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Abstract:
The aim of the paper is to present a theoretical analysis of growth of the elastic-plastic boundary and the resulting
stresses while loading, and the torsional springback and the residual stresses after unloading are calculated.
springback of L-shaped section bars of non If a stress function ψ is taken such that
linear work-hardening materials.
∂ψ
τ xz = and
An accurate analysis of ∂y
springback has been made in the past on ∂ψ
τyz = − ,
sheet bending and tube bending operations ∂x
through experiment [13-18].Torsional (2)
springback in thin tubes with non-linear
work hardening analysis by Choubey et then the elastic torsion equation is given as
al[19-21]. Dwivedi et. al. [23] Study of
Residual Stresses in I Sectioned Bars of
∂ 2ψ ∂2ψ
Non-Linear work-hardening materials ∇ 2 ψ = 2 + 2 = −2Gθ
∂x ∂y
under torsion. Lal et al [24-33] Analysis
(3)
the Springback of different cross sectioned
bar of linear and non linear work- with ψ = a constant (taken to be zero)
hardening materials under torsional along the boundary of the cross-section.
loading.
The torque T is given by
In the following, a
numerical scheme has been prepared for
analysing the problem of torsional T = 2∫∫ ψ dx dy,
A
springback and elastic-plastic boundary in
(4)
equilateral triangular cross sectioned bars
of non-linear work-hardening materials. Where A is the cross-section of the bar.
2. Basic Theory
3 1 − 2ν
ε ij = (1 +ν )Sij + α (σ e )n −1 Sij + σ kk δ ij (5)
2 3
starts developing at first from the re re- stress are shown for differen
different values of N
entrant corner, where stress concentration for =3.0 and =4.0. It is clear from
is very high, and with increasing values of Fig. 7 and 8 that N has a little effect on
on
, the plastic zone moves inward and decreases with increase in N but it
encompassing
assing more and more of outer is opposite in case of residual where it
zones. It is also seen from Fig. 4, that increases with increasing value of N.
work-hardening
hardening index (N) has little effect Figures 9 and 10 shows the variation of
on the elasto-plastic
plastic boundary. It means stress function Ф along the line of
that even if one commits some error in symmetry SS’ for N=5 and N=9 taking
determining the value of n the elasto-
elasto as a parameter. In fig11 and 6.0 the same
plastic boundaries are hardly
ardly affected. is shown for =3.0and =4.0 taking N
as a parameter.
1.6
1.4
1.2
σe
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Fig 3 Elasto-Plastic
Plastic boundaries of a equilateral 0
triangular section for N=5 0 5 10 15
ss'
Fig.5 Equivalent stress along SS’ for N=5
1
θ ̅p=2
0.8 θ ̅p=2.5
0.6 θ ̅p=3.0
σe
0.4 θ ̅p=3.5
Fig.4 Elasto-Plastic
Plastic boundaries of a equilateral
θ ̅p=4.0
triangular section for =4.0. 0.2
θ ̅p=4.0
0
θ ̅p=3.5
0 5 10 15
θ ̅p=3.0
Fig.5 and Fig. 6 shows the variation of ss'
equivalent stress ( ) along the line of
symmetry SS’ for different values of for Fig. 6 Equivalent stress along SS’ for N=9
along
Fig7 Equivalent stress along the line of [6] Nadai A. Theory of Flow and Fracture
symmetry SS’ for =3.0 of Solids. McGraw-Hill 1950;1:494-497.
N=5
1
N=9
[8] Dwivedi JP, Singh AN, Ram S,
0
Talukder NKD, Springback analysis in
0 10 20 N=7
torsion of rectangular strips. Int. J. Mech.
N=5
ss' Sci.1986;28:505-515.
[26] Radha Krishna Lal, Vikas Kumar 2016)” to be held during March 12 -13,
Choubey , J. P. Dwivedi, V.P. Singh & S. 2016 at GRIET, Hyderabad.
K. Srivastava “Springback analysis of
Triangular Cross-sectioned Bar of Non- [30] Radha Krishna Lal, Vikas Kumar
Linear Work- Hardening Materials under Choubey, J.P. Dwivedi, V.P. Singh, (2016)
Torsional Loading”, “5th International "Springback analysis of channel cross-
Conference on Materials Processing and sectioned bar of work-hardening materials
Characterization, (ICMPC 2016)” under torsional loading", Engineering
during March 12 -13, 2016 at GRIET, Computations, Vol. 33 Iss: 7, pp.1899 –
Hyderabad. 1928.
[27] Radha Krishna Lal, J.P. Dwivedi, [31]Sanjay Kumar Patel, Radha Krishna
Sanjay Kumar Patel, Manish Kumar Lal, J. P. Dwivedi, and V. P. Singh,
Bhagat and V.P. Singh, “Springback “Springback Analysis in Sheet Metal
Analysis in Sheet Metal Forming of Non- Forming Using Modified Ludwik Stress-
linear Work-Hardening material under Strain Rela tion,” ISRN Mechanical
Pure Bending”, Journal of The Institution Engineering, vol. 2013, Article ID 640958,
of Engineers (India): Series C. (in press) 11 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/640958
[28] Radha Krishna Lal, Vikas Kumar [32]Radha Krishna Lal, Manish Kumar
Choubey, J. P. Dwivedi, V.P. Singh & S. Bhagat, J.P. Dwivedi, V.P. Singh,
K. Shah “Springback analysis of “Springback Analysis in Sheet Metal
Triangular Cross-sectioned Bar of Linear Forming of Non-linear Work-Hardening
Work- Hardening Materials under material Under Pure Bending”, Journal of
Torsional Loading”, “5th International The Institution of Engineers (India): Series
Conference on Materials Processing and C, DOI 10.1007/s40032-016-0333-y.,
Characterization, (ICMPC 2016)” September 2016
during March 12 -13, 2016 at GRIET, [33] Radha Krishna Lal; J.P. Dwivedi;
Hyderabad. V.P. Singh; Vikas Kumar Choubey; S.K.
[29] Radha Krishna Lal, Vikas Kumar Srivastava, Springback analysis of L-
Choubey, Sandeep Dwivedi, J. P. Dwivedi sectioned bar of linear work-hardening
and V.P. Singh “Residual Stress analysis materials under torsional loading,
of Linear Work- Hardening Materials International Journal of Energy
under Torsional Loading”, “5th Technology and Policy (IJETP), Vol. 13,
International Conference on Materials No. 1/2, 2017
Processing and Characterization, (ICMPC