USB - Greg Ross - Society of Underwater Technology 2014

Preferred partner
Society of Underwater Technology

Subsea Awareness Course – Control Systems
Greg Ross| VP Australia
Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Preferred partner

What is Controls?
Open and close valves
Take readings
i.e. the operator wants to –
 Be in charge of flow from the well
 And know what his well is doing
Picture obtained from:

http://ugly-christmas-trees.com
Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 2 SUT Preferred partner

Subsea Production Systems are More Involved

What does a Control System Do?
■ Subsea items Controlled by the system
■ Low Pressure Valves (tree, manifold)
■ High Pressure Valves (downhole safety valves)
■ Chokes
■ Chemical Metering Valves

■ Subsea items Monitored by the system
■ Temperature
■ Pressure
■ Choke Position
■ Flow rates Oil & Gas & Multiphase

■ Typical Subsea devices connected to the system
■ Down Hole Gauges
■ Multiphase & Wet Gas Flow Meters
■ Venturi Flow meters
■ Sand Detectors
■ Hydrocarbon Leak Detectors
■ Chemical injection valves

Subsea Control Module
(SCM)
SCM Mounting Base
Chemical Injection
Throttle Valve
The Tap
To isolate and
regulate flow
Sensors
Chemical Injection
Throttle Valve

Hydraulic Distribution
Manifold Control Module

(MCM)
The Manifold is a Collection Point

for the output from various wells
and a connection and isolation
point for the pipeline
Now we
need to
connect
the tree
to the
manifold…

(Pigging Loop)
Well jumpers
Flowline Spool
Umbilical
…and the manifold

back to topside

How have Control Systems
Developed?

Types Of Control System
A - Direct Hydraulic
B - Piloted Hydraulic
C - Sequence Hydraulic
D - Electro-Hydraulic (E/H)
E - Multiplex Electro Hydraulic (MUX)
F - All Electric System

The Simply Case – Direct Hydraulics
 Principle
 Xmas Tree valve actuators connected via dedicated hydraulic lines to
topsides control
 Xmas Tree instruments connected via dedicated wires to topsides control
 Main components
 Hydraulic Power Supply (HPU) with Hydraulic control panel
 Instrument panel meters
 Advantages
 Simplicity and cost effective components, hence still common in use
 Disadvantages
 Very slow reaction time; complex and expensive umbilical
 Application
 Shallow waters
 Short distance from platform
 Small number of wells, say 1 to 3
Evolution
 Sequential hydraulics
 One hydraulic line
 One multi-output hydraulic valve whereby the number of outputs activated is
proportional to applied pressure
 Very rare, very slow and unreliable, probably non-existent by now
 Piloted hydraulics
 One hydraulic supply line, plus
 For each Xmas Tree valve actuator,
one small bore hydraulic pilot line activating a directional pilot control valve
 Slowish, but good and reliable solution for low complexity system
 Rare, but still occasionally used
 Both the above would have

 Xmas Tree instruments connected via dedicated wires to topsides control
 Or some form of electrical multiplex for instrumentation
 Leading to: Electro/hydraulic multiplex systems

 Why?
A - Direct Hydraulic Control
Hydraulic Power Unit
Return
Accumulator
Reservoir Wellhead
Control
Supply Panel
Pump
■ OPERATION
To open the tree valve, the operator sets the Wellhead Umbilical
Control Panel valve to the open position, directing high
pressure control fluid to the valve actuator.
■ To close the tree valve, the operator sets the WHCP TREE
valve to the close position, venting hydraulic fluid from ACTUATOR
the actuator back to the reservoir.
VALVE

B - Piloted Hydraulic
Return
Hydraulic
Supply
Power Unit Wellhead
Control
Panel
■ OPERATION
To open the tree valve, the
operator sets the Wellhead Control Umbilical
Panel valve to the open position,
directing high pressure control fluid
to the pilot valve in the SCM. The
pilot valve opens allowing fluid to Subsea
flow from the accumulator in the Control
SCM into the tree valve actuator. Module
■ To close the tree valve, the (SCM)
operator sets the WHCP valve to
the close position, venting TREE
hydraulic fluid from the pilot valve, ACTUATOR
allowing the valve actuator to vent
through the pilot valve back to the
reservoir. VALVE

C - Sequence Hydraulic
Return
Hydraulic
Power Unit Supply
Wellhead
Control
Panel
Umbilical
Subsea
Control
Module
P1 P2 P3 (SCM)
TREES
ACTUATOR ACTUATOR ACTUATOR
V1 V2 V3
VALVE VALVE VALVE

D - Electro-Hydraulic
Return
Hydraulic
Power Unit Supply
Master
Control Umbilical
Station Power
Supply
Subsea
OPERATION Control
To open the tree valve, the Module
operator closes the appropriate (SCM)
switch on the MCS panel. This
energises the solenoid in the pilot TREE
valve, allowing hydraulic fluid to flow
ACTUATOR
into the tree valve actuator.
VALVE

E - Multiplexed Electro-Hydraulic
Master Electrical Hydraulic
Control Power Unit Power Unit
Station
Umbilical
Signal Power Hydraulic
Subsea
Control
Module
Subsea Electronics
(SCM)
Module
ACTUATOR
Sensors TREE
Pressure, Temperature, etc
VALVE

E - Multiplexed Electro-Hydraulic
■ To open a tree valve,
■ the operator uses the MCS VDU and keyboard to request the required valve
movement.
■ The MCS sends a coded message to the SEM,
■ The SEM interprets the message and energises the appropriate solenoid
operated pilot valve
■ This allows hydraulic fluid to flow into the tree valve actuator.
■ When there are no valve operations to be made, the MCS polls

the SEM to retrieve sensor data which is then displayed on the
VDU as required.

Multiplexed Electro-Hydraulic
Station
Umbilical
Subsea Distribution Unit
Subsea Subsea
Subsea Subsea
Tree
Electronics Electronics
Tree
Module Module
Control Control
Module Module
Subsea
Subsea Subsea
Tree
Electronics
Subsea
Tree
Electronics
Module
Control Control
Module
Module Module

The Multiplexed Electro-Hydraulic system allows many Subsea Control
Modules to be connected to the same communications, electrical and
hydraulic supply lines.
The result is that many wells can be controlled via one simple umbilical,
which is terminated at a Subsea Distribution Unit. From the SDU, the
connections to the individual wells and SCMs are made with jumper
assemblies.
These systems give good response times over long distances (> 75 km),
the limitation being the recharging of the hydraulic supply over
such a long distance.

F - All Electric System
SPCS EPU
Umbilical
Subsea Power To other Tree Modules

Ethernet
Conversion
SCM Power X-MAS TREE

Power
Distribution
Subsea Electronics Control

} To Other Actuators
Module (Dual CAN)
Actuator
Servo-SEM Drive Control
Sensors Drive Train

Pressure, Temperature,
etc
VALVE

What are the components of a
Subsea Control System?

Station
Umbilical
Subsea Distribution Unit
Subsea Subsea
Subsea Subsea
Tree
Electronics Electronics
Tree
Module Module
Control Control
Module Module
Subsea
Subsea Subsea
Tree
Electronics
Subsea
Tree
Electronics
Module
Control Control
Module
Module Module

Control System Topside Equipment
Electrical Power Unit (EPU)
Master Control Station (MCS)

or
Data Acquisition Subsea Hydraulic Power Unit (HPU)
Control Unit (iConSCU)
or
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Subsea Control System – Connected (MCS Based)
Operator’s Supervisory System
(DCS)
Hydraulic Power Unit Electrical Power Unit
(HPU) (EPU)
Master Control
Station (MCS)
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
Xmas Trees, including
Dynamic Subsea Manifold Subsea Control Module (SCM)
and Distribution and instrumentation
Umbilical Flying
Leads
Static Umbilical
Confidential
SUT © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 28 Preferred partner
Typical Field Equipment: Hydraulic Power Unit
Stainless steel enclosure size varies in accordance with:
Reservoir size - Number of accumulators - I/O requirements
Confidential
Control Options - Hydraulics
Closed Loop Hydraulics
Summary
· fluids are generally oil based
HPU
· all used fluid is returned to the
HPU
TOPSIDE
Advantages
SUBSEA
· low OPEX to control fluid
UMBILICAL · more viscous fluid, lubricates
better
SUPPLY LINE RETURN LINE Disadvantages
· slow response time as all control
fluid flow takes place in both
ACC supply and return lines
SUBSEA · accumulation required to
CONTROL improve the slow
MODULE response pressure surges in
return line
· increase size of umbilical for
return lines
VALVE
Confidential
Open Loop Hydraulics
Summary
HPU · fluid is water based
· all spent fluid is
TOPSIDE vented to sea
SUBSEA Advantages
UMBILICAL · less viscous fluid,
less resistance to
flow gives faster
SUPPLY LINE response time
ACC Disadvantages
TO SEA
· high OPEX fluid costs,
SUBSEA valve closure vents
CONTROL fluid to sea
MODULE
· Poorer fluid lubricity
To tree
pressure
compensation
system
VALVE
Confidential
Dual Hydraulic Pressure Distribution

Low Pressures for tree and manifold valves
HPU High Pressures for subsurface safety valve
LP HP
TOPSIDE
Advantages
· simple
SUBSEA · reliability
UMBILICAL · flexibility
Disadvantages
· Higher cost for umbilical and
SUBSEA CONTROL distribution (high pressure and low
MODULE (SCM) pressure hoses)
· Higher cost for HPU, requires two set of
pumps etc. (High and Low pressure)
ACT ACT
TREE SSSV
VALVE VALVE
Confidential
Single Intensification
HP
LP
U
TOPSIDE
Low Pressures
SUBSEA
For tree and manifold valves
UMBILICAL
High Pressures
For subsurface safety valve
SUBSEA CONTROL Advantages
MODULE (SCM) 500 bar
207 bar · 1 hose line in umbilical, and lower
cost for distribution
DUMP VALVE
· lower HPU cost
CONTROL VALVE Disadvantages
500 bar · Potentially less reliable
· less flexible, cannot control LP and
ACT ACT HP pressures independently
TREE SSSV
VALVE VALVE
Confidential
Hydraulic Mimic

Typical Field Equipment: Electrical Power
Contributing Factors :
Power transmission
System power requirements
Umbilical monitoring
System monitoring and
maintenance requirements
Constant voltage requirements
Confidential
Electrical Power Unit Mimic

Typical Field Equipment: Master Control Station
■ Standard 19” racking system.
■ Fault tolerant server
■ Familiar Interface
■ Standard hardware.
■ Data hand-off to other windows
packages
■ Network connections
Confidential
Well Mimic

Control Options - Electrical
Separate Electrical Power and Communications

ADVANTAGES
MCS EPU Simple
TOPSIDE Reliable
Can connect a large number of
SUBSEA
modules to the same line.
Flexibility
FSK ac power
(1200Hz - 2200Hz) (single phase) DISADVANTAGES
comms 2 pairs of wires required, hence
SIGNAL POWER greater umbilical and
distribution costs.
SUBSEA ELECTRONICS
MODULE (SEM) SUBSEA CONTROL
MODULE (SCM)
SUBSEA MUX

Control Options - Electrical
Combined Electrical Power and Communications

ADVANTAGES
MCS EPU 1 pair of wires required, hence
lower umbilical and
distribution costs
combiner
splitter
TOPSIDE
SUBSEA
DISADVANTAGES
More complex, hence potentially
less reliable.
POWER AND SIGNAL
Power supply must be free from
noise and distortion.
combiner Limitations with the
splitter
combiner/splitter allows a lower
SUBSEA ELECTRONICS SUBSEA CONTROL
MODULE (SEM) MODULE (SCM) number of modules per line
SUBSEA MUX

TUTU (Topside Umbilical Termination Unit)

Typical Field Equipment: Umbilical
TYPICAL TERMINATION HEAD PREPARED FOR HORIZONTAL TIE-IN
UMBILICAL TERMINATION ASSEMBLY

Typical Field Equipment: Subsea Distribution Unit
■ Four well system application

■ Electrical Connectors at the top
■ Umbilical entry at right of the picture
■ Hydraulic stabplates on the sides of the unit

Electrical & Optical Connectors

Diver Mateable Connectors

The Tronic Digitron Connector

Umbilicals – Connect the System Together
Confidential
Confidential
Typical Field Equipment Stabplate Interface
ROV intervention connections (diver

connections have different locking
mechanism)
Termination for all interface connections:

·hydraulic / electrical
·chemical
·intermediate parking
Standard API ROV interface

·intervention tooling

Subsea Interconnection Flying Leads (Jumpers)
Hydraulic Flying Lead –
showing ROV stabplates (MQC plates)
Electrical Flying Lead –

showing ROV connectors
Stabplate

Subsea Control Modules

Standard monolock™ Control Module

Key Features
■ Outer diameter
■ 860mm
■ Height from base plate to top of monolock
■ 1710mm
■ Estimated fully configured weight
■ 2500kg
■ Compliance with ISO 13628-6
■ Single point lock and lift monolock via API 17D
Class 4 ‘bucket’
■ Top ROV access for Electrical Connectors and
bottom for Electro / Hydraulic Connectors

Key Features
■ Configurable using common core components

■ 345bar LP and 1035bar HP rating
■ Dual supply, up to 24 hydraulic functions
■ Single supply, up to 26 hydraulic functions
■ Up to 8 x HP functions, remainder as LP functions
■ 12 function (up to 4 x HP) using half-height manifolds to reduce total
height
■ 20 litre LP accumulation (bladder)
■ 5 litre HP accumulation (bladder or piston)
■ Connections for additional externally mounted accumulators

Key Features (cont.)
Compensation Return Line
Bladders Compensation
Vent to Sea
Valves

Subsea Electronic Module (SEM)

Subsea Electronic Module
iCon Subsea Electronics Module (SEM) specification
Depth rating: 3000m

Housing environment: One atmosphere dry nitrogen
Electronics design temp: -25 to +70 oC
Qualification shock & vibration: Generally to BS EN 60068 & BS 2011
ESS testing: Based upon NAVMAT P-9492
EMC: EMC compliance with relevant CE directives
Electronic components: Industrial grade

iCon SEM - Block Diagram (typical)
Combined
Power/Comms
CPS Filter 260-500VAC, 50/60hz
(Optional) FSK / DSP
40off solenoids
Standard Comms 40 Solenoid
FSK / DSP or Fibre Driver Or 38+1
Board Failsafe per
board
Standard Power
240-500VAC,
Transforme 50/60hz
r
28off 4-20mA
Analogue analogue inputs
Input
Analogue
Board
Input Or 20+8 pulse
+24VDC Board counters
+5VDC
PSU &
Rectifier +24VDC
Unit AUX
4 channels
Serial RS485 (mixed
Comms protocols)
Board +24VDC power
Modem Microcontroll
Board er Assembly
Profibus DP
Schlumberger,
Wood Group,
DHPT
Interface Expro DHPT
Board support

iCon SEM - System Specifications
• Depth rating:
3000m
• Housing external dimensions:

180mm dia x 640mm long
• SEM approx weight:

Seawater washed = 61kg
Oil immersed = 49kg
• Electronics design temperature:
-25 to +70 °C
• SEM test temperature:

-25 to +70 °C (housing off)
• SEM operational temperature:

-10 to +40 °C
• SEM storage temperature:

-40 to +70 °C
• Qualification shock & • EMC:
vibration: Full EMC compliance to
ISO 13628-6 relevant CE directives
• ESS testing: • Electronic components:

ISO 13628-6 Industrial grade (min)

iCon SEM - Qualification Testing
Housing hyperbaric pressure test to 4500m depth
Storage temperature -25 to 70°C (non operational)

Thermal shock -25 to +40°C (non operational)
Temperature cycling -25 to +40°C (operational)
Burn in 48 hrs at -10°C and 48 hrs at 70°C (operational, housing
off)
Shock 30g, 11ms half sine wave

Vibration resonance search
Vibration endurance sweep
Random vibration
Topple test
Drop test packaged
Umbilical testing
Fluid compatibility
Electrical insulation and flash tests
Electro Magnetic Compatibility

Remote Power Control (RPC)
Background:
■ Large subsea developments can be severely
effected by electrical faults occurring subsea.
RPC advantages:
■ Will monitor individual SEM’s for electrical
faults.
■ Will automatically isolates faulty SEM’s.
■ Allow manual isolation of SEM’s.
Dalia RPC SEM
Confidential
Subsea Control System & Safety Systems
 Emergency Shut Down (ESD)
 Normally, Subsea Control System are not Safety Systems
 Platform ESD acts directly on HPU and/or EPU to isolate the system to safe
 Say a safety incident occurs
 ESD deactivates HPU & EPU Platform ESD Safety
System Incident
 Umbilical discharged
 Trees isolated DCS
having bi-passed HPU EPU
the system’s
programmable logic MCS
Distribution Xmas Trees / SCMs

Umbilical
 Typically aim is to achieve
safety integrity level – SIL2
Other Safety System Aspects
 HP / HT Fields
 PSD Loops, may require upgrading the Control System to a
safety system at safety integrity level – SIL1 or SIL2
 HIPPS – High Integrity Pressure Protection System

 Long distance pipeline – reduce pipe schedule
 Marginal HP developments – tie-in to existing infrastructures
 HP developments using FPSO – permit usage of flexible risers
Usually requiring safety integrity level – SIL3
 For safety system standards, refer to:

 IEC 61508
 OLF Guidelines
 IEC 61511

Subsea HIPPs System
■ Several wells feed a single production pipeline
■ Uneconomic to size the pipeline for the total well pressure
■ Barrier valve closes in the event of an overpressure condition in a pre-
determined time
■ High pressure shutdown instigated by 2oo4 voting from 4 upstream
pressure sensors
PT
Methanol
PT PT PT PT
Annulus Bleed
HIPPS system layout schematic

High Integrity Pipeline Protection System (HIPPS)
 ROV deployed SCM

 Fully autonomous and
independent safety
controller rated for SIL-3
 Dual SEM Electronics
 2oo4 Voting system
 Dual Solenoid coil
operation

Kristin HIPPS System During Load-out

The Need for Distribution Analyses: Hydraulic, Electrical
HPU
Xmas tree valves
Umbilical
Closed
Open
 One issue requiring analysis is temporary pressure loss Open

Closed
 Start the HPU –
The umbilical charges up very slowly, typically a 30 to 60 minutes process
 Lets open a tree valve –
Note: this causes a blip of partial discharge and then slow recovery
 Now lets open the other valve, say a bigger valve
There is a risk that due to the downwards pressure blip the valve could
fail to remain open and other open valves may also drop out!
 There are many other issues requiring analysis; hence we can conclude:
 Say 3/8” umbilical lines were used successfully on a previous project,
this is no guarantee that it would also work for the next project
 A similar logic applies to electrical power and communication
 Analyses MUST be performed by Controls vendor
prior to umbilical procurement!
Video of how the control system
operates

Valves

SOLENOID PARTS
SPINDLE -----SEAT-------BALL----CUP

Valve schematic shown in closed position
open pilot close pilot
de-energised de-energised
pilot function
return
supply

How have these components
been brought together to build
a system?

Subsea Areas of Operation
Tranby
Ågotnes Lysaker
Aberdeen Moss
Maidenhead
Paris
Houston
Mobile Cairo
Dubai Mumbai
Bangkok
Lagos & Port Harcourt
Kuala Lumpur
Batam Singapore
Luanda Jakarta
Macaé
Rio
Subsea Locations Curitiba Perth
Deepwater Regions
Surface Products/Opportunities

Regional drivers in subsea technology
North Sea – Barents Sea

• Norwegian operators are very technology demanding
• Smaller tie-back projects
• Large gas fields – few projects,
• Long step-out – long term technology strategy – mainly
control systems development
• Subsea boosting
USA
• Deepwater field technology
• Standardisation
• Long tie-backs, higher loads SEA & WOA
• HPHT Field developments • Deepwater field technology – large volume, cost
• Subsea boosting effective products and operation
Brazil • Both horizontal and vertical tree concepts need to be
developed and standardized + slim bore systems
• Standardisation
• Optimized Tie-in concepts for deepwater
• Value Engineering
• Subsea boosting
• Other operators are entering the area

Shell Penguins
■ UKNS Continental Shelf
■ Supply of Controls & Umbilicals
Under Framework Agreement
■ Project Start 2001
■ 6 Subsea Control Modules
■ 67km Umbilical Step-out
■ IOPPS Equipped

Burullus Scarab / Saffron – Egypt
■ Nile Delta
■ Project 2001
■ 8 Subsea Control Modules
■ ROV Installation
■ 500m Water Depth
■ 90km Step-out
■ Awarded West Delta Deep
Phase IV in 2006.

Canyon Express – Gulf of Mexico
■ Gulf of Mexico
■ Kings Peak
■ Aconcagua
■ Camden Hills
■ Project Start 2000
■ Fibre Optical Subsea System
■ 2200m Water Depth
■ 95km Step-out
Kings
Camden Hills Peak
Aconcaqua
Confidential
Kikeh – first Asia Pacific deepwater field development in 13
Confidential
Reliance KDG-06 Communications
■ Fully Dual Subsea System with dual links to each SEM
■ Networked TCP/IP Ethernet Fibre Optic Communications hub
■ Networked Ethernet Electrical Modems
■ Automatic re-routing on fault
■ Ethernet based CPS backup
■ Subsea Network
■ Report on change data flow

Where is Subsea controls
technology going?

Early and Accelerated Production and IOR
Technology drivers
■ Increased oil & gas recovery
■ Accelerated production
■ Need for hydrate prevention
■ Cost efficient field developments
■ Fast field development time
■ Flexible subsea architecture – mid-life conversion
■ Common components and solutions across entire
business sector

New Technology Areas
■ Open Networks & Standard Communications
■ Standardisation
■ eField and Remote Operations
■ Supporting Boosting and Processing
■ Higher power
■ Longer Distance

Subsea Control System – Connected (Server Based)
Hydraulic Power Unit
Operator’s Supervisory System (HPU)
(DCS)
Local Area Network

Electrical Power Unit
(EPU)
Data Acquisition
& Comms. Server
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
Umbilical Flying
Leads
Static Umbilical
Confidential
Subsea Control System – The Future?
Supervisory System Web Server
Data Historian
Local Area Network
Data Acquisition
Electrical Power Unit Hydraulic Power Unit
& Comms. Server
(EPU) (HPU)
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
Umbilical Flying
Leads
Static Umbilical
Confidential
Subsea Controls - Technology Enablers
 Control System Software/ eField

Advanced Communications  SIIS
 Optical communications  E-field implementation
 Electrical communications
 Remote monitoring
 CPS communications
 Subsea network capability
 Subsea Process control
 Managed routing
 Fault tolerance
Electronic Technologies
 Distributed intelligence
 Low power consumption
 Higher data rates
Hydraulic Technologies
■ High reliability
■ High immunity to dirt
■ Seawater operation
■ Ultra low leakage rate
Long Reach Electrical Distribution

■ Long umbilicals Standard Monolock iConSCM
■ High load users

Open Networks & Standardisation
Open Networks Standardisation

■ Ease of integration ■ Reduced engineering
■ Cross industry technology ■ Reduced delivery time
■ Data rates (faster response) ■ Reduced cost
■ Resources and capabilities (increased ■ System solutions from core

availability of skills) products

Advanced Communications Technologies
■ Ethernet based technology

■ Routing capability
■ Fibre Optics
■ Point to Point
■ 10Mb/s managed networks to 100km
■ 100Mb/d networks to 80km
■ 1GB/S networks to 600km
■ Full Duplex
■ Electrical
■ Faster Copper
■ >56K to 60km
■ Standalone or backup to fibre
■ High speed CPS 24k to 60km
■ Long reach CPS 24k to 130km
■ Exception based protocol

■ Efficient utilisation of bandwidth

Subsea System Standardisation
MCS EPU
Standard Topside
Surface LAN
System
Media Converter Power Interface
Umbilical Matching
Umbilical System
Media Converter Power Interface
Subsea LAN
SEM
Standard Subsea
Tree 3rd party Condition
monitoring
System
instruments systems
Downhole Subsea
systems Processing /
(IWIS ) Boosting

Integration with Standard Configurable Tree

Technology For Tomorrow
Smart Field Technology (eField)

Field Office
Remote Monitoring/Control
Surface
Models/
Subsurface
Data Store Forecasts
Data / Information
Control

Fibre
Optics
Aker Solutions e-field Technologies Secure
links
Subsea
comms
Reliability
Standard
data Power
format Shared
data
Knowledge management
Virtual teams Production optimization
Virtual multiphase flow meter
Remote operations
Condition Monitoring
Umbilical and flowline monitoring Hydrate Management
Fault detection Chemical Injection Management
Surveillance & control production system Sand Management
IWIS interface
Gas-lift optimization
Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 91 SUT
Zone allocation
Preferred partner
Subsea Processing and Boosting
What can we do when we loose pressure
in the system and can’t recover the oil or gas?
How can we make the system more efficient

by processing the product closer to the
seabed?
How can we increase

product recovery
from subsea wells?

Subsea Boosting and Processing Solutions
■ Multiphase pumping
● MultiBooster™ System
■ Raw seawater injection

● SeaBooster™ System
■ Gas/Liquid separation and

liquid pumping
● DeepBooster™ System
■ Two or three phase gravity

separation
● FlexSEP™ System
■ Dry or wet gas compression

● GasBooster™ System
Confidential
BP King Subsea Booster System
■ Networked Optical Ethernet System
■ 10mb/s routed data link
■ ASE 5000 Exception based protocol
■ Installed in Gulf of Mexico 2007

Ormen Lange subsea compression Pilot
Core Version of Pilot Power
supply
.
Scrubber
Main step-down Module Compressor
transformer
Module VSD
Scope of Supply Module
Option 1
Fully equipped
subsea Circuit Breaker’s
compression & Utility Power
station Transformer
UPS
VSD VSD
Pump Compr.
Recycle
cooler
Interface
M
manifold
Pump
unit
Scrubber
Compressor Foundation Bottom
M Structure
Pump
Bypass Export pipeline

Inlet flowline
Lay-out for showing one compressor train
Single line diagram one compressor train

Ormen Lange Data Management System

Long Step-Outs - AC Characteristics

AC V’s DC Power Distribution
Characteristic (Long Umbilical) DC AC
Overall Power Efficiency (typical) 40-60% 10-50%
High Medium
Subsea Equipment Complexity (DC/DC conversion) (Transformers)
Subsea Power Storage Simple More Complex
High Medium
Umbilical Copper Cost (single Conductor) (3-phase)
Connector Specification/Cost High Medium/high
Medium risk Low risk

Corrosion under fault conditions (anodic potential) (Alternating)

600km High voltage + Optical communications
Terminal Power Feed Cable Branching unit Repeater, equalizer

Equipment Equipment
Cable
Survey, Lay, Maintain
station
Network Management

A little bit about Aker Solutions

Oil & Gas - From reservoir to processing facility
1 Land-based production and
processing
2 Terminals
3 Marine concrete structures for
harsh environments 3 1
5 2
4 Floating production, storage & 6 4
offloading (FPSO) vessels
5 Mooring and transfer systems 7
6 Floating LNG and methanol 12

systems 11
8
7 Drilling systems 10 13
8 Tension Leg Platforms (TLP)
9 Riser and tether technologies 9 14
16
10 Semisubmersibles
11 Deep draft semisubmersibles 15
12 LNG terminals, onshore and

offshore
13 Topsides and modules
17
14 Installation and removal
(floatover/mating) 19
15 Jacket technology 18
16 Pipelines and flow assurance 20
17 Subsea solutions
18 Umbilicals and flowlines
19 Downhole technologies
20 Reservoir modelling and
interpretation
Concept
Exploration Operation Rem-
screening FEED EPC Inst.
& drilling oval
Confidential © 2014 Aker& selection
Solutions Slide 102 SUT Maint. Mod. Maint. Preferred partner
Subsea in brief
■ Aker Solutions global subsea business with approximately 3,700 employees

in 23 locations
■ Full lifecycle service provider and industry leader in the supply of subsea
products, systems and aftermarket support
■ Clients include majors, independents and national oil companies worldwide
■ Manufacturing sites in Norway, UK, US, Brazil and Malaysia
Trees, Subsea
Umbilicals &
Subsea systems processing & Controls Aftermarket
Risers
boosting services
Confidential
Investing to maintain industry leadership
■ Expanding capacity and global reach
■ Operational upgrades and streamlining
■ Building aftermarket footprint
■ New base in Kakinada, India
USD 10 million USD 100 million
Houston, Texas Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia
USD 8 million USD 8 million USD 7.5 million USD 10 million USD 3 million USD 10 million
Mobile, Alabama Curitiba, Brazil Aberdeen, Scotland Luanda, Angola Moss, Norway Tranby, Norway

Aker Solutions Manufacturing Centre
Port Klang Free Zone – Pulau Indah 22 May 2007
Trees Machining
Blasting &
Paint Warehouse
Controls
Fabrication
Drilling Risers
Office Building
22 May 2007
Copyright and disclaimer
Copyright
Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and images in this document remains vested in Aker Solutions and
third party contributors as appropriate. Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form nor
used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice shall
be altered or removed from any reproduction.
Disclaimer
This Presentation includes and is based, inter alia, on forward-looking information and statements that are subject to risks and
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ. These statements and this Presentation are based on current expectations,
estimates and projections about global economic conditions, the economic conditions of the regions and industries that are major
markets for Aker Solutions ASA and Aker Solutions ASA’s (including subsidiaries and affiliates) lines of business. These expectations,
estimates and projections are generally identifiable by statements containing words such as “expects”, “believes”, “estimates” or similar
expressions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectations include, among others,
economic and market conditions in the geographic areas and industries that are or will be major markets for Aker Solutions’ businesses,
oil prices, market acceptance of new products and services, changes in governmental regulations, interest rates, fluctuations in currency
exchange rates and such other factors as may be discussed from time to time in the Presentation. Although Aker Solutions ASA believes
that its expectations and the Presentation are based upon reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that those expectations will
be achieved or that the actual results will be as set out in the Presentation. Aker Solutions ASA is making no representation or warranty,
expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Presentation, and neither Aker Solutions ASA nor any of its
directors, officers or employees will have any liability to you or any other persons resulting from your use.
Aker Solutions consists of many legally independent entities, constituting their own separate identities. Aker Solutions is used as the
common brand or trade mark for most of these entities. In this presentation we may sometimes use “Aker Solutions”, “we” or “us” when
we refer to Aker Solutions companies in general or where no useful purpose is served by identifying any particular Aker Solutions
company.
Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 106 19 May, 2014 Preferred partner

USB - Greg Ross - Society of Underwater Technology 2014

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Society of Underwater Technology

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Preferred partner

Picture obtained from:

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 2 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 3 SUT Preferred partner

■ Low Pressure Valves (tree, manifold)

■ High Pressure Valves (downhole safety valves)

■ Chemical Metering Valves

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 4 SUT Preferred partner

■ Flow rates Oil & Gas & Multiphase

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 5 SUT Preferred partner

■ Down Hole Gauges

■ Multiphase & Wet Gas Flow Meters

■ Venturi Flow meters

■ Hydrocarbon Leak Detectors

■ Chemical injection valves

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 6 SUT Preferred partner

SCM Mounting Base

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 8 SUT Preferred partner

Manifold Control Module

The Manifold is a Collection Point

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 10 SUT Preferred partner

…and the manifold

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 11 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 12 SUT Preferred partner

E - Multiplex Electro Hydraulic (MUX)

F - All Electric System

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 13 SUT Preferred partner

 Both the above would have

 Leading to: Electro/hydraulic multiplex systems

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 16 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 17 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 18 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 19 SUT Preferred partner

Signal Power Hydraulic

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 20 SUT Preferred partner

■ The MCS sends a coded message to the SEM,

■ When there are no valve operations to be made, the MCS polls

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 21 SUT Preferred partner

Signal Power Hydraulic

Subsea Distribution Unit

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 22 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 23 SUT Preferred partner

Subsea Power To other Tree Modules

SCM Power X-MAS TREE

Subsea Electronics Control

Module (Dual CAN)

Sensors Drive Train

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 24 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 25 SUT Preferred partner

Signal Power Hydraulic

Subsea Distribution Unit

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 26 SUT Preferred partner

Electrical Power Unit (EPU)

Master Control Station (MCS)

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 27 SUT Preferred partner

Dual Hydraulic Pressure Distribution

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 34 SUT Preferred partner

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 36 SUT Preferred partner

■ Standard 19” racking system.

■ Fault tolerant server

■ Data hand-off to other windows

Confidential © 2014 Aker Solutions Slide 38 SUT Preferred partner