial Name)
List-1 List-2 A. Sodium Carbonate 1. Caustic Soda
(Colloidal System) (Example) B. Lead Peroxide 2. Red vermillion
A. Aerosol 1. Smoke C. Basic Lead Carbonate 3. White Lead
D. Sodium Hydroxide 4. Soda Ash
B. Gel 2. Hair Cream
Codes:
C. Emulsion 3. Butter
A B C D
D. Foam 4. Whipped cream (a) 1 2 3 4
Codes: (b) 4 2 3 1
(a) A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4 (c) 1 3 2 4
(b) A-1; B-3; C-2; D-4 (d) 4 3 2 1
(c) A-4; B-2; C-3; D-1 25. Consider the following statements with respect
(d) A-4; B-3; C-2; D-1 to the Sugar Charcoal:
23. Dihydrogen (H2) is the most abundant element 1. It is purified by boiling with acids to
remove any mineral matter.
in the universe (70% of the total mass of the
universe) and is the principal element in the 2. It can be solidified even at the room
solar atmosphere. Which of the following are temperature but under lower pressure.
the uses of Dihydrogen? 3. It can be converted into solid state, known
1. It is used in the manufacture of as dry ice which can be used as a coolant in
nitrogenous fertilizers. nuclear reactors.
2. It is used in the manufacture of vanaspati Which of the above given statements are
fat. incorrect?
3. It is used as a rocket fuel in space research. (a) 1 and 3
4. It is used in fuel cells for generating (b) 1 and 2
electrical energy.
(c) 2 and 3
Which of the above stated uses are correct? (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 3 and 4
vvvvvv
 Chemistry Test-1 Answers
Part -1

Ans. 1. (d) Ans. 8. (c)

Ans. 2. (d) Exp: Bleaching powder is an oxidising agent.
Exp: Molarity of a solution is the number of moles Ans. 9. (a)
of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.
Molality is the number of moles of the solute Ans. 10. (b)
per kg of the solvent. Exp: Gasohol is prepared by mixing gasoline and
Ans. 3. (c) ethyl alcohol.

Ans. 4. (d) Ans. 11. (c)

Ans. 5. (c) Exp: Washing soda is used to treat permanent

hardness of water.
Exp: Laughing gas is N2O
Applications
Ans. 6. (c)
• Fire extinguisher
Exp: Photochemical smog was first described in
• Cooking
the 1950s. It is the chemical reaction of
sunlight, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic • Neutralisation of acids and bases
compounds in the atmosphere, which leaves
airborne particles and ground-level ozone. • Medical uses
This noxious mixture of air pollutants can • Personal hygiene
include the following:
• In sports
• Aldehydes
• As a cleaning agent
• Nitrogen oxides, such as nitrogen dioxide
• As a biopesticide
• Peroxyacyl nitrates
• Cattle feed supplements
• Tropospheric ozone
Ans. 12. (d)
• Volatile organic compounds
Exp: Metals such as lead, copper, silver and gold
All of these harsh chemicals are usually do not react with water at all.
highly reactive and oxidizing. Photochemical
smog is therefore considered to be a problem Ans. 13. (d)
of modern industrialization. It is present in all Exp: The enormous energy released in an atomic
modern cities, but it is more common in cities explosion is due to the conversion of mass
with sunny, warm, dry climates and a large into energy.
number of motor vehicles. Because it travels
with the wind, it can affect sparsely The process by which energy is generated in
populated areas as well. the sun is fusion of hydrogen.

Ans. 7. (d) Ans. 14. (a)

Exp: Ascorbic acid is a form of Vitamin C. Exp: Several plants are rich sources of latex,
However it is Vitamin D which is essential for hydrocarbons, lipids, and other useful
the formation of bones and teeth. substances, and can be used for food, feed
and energy. They are used as petro crops for
Ans. 15. (b)
production of biofuel.
Exp: The material that can be deformed
Ans. 22. (b)
permanently by heat and pressure is a
thermoset. Ans. 23. (d)
Ans. 16. (c) Ans. 24. (b)
Ans. 17. (c) Ans. 25. (c)
Ans. 18. (d) Exp: Sugar charcoal is obtained from the
carbonization of sugar and is particularly
Ans. 19. (c)
pure. It is purified by boiling with acids to
Ans. 20. (c) remove any mineral matter and is then
burned for a long time in a current of chlorine
Exp: The gas inside electric bulb is nitrogen. in order to remove the last traces of hydrogen.
Diamond is chemically pure carbon. It gets liquefied at even room temperature but
Ans. 21. (b) under high pressure. It is the purest form of
amorphous carbon.
vvvvvv
 Chemistry Test-1
Part -2

1. Choose the correct statement(s) in context of 4. Consider the following statements about
nuclear reactors: Gasoline:
1. The function of a moderator in a nuclear 1. It is a transparent, petroleum-derived
reactor is to moderate the number of liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in
secondary neutrons. internal combustion engines.
2. A breeder reactor is that which produces 2. Gasoline is produced only in one grade of
more fissionable material than it burns. octane rating i.e. E5.
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 3. Gasoline produces poisonous gases such
as carbon monoxide.
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2 Which of the above statements are correct?
(c) Both (a) 1 and 2
(d) None (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
2. Choose the correct statement(s) related to
ammonia: (d) All
1. Large cold storage plants use ammonia as 5. Consider the following statements about
refrigerant while domestic refrigerators Black Carbon:
use chloro-fluorocarbons. 1. Black Carbon consists of impure carbon
2. Ammonia is used in the manufacture of in hexagonal linked forms.
synthetic fibres, such as nylon and rayon. 2. It causes human morbidity and
Which of the above statements is/are correct? premature mortality.
(a) Only 1 3. It acts as the climate forcing agent and
cools the earth rapidly.
(b) Only 2
4. It makes soil infertile and retard the
(c) Both
growth of plants.
(d) None
Which of the above statements are incorrect?
3. Which of the following statements are correct
(a) 1, 2 and 3
about Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell?
(b) 1, 3 and 4
1. It is low-temperature fuel cell.
(c) 1 and 4
2. The cell consists of two porous carbon
electrodes impregnated with a suitable (d) All
catalyst such as Pt, Ag, CoO, etc. 6. Which of the following are the sources of
3. The cell runs continuously until the Biodiesel?
reactant's supply is exhausted. 1. Animal fats
Select the correct code: 2. Soy
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 3. Mahua
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All 4. Sunflower
 5. Algae. Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below: Codes:
Codes: (a) Only 1
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 (c) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 5 (d) All
(d) All 10. Consider the following statements about the
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs):
7. Consider the following statements about
Green Aerogels: 1. It is cylindric nanostructures with
graphene layers arranged as stacked
1. These are ultra-light, non-toxic, extremely
cones, cups or plates structure.
strong, flexible and water repellent.
2. It has high tensile strength, less
2. It is obtained by converting paper waste
distortions with changes in temperature
into biodegradable Aerogels.
and high electromagnetic shielding.
3. It has high thermal conductivity.
3. They are used as lightweight carbon
4. It has super high oil absorption capacity composites materials in aircraft and car
than commercial sorbents. components.
Which of the above statements are correct? Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 2 and 3
(d) All (d) All
8. Ethanol has widespread usages and 11. Which of the following statements about
application. Consider the statements with Green cement is/are correct?
reference to it:
1. The anti-bacterial properties of the
1. It can be used as rocket propellant. cement can be used for construction of
2. It can be used in thermometer. underground sewage pipes and toilets as
3. It can be used as an antiseptic. well.
4. It can be used for treatment of cancer. 2. It would be non-recyclable as has anti-
bacterial properties, like polymer cement
Which of the above stated applications are that is non-biodegradable.
correct?
Select the correct answer using the codes
(a) 1, 2 and 3
given below:
(b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 Codes:
(d) All (a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
9. Which of the following is/are the advantages
(c) Both
of Thorium fuel cycle over Uranium Fuel
cycle? (d) None
1. It has superior physical and nuclear fuel 12. Consider the following statements related to
properties over Uranium. the Shale Gas:
2. It produces less nuclear waste. 1. Shale gas originates from the thermo-
3. Thorium is proliferation resistant chemical cracking of organic material in
compared to Uranium-Plutonium cycles. igneous rocks.
 2. It is called 'sweet gas' because of its lack (a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
of hydrogen sulfide. (c) 1 and 3 (d) All
3. It contains very little heavier
hydrocarbons such as propane or butane.
16. Which of the following is/ are Natural
Which of the above statements is/are Preservatives?
incorrect?
1. Salt
(a) 1 and 2
2. Sugar
(b) 2 and 3
3. Cloves
(c) Only 2
4. Oils
(d) All
Codes:
13. Which of the following are the uses of
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2, 3 and 4
Alcohol in day to day activities?
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) All
1. As a Solvent
2. As a Break-fluid 17. Which of the following can be used as the Fire
Extinguishers?
3. As Perfume
1. Carbon Dioxide
4. As a germicide
2. BCM (Bromochloro methane)
Codes:
3. CB (Chlorobromomethane)
(a) 1 and 4
4. Potassium Bicarbonate
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 Codes:
(d) All (a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
14. Consider the following statements related to
(c) 1 and 4
Gasohol:
(d) All
1. Gasohol is prepared by mixing propane
and butane. 18. Reverse Osmosis is a water treatment method
2. It is used as a fuel in internal-combustion by forcing untreated water molecules through
engines. a semi-permeable membrane. Which of the
3. It results in reduced emissions of following components get removed from the
water?
pollutants due to high octane rating.
1. Dissolved salts
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
2. Pyrogens
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3
3. Colloids
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
4. Carbon-di-oxide
15. Element 113 (Ununtrium) was discovered by
Codes:
Kosuke Morita’s RIKEN collaborative team in
Japan. Consider the following statements (a) 1 and 4
related to it: (b) 1, 3 and 4
1. Ununtrium is a synthetic radioactive (c) 1, 2 and 3
metal. (d) All
2. The element has been created using a
19. The pH scale used to measure acidity and
cold fusion reaction between a Bismuth-
alkalinity of water solutions, is based on
209 target and Zinc-70 ions.
concentration of hydrogen ions. Which of the
3. Ununtrium is presently used for research following is not acidic?
interest only.
(a) Bananas (b) Blood
Which of the above statements is/are correct? (c) Milk (d) Tomatoes
20. Consider the following statements regarding Which of the above given statements are
the Biofuels: correct?
1. Green diesel is produced by (a) 1, 2 and 3
hydrocracking the vegetable oils and (b) 2, 3 and 4
animal fats.
(c) 2 and 3
2. Syngas is a mixture of methane & other
(d) 3 and 4
hydrocarbons with oxygen that can be
burned in internal combustion engines. 23. Which among the following are the examples
of natural carbon sink?
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct? 1. Carbon capture and sequestration.
(a) Only 1 2. Landfills
(b) Only 2 3. Absorption of carbon dioxide by the
oceans.
(c) Both
4. Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants.
(d) None
Codes:
21. Consider the following statements related to
the atmospheric gases: (a) 1, 2 and 3
1. Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as (b) 2 and 4
dissolved in blood plasma. (c) 3 and 4
2. Breathing becomes faster in fever due to (d) 2, 3 and 4
oxygen carrying capacity of blood
24. Which of the following are the applications of
becomes lower.
coal gasification?
3. Oxygen is carried in human beings
1. It is used for producing syngas.
chiefly by the ammonia molecule.
2. It is used for electricity generation.
4. Oxygen is transported to various parts of
the body through hormones. 3. It is used for generation of hydrogen.
4. It eliminates surface damage and solid
Which among the above given statements are waste discharge.
correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 4 Codes:
(b) 2 and 4 (a) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) All
(d) None
22. Consider the following statements with
respect to the Synthetic Diamond: 25. Which of are the characteristics of Noble gas?
1. Synthetic diamond is produced through 1. They are mono-atomic gas.
the high-pressure low-temperature 2. They are colorless, odorless and
production process. flammable gases under standard
2. These are devoid of properties such as conditions.
thermal conductivity and electron 3. In the periodic table, the noble gases are
mobility which are superior in naturally arranged according to their boiling point.
formed diamonds.
Codes:
3. Diamond is mechanically and chemically
stable thus can be used as electrode. (a) 1 and 3
4. Synthetic diamond can be used in waste (b) 2 and 3
water treatment of organic effluents. (c) Only 1
(d) All
vvvvvv
 Chemistry Test-1 Answers
Part -2
Ans. 1. (b)
Exp: The function of a moderator in a nuclear
reactor is to slow down the secondary
neutrons.
Ans. 2. (c)
Ans. 3. (c)
Exp: It is high-temperature fuel cell.
Ans. 4. (c)
Exp: Gasoline is produced in several grades of
octane rating in different countries.
Ans. 5. (b)
Exp: Black carbon consists of pure carbon in
several linked forms. It is formed during
incomplete combustion of the fossil fuel,
biomass and biofuel emitted through both
anthropogenic and naturally. It warms the
earth by absorbing the sunlight and heats the
atmosphere. It is the important plant nutrient
and makes soil more fertile.
Ans. 6. (d)
Exp: Biodiesel Fuel can be produced from a variety
of natural crops including rapeseed, soybean,
mustard, flax, sunflower, canola, palm oil,
hemp, jatropha and waste vegetable oils. This
fuel source is said to reduce engine wear and
produce less harmful emissions.
Ans. 7. (b)
Exp: It has low thermal conductivity.
Ans. 8. (a)
Ans. 9. (d)
Exp: Thorium based reactors forms the final stage
in India's 3-stage nuclear program. Though
this peculiar 3-stage cycle incorporating
thorium was designed keeping in view of
India's resource profile. The thorium fuel
cycle offers enormous energy security
benefits in the long-term - due to its potential
for being a self-sustaining fuel without the
need for fast neutron reactors.
Ans. 10. (d)
Exp: Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), are cylindric
nanostructures with graphene layers
arranged as stacked cones, cups or plates.
Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers
wrapped into perfect cylinders are called
carbon nanotubes.
Applications
• Field electron emission sources
• Composite materials
• Scanning probe microscopy tips
• Carrier material for various catalysts in
petrochemistry
• In vertically-aligned arrays, a platform for
gene delivery.
• For electrode materials
• Oil spill remediation
Ans. 11. (a)
Exp: It would be completely recyclable, unlike
polymer cement that's non-biodegradable.
Ans. 12. (d)
Ans. 13. (d)
Exp: Ethanol is used as raw material for synthesis
of many other solvent of dyes,
pharmaceuticals, detergents.
Ethanol is used in alcoholic beverages.
 N-Butanol is used in manufacturing of break
fluids.
Glycerol is used in pharma and food industry.
Gasohols are biomass derived liquid fuel.
Ans. 14. (b)
Exp: Gasohol is prepared by mixing gasoline and
ethyl alcohol.
Ans. 15. (d)
Exp: Characteristics of Ununtrium:
• Harmful effects: Ununtrium is harmful due
to its radioactivity.
• Characteristics: Ununtrium is a synthetic
radioactive metal.
• Uses of Ununtrium: Ununtrium is of research
interest only.
• Abundance and Isotopes: Abundance in
earth’s crust is nil. The element has been
created using a cold fusion reaction between
a bismuth-209 target and zinc-70 ions.
• Isotopes: Ununtrium has one isotope whose
half-life is known, 278Uut.
Ans. 16. (d)
Exp: Besides adding taste, salt has a specific
function, i.e., to act as a preservative. Sugar
dissolves in the water in the food item. This
results in less water being available for the
growth of micro-organism. Vinegar is used to
preserve onions and tomato ketchup; lemon
juice is used in pickles; citric acid is used in
squashes. Acids increase the acidic content of
food items, thus preventing the growth and
activity of micro-organisms. Mustard powder,
turmeric and red chilies are a few of them.
These prevent the growth of microorganisms,
thus preventing spoilage. Cloves also act as
natural preservatives.
Ans. 17. (d)
Exp: Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are filled with
non-flammable carbon dioxide gas under
extreme pressure. Carbon dioxide
extinguishes work by displacing oxygen, or
taking away the oxygen element of the fire
triangle. The carbon dioxide is also very cold
as it comes out of the extinguisher, so it cools
the fuel as well.
Bromochloromethane or methylene
bromochloride and Halon 1011 is a mixed
halomethane. It was invented for use in fire
extinguishers by the Germans to create a less-
toxic, more effective alternative to carbon
tetrachloride.
In the 1940s, Germany invented the liquid
Chlorobromomethane (CBM) for use in
aircraft. It was more effective and slightly less
toxic than carbon tetrachloride and was used
until 1969.
Potassium bicarbonate is used for fires due to
electrical appliances and flammable liquids.
Ans. 18. (c)
Exp: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification
technology that uses a semi permeable
membrane to remove ions, molecules, and
larger particles from drinking water. In the
normal osmosis process, the solvent naturally
moves from an area of low solute
concentration (high water potential), through
a membrane, to an area of high solute
concentration (low water potential). It does
not remove CO2.
Ans. 19. (b)
Exp: Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and
solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic.
pH of Bananas: 4.5 - 5.2
pH of Blood: 7.35 - 7.45
pH of Milk: 6.5 - 6.7
pH of Tomatoes: 4.2 - 4.9
Ans. 20. (a)
Exp: Hydrocracking is a refinery method that uses
elevated temperatures and pressure in the
 presence of a catalyst to break down larger
molecules found in vegetable oils, into shorter
hydrocarbon chains used in diesel engines.
Green diesel has the same chemical properties
as petroleum-based diesel & does not require
new engines, pipelines or infrastructure to
distribute and use, but has not been produced
at a cost that is competitive with petroleum.
Syngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide,
hydrogen and other hydrocarbons produced
by partial combustion of biomass. Before
partial combustion, the biomass is dried, and
sometimes pyrolysed. The resulting Syngas is
more efficient than direct combustion of the
original biofuel. Syngas may be burned
directly in internal combustion engines,
turbines or high-temperature fuel cells.
Syngas can be used to produce methanol,
Dimethyl Ether and hydrogen.
Ans. 21. (d)
Exp: Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as
bicarbonates, as dissolved in blood plasma &
in combination with Hemoglobin.
• Breathing becomes faster in fever due to
oxygen carrying capacity of blood becomes
lower.
• Oxygen is carried in human beings through
chiefly by the ammonia molecule.
• Oxygen is transported to various parts of the
body through Erythrocytes.
Ans. 22. (d)
Exp: A synthetic diamond (also known as an
artificial diamond, cultured diamond, or
cultivated diamond) is diamond produced in
an artificial process, as opposed to natural
diamonds, which are created by geological
processes. Synthetic diamond is also widely
known as HPHT diamond or CVD diamond
after the two common production methods
(referring to the high-pressure high-
temperature and chemical vapor deposition
vvvvvv
crystal formation methods, respectively).
Because diamond is mechanically and
chemically stable, it can be used as an
electrode under conditions that would
destroy traditional materials. As an electrode,
synthetic diamond can be used in waste water
treatment of organic effluents and the
production of strong oxidants.
Ans. 23. (c)
Exp: The examples of natural carbon sink:
• Absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans.
• Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants.
Ans. 24. (c)
Exp: Coal gasification is the process of producing
syngas [a mixture consisting of carbon
monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon
dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)].
In current practice, large-scale instances of
coal gasification are primarily for electricity
generation, for production of chemical feed
stocks, or for production of synthetic natural
gas. Gas output may be combusted for
electricity production.
The hydrogen obtained from coal gasification
can be used for various purposes such as
making ammonia, powering a hydrogen
economy, or upgrading fossil fuels.
Compared to traditional coal mining and
processing, the underground coal gasification
eliminates surface damage and solid waste
discharge, and reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2)
and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.
Ans. 25. (a)
Exp: Noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless,
and nonflammable gases under standard
conditions. In the periodic table, the noble
gases are arranged according to their boiling
point.