Zwangerschap en farmacie

What are known teratogens?

alcohol
carbamazepine
cytotoxic chemotherapy
DES
isotretinoin and etretinate
lithium
methimazole
misoprostol

known teratogens?
phenytoin**
thalidomide**
trimethoprim
valproic acid
warfarin
A third of Australian women take medication while pregnant . ...
the last menstrual period , medication does not change the
woman's baseline ... The following medicines should be avoided ,
particularly during the first trimester:.--->>What period of
pregnancy should medication be avoided if possible?-1st
trimester - organogenesis-brain development
In general, salicylates, which are very similar to aspirin ,
should be avoided during pregnancy . Aspirin is probably the
most ... Aspirin absolutely should never be used during the
last three months of pregnancy . The only exception is when
low Absolutely avoid products containing: • Retinol or Retin A.
• Accutane. ... Salicylic acid is a potential problem because
it is related to aspirin ....->>>When should aspirin absolutely
be avoid during pregnancy?
3rd trimester
increased risk for hemorrhage
inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis - construction of ductus
arteriosus, decrease blood flow to primary organs

Isotretinoin and pregnancy. The most frequently reported

severe birth defects involved the central nervous system
(microcephaly or hydrocephalus) and the cardiovascular system
(anomalies of the great vessels). Microtia or absence of
external ears were also noted in a majority of cases.

Cervical ripening is a process which culminates in the

softening and distensibility of the cervix, and facilitates
labour and delivery. Unripe cervix ... Dinoprostone (PGE2) is
the prostaglandin most commonly used for cervical ripening . The
local ...In addition, human semen is a biological source of
prostaglandins used for cervical ripening . According to a
Cochrane Review, sexual intercourse with breast stimulation
would appear beneficial, but safety issues have not been fully
evaluated, ...
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What is cervical ripening?
softening and effacement - aids in opening of cervix
rearrangement of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle
dilation - caused by degradation of collagen by proteolytic
enzymes
What medications can be used for cervical ripening?
prostaglandin e2 - Prepidil gel, Cervodil
prostaglandin e1 - Cytotec
Bij astma bestaan niet-medicamenteuze adviezen uit stoppen met
roken, voldoende beweging, vermijding van prikkels en
gewichtsreductie bij obesitas. Bij minder frequente
astmaklachten (≤ 2×/week) is 'zo nodig'-gebruik van een
kortwerkend β2-sympathicomimeticum (zoals terbutaline)
aangewezen.->>>What is terbutaline drug class?
Beta 2 agonist
pregnancy --found an increase in the clearance of terbutaline
during pregnancy resulting in lower plasma concentrations.
pregnancy -- Terbutaline is medication that may be used to treat
preterm labor. ... Preterm labor happens before the 37th week
of pregnancy and is characterized by uterine ...
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What is terbutaline dose?
2.5 - 7.5 mg every six hours until 36 or 37 weeks gestation.
Calcium channel blockers ( nifedipine ) and cyclooxygenase
inhibitors (indomethacin) are also used for inhibiting preterm
labour although, in many countries, ...->>What drug is
contraindicated for concurrent dosing with terbutaline?Calcium
channel blocker nifedipine is contraindicated for concurrent
with this beta 2 agonist because skeletal muscle blockade could
occur.
Ductus arteriosis and its role-blood vessel connecting pulmonary
artery to proximal descending aorta

Role during fetal development: allows blood from right ventricle to

bypass fetus's non-functioning lungs, but needs to be closed prior to
delivery for proper lung functioning

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Because most cases of new diagnoses have been in the third
trimester , most of these pregnancies result in live-born ...
NSAIDs should be discontinued after 30 weeks' gestation because
of the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus.----
>>>NSAIDs--3rd trimester - premature closing of ductus
arteriosis, jaundice, brain damaage (fetus), and bleeding in
mother during delivery
First-trimester exposure to paroxetine was compared between
cases and controls by calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR).
We included 678 cases with isolated heart defects and 615
controls. The first trimester exposure rate was 1.5% for ...-
>>>Paroxetine-congenital heart defects - ventricular septal
defects--most other SSRIs cat C --sertraline B
Statins are contraindicated in pregnancy; however, as women
delay pregnancy and statin use increases the risk of statin
exposure in pregnancy is likely to rise. In contrast to some
early reports that statins are teratogenic, more recent
observational studies have called into question the teratogenic
risk of statins. Therefore, whether statins are associated with
congenital anomalies or other pregnancy complications remains
an important clinical question.