Catanduanes State University

GRADUATE STUDIES
Virac, Catanudanes

Course Title: Physical Plant and Facilities Layout

Course Code : I. E. 404
Professor: Ar. JOSE G. ONG
Title of Reports: Job Design and Work Measurement (Job Design)
Reporter: MA. ROWENA R. ROMERO

Introduction:

Work measurement is a process of analyzing jobs for the purpose of setting the performance
standards and benchmarks. It involves linking the employee responsibilities to the time required to
complete specific tasks to achieve desired levels of performance. Job design involves specifying the work
activities of an individual or group in an organizational setting. To this end, job design seeks to enhance
job performance through clear definition of responsibilities for different work activities.

Objectives:

 Job design Defined

 Job Design Decisions
 Trends in Job Design
 Behavioral Consideration in Job Design
 Physical Consideration in Job Design
 Work Methods

What is Job Design?

 Job design is the function of specifying the work activities of an individual or group in an
organizational setting
 The objective of job design is to develop jobs that meet the requirements of the organization
and its technology and that satisfy the jobholder’s personal and individual requirements.

Job Design Decisions

Who What Where When Why How

Mental and Geographic Time of day; Organizational

rationale for
Method of
physical Task to be locale of the time or performan
the job;
characteristi organization occurrence
performed objectives and ce and
cs of the ; location of in the work motivation of
the worker
motivation
work force work areas flow

Ultimate
Job
Structure

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 Trends in Job Design

 Quality control as part of the worker’s job

 Cross – training workers to perform multi skilled jobs
 Employee involvement and team approaches to designing and organizing wok
 “Informating” ordinary workers through e-mail and the internet
 Extensive use of temporary workers
 Automation of heavy manual work
 Organizational commitment to providing meaningful and rewarding jobs for all employees

Behavioral Considerations in Job Design

Balancing the specialization in a job and its content

through enrichment can give us…..

Ultimate
Degree of Job Enrichment

Specialization Job (vs. Enlargement)

Structure

Sociotechnical Systems

Focuses on the interaction between technology and the work group by looking at…….

Process Task Variety Worker/Group

Skill Variety
Technology Feedback Needs

Needs Task Identity

Task Autonomy

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 Physical Considerations in Job Design

 Work physiology sets work -rest cycles according to the energy expended in various parts
of the job. The harder the work, the more the need for rest periods.
 Ergonomics is a term used to describe the study of the physical arrangement of the work
space together with tools used to perform a task. Fit the work to the body rather than
forcing the body to conform to the work.

Work Methods

A Production
Process

Workers Ultimate
Worker at a Fixed
Interacting with Job Workplace
Other Workers
Design

Worker
Interacting with
Equipment

Conclusion:

Some managers use job design techniques to structure, work to meet the physical and
behavioral needs of the employee. Work measurement methods are used to determine the most
efficient means of performing a given task, as well as to set reasonable standards for performing it.
Work performance standards are important to the workplace sa accomplished can be measured and
evaluated. Standards permit better planning and costing and provide a basis for compensating the
work force and even providing incentives.

Trends ibn job design include quality as part of the worker’s job. Today many workers are
cross-trained to perform multiskilled jobs and total quality programs are important for all employees.
Team approaches, informating, use of temporary workers, automation, and organizational
commitment are other key issues in job design decisions.

Behavioral considerations in job design include how specialized a job will be. Specialization
has unique advantages and disadvantages. At the other hand extreme from specialization are the
concepts of job enlargement ad job enrichment. Sociotechnical System of the interaction between
technology and the work group influence job design as do ergonomic or physical consideration.

Work methods determine how work should be accomplished in organizations. Work methods
can be established for an overall productive system, a worker alone, a worker interacting with
equipment, and a worker interacting with other individuals.

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