UNIDAD DE GESTIÓN DE

TECNOLOGÍAS
ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DEL EJÉRCITO

SISTEMA DE IGNICIÓN
BY: TEC. AVC. GABRIEL INCA

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 UNIDAD 3
SISTEMA DE ARRANQUE MOTORES TURBOREACTORES

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

UNIDAD 3
ARRANQUE DE MOTOR
• NOMBRE:______________________________________________

• CURSO:_______________________________________________

• NRC:_________________________________________________

• FIRMA:________________________________________________

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 OBJETIVO
• Impartir el conocimiento adquirido profesionalmente y al finalizar el curso el
participante identificará detalladamente los instrumentos de la aeronave, así
como el funcionamiento de sus sistemas básicos involucrados en su operación y
mantenimiento. Lo anterior tendrá como fundamento manuales tanto de training
como de mantenimiento legalmente oficiales de la aeronave a tratarse.

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

LA INFORMACIÓN Y LAS INSTRUCCIONES CONTENIDAS EN ESTAS
DIAPOSITIVAS DEBERÁN SER UTILIZADAS ÚNICAMENTE PARA
PROPÓSITOS DE CAPACITACIÓN. ESTO NO REEMPLAZA O SUPERSEDE
LA INFORMACIÓN CONTENIDA EN LOS MANUALES DE
MANTENIMIENTO DEL FABRICANTE O CUALQUIER OTRA PUBLICACIÓN
OFICIAL.

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

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TIPOS DE ARRANCADORES
• INERTIA STARTER
• SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL
• DIRECT CRANKING STARTERS
• PROVEE UN INSTANTEO Y CONTINUO MOVIMIENTO CUANDO SE ENERGIZA
• PNUMATIC STARTERS
• ELECTRICAL STARTERS
• SMALL ENGINE STARTERS
• LARGE ENGINE STARTERS (PLANETARY GEAR REDUCTION)
• Transforma la alta velocidad y bajo torque en baja velocidad y alto torque.
• STARTER - GENERATORS

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

DIFERENCIA ENTRE UN MOTOR Y UN
GENERADOR

TAREA 1:
ELABORAR EN MÁXIMO CUATRO HOJAS
DE PAPEL BOND:
1. LAS PARTES DE UN
GENERADOR Y UN MOTOR ELÉCTRICO
2. PRINCIPIOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO (AMBOS)
3. DIFERENCIAS EN LA OPERACIÓN

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IMPULSE STARTER

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IMPULSE STARTER
•AN IMPULSE STARTER IS USED WHILE STARTING
LOW / MEDIUM POWERED MAGNETO FITTED
MULTI-CYLINDER PISTON ENGINE.

• THERE IS A SPRING-LOADED CLUTCH DEVICE

BETWEEN THE ENGINE DRIVE AND THE
MAGNETO SPINDLE THAT HELPS IN INCREASING
THE RATE OF ROTATION OF THE MAGNET
MOMENTARILY AND INCREASES THE VOLTAGE
PRODUCED.
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IMPULSE STARTER

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IMPULSE STARTER

• INITIALLY THE BODY OF THE STARTER IS ROTATED WHILE THE

ROTATING MAGNET REMAINS STATIONARY. THIS RESULTS IN
WINDING OF THE SPRING IN THE COUPLING. AT THE APPROPRIATE
TIME THE FLY WEIGHTS ARE RELEASED AND THE SPRING UNWINDS.

• THE RAPID MOVEMENT OF THE MAGNET RESULTS IN A BETTER

SPARK. AS SOON AS THE ENGINE STARTS RUNNING, THE FLY-
WEIGHTS ARE HELD IN RELEASE POSITION BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
AND THE MAGNET FIRES IN THE NORMAL ADVANCE POSITION.

• HOWEVER, DURING ENGINE START UP THE RETARD SPARK IS

PRODUCED WHEN THE MAGNETO ROTATION IS HELD BACK BY THE
IMPULSE STARTER OF INERTIA COUPLING.

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INERTIA STARTER

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INERTIA STARTER

• IT CONSISTS OF A LARGE FLY-

WHEEL WHICH IS SET IN MOTION BY
HAND OR MECHANICAL MEANS.
WHEN THE FLY-WHEEL IS TURNING
RAPIDLY IT IS SUDDENLY CONNECTED
TO THE ENGINE AND ITS
MOMENTUM ROTATES THE
CRANKSHAFT.

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 ELECTRIC STARTER
•IT CONSISTS OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, A
REDUCTION- GEAR AND AN AUTOMATIC ENGAGING /
DIS-ENGAGING MECHANISM, WHICH OPERATES
THROUGH AN OVERLOAD RELEASE.

• THE ENGINE IS CRANKED DIRECTLY BY THE STARTER

AND CONTROLLED FROM THE COCKPIT. THE ELECTRIC
STARTER PROVIDES INSTANTANEOUS AND
CONTINUOUS ‘CRANKING.’

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU)

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU)

•THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF AN AIRCRAFT APU IS TO PROVIDE POWER TO START

THE MAIN ENGINES.

•ONCE THE APU IS RUNNING, DEPENDING ON THE DESIGN, IT PROVIDES

ELECTRIC, PNEUMATIC OR HYDRAULIC POWER TO START THE AIRCRAFT'S MAIN
ENGINES.

•THE FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE STARTING AND PROVIDING ELECTRICAL AND

HYDRAULIC POWER ARE DIVIDED UP AMONG TWO UNITS, THE JET FUEL
STARTER AND THE EMERGENCY POWER UNIT.

•APUs ARE ALSO USED TO RUN ACCESSORIES WHILE THE ENGINES ARE SHUT
DOWN.
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 TURBO-STARTER
- A TURBO-STARTER IS A SELF-CONTAINED UNIT WITH
SHORT STARTING CYCLE, DEVISED TO PROVIDE
INSTANTANEOUS AND RELIABLE STARTING WITHOUT
GROUND SUPPORT.

- A HIGH-PRESSURE STREAM OF AIR/GASES IS FORCED

THROUGH A HIGH-SPEED TURBINE, THE DRIVE FROM
TURBINE IS TRANSMITTED TO THE ENGINE THROUGH A
REDUCTION-GEAR MECHANISM AND AN OVER-RUN
CLUTCH ASSEMBLY.

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TURBO-AIR STARTER

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CARTRIDGE TURBO-STARTER

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 CARTRIDGE TURBO-STARTER
•THIS IS AN IMPULSE TURBINE IMPACTED BY BURNING GASES FROM A
CARTRIDGE, USUALLY CREATED BY IGNITING A SOLID PROPELLANT
SIMILAR TO GUN POWDER. IT IS GEARED TO ROTATE THE ENGINE AND
ALSO CONNECTED TO AN AUTOMATIC DISCONNECT SYSTEM, OR
OVERRUNNING CLUTCH.

•THE CARTRIDGE IS SET ALIGHT ELECTRICALLY AND USED TO TURN THE

STARTER'S TURBINE. THE CARTRIDGE MAY LOOK LIKE A GUN
SHELL/SMALL ROCKET. CARTRIDGE FIRING IS FOLLOWED BY PINCHING
SOUND DEEP BLACK SMOKE AND IT GIVES AN ILLUSION OF ENGINE
FIRE.

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FAMILIARIZACIÓN CON LA AERONAVE
• BOEING 737 / 2 /3 / 4 / 5

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JT8D PRATT AND WHITNEY

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COMPONENTES

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GROUND SUPPLY CART

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START VALVE

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INTERRUPTOR DEL CONTROL DE ARRANQUE

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TROUBLESHOOTING ATA 80

TAREA 2:
ELABORAR EN MÁXIMO CUATRO HOJAS
DE PAPEL BOND:
1. ELABORAR UNA WO
2. DISCREPANCIA:
2.1 START VALVE NO ABRE
2.2 LUZ DE START VALVE NO ABRE
2.3 DUCTO NEUMATICO <30 PSI
2.4 N2 NO ROTA
2.5 LUZ DE START VALVE NO SE APAGA START VALVE CERRADA
2.6 MOTOR SE APAGA AL 30% N2
2.7 ENGINE FUEL S/O VALVE NO ABRE
2.8 ARRANQUE LENTO
2.9 NO EXISTE EGT DURANTE FUEL ON
2.10 ENGINE START SW NO RETORNA A OFF AL 38%
TLGO GABRIEL INCA
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SISTEMA ELECTRICO DE ARRANQUE

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

COCKPIT

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SISTEMA STARTER GENERATOR

TAREA 3:
ELABORAR EN MÁXIMO CUATRO HOJAS
DE PAPEL BOND:
1. LAS PARTES DEL SISTEMA ARRANCADOR – GENERADOR
2. DIBUJAR EL DIAGRAMA DE ARRANQUE APLICABLE
2. OPERACIÓN (DE COMPONENTES)
3. DIFERENCIAS EN LA OPERACIÓN DE UN
PNEUMATIC STARTER Y EL STARTER GENERATOR

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

IGNITION SYSTEM CFM56 – 3C/2B

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 BOEING 737 – 3/4/5
CFM56 3C/2B
74-00

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

 BOEING 737 – 3/4/5
CFM56 3C/2B
74-00

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

TLGO GABRIEL INCA
COMPONENTES BOEING 737 – 3/4/5
CFM56 3C/2B
74-00

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

TLGO GABRIEL INCA
 BOEING 737 – 3/4/5
CFM56 3C/2B
74-00

TLGO GABRIEL INCA

TROUBLESHOOTING ATA 80

TAREA 4:
ELABORAR EN MÁXIMO CUATRO HOJAS
DE PAPEL BOND:
1. ELABORAR UNA WO
2. DISCREPANCIA:
2.1 START VALVE NO ABRE
2.2 LUZ DE START VALVE NO ABRE
2.3 DUCTO NEUMATICO <30 PSI
2.4 N2 NO ROTA
2.5 LUZ DE START VALVE NO SE APAGA START VALVE CERRADA
2.6 MOTOR SE APAGA AL 30% N2
2.7 ENGINE FUEL S/O VALVE NO ABRE
2.8 ARRANQUE LENTO
2.9 NO EXISTE EGT DURANTE FUEL ON
2.10 ENGINE START SW NO RETORNA A OFF AL 38%
TLGO GABRIEL INCA