Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
%&$0#3&
7*º"%&-."34"
"HVB4BOUB %&4$3*1$*0/%&-04$0/%6$503&4&-&$53*$04
'POPT
'BY
WFOUBT!DPWJTBDM
."5&3*"-"*4-"/5&
&MEFTBSSPMMPEFMBJOEVTUSJBEFMDPOEVDUPSFMÏDUSJDPBJTMBEP
EFTEFTVTJOJDJPTIBTJEPDPOTVTUBODJBT10-*.&3*$"4
&OFMDPNJFO[PGVFSPOOBUVSBMFT
QFSPBUSBWÏTEFMUJFNQPZDPNPDPOTFDVFODJBEFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMBUFDOPMPHÓB
ZMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOFOMBTÞMUJNBTEÏDBEBT
TFDPOTUSVZFSPOBJTMBOUFTDPOEFUFSNJOBEBTQSPQJFEBEFTFMÏDUSJDBT
UÏSNJDBTZNFDÈOJDBTEFBDVFSEPBTVFNQMFP
&MNBUFSJBMBJTMBOUFTFDPMPDBFOUPSOPBMDPOEVDUPSEFTOVEP
EFUBMGPSNBRVFMPDVCSBUPUBMNFOUFZDPO
VOFTQFTPSBEFDVBEPBMBUFOTJØOEFTFSWJDJPEFMDPOEVDUPS
DPOFMmOEFRVFFM$BNQP&MÏDUSJDPBRVFFTUB
TPNFUJEPFMBJTMBNJFOUP
TFBNVZJOGFSJPSBMBUFOTJØOEFQFSGPSBDJØOPSJHJEF[EJFMÏDUSJDBEFMNFEJP
-PT1PMÓNFSPTTPOTVTUBODJBTDPNQVFTUBTEFNBDSPNPMÏDVMBTRVFIBOTJEPGPSNBEBTQPSNPMÏDVMBT NPOØNFSPT
PHSVQPQFRVF×PEFNPMÏDVMBTRVFTFSFQJUFO
&TUÈOEJWJEJEBTFOEPTHSBOEFTÈSFBT
)PNPQPMÓNFSPT'PSNBEPQPSSFBDDJPOFTEFNPOØNFSPTJHVBMFT
$PQPMÓNFSPT &TUÈODPOTUJUVJEPTQPSBMPNFOPTEPTNPOØNFSPTEJGFSFOUFTRVFQPMJNFSJ[BOKVOUPT
0USBDMBTJmDBDJØORVFTFMFEBBMPTQPMÓNFSPTFTUBEBEBQPSTVDPNQPSUBNJFOUPUÏSNJDPZNFDÈOJDPFO
5&3.01-«45*$04
4VTUBODJBTRVFBUFNQFSBUVSBBNCJFOUFTPOUFOBDFT
EVSBTZIBTUBRVFCSBEJ[BT
BMBVNFOUBSTVUFNQFSBUVSB
MMFHBOBTFSNPMEFBCMFT
TPMEBCMFTZQVFEFOMMFHBSBGVOEJSTFWVFMWFOBTVFTUBEPOBUVSBMBMFOGSJBSTF UJFOFVO
QSPDFTPSFWFSTJCMF
&-"45».&304
4VTUBODJBTFMÈTUJDBTBCBKBTUFNQFSBUVSBTRVFNBOUJFOFOTVFTUBEPZDPNQPSUBNJFOUPBMBVNFOUBSMB
UFNQFSBUVSB
TJFOEPJOGVTJCMFTZOPTPMVCMFT
4645"/$*"4*/5&3.&%*"4
5JFOFOQSPQJFEBEFTEFBNCPT
UFOBDFTPFMÈTUJDPT
TFQVFEFOGVOEJSBBMUBTUFNQFSBUVSBTZQVFEFOTFSTPMEBCMFT
-PTNBUFSJBMFTBJTMBOUFTEFCFOQSFTFOUBSPUSBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTRVFQFSNJUBOEFmOJSDVÈMFTFMDBCMFNÈTBEFDVBEP
QBSBDBEBUJQPEFBJTMBDJØO
$6"%303&46.&/%&-0413*/$*1"-&410-¶.&30465*-*;"%04103$07*4"
-JCSFEFIBMØHFOPT
XXXDPWJTBDM "
$"3"$5&3¶45*$"426¶.*$"4
"CTPSDJØOEFBHVBZSFTJTUFODJBBMBIVNFEBE
(SBEPEFQPMJNFSJ[BDJØO
WVMDBOJ[BDJØOPSFUJDVMBDJØO
3FTJTUFODJBBMP[POP
3FTJTUFODJBBMBBDDJØOTPMBS
3FTJTUFODJBBMBSBEJBDJØOVMUSBWJPMFUB
3FTJTUFODJBBMBSBEJBDJØOHBNNB
3FTJTUFODJBBMBPYJEBDJØO
3FTJTUFODJBBMPTIJESPDBSCVSPT
3FTJTUFODJBBMPTBHFOUFTDPSSPTJWPT
$"3"$5&3¶45*$"4'¶4*$"4
5FSNPQMÈTUJDJEBE
$SJTUBMJOJEBE
3FTJTUFODJBBMBHSJFUBNJFOUPPHFMJmDBDJØO
3FTJTUFODJBBMDBMPSZPBMGSÓP
3FTJTUFODJBBMGVFHP
5FNQFSBUVSBTNÈYJNBTEFTFSWJDJPZTPCSFDBSHB
5FNQFSBUVSBEFDPSUPDJSDVJUP
$"3"$5&3¶45*$"4.&$«/*$"4
3FTJTUFODJBBMBUSBDDJØO
$BSHBEFSPUVSB
"MBSHBNJFOUPBMBSPUVSB
3FTJTUFODJBBMBMBSHBNJFOUPQFSNBOFOUF
3FTJTUFODJBBMBBCSBTJØO
3FTJTUFODJBBMFOWFKFDJNJFOUP
FUD
&MNBUFSJBMDPOEVDUPSNÈTFMBJTMBOUFDMBTJmDBOBMDPOEVDUPSBJTMBEP
EFTEFFMQVOUPEFWJTUBFMÏDUSJDP"FTUPTFMFNFOUPTTFB×BEFVOUFSDFSP
FMRVFUJFOFDPNPNJTJØOQSPUFHFSBM
DPOEVDUPSDPOUSBEJTUJOUPTUJQPTEFBHSFTJPOFT
4FHÞOTVOBUVSBMF[BTFQVFEFOEJTUJOHVJSFOFTUBTEPTDBUFHPSÓBT
* 1SPUFDDJØODPOUSBEB×PTEFUJQPFMÏDUSJDP
B$BQBTTFNJDPOEVDUPSBT
C$VCJFSUBTJOUFSJPSFTPFYUFSJPSFT
QBOUBMMBT
** 1SPUFDDJØODPOUSBEB×PTEFPSJHFONFDÈOJDPT
D"SNBEVSB
E$VCJFSUBT JOUFSOBTPFYUFSOBT
1305&$$*0/&4
"$"1"44&.*$0/%6$503"4
%FMHBEBTDBQBTEFQPMÓNFSPT
NF[DMBEPTDPOQSPEVDUPTTFNJDPOEVDUPSFT-PTRVFUJFOFODPNPGVODJØOFWJUBS
RVFQVOUPTIVFDPTEFMDPOEVDUPSQFSNBOF[DBOTPNFUJEPTBJOUFOTPTDBNQPTFMÏDUSJDPT
FOMPTRVFMBQSFTFODJB
EFBJSFPWBQPSEFBHVBQVFEFOEBSPSJHFOBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFEFTDBSHBTQBSDJBMFT
#1"/5"--"4
&MFNFOUPTNFUÈMJDPTDVZBGVODJØOFTMBQSPUFDDJØOFMÏDUSJDB&TUBTQVFEFOUFOFSMBNJTJØOEFQSPUFHFSBM
DPOEVDUPSDPOUSBJOUFSGFSFODJBTFYUFSJPSFTFMFDUSPTUÈUJDBTPFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDBTZMBIPNPHFOJ[BDJØOEFMDBNQP
FMÏDUSJDPFODBCMFTEFUFOTJØONBZPSB,7
$POTUSVDUJWBNFOUFMBQBOUBMMBQVFEFFTUBSJOUFHSBEBQPS
$JOUBEFQBQFMNFUBMJ[BEP
QBSBQBOUBMMBTFMFDUSPTUÈUJDBT
5SFO[BEFIJMPTEFDPCSFPUSFO[BNJYUBEFIJMPTUFYUJMFTZEFDPCSF
QBSBQBOUBMMBTFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDBTEF
DBCMFTnFYJCMFT
$PSPOBEFIJMPTEFDPCSF
QBSBDBCMFTEFNFEJBZBMUBUFOTJØO
$PSPOBNJYUBEFIJMPTEFDPCSFZBDFSP
QBSBDBCMFTEFPCSBTQÞCMJDBTZNJOFSÓB
5VCPEFQMPNP
FODBTPEFDBCMFEFQBQFMJNQSFHOBEP
" XXXDPWJTBDM
$"3."%63"4
&MFNFOUPTNFUÈMJDPTDVZBGVODJØOQBSUJDVMBSFTMBQSPUFDDJØONFDÈOJDB1VFEFOEJTF×BSTFQBSBQSPUFHFSBM
DPOEVDUPSDPOUSBFTGVFS[PTDPSUBOUFT
EFUSBDDJØO
DPOUSBSPFEPSFT
FUD
%$6#*&35"4
3FDJCFOFTUFOPNCSFMPTFMFNFOUPTEFQSPUFDDJØONFDÈOJDBOPNFUÈMJDPT
RVFTJSWFOQBSBQSPUFHFSBMDBCMF
EFFMFNFOUPTEB×JOPTFYUFSJPSFT
ZBTFBOFTUPTRVÓNJDPT
CJPMØHJDPT
BUNPTGÏSJDPT
BCSBTJWPT
FUDPQBSB
NFKPSBSEFUFSNJOBEBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTJOUFSOBT
DPNPNBUFSJBMEFSFMMFOPQBSBEBSGPSNBDJMÓOESJDBBMPTDBCMFT
NVMUJDPOEVDUPSFT5BNCJÏOQBSBTPQPSUBSFTGVFS[PTEFUSBDDJØO
CBSSFSBBOUJMMBNBFOMPTDBCMFTSFTJTUFOUFTBM
GVFHPPDPNPBTJFOUPTEFBSNBEVSBQBSBFWJUBSRVFFTUBEB×FBMPTDPOEVDUPSFT
$6"%30$0.1"3"5*70$0.16&4504"*4-"/5&4
&45*-&/01301*-&/0&1%.
$-03630%&10-*7*/¶-*$0
5&3.010-¶.&30%&
5&3.01-«45*$051&
3&5*$6-"%09-1&
10-*63&5"/0
&-"45».&30
$-03630%&
10-*&5*-&/0
10-*&5*-&/0
10-*&5*-&/0
/"563"-1&
10-*7*/*-0
/&(301&
6/*%"%
"-$3:/
17$
516
17$
%FOTJEBE
(SDN
%VSF[B )BSE " "
" " "
OFTT $ %
5¡EF4FSWJDJP
¡$
3FTJTUBMB ,HG
5SBDDJØO NN
&MPOHBDJØO
5¡EF'SBHJ
$¡
MJEBE
3FTJTUJW
7PMVNÏUSJDB DN Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
B¡$
6TPT ""JTM $ " " " $ "$ $"$ $ "$
$$6#
$BCMFTEF'VFS[B
$POUSPMnFYJCMFT
$BCMFTEF4PMEBEPSBZnFYJCMFT
$BCMFTSFTJTUFOUFTBMJNQBDUP
BCSBTJØO
BDFJUFT
TPMWFOUFT
ZDPOUSPM
5JQP9$4
9$$5
JOUFNQFSJF5JQP3*
UFMFGPO
$BCMFTEFGVFS[B
DPOUSPM
$BCMFTEF'VFS[B
%JTUSJC
$BCMFTEF%JTUSJCVDJØO
FOCBKBUFOTJØO5))/
'VFS[B
5JQP$4
BDFJUFT
FUD
9$.
FUD
$BCMFTEF
UFOTJØO
4& 4+&
XXXDPWJTBDM "