APRIL 2018 V. 40 No.

Repair
Systems
& Tools
40 Reinforced
Concrete
Antenna
Pedestal
 ACI University All-Access
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Ci
APRIL 2018 V. 40 No. 4
Concrete
international
The Magazine of the Concrete Community

REPAIR SYSTEMS & TOOLS

40 Reinforced Concrete Antenna Pedestal

Evaluation of concrete consolidation using nondestructive testing and
statistical analysis
by Benjamin P. Saldua, Ethan C. Dodge, Peter R. Kolf, and Carlton A. Olson

47 2017 ICRI Project Awards

Alcatraz Quartermaster Building Restoration Project wins Project of
the Year

57 Internal Imaging of Concrete Elements

Ultrasonic technology is developing as a practical nondestructive
inspection tool
41 by James A. Bittner, Agustin Spalvier, and John S. Popovics

65 Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement

Benefits and applications
by Robert J. Thomas, Marc Maguire, Andrew D. Sorensen, and
Ivan Quezada

ALSO FEATURING

19 Awards at The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition –

Spring 2018

84 Concrete Q&A
Minimum Concrete Cover for Balconies with PT Cables; Standard on
Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement

49

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 3

 April
Ci
Concrete international
PUBLISHER
John C. Glumb, CAE
( john.glumb@concrete.org) 68
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Rex C. Donahey, PE
(rex.donahey@concrete.org) departments
ENGINEERING EDITOR 7 Executive Vice President’s Memo
W. Agata Pyc
(agata.pyc@concrete.org)
8 News
14 Code Advocacy
MANAGING EDITOR 15 Chapter Reports
Keith A. Tosolt
(keith.tosolt@concrete.org) 18 Knowledge to Practice:
ACI Foundation
EDITORIAL COORDINATOR
Lacey J. Stachel 71 Products & Practice
(lacey.stachel@concrete.org)
74 Product Showcase
Evidence of poor concrete consolidation
ADVERTISING 76 Industry Focus
was visible after removing the
Meredith Schwartz
Network Media Partners formwork from a recently constructed 77 What’s New from ACI
(mschwartz@networkmediapartners.com) antenna pedestal at Australia’s Canberra
Deep Space Communications Complex. 78 On the Move
Results of nondestructive testing 79 Calls for Papers
PUBLISHING SERVICES
and material sampling revealed that
MANAGER significant defects could be identified 80 Meetings
Barry M. Bergin reliably and that the pedestal structure 81 Sinopsis en español
could be effectively repaired to ensure
EDITORS structural integrity and long-term 82 Membership Application
Carl R. Bischof, Kaitlyn J. Dobberteen, durability. For more project details,
Tiesha Elam, Angela R. Matthews, see the article starting on p. 40 (photo
83 Public Discussion
Kelli R. Slayden courtesy of the National Aeronautics 83 Advertiser Index
and Space Administration).
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
Susan K. Esper, Ryan M. Jay,
Gail L. Tatum

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE
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Tel. +1.248.848.3700
Fax. +1.248.848.3150
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headquarters office: 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Telephone: +1.248.848.3700. Facsimile (FAX): +1.248.848.3701.
Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
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4 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

 American Concrete Institute
Ci
Board of Direction
IN President Directors
Khaled W. Awad JoAnn P. Browning William M. Klorman
Cesar A. Constantino Neven Krstulovic-Opara
Reliability Past President

R
Board Members Frances T. Griffith Tracy D. Marcotte
eliable tools lead to success. To H.R. Trey Hamilton Antonio Nanni
William E. Rushing Jr.
reliably specify repairs (or know if Sharon L. Wood R. Doug Hooton Roberto Stark
they are needed), the designer must Michael J. Schneider Joe Hug
know what’s under the surface.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are
preferred for obvious reasons. However, Vice Presidents Executive Vice President
David A. Lange Randall W. Poston Ronald Burg
even the best NDT system should be
supplemented by independent verification.
Two recent studies—one conducted in
Technical Activities Educational Activities Certification Programs
the field (p. 40) and another in the lab Committee Committee Committee
(p. 57)—included evaluations using the chair chair chair
ultrasonic shear wave array method. The H.R. Trey Hamilton Frances T. Griffith Joe Hug
investigations indicate strengths as well as secretary staff liaison staff liaison
weaknesses. While the method shows Matthew R. Senecal Kathryn A. Amelio John W. Nehasil
promise for measuring the thickness of an Michael C. Brown Diana Arboleda Bryan Castles
element, for example, it may not always JoAnn P. Browning Arturo Gaytan Covarrubias William Ciggelakis
indicate small voids. As witnessed by the Catherine E. French Thomas M. Greene Brian Green
Harry A. Gleich Joe Hug Werner Hellmer
publication of its ASTM standard, the Fred R. Goodwin Anthony Lamanna Augusto H. Holmberg
impact-response (IR) method is a more Larry Kahn Ronald L. O’Kane Steve Lloyd
established NDT method for detecting Neven Krstulovic-Opara Jackie Sempel Warren E. McPherson Jr.
anomalies. It’s not farfetched to imagine Kimberly E. Kurtis Scott Tarr Christopher Robinson
Tracy D. Marcotte Ronald Vaughn Thomas L. Rozsits
that the methods might soon be used Michael S. Stenko Xiomara Sapon
synergistically—applied robotically, with Bruce A. Suprenant David M. Suchorski
the combined data analyzed using a deep Andrew W. Taylor Wayne M. Wilson
learning algorithm.
Reliable materials build confidence.
While repairs often require that systems
are taken out of service temporarily, the
inconvenience is compounded if the
ACI Staff & Departments
repairs are temporary. Repair materials
Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (ron.burg@concrete.org)
need to be both rapid (but not too rapid),
Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (john.glumb@concrete.org)
and they must be durable. Researchers
continue to investigate those features in ACI Foundation: Human Resources:
calcium sulfoaluminate cements (p. 65). ann.daugherty@acifoundation.org lori.purdom@concrete.org
Reliable standards lead to progress. The Certification: Information Systems:
Occupational Safety and Health aci.certification@concrete.org support@concrete.org
Administration (OSHA) began enforcing a Chapter Activities: Marketing:
john.conn@concrete.org kevin.mlutkowski@concrete.org
silica rule for the construction industry last
September. As a result, we’re finally seeing Engineering: Member/Customer Services:
techinq@concrete.org acimemberservices@concrete.org
practical guidance and technologies that
will make compliance feasible. OSHA Event Services: Professional Development:
conventions@concrete.org claire.hiltz@concrete.org
provided practical fact sheets on silica dust
control last December (www.osha.gov/dsg/ Finance and Administration: Publishing Services:
donna.halstead@concrete.org barry.bergin@concrete.org
topics/silicacrystalline/construction.html).
Vendors exhibited many dust control
measures at the latest World of Concrete.
For reinforcement, we’ve included several
Sustaining Members
such tools in this month’s Product
Showcase. See pages 12-13 for a list of ACI’s Sustaining Members.
Reliable information is our goal. If we To learn more about our sustaining members, visit the ACI website at
fail, please let me know. www.concrete.org/membership/sustainingmembers.aspx.
Rex C. Donahey

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 5

Now Introducing
ACI Collection of Concrete Codes,
Specifications, and Practices

T
he American Concrete Institute
introduces the ACI Collection of
Concrete Codes, Specifications,
and Practices (formerly the Manual
of Concrete Practice). With nearly
50 codes and specifications and more
than 200 practices—the ACI Collection
is the most comprehensive and
largest single source of information
on concrete materials, design,
and construction.

The ACI Collection includes ACI 318-14, ACI 301, Regular Price Member Price

and ACI 562. The ACI Collection also covers concrete

Guide and Reports:
materials, properties, design, construction, reinforce- FREE with ACI
ment, repair, structural analysis, and innovation— Membership
$795.50/year
plus popular topics such as slabs, formwork, masonry, Annual Online Standards:
Subscription
and more. (Continuously $235.00/year
Updated)
The ACI Collection is available in three formats—
an online subscription that is always up-to-date and
includes historic editions of codes and specifications; $849.50 $525.00
a USB drive for convenient digital access anywhere,
USB Drive
with or without an internet connection; and an
eight-volume set of books.
Please visit www.concrete.org to subscribe $1083.60 $648.96
or purchase. 8-Volume Books

www.concrete.org
Executive Vice President’s
Memo
Why I Support the ACI Foundation and So Should You
H
ow often have you been
asked by a friend or
relative what you do at
ACI? Our most common answer
is to launch into an esoteric
description of committee
meetings, technical documents,
or maybe even a discussion of
the building code.
The typical response is a
glazed-over look of wonderment
that anything to do with
Ronald G. Burg “concrete” could be so
ACI Executive Vice President complicated. So, the next time
when someone asks you what you
do at ACI, I challenge you to tell them why we do what we do.
The answer to that question is rather simple and
profound—we are active in and contribute to ACI because the
work of ACI really makes the world a better place for
everyone everywhere. As representatives of the industry, we
know that concrete is the second-most consumed material by
humankind after water. We understand that concrete is not
only an essential component toward meeting the worldwide
need for safe and resilient infrastructure but an integral part of
advancing civilization.
So, by participating in the work of ACI, our members
(you) are continually making our communities better places.
We accomplish this by creating and inspiring future leaders in
the industry through empowering our best and brightest with
scholarships. New, ground-breaking research on concrete and
state-of-the-art technology is discovered through research
grants. The great thinkers of our industry are celebrated, as
are the development, dissemination, and adoption of
consensus-based standards, technical resources, educational
and training programs, and certification. Based on these
principles and ACI’s collection of codes, standards, and
documents, we lead the way to ensuring a sustainable future
for the concrete industry and the greater community.
Together we ensure our world is stronger, safer, and
always advancing.
ACI is strongly supported in achieving its mission and
vision by the ACI Foundation, and its three councils—the
Concrete Research Council (CRC), Scholarship Council (SC),
and Strategic Development Council (SDC)—encapsulate the
purpose behind the effort. By supporting the industry as a
whole, the ACI Foundation demonstrates why we collectively
pursue the best use of concrete…together.
Without continuing research, there would be no
continuing progress.
CRC is uniquely positioned to be proactive in the pursuit
of technical knowledge. Each year, the CRC issues an annual
call for research proposals. The response to the recent call was
outstanding with the CRC receiving 34 proposals. Each
proposal had support from at least one ACI technical
committee, demonstrating the need for research to advance
consensus committee work is imperative.
Through your support, the ACI Foundation can work
to fund even more great projects that will undoubtedly
change our industry for the better.
ACI has long recognized a necessity to engage with
students and encourage their development as young
professionals in the field of concrete. The SC serves an
important role in developing future industry leaders and
researchers. ACI members have generously supported this
concentrated push to enhance educational opportunities and
attract the most innovative and dynamic individuals to our
industry by investing in the ACI Foundation.
The SDC fosters innovation in the industry. SDC’s
Technology Forums provide opportunities for start-ups and
researchers to showcase new technologies and processes which
may eventually be adopted in ACI codes and standards. Think
about how YOU can transform our industry through investing
in instilling the best practices and newest innovation into the
best and brightest members of our industry. You can unlock
the future of the concrete industry through the ACI Foundation.
Given ACI’s position as one of the leading authorities on
concrete, the Institute is well known within the industry for what
it does. It may be more significant—and relevant—to contemplate
why ACI stridently pursues technology advancement.
It is my pleasure to personally invite you to join me in
transforming our communities and creating an everlasting
legacy for the concrete industry, through learning more about
the ACI Foundation.
Please stay tuned for communication about how you
can get involved with the ACI Foundation.
Whether that is through an investment of passion, vision,
or resources, you will have a fantastic opportunity to make
meaningful change within our industry—and we are thrilled to
share these opportunities with you.
The advancement of our industry depends on the
enthusiasm, vision, and investment of individuals and
companies in our communities every day. Through investing
in the ACI Foundation, we are making our world stronger and
safer, and we are always advancing…together!
Always Advancing,
Ronald G. Burg, PE
ACI Executive Vice President
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 7
News
Hazard Mitigation Report Shows Benefits of
Mitigation Strategies
Earlier this year, the National Institute of Building Sciences
(NIBS) released “Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: 2017
Interim Report,” an updated and expanded version of its 2005
study, “Natural Hazard Mitigation Saves: An Independent
Study to Assess the Future Savings from Mitigation
Activities.” The new report shares the results from the first of
a multi-year project designed to help decision-makers build
mitigation strategies for protecting lives, property, and assets.
The findings are intended to inform future code changes to
make communities more resilient, help jurisdictions make
decisions on what codes to adopt and enforce, and assist
policymakers in developing effective federal programs that
support pre-disaster mitigation.
The study covers four natural hazards:
•• Riverine and coastal flooding;
•• Hurricanes;
•• Earthquakes; and
•• Fires at the wildland-urban interface.
Two sets of mitigation strategies were examined:
•• Mitigation grants funded through select federal agencies; and
•• Investments to exceed select provisions of the 2015 model
building codes.
The overall benefit-cost ratios for the two strategies were
found to be 6:1 and 4:1, respectively. Mitigation represents a
sound financial investment because $1 spent up front on
mitigation was shown to return $4 to $6 in savings for society.
The independent study was directed by the NIBS with
funding support from the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) and other governmental and nongovernmental
sponsors. To view the report, visit www.fema.gov/natural-
hazard-mitigation-saves-2017-interim-report.
Doshi Receives the 2018 Pritzker Architecture
Prize
Balkrishna Doshi, of India, has been selected as the 2018
Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate, announced Tom Pritzker,
Chairman of Hyatt Foundation, which sponsors the award that
is known internationally as architecture’s highest honor.
An architect, urban planner, and educator for the past 70 years,
Doshi has been instrumental in shaping the discourse of
architecture throughout India and internationally. Influenced
by masters of twentieth-century architecture Charles-Édouard
Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, and Louis Kahn, Doshi has
been able to interpret architecture and transform it into built
works that respect eastern culture while enhancing the quality
of living in India. His ethical and personal approach to
architecture has touched lives of every socio-economic class
across a broad spectrum of genres since the 1950s.
8 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Indian Institute of Management, in Bangalore, India, designed by
Balkrishna Doshi (photo courtesy of VSF)
“My works are an extension of my life, philosophy, and
dreams trying to create treasury of the architectural spirit. I
owe this prestigious prize to my guru, Le Corbusier. His
teachings led me to question identity and compelled me to
discover new regionally adopted contemporary expression for
a sustainable holistic habitat,” Doshi said. “With all my
humility and gratefulness I want to thank the Pritzker Jury for
this deeply touching and rewarding recognition of my work.
This reaffirms my belief that life celebrates when lifestyle and
architecture fuse,” he continued.
“Professor Doshi has said that ‘Design converts shelters
into homes, housing into communities, and cities into magnets
of opportunities,” Pritzker commented. “The life’s work of
Balkrishna Doshi truly underscores the mission of the Prize—
demonstrating the art of architecture and an invaluable service
to humanity.”
The architect designed Aranya Low Cost Housing
(Indore, 1989), which presently accommodates over
80,000 individuals through a system of houses, courtyards,
and a labyrinth of internal pathways. Over 6000 residences
range from modest one-room units to spacious homes,
accommodating low- and middle-income residents. Overlapping
layers and transitional areas encourage fluid and adaptable
living conditions, customary in Indian society.
Doshi’s architecture is both poetic and functional. The
Indian Institute of Management (Bangalore, 1977-1992),
inspired by traditional maze-like Indian cities and temples, is
organized as interlocking buildings, courts, and galleries. It
also provides a variety of spaces protected from the hot
climate. The scale of masonry and vast corridors infused with
a campus of greenery allow visitors to be simultaneously
indoors and outdoors.
The 2018 Jury Citation stated, in part: “Over the years,
 News

Balkrishna Doshi has always created an architecture that is
serious, never flashy or a follower of trends. With a deep sense
of responsibility and a desire to contribute to his country and
its people through high quality, authentic architecture, he has
created projects for public administrations and utilities,
educational and cultural institutions, and residences for
private clients, among others.” The Jury continued, “Doshi is
acutely aware of the context in which his buildings are
located. His solutions take into account the social,
environmental, and economic dimensions, and therefore his
architecture is totally engaged with sustainability.”
Doshi is the 45th Pritzker Prize Laureate and the first to
hail from India. The 2018 Pritzker Architecture Prize
ceremony commemorates the 40th anniversary of the accolade
and will take place at the Aga Khan Museum in Toronto, ON,
Canada, this May. The Laureate will present a public lecture,
in partnership with the John H. Daniels Faculty of
Architecture, Landscape, and Design at the University of
Toronto on May 16, 2018.
New Durability and Service Life Standards
Under Development
ACI recently approved the development of new standards
from ACI Committees 201, Durability, and 365, Service Life
Prediction.
ACI Committee 201 is working to develop a new standard
for obtaining durability in concrete design and construction.
“ACI 201.2R-16, Guide to Concrete Durability, contains a lot
of useful guidance and is nonmandatory,” said R. Doug
Hooton, Secretary of Committee 201. “Because ACI 318-14,
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, is
mainly focused on life safety in the design of structures and is
aimed at the licensed design professional, and specifications,
such as ACI 301-16, are aimed at the contractor, there is very
little information on durability provided. To improve on the
current situation, the American Concrete Institute has given
approval to the ACI durability committee to develop
mandatory standard practices focused on achieving concrete
durability in both design and construction,” he explained.

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www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 9

News
Similarly, ACI Committee 365 is developing standard
practices for engineers performing service life assessments.
The committee’s mission is to develop guides and standards
using service life prediction tools for the effective
management of structures in service.
“I am excited that our ACI committee on service life
prediction is going to take on the challenge of developing
standard practices for service life prediction,” said Kyle
Stanish, Chair, Committee 365. “The objective is to outline
the minimum process for performing a service life prediction,
independent of the specific model or approach that is to be
used. This will provide uniformity and clarity for the
practitioner, and assist the end user in interpreting and
comparing the results of different service life predictions, and,
ultimately, different approaches for achieving desired life of a
concrete structure.”
Stanish continued, “Developing a standard procedure for
service life prediction—with minimum expectations for
validation, documentation, interpretation, and
10 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
implementation—creates a tool for concrete professionals to
meet these goals on a level playing field that will benefit
industry and society as a whole.”
Both ACI Committee 201, Durability, and ACI Committee
365, Service Life Prediction, are accepting applications for
committee members interested in helping prepare these two
standards. Learn more and submit an application at www.
concrete.org.
ACI Delivers Custom Certification Program to
CIDC, India
ACI recently met with the Construction Industry
Development Council (CIDC)—a group comprised of Indian
construction companies and the Indian government, charged
with the responsibility of improving construction in India.
The purpose of the meeting was to qualify and train future
program administrators to deliver a custom ACI Certification
program for Concrete Field Testing Technicians based on
Indian standards. The meeting took place on February 19-22,
2018, at the Illinois Chapter – ACI training and certification
center in Chicago, IL.
ACI staff delivered an educational program on concrete
and concrete testing, and they administered written and
performance exams to participants. Additionally, ACI
provided logistical instruction on delivering the same program
in India to qualify more program administrators and provide
opportunities for technicians performing the concrete tests at
construction sites to earn their ACI Concrete Field Testing
Technician certifications.
Nominations Sought for Emerging Leaders
Alliance Conference
The Emerging Leaders Alliance (ELA) is a partnership
among leading engineering and science-based organizations
that provides high-quality leadership training. For the past
10 years, ELA has successfully hosted an interdisciplinary
leadership conference for young professionals, providing
advanced training in topics such as management, personal
branding, social styles, problem solving, presentation skills,
and global diversity.
ACI will select eight young members, age 35 and younger,
to attend the next Emerging Leaders Alliance conference. The
conference will take place November 4-7, 2018, at the Westin
Tyson Corner in Falls Church, VA.
Successful applicants will have been in the concrete- or
construction-related industry for less than 8 years. They will
receive complimentary conference registration but will be
responsible for travel expenses, lodging, and some meals.
The program is an initiative of the Student and Young
Professional Activities Committee (SYPAC), whose mission
News
is to advise the ACI Board of Direction
on issues and strategies for the
recruitment and retention of students
and young members.
Young members must be nominated
by an ACI member. Applications must
be submitted by June 1, 2018.
Download a nomination form at
www.concrete.org/Portals/0/Files/
PDF/ELAnominationform.pdf.
Sponsors of the conference include
ACI; American Institute of Mining,
Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
(AIME); Association for Iron and Steel
Technology (AIST); American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE); NACE
International; National Ground Water
Association (NGWA); Society for
Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration
(SME); Society of Petroleum Engineers
(SPE International); and The Minerals,
Metals, and Materials Society (TMS).
Learn more at www.Emerging
LeadersAlliance.org.
ACI Partners with Spanish
Structural Engineering
Association
An International Partnership Agreement
between Asociación Científico-Técnica
del Hormigón Estructural (ACHE) and
ACI was recently completed as part of
an international initiative to advance
global outreach.
ACHE (in English, Scientific-
Technical Association of Structural
Concrete) promotes progress concerning
construction, maintenance, and research of
civil, industrial, and building structures,
whatever their material constituent.
Founded in 1999, the association
holds an international conference once
every 3 years, and it publishes a journal,
Hormigón y Acero (Concrete and Steel).
The association is also organizing the
Fourth International Conference on
Structural Engineering—Education
Without Borders, which will take place
June 20-22, 2018, in Madrid, Spain.
Visit www.e-ache.com.
Bentley Systems Issues Call
for Award Submissions
SSI - Higher Strength Steel
Bentley Systems, Inc., is accepting HOT - ROLLED
submissions to the Year in Infrastructure THREADED BAR
2018 Awards program. The awards,
which are judged by independent juries
of industry experts, recognize GRADES:
infrastructure projects for digital 75 / 80 KSI
innovations that improve project delivery 97 / 100 KSI
and/or asset performance. The deadline 150 / 160 KSI
for submissions is April 30, 2018.
The Year in Infrastructure Awards SIZES:
(formerly called the Be Inspired Awards) #6 TO #32
are an integral part of Bentley’s annual Full line of bars
Year in Infrastructure Conference, which & accessories
this year takes place October 15-18,
2018, in London, UK, at the Hilton We offer value engineering services
London Metropole. on a project-by-project basis.
Users of Bentley software are invited
to enter their projects in the Year in
Infrastructure Awards program, no
matter which phase the project is in:
preconstruction/conceptual, design,
construction, or in operations. The three
finalists chosen for each awards
category will present their projects as
part of the conference, before the
judges, industry thought leaders, and
more than 100 members of the media.
The theme of the Year in Infrastructure
2018 Conference is “Going Digital:
Advancements in Infrastructure.”
Presented by Bentley Institute, the
conference features plenary keynotes by
Bentley executives and guest speakers,
including John Armitt, Chair of the
United Kingdom’s National Infrastructure
Commission. In addition, six industry-
specific forums will feature keynotes by
leading industry experts, interactive
workshops, panel discussions, and
product demonstrations. These forums
will focus on Buildings and Campuses,
Digital Cities, Industrial Infrastructure,
Rail and Transit, Roads and Bridges,
and Utilities and Water.
For additional information about the
Year in Infrastructure Awards program,
or to nominate a project, visit https://
yii.bentley.com/en/awards.
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 11
 are the foundation of our success.
To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete
International includes a 1/3-page member profile and a listing of all Sustaining
Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page profile
section on a rotating basis.

Advanced Construction Technology
Services
American Society of Concrete
Contractors
Ash Grove Cement Company
Baker Concrete Construction, Inc.
Barrier-1, Inc.
BASF Corporation
Bauman Landscape & Construction
Boral Resources
Braun Intertec Corporation
Cantera Concrete Company
CHRYSO, Inc.
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
CTLGroup
Curecrete Distribution, Inc.
Dayton Superior Corporation
Doka USA Ltd
Ductilcrete Slab Systems, LLC
The Euclid Chemical Company
Full-Tilt Constructors, Inc.
Future Tech Consultants
GCP Applied Technologies
Keystone Structural Concrete LLC
Kleinfelder
Kryton International Inc.
LafargeHolcim (US) Inc.
Lehigh Hanson
Lithko Contracting, Inc. Ash Grove Cement Company is a
leader and pioneer in the cement
MAPEI
industry. For 135 years, Ash Grove has
Meadow Burke Products LLC provided portland and masonry cements
to construct highways, bridges,
W. R. Meadows, Inc.
commercial and industrial complexes,
Metromont Corporation single- and multi-family homes, and
other important structures fundamental
Minova USA, INC.
to America’s economic vitality and
Modern Technology Laboratories - MTL quality of life. In 2016, Ash Grove
shipped 8.2 million tons of cement from
Multiquip Inc.
eight cement plants located throughout
Municipal Testing the Midwest, Texas, and Western United
States. In addition to cement
North S.Tarr Concrete Consulting PC
manufacturing facilities, the company
Oztec Industries, Inc. operates 52 ready-mixed concrete
plants, 25 sand and gravel plants,
Penetron International Ltd
20 limestone quarries, and nine
PERI Formworks Systems, Inc. packaged products plants.
Portland Cement Association
Learn more at ashgrove.com and
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute twitter.com/AshGroveCement.
QuakeWrap Inc.
Saudi Building Code National
Committee
Seretta Construction Inc.
Sika Corporation
Specialty Products Group, Inc.
STRUCTURAL
Structural Services, Inc.
Tekna Chem
TWC Concrete Services LLC
Twining Concrete Insight
Wacker Neuson

To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our website at www.concrete.org/sustainingmembers
 NEW SUSTAINING MEMBER
Full-Tilt Constructors (FTC) is a
full-service tilt-up contractor, operating
in the southeast United States with
annual revenue of over $50,000,000.
FTC’s leadership team, Richard Proctor
and Scott Roberts, have over 50 years of
combined experience in the tilt-up
industry.
FTC has a unique approach to the
construction industry: one that keeps
their principals involved in every aspect
of turnkey commercial, industrial, and
institutional tilt-up construction projects
from “concept to concrete.” Their
principals are true tradesmen that have
learned the tilt-up industry from the
ground up, and their 200 dedicated
construction professionals are cut from
the same cloth. They only employ the
most experienced and quality-minded
tradesmen, insuring the highest quality
projects for their clients.
Over 2/3 of their staff hold an OSHA
10 or higher certification, and all of their
superintendents are required to complete
the ACI/TCA certified technician/
superintendent certification class.
Additionally, all of their concrete finishers
are ACI certified.
As two-time Golden Trowel Award
recipients (2016 and 2017) for laser-
screed floors over 500,000 ft2, they have
a proven track record of and validated
commitment to producing the flattest
floors possible in the industry and can
meet any FF/FL or Fmin requirements.
Meadow Burke is the leading
manufacturer and supplier of accessories
used to connect, lift, reinforce and form
within concrete construction. Their
products and engineering enable safe,
rapid and cost-effective construction,
allowing you to deliver your projects on
time and budget.
For more information about Meadow
Burke, please visit their website at
www.meadowburke.com, or call
+1.877.518.7665.
NEW SUSTAINING MEMBER
QuakeWrap, Inc., is a leading
provider of fiber-reinforced polymer
(FRP) products and systems for structural
repair, restoration and strengthening.
These innovative solutions can be used
in both new structure designs and as
economical retrofitted solutions.
Restoring severely corroded structures,
correcting construction errors, increasing
existing load capacity and extending
structural service life are just some of
the infrastructure renewal solutions
from QuakeWrap.
QuakeWrap engineered FRP solutions
are more economical than traditional
repair methods because of their excep-
tional strength, versatility and durability.
They work equally well on concrete,
masonry, steel, timber and more.
QuakeWrap offers complete turnkey
solutions that also include structural
engineering and sealed drawings from
QuakeWrap Engineering Services, as
well as specialty installation by the
in-house construction company, FRP
Construction, LLC.
QuakeWrap’s patented FRP products
cover much more than building and
bridge infrastructure. The popular
PileMedic® system repairs corroded
marine piles, timber piles, columns and
other shallow water infrastructure; while
the PipeMedic® line of innovative products
repair pipelines, tunnels, high-pressure
gas pipes, culverts, tanks and more.
More information on these
original, FRP award-winning
products and services can be found
at www.quakewrap.com or by calling
a QuakeWrap engineer today at
+520.791.7000.
Code
Advocacy
ACI’s Expanded Mission
The American Concrete Institute recently expanded its
mission to include code adoption:
“ACI is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the
development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensus-
based standards, technical resources, educational and
training programs, certification programs, and proven
expertise for individuals and organizations involved in
concrete design, construction, and materials…”
ACI has long used an excellent technical process to develop
its documents and programs, and it is generally revered as a
technical authority on concrete design and construction. The
updated mission means that ACI is enhancing its efforts related
to political influence. It reflects many efforts by ACI members
and staff, related to the adoption by reference into the model
building codes in the United States, international adoptions as
part of national building codes, and state and local adoptions.
Code adoption is not as straightforward as many might think.
Acceptance and adoption of provisions in building codes are
quasi-technical and quasi-political processes. Code advocacy
involves creating awareness, gaining recognition and
acceptance, understanding the issues, establishing ACI as a
resource, fostering support for code change proposals and
adoptions, and active engagement in the building code
development processes at all levels.
Why Advocate for Code Adoption?
The intent of most building codes is well worded in
Provision 101.3 of the 2015 International Building Code:
“…to establish the minimum requirements to provide a
reasonable level of safety, public health and general welfare
through structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability,
sanitation, adequate light and ventilation, energy conservation,
and safety to life and property from fire, explosion and other
hazards, and to provide a reasonable level of safety to firefighters
and emergency responders during emergency operations.”
As a society of professionals involved in the concrete
industry, there is a role—some might even say an obligation—
to encourage the acceptance and adoption of current ACI
publications and programs developed to satisfy the intent of
state, local, and national building codes. This is necessary to
assure that the public directly benefits from the advancements
in concrete technology as applicable to the minimum
requirements for design and construction.
Building Safety Month
The International Code Council (ICC) Building Safety
Month (BSM) will take place throughout the month of May.
BSM is a public awareness campaign implemented by
jurisdictions worldwide to help individuals, families, and
14 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
businesses understand what is involved to create safe and
sustainable structures. The campaign reinforces the need for
the adoption of modern, model building codes; a strong and
efficient system of code enforcement; and a well-trained,
professional workforce to maintain the system. BSM clearly
dovetails with many ACI activities, such as drafting codes and
related technical documents, conducting educational events,
and providing certification programs designed to qualify
individuals involved in installation, testing, and inspection.
This year’s BSM theme is “Building Codes Save Lives,”
with the following weekly themes:
•• Week One (May 1-5)—Partnering with code officials to
build stronger safer communities;
•• Week Two (May 6-12)—Advancing resilient communities
through science and technology;
•• Week Three (May 13-19)—Protecting communities from
disasters;
•• Week Four (May 20-26)—Safeguarding our water; and
•• Week Five (May 27-31)—Improving education and
training standards for a safer tomorrow.
About 64,000 ICC members worldwide will celebrate
BSM by hosting events and outreach initiatives that increase
public awareness about the importance of building safety and
sustainability. Events typically will include mayoral meetings,
community gatherings, receptions, training events, banquets
and awards ceremonies, outreach at retail facilities and city
halls, and mayoral and gubernatorial proclamations.
While there is national awareness and support provided by
ICC staff, BSM events are primarily ICC member and chapter
driven at the local level, where codes are adopted and enforced.
“Building Safety Month brings attention to issues that are
not regularly considered unless disaster strikes. Modern codes
and standards incorporate the latest technology and provide
the safest, most resilient structures for our families and
communities to protect against building failures, hurricanes,
tornadoes, floods, high-rise fires and other modern-day
disasters,” said Code Council Chief Executive Officer
Dominic Sims. “Building codes really do save lives.”
Visit www.buildingsafetymonth.org to learn more about
BSM. To identify an ICC chapter in your area, visit www.
iccsafe.org/membership/chapters/icc-chapters-and-
boardstaff-liaison-map.
Chapter
Reports
Singapore Chapter – ACI Project Competition
The ACI Singapore Project Competition 2017 was held in
Singapore on August 24, 2016, in conjunction with the 42nd
Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures 2017
(OWICS 2017). The conference theme was “Sustainable and
Resilient World in Concrete.” OWICS 2017 also included the
Singapore Chapter – ACI (SC-ACI) Special Session, which
involved the presentation of six papers.
The annual ACI Singapore Project Competition, which was
launched in 2012, is open to those working on projects related
to concrete construction and civil engineering practices,
including automation, nanomaterials, smart building materials,
analytical and computer modeling, self-consolidating concrete,
Gold Award Team from the National University of Singapore, from
green concrete and composites, bio-inspired building
left: Qu Lubin, Ankit Sachan, and Zhang Wei, with Lu Jin Ping,
materials, ready mixed concrete, underground structures, and SC-ACI Immediate Past President (third from left)
tall structures.
Participants submit a 10-page paper about their project.
The papers are evaluated by a panel of reviewers, and
shortlisted candidates are invited to present and defend their
work before a panel of judges. Both panels comprise
independent experts from academia and industry. Reviewers
and judges for this year’s competition were:
•• Tam Chat Tim, Associate Professorial Fellow and
professional engineer;
•• ACI member Jiang Jiabiao, Specialty Concrete Manager,
GCP Applied Technologies; and
•• Tan Jun Yew, Senior Technical Manager, Samwoh
Corporation Pte Ltd.
The Gold Award and S$1000 went to Qu Lubin, Ankit
Sachan, Zhang Wei, Choo Yoo Sang, and Li Wei, National
University of Singapore (NUS), for “In-Plane Displacement Silver Award Team from the National University of Singapore, from
and Strain Measurement using Two-Dimensional Digital left: Wang Yu and Li Shan, with Lu Jin Ping, SC-ACI Immediate Past
Image Correlation (2D-DIC).” In this project, a novel and President (second from left)
inexpensive noncontact full-field measurement technique was
adopted to measure the deformation and strain of concrete and
steel specimens. Two-dimensional digital image correlation
measurements were made using Ncorr, an open-source
program running in MATLAB (a general-purpose numerical
computing environment).
The Silver Award and S$700 went to Wang Yu, Li Shan,
Li Wei, and Richard Liew JY, NUS, for “Experimental
Investigation of the Effect of Polypropylene Fibre on High-
Strength Concrete at Elevated Temperatures.” This project
involved an experimental study on the residual strength and
elastic modulus of polypropylene fiber-reinforced and
non-fiber-reinforced high-strength concrete (C60 and C90
[8700 and 13,000 psi]) after exposures to temperatures up to
900°C (1650°F).
The Bronze Award and S$500 went to Julifin and Wang Bronze Award Team from Admaterials Technologies Pte Ltd, from
Xiu, Admaterials Technologies Pte Ltd, for “Review of left: Julifin with Lu Jin Ping, SC-ACI Immediate Past President

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 15

Chapter Reports
H. Celik Ozyildirim with SC-ACI Board Members, from left: Li Wei, Tao
Nengfu, Logendran Doraipandian, Wong Sook Fun, Ozyildirim, Tam
Chat Tim, Lu Jin Ping, and Jiang Jiabiao
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Resistant Concrete.”
Based on a review of reported laboratory and field test results,
concrete made from calcium aluminate cement was found to
possess good resistance to microbiologically influenced
corrosion. Other types of materials available in the market
were also discussed.
Two Merit Awards and S$300 each were awarded to Ng
Joo En, Goh Ping Sin, and Teoh Wei Chou, Singapore
Polytechnic, for “Fast Inspection of Structural Defect for Risk
Assessment by Active Thermography”; and Ashokreddy
Annapareddy, Lin Jie, and K.C. Gary Ong, NUS, for
“Complete Recovery of Recycled Concrete Aggregates
Produced using the Microwave Beneficiation Technique in
combination with Carbon Sequestration.”
Two Commendation Awards and S$150 each were awarded
to Sean Yusri McKinney, Truong Loi, and Lance Yeo Wen Wei,
Temasek Polytechnic, for “Utilization of Fly Ash, Aluminium
and Nanosilica in Lightweight Building Materials”; and Lim
Zhi Ying, Stella Wang, Pheh Chyi, and Tang Yi Ting,
Singapore Polytechnic for “Development of Phase Changing
Materials for Energy Management of Buildings.”
The Best Presenter Award and S$400 went to Li Shan,
NUS, who presented his project on experimental investigation
of the effect of polypropylene fiber on high-strength concrete
at elevated temperatures.
“In view of the overwhelming participating entries in the
SC-ACI Project Competition 2017, two more awards,
namely the Commendation Awards, have been added to the
prize list. This made for a total of eight awards that were
given away by SC-ACI,” said Wong Sook Fun, SC-ACI
16 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
President and the Coordinator of the ACI Singapore Project
Competition since 2012.
SC-ACI sponsored the Best Paper Award at OWICS 2017,
which went to Yusuke Aoki, Takashi Sugawara, and Tomoki
Yokoo for their paper on “Method for Measuring the
Penetration Depth of Chloride Ions into Hardened Concrete
using Iron Powder.” This paper was presented by Aoki at the
OWICS 2017 conference.
Following the project competition and OWICS 2017, the
chapter hosted an evening talk on August 25, 2017, by
H. Celik Ozyildirim on “Self-Consolidating, Low-Permeability,
Low-Cracking Concretes and Innovative Reinforcement for
Improved Durability of Structures.” He is a Principal
Research Scientist with the Virginia Transportation Research
Center in Charlottesville, VA. He was invited as an ACI
Ambassador to OWICS 2017.
Ozyildirim gave a presentation on concrete as a durable
material, attested to by the historic structures left from the
Roman era. His talk also covered the topics of consolidation,
self-consolidating concrete, low-permeability concrete,
low-cracking concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete, as well as
corrosion-resistant and corrosion-free reinforcement.
Examples from field applications were also presented. More
than 100 participants attended the presentation.
San Diego Chapter – ACI Hosts Technical
Seminar
The San Diego Chapter – ACI kicked off the New Year
with the hot topic of “Modulus of Elasticity in Concrete 101:
A Concrete Supplier’s Perspective” at a meeting on January 9,
2018. This event had over 80 attendees. Willy Regis, with
CalPortland, gave an overview of the modulus of elasticity
(MOE) in concrete and then provided details on what MOE
represents, how to test it, how to meet MOE requirements,
and how MOE affects construction and concrete production.
After the seminar, attendees had a better understanding of this
property and its specification. Attendees also earned 0.20 CEUs.
University of Balamand Student Chapter –
ACI Trip to Mseilha Dam
On November 25, 2017, the University of Balamand
Student Chapter – ACI organized its first field trip to Mseilha
Dam. The project is in Batroun, Lebanon, on the Nahr El Jouz
River. A large group of students from the civil engineering
department made the trip, accompanied by Nariman Khalil,
Chapter Advisor.
The group was welcomed by Michel Saliba, Project
Manager, LIBANCONSULT AGM, who gave the students a
full tour of the construction site, including walks through
evacuator and discharge tunnels and views of deep spillways.

Willy Regis of CalPortland discussed MOE at a San Diego Chapter –
ACI meeting
University of Balamand Student Chapter – ACI members during a
field trip to Mseilha Dam, Batroun, Lebanon
Members of the UNFV Student Chapter – ACI
Chapter Reports
The students had the opportunity to see behind-the-scenes
preparation procedures, followed by an up-close observation
of how dam construction is taking place, and an overview of
the safety measures taken by on-site workers and supervisors.
Mseilha Dam is financed by the Lebanese Ministry of
Energy and Water and is one of few dam initiatives in the
country. The project is a joint venture with French company
Trac de Belle, and is now in its third operating year. Despite a
yearlong delay in 2013, which was the intended launching
year of the project, the dam is expected to be complete in
August 2018.
When complete, the 35 m (115 ft) tall dam will create a
reservoir with 6 million m3 (2.4 million yd3) capacity. The
students were exposed to a wide array of dam construction
elements, all with extensive commentary and explanation.
They looked at discharge and evacuator tunnels, valve
chambers and shafts, and clay core construction. They also
had a close look at the spillway walls to be covered in
shotcrete, in addition to learning the essentials of a well-
structured dam, such as how to contain water and keep it
from slipping under the dam, and how to maintain the clay
core using surrounding upstream and downstream filters
and riprap.
The trip was both compelling and informative and will be
repeated by another group of students next spring semester.
Concrete Technology Seminar Hosted by
Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal
A seminar on “Technology of Cements, Additions,
Additives, and Fibers for Concrete” was held on December 12,
2017, organized by the Universidad Nacional Federico
Villarreal (UNFV) Student Chapter – ACI in Lima, Peru.
Presentations were made by local concrete professionals
from companies specializing in topics related to new
technologies being applied in Peru and around the world.
Last year was a very exciting and interesting time for the
students at UNFV. The university received the 2017 ACI
Excellent University Award for student activities. UNFV
students participated in the ACI Egg Protection Device
Competition in Anaheim, CA, as well as several regional
conventions and competitions in the cities of Cusco and Lima.
The student chapter also volunteered in the local
community after an El Niño weather system caused river
flooding. The waters overflowed into villages and destroyed
many homes. With the help of another organization, El
Colegio de Ingenieros del Peru, UNFV helped rebuild houses
and placed a temporary wall to prevent more damage until the
local government could help. The students also held a
fundraiser for children in need during Christmas by preparing
a hot cocoa called “chocolatada.”
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 17
Knowledge to Practice:

SDC Technology Forum 43

SDC Technology Forum 43 was recently held in
Scottsdale, AZ. It included a Concrete 2029 Workshop in
which the role of technology development served as a
springboard to show ways that the concrete industry can
morph from a project industry to a product industry. With a
technology road map, our concrete product can hold pace with
the innovation needed to keep up with the increasingly swift
rate of change we experience globally. The workshop
illuminated some of the spectrum issues that the concrete
industry faces with advances in technology, including:
•• Proprietary versus nonproprietary;
•• Near-term versus long-term;
•• Prescriptive versus performance;
•• Bleeding edge versus leading edge;
•• Process focused versus outcome focused;
•• Design focused versus constructability focused;
•• Quality versus productivity;
•• Profitability versus sustainability; and
•• Incremental versus disruptive.
Also highlighted were the obstacles experienced by
industry members every day, such as:
•• Legal and regulatory restrictions;
•• Risk not aligned to reward;
•• Large investment in existing approaches;
•• Threats to an established market;
•• Fragmentation of industry;
•• Lack of communication, rapport, and collaboration;
•• Lack of resources;
•• Life cycle cost ignored;
•• Risk aversion; and
•• Uncertainty of impact of innovation.
The technology forum featured technology showcases from
GCP Applied Technologies, Inc., on the benefits of control
flow concrete; and Surface Tech LLC’s digital solutions—
built by experienced concrete contractors, commercial and
residential builders, and concrete suppliers—that provide best
practices when supplying and building with concrete.
The audience heard updates from Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Gate Precast, and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers on ongoing work in applications of three-
dimensional (3-D) printing in the concrete industry. The
recent publication of “Guide to Use of Industry Foundation
Classes (IFC) in Exchange of Reinforcement Models (ACI
131.2R-17)” was highlighted. This guide and its companion
IFC will enable automation and reliable efficient exchanges of
reinforcing bar information between software products
provided by different software vendors.
Additionally, the “History and Future of Self-Consolidating
Concrete (SCC)” was presented and a breakout session was
Tour of HercuTech’s manufacturing facility in Tempe, AZ
held to understand what the industry can do to increase the
use of SCC.
Attendees had the opportunity to tour HercuTech’s
manufacturing facility in Tempe, AZ, and witness fabrication
of HercuWalls®.HercuWall is a patented, panelized wall
construction system containing concrete, steel, and foam
insulation. Compared to wood framing, the HercuWall system
requires significantly less labor and time to construct, yet is
stronger, more durable, and more energy efficient.
2017 Annual Report Now Available
The ACI Foundation released its 2017 Annual Report,
which recaps the foundation’s progress in 2017 and looks
ahead to future challenges facing the concrete industry.
A PDF version of the report is available online at
www.acifoundation.org. Print copies are available upon
request by contacting Cameron Innis at cameron.innis@
concrete.org. The staff at the ACI Foundation are grateful to
all who partnered with us and generously donated time and
resources to advance the concrete industry; we look forward
to an even better 2018.
Ann Daugherty is the Director
of the ACI Foundation, a not-for-
profit subsidiary of ACI. The
Foundation facilitates collaboration
among a cross section of concrete
industry leaders to problem-solve
technical issues, accelerate the
acceptance of innovative
technologies, and bring more young
people into the concrete industry. For more information,
contact ann.daugherty@acifoundation.org.

18 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

Awards at The ACI Concrete
Convention and Exposition –
Spring 2018
F
or their outstanding achievements and service to the
Institute, ACI recognized selected members at The ACI
Concrete Convention and Exposition – Spring 2018 in
Salt Lake City, UT. Six individuals were granted Honorary
Membership, ACI’s highest honor, given to “persons of
eminence in the field of the Institute’s interest, or one who has
performed extraordinary meritorious service to the Institute.”
Since 1926, when this rank was established, 249 ACI
members have been elected to Honorary Membership.
ACI’s newest Honorary Members are:
•• Florian G. Barth,
•• James Robert Harris,
•• William G. Hime (posthumously),
•• Frank A. Kozeliski,
•• Surendra Keshav Manjrekar, and
•• Edward K. Rice.
The award recipients at the ACI Convention included:
Honorary Membership
“for outstanding leadership, vision, and guidance of the
Institute while serving as President; for outreach and
collaborations which led to a unified and holistic positioning
of concrete in the sustainability arena; and for pioneering
work and technical contributions to ACI 318 and in the field
of prestressed concrete”
Florian G. Barth is a retired concrete expert with over
35 years of experience and is the Founder and former CEO of
FBA, Inc., Hayward, CA, a structural engineering firm
specializing in prestressed concrete structures. Barth was
co-owner of RJS Concrete, one of the largest concrete
construction companies in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Barth is a Past President of ACI (2009-2010), and past
Chair and past Secretary of ACI Committee 224, Cracking.
He is a member of the ACI International Partnerships
Committee; ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of Concrete;
and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 423, Prestressed Concrete.
Barth previously served on ACI Committee 318, Structural
Concrete Building Code; the Technical Activities Committee;
Responsibility in Concrete Construction Committee; Financial
Advisory Committee; Marketing Committee; and the ACI
Board of Direction (2000-2008). He is Past President and
former Director of the Northern California and Western
Nevada Chapter – ACI (1993-1997).
Barth received the 2005 ACI Delmar L. Bloem
Distinguished Service Award for his outstanding leadership
of ACI Committee 224, and the 2017 ACI Concrete
Sustainability Award. He also co-initiated the Concrete Joint
Sustainability Initiative (CJSI) in 2008, which was
instrumental in unifying the sustainability outlook of the
U.S. concrete industry.
An active member and Fellow of the Post-Tensioning
Institute (PTI), Barth was inducted as a charter member into
the PTI Hall of Fame “Legends of Post-Tensioning.”
His current interests include advancing sustainability, by
assuring resilience in the built environment.
Barth received his bachelor’s and master’s degree in
structural engineering from Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe,
Germany, and his master’s degree in architecture from
California State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.
“for visionary leadership in the development of codes and
standards for the design of safe and reliable buildings and for
dedicated service to the structural engineering profession”
James Robert (Jim) Harris is a Principal at J.R. Harris &
Company, a consulting structural engineering firm in Denver,
CO, that he founded in 1984. Prior to that he was employed at
other engineering firms in Denver and at the National Bureau
of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and
Technology) in Gaithersburg, MD.
He has served on ACI Committee 318, Structural Concrete
Building Code; and ACI Subcommittees 318-C, Safety,
Serviceability, and Analysis; 318-H, Seismic Provisions; and
318-G, Precast and Prestressed Concrete, since 1989. Harris
has also served on the ACI Board of Direction, the Fellows
Nominating Committee, the Financial Advisory Committee,
and ACI Committees 132, Responsibility in Concrete
Construction, and 133, Disaster Reconnaissance. He
participated as an instructor for many ACI training courses,
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 19
Award Recipients, Spring 2018
Honorary Membership—Florian G. Barth, James
Robert Harris, William G. Hime (posthumously), Frank A.
Kozeliski, Surendra Keshav Manjrekar, and Edward K. Rice
Arthur R. Anderson Medal—David W. Fowler
Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Constructor Award—
Chris Plue
Joe W. Kelly Award—Antonio Nanni
Henry L. Kennedy Award—Rolf Pawski
Henry C. Turner Medal—John T. Wolsiefer and Tony
Kojundic
Charles S. Whitney Medal—Roberto Stark
Cedric Willson Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Award—Karl F. Meyer
ACI Certification Award—Thomas L. Rozsits, Genaro
L. Salinas, and Wayne M. Wilson
ACI Concrete Sustainability Award—Martha G.
VanGeem
ACI Education Award—William D. Palmer Jr. and
William E. Rushing Jr.
ACI Strategic Advancement Award—Michael J. Paul
ACI Young Member Award for Professional
Achievement—Amir Bonakdar, Dimitri Feys, and J. Bret
Robertson
Wason Medal for Most Meritorious Paper—N.J.
(John) Gardner, Lloyd Keller, Kamal H. Khayat, David A.
Lange, and Ahmed Omran
ACI Construction Award—Brian P. Cresenzi
ACI Design Award—Luis E. García, Mete A. Sozen,
Anthony E. Fiorato, Luis E. Yamín, and Juan F. Correal
Chester Paul Siess Award for Excellence in Structural
Research—Giorgio Talotti Proestos, Gwang-Min Bae,
Jae-Yeol Cho, Evan C. Bentz, and Michael P. Collins
Wason Medal for Materials Research—Hocine Siad,
Mohamed Lachemi, Mustafa Şahmaran, and Khandaker M.
Anwar Hossain
Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished Service Award—
Julie K. Buffenbarger, Maria Juenger, Carin Roberts-
Wollmann, and Thomas Van Dam
Chapter Activities Award—Tim Cost, John E. Ellis II,
Arturo Gaytan-Covarrubias, and William J. Lyons III
Walter P. Moore, Jr. Faculty Achievement Award—
Matthew D. Lovell
ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council Arthur
J. Boase Award—Conrad Paulson
ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council Robert
E. Philleo Award—Jason Weiss
ACI Foundation Strategic Development Council
Jean-Claude Roumain Innovation in Concrete Award—
Michael M. Sprinkel
20 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Barth Harris Hime
mostly dealing with changes to ACI 318. Harris received the
2015 ACI Alfred E. Lindau Award. He is a Fellow of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), where he has
long served on the committee that prepares the standard
ASCE/SEI 7, Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria
for Buildings and Other Structures.
His professional practice spans design of new structures,
design of repairs and rehabilitation of existing structures,
investigation of failures, and applied research. His research
interests include earthquake engineering, snow loads,
foundations on expansive soils, and the structure of standards
for engineering.
Harris received his BS in civil engineering from the
University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, in 1968, and
his MS and PhD in civil engineering from the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, in 1975 and 1980,
respectively. He is a licensed professional engineer in
Colorado and a licensed structural engineer in California.
“for contributions to the cement and concrete industries
through the development and integration of chemical
evaluations and testing procedures to characterize the
material properties of concrete and improve the durability and
sustainability of concrete structures”
William G. Hime was a nationally recognized expert in
the chemistry, properties, and analysis of cement, mortar, and
concrete. Prior to his passing in June 2017, he served as
Project Manager for hundreds of investigations of distressed
concrete caused by alkali-silica reactions, sulfide attack,
freezing-and-thawing action, and delayed ettringite formation
(DEF). His expertise also extended to corrosion of steel;
safety issues, such as chemical burns; and research,
troubleshooting, and failure analyses, where he investigated
failures of numerous structures made with gypsum, including
floors, grouts, plasters, and stuccos.
Hime developed several analytical procedures that are
presently used to solve problems in concrete construction,
including methods for cement and chloride contents of
concrete and for mixer efficiency. Many of these procedures
have been adopted by ASTM International.
In 1984, Hime joined Wiss Janney Elstner through the
acquisition of Erlin Hime Associates (EHA), now known as
the WJE Materials Science and Engineering Group, where he
served as a Principal of the company.
In 1971, Hime left the Portland Cement Association (PCA)
to become a Co-Founder with Bernie Erlin of EHA,
specializing in chemical and petrographic analyses of concrete
and other materials of construction and serving clients such as
owners, architects, engineers, and governmental agencies.
Prior to founding EHA, Hime served as a Research Chemist,
head of the analytical laboratories, and Manager of Chemical
and Petrographic Research for PCA’s Research and
Development Laboratories from 1951 to 1971. He took a
1-year leave to serve as a chemistry professor for Louisiana
Tech University, Ruston, LA.
Hime wrote over 60 papers on cement and concrete
research, analytical chemistry, corrosion, cement burns, and
gypsum systems. He was a member and Fellow of ASTM
International, receiving its 1997 Award of Merit. He was also
an Honorary Member of ASTM Committees C01, Cement,
and C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, and a member of
several subcommittees. He served as Chair of the Chemical
Analysis Subcommittee of C01 for 10 years.
Hime served in offices of the American Chemical Society
(ACS). He also participated in committee work of the
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) and
was also a member of The Masonry Society (TMS).
He received his BS in chemistry and mathematics from
Heidelberg College, Tiffin, OH, in 1948, and in 1951, studied
analytical chemistry at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
“for outstanding contributions to ACI and the concrete
industry; for lifetime achievements, which include pioneering
and innovative work in pervious concrete and numerous
improvements of ready-mixed concrete; and for the
inspirational celebration of the science and art of concrete”
Frank A. Kozeliski was the Materials Engineer and Owner
of Gallup Sand and Gravel Co., Gallup, NM, a family-owned
ready mixed concrete company until it was sold in 2007.
Currently, he is involved in the promotion of concrete through
his seminars on street paving, concrete parking lots, and
insulated concrete forms.
Kozeliski presents ACI Troubleshooting Concrete
Construction Seminars throughout the United States. Most
recently his materials were translated into Spanish and
presented in a seminar in Peru and Costa Rica. He does ACI
Technician Certification in New Mexico and Honduras.
Kozeliski has received numerous awards including the 2005
ACI Chapter Activities Award, 2009 ACI Delmar L. Bloem
Distinguished Service Award, and 2011 ACI Henry C. Turner
Medal, and has been recognized for lifetime achievement for
the promotion of concrete by the National Ready Mixed
Concrete Association (NRMCA). Kozeliski also was chosen
as a delegate by the People to People Ambassador Program to
lecture in China, Russia, and South Africa. He became an ACI
member in 1968 and will mark 50 years as a member in 2018.
He originally became active in ACI because there were few
members from the “wild” west.
Kozeliski previously served on the ACI Educational
Activities Committee. He is a member of ACI Committees 211,
Kozeliski Manjrekar
Proportioning Concrete Mixtures; 229, Controlled Low-
Strength Materials; 305, Hot Weather Concreting; 308, Curing
Concrete; 330, Concrete Parking Lots and Site Paving; 522,
Pervious Concrete; 552, Cementitious Grouting; 555, Concrete
with Recycled Materials; and S801, Student Activities. He is
Past President of the New Mexico Chapter – ACI.
His research and development interests include the use of
alternate materials to make concrete, such as crushed glass,
shredded rubber, sludge pucky, and paper. He has used a
redesigned open graded base using smaller rock and cement to
make pervious concrete, creating items such as cups, business
cards, coasters, and bowls.
Kozeliski received his BS in civil engineering in 1967 and
his master’s degree in 1969 from New Mexico State
University, Las Cruces, NM, where he is an Honorary
Member of the Academy of Civil Engineering.
He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE), the National Society of Professional Engineers
(NSPE), ASTM International, NRMCA, and Chi Epsilon, the
National Civil Engineering Honor Society. Kozeliski is a
licensed professional engineer in New Mexico, Texas, and
Alabama.
“for energetic efforts to foster ACI and the tireless
promotion of certification to practicing engineers in India,
and outstanding contributions to ACI international outreach
activities”
Surendra Keshav Manjrekar is the Founder and CEO of
M/s. Sunanda Speciality Coatings Pvt. Ltd., a recognized
leader in the manufacture of construction chemicals in India.
The company was organized in 1980.
He joined ACI in 1987. Manjrekar conducts and teaches
ACI certification field testing courses in India. He was invited
by the Malaysia Chapter – ACI to provide an overview of
ACI’s new strategic plan for international outreach, also
presenting the overview to neighboring countries. Manjrekar
has been very active in the India Chapter – ACI where he
served as President for several years (1998-2001, 2001-2003,
and 2005-2008).
He has published more than 200 papers in various national
and international journals and is a guest editor of the
Construction and Building Materials Journal, Cement and
Concrete Research Journal, and Revista ALCONPAT. He is a
member of ASTM International and the National Corrosion
Mission in India, which was formed by the Federation of
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 21

Rice Fowler Plue Berkeley Distinguished Engineering Alumnus, induction to the
Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of
Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Government of India, and
NACE India.
Manjrekar has made more than 100 keynote presentations
throughout the United Kingdom, United States, Malaysia,
Oman, Dubai, Sharjah, Kuwait, Romania, and Hong Kong on
topics including concrete, corrosion prevention, dampproofing,
repairs, and nano materials. He also made presentations at the
Pittsburgh (2010) and Denver (2015) ACI conventions.
He is Chair of the R.N. Raikar International Conference
“Advances in Concrete and Technology” held biennially in
India. Manjrekar has participated in numerous conferences
and workshops. He was an invited guest at the ISO/TC 71 joint
ACI, ANSI, and ISO meeting, March 2008, San Francisco, CA,
and the ACI International Summit, July 2012, ACI Headquarters,
to assist in expanding ACI’s international activities.
He is the signatory to the National Skill Development
Corporation, an initiative of the Ministry of Chemicals and
Petrochemicals Sector Skills Council (C&PSSC), Government
of India. C&PSSC works to develop standards and manpower
skills for the chemicals and petrochemicals sector.
In March 2017. Manjrekar received the Industry Doyen
award by the Construction Industry Development Council
(CIDC) Government of India, the highest recognition of the
construction industry in India.
Manjrekar received his PhD from Bombay University,
Bombay, Maharashtra, India, in 1977.
“for outstanding lifelong contributions in the advancement
of concrete and cement technology and particularly
shrinkage-compensating cements”
Edward K. Rice began his career at the University of
California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, in 1951,
when he joined the Engineering Faculty as a Lecturer in
Engineering. In 1957, he left UCLA to co-found the
engineering firm of T.Y. Lin and Associates, where he was
President for 17 years. Rice founded CTS Manufacturing
Company and was Chairman for 42 years.
His career has been characterized by passion for
construction, creativity, and concrete technology, and an
ongoing pursuit of solutions to human problems in a
technological society. Rice worked with Alexander Klein in
the development of Type K cement. He holds 27 patents in
cement and concrete technology. He is the inventor of the
single-strand post-tensioning system, which is in worldwide
22 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
use today. Rice was the developer of the Los Angeles World
Trade Center, and a partner in downtown Plaza Associates,
developers of eight blocks in downtown Sacramento, CA.
He is a member of ACI Committees 223, Shrinkage-
Compensating Concrete, and 524, Plastering. Rice has been
an ACI member for more than 65 years. He is a Fellow of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
Rice has received many awards including the 1987 UC
Post-Tensioning Institute Hall of Fame in 2005, the 2002 UCLA
Engineering Service Award, and the 2013 UCLA Lifetime
Contribution Award. In 2013, he was named an Honorary
Member of ASTM International Committee CO1, Cement.
He served on the UC Berkeley Engineering Advisory
Board from 2003 to 2008 and the UCLA School of
Engineering Advisory Board since 1990.
Rice received his BS and MS in civil engineering from the
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, in 1949 and
1951, respectively.
Arthur R. Anderson Medal
“for contributions in research and education regarding the
effective use of materials to improve the durability and service
life of new and existing concrete structures”
ACI Honorary Member David W. Fowler is a
Distinguished Teaching Professor Emeritus and the Joe J.
King Chair in Engineering No. 2 Emeritus at The University
of Texas (UT) at Austin, Austin, TX. He served as the Director
of the International Center for Aggregates.
Fowler previously served on the ACI Board of Direction
and was Chair of the ACI Foundation Concrete Research
Council and the Concrete Research Foundation. He was Chair
of ACI Committees 548, Polymers and Adhesives for
Concrete, and E903, Convention Training. Fowler has served
on various other ACI Committees including 130, Sustainability
of Concrete; 211, Proportioning Concrete Mixtures; 224,
Cracking; 546, Repair of Concrete; 551, Tilt-Up Concrete
Construction; and the Committee on Nominations.
He received the 1985 ACI Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished
Service Award, the 2003 ACI Foundation Robert E. Philleo
Award, and was named an ACI Honorary Member in 2017.
Fowler helped organize and served as the first President of the
International Congress of Polymers in Concrete. He was
among the first non-Russians to be named an Honorary
Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering in 1992 and
elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1998.
Fowler is a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) and the Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI). He
was recognized for his teaching by receiving the top college
and university teaching awards and was a member of the UT
Academy of Distinguished Teachers.
His research interests include concrete-polymer materials,
concrete repair materials and techniques, bonded concrete
overlays, aggregates in concrete, and surface friction of
concrete pavements.
 Fowler received his BS and MS in architectural engineering
in 1960 and 1962, respectively, from the University of Texas at
Austin, and his PhD in civil engineering from the University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, in 1965.
Roger H. Corbetta Concrete Constructor Award
“for leadership in construction safety, concrete
sustainability, BIM implementation, and innovation in
construction techniques, as evidenced by willingness to share
knowledge and vision with fellow contractors”
Chris Plue is Senior Vice President of Webcor Builders,
San Francisco, CA, a $2 billion general contractor. He is
responsible for the Self-Perform Division at Webcor, a
specialty subcontracting group that performs concrete and
drywall. He is known for safe production: rapid floor cycles
using a collaborative approach that integrates safety and
production. Plue is also current President of the American
Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC).
He is a member of ACI Committee E703, Concrete
Construction Practices. Plue previously served on the ACI
Construction Liaison Committee; Marketing Committee;
Financial Advisory Committee; and SA01, Construction Award.
He received his BS in civil engineering from the University
of California, Davis, Davis, CA, in 1985, and his MBA from
St. Mary’s College, Moraga, CA, in 1998.
Joe W. Kelly Award
“for outstanding contributions to ACI through leadership,
committee service, and mentoring students; and extensive
contributions to the concrete industry in diverse activities
from research and implementation of new technologies for
new concrete structures, to assessment and repair of existing
structures”
Antonio Nanni, FACI, has been Professor and Chair in the
Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental
Engineering at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL,
since 2006.
He is Chair of ACI Committee 549, Thin Reinforced
Cementitious Products and Ferrocement, and is a member
of ACI Committees 437, Strength Evaluation of Existing
Concrete Structures; 440, Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
Reinforcement; and 562, Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation
of Concrete Buildings; and ACI Subcommittee 440-H,
FRP-Reinforced Concrete. Nanni previously served on
ACI Committees 325, Concrete Pavements; 544, Fiber-
Reinforced Concrete; 563, Specifications for Repair of
Structural Concrete in Buildings; Joint ACI-ASCE-TMS
Committee 530, Masonry Standards; TAC Repair and
Rehabilitation Committee; Educational Activities
Committee; Technical Activities Committee; ACI
Foundation Concrete Research Council (CRC); Journals
Oversight Team; and the Committee on Nominations. He is
also a member of ASTM International.
He received the 1999 ACI Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished
Service Award and the 2006 ACI Chapter Activities Award.
Nanni Pawski Wolsiefer
Nanni is also a Fellow of the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include structural concrete and the
use of fiber-reinforced polymers in new construction and
structural repair.
Nanni received his BS in civil engineering from the
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, and his MSc and PhD
in civil engineering at the University of Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa, and the University of Miami, in
1978, 1980, and 1985, respectively. He is a licensed
professional engineer in Florida, Missouri, Oklahoma, and
Pennsylvania, as well as Italy.
Henry L. Kennedy Award
“for technical, administrative, and leadership contributions
and service on technical committees that has enhanced the
industry’s knowledge and advancement of engineering and
construction practices”
Rolf Pawski is Chief Engineer for Landmark Structures,
headquartered in Fort Worth, TX. He is Vice Chair of ACI
Committee 376, Concrete Structures for Refrigerated
Liquefied Gas Containment; past Chair and Secretary of 371,
Elevated Tanks with Concrete Pedestals; and is a member of
ACI Subcommittee 350-F, Seismic Provisions. Pawski is also
a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE), and member and subcommittee Chair of the
American Water Works Association (AWWA) Committee for
Steel and Composite Water Storage Tanks.
His research interests include promotion of nonbattery
schemes for storage of excess solar and wind power such as
pumped storage for hydroelectric generation and the use of
liquefied air as a storage medium for air-driven turbines.
Pawski received his BSCE in civil engineering from
Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, in 1969. He is a
licensed professional engineer and/or structural engineer in
30 states.
Henry C. Turner Medal
“for tireless work and continued technical support in the
promotion of the rational use of silica fume in concrete”
John T. Wolsiefer is one of the original champions of
silica fume. He founded Norchem, the first U.S.-based
company performing engineering, processing, and market
development of silica fume applications.
He has served on ACI Committees 234, Silica Fume in
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 23
Concrete; 362, Parking Structures; and 363, High-Strength
Concrete. Wolsiefer is also a member of ASTM International,
where he has served as Chair of the task group on silica fume
for 11 years, which has developed and continues to maintain
ASTM C1240, “Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used
in Cementitious Mixtures.”
Wolsiefer has been the recipient of many awards, including
the Asbjorn Markestad International award for Technology
Contribution for the use of silica fume in portland cement
concrete. He also received the award for Sustained Technical
Contributions to CANMET/ACI International Conferences
from 1975 to 2010.
Wolsiefer received his BS in applied physics from Hofstra
University, Hempstead, NY, in 1960, and his MS in
management and operations research from Long Island
University, Brookville, NY, in 1968.
Tony Kojundic, FACI, is the Business Manager for Elkem
Materials Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, for the past 34 years, and
Co-Founder and Director of the Silica Fume Association
(SFA) for the past 21 years.
He served as Secretary of ACI Committee 234, Silica
Fume in Concrete, and is a member of ACI Committees 239,
Ultra-High Performance Concrete; 363, High-Strength
Concrete; and 365, Service Life Prediction. Kojundic is also a
member of ASTM International and the American Ceramic
Society (ACS). He was elected a Fellow of ACI in 2005.
His research interests include the technical transfer of
high-performance concrete with silica fume to the structural
engineering community and State Departments of
Transportations through a co-operative agreement with the
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and SFA.
Kojundic received his BS in agricultural engineering from
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, in 1975.
Charles S. Whitney Medal
“in recognition of innovative structural designs of tall
reinforced concrete buildings, such as the Torre KOI, the
tallest building in Mexico”
Roberto Stark, FACI, is the President of Stark + Ortiz, S.C.,
a consulting firm based in Mexico City, which provides
structural design services for urban and infrastructure
projects throughout Mexico, Peru, Panama, Colombia, and
Guatemala. Since 1979, Stark has also been a Professor
at the National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
City, Mexico.
He is a member of ACI Committees 318, Structural
Concrete Building Code; 369, Seismic Repair and
Rehabilitation; 374, Performance-Based Seismic Design of
Concrete Buildings; the International Advisory Committee;
and ACI Subcommittees 318-D, Members; and 318-L
International Liaison. Stark is on the ACI Board of Direction
for the term 2015-2018.
He received the Gabino Barreda Medal for the highest
Academic Achievement in 1981. He served as the Mexican
24 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
delegate on ISO/TC 71 from 2005 to 2012.
Stark received his BS in civil engineering from UNAM in
1981 and his MS and PhD from the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, in 1983 and 1988, respectively.
Cedric Willson Lightweight Aggregate
Concrete Award
“for the many contributions to the knowledge base for
concrete technology, and the effective transfer of this
knowledge to students and others through research,
professional papers, presentations, and standards
development activities”
Karl F. (Fred) Meyer, FACI, is Professor and Head of the
Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering at the
United States Military Academy, West Point, NY. He has
served for over 33 years as an active duty Army Officer and
for over 15 years on the West Point Faculty.
He is Chair of the International Project Awards
Committee Judging Subcommittee and a member of ACI
Committees S803, Faculty Network; S804, Student and
Young Professional Awards; Student and Young Professional
Activities Committee; International Advisory Committee;
213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete; 239, Ultra-High
Performance Concrete; and ACI Subcommittee 318-A,
General, Concrete, and Construction. He previously served
on the ACI Board of Direction and the Committee on
Nominations and was Chair of ACI Committee S802,
Teaching Methods and Educational Materials. He is also a
member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include lightweight and ultra-high-
performance concrete as well as sustainable and energy-
efficient construction techniques for use in an expeditionary
environment.
Meyer received his BS from the United States Military
Academy in 1984, and his MS and PhD in civil engineering
from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, in
1993 and 2002, respectively. He is a licensed professional
engineer in Virginia.
ACI Certification Award
“for outstanding service on ACI Certification Committees,
and tireless service in developing, promoting, supporting, and
delivering ACI Certification programs”
Thomas L. Rozsits is Vice President and Director of
Engineering for Ohio Concrete in Columbus, OH. He has
been with the association for over 12 years and oversees
technical and educational activities including the Engineering
Services Center.
Rozsits is a member of the ACI Certification Programs
Committee and ACI Committees 522, Pervious Concrete;
C610, Field Technician Certification; and C680, Adhesive
Anchor Installer Certification. He previously served on the
Chapter Activities Committee and Membership Committee.
Rozsits is a two-time Past President of the Central Ohio
Chapter – ACI, where he currently serves as a Director.
Kojundic Stark Meyer Rozsits Salinas Wilson

Rozsits is a member of the American Society of Civil Association since 1996, and served as Past President. Salinas
Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International. is also active in student certification at UACJ, NMSU,
He received his BS in civil engineering from The Ohio Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education
State University, Columbus, OH, in 1989. He is a licensed (ITESM), and Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
professional engineer in Ohio and Indiana. (PUCE).
He received his BS in civil engineering from Monterrey
“for outstanding service on ACI Certification Committees, Institute of Technology, Monterrey, Mexico, in 1963.
and tireless service in developing, promoting, supporting, and
delivering ACI Certification programs” “for outstanding service on ACI Certification Committees,
Genaro L. Salinas, FACI, is Concrete Construction and tireless service in developing, promoting, supporting, and
Consultant for Salinas Consultants, El Paso, TX. He was delivering ACI Certification programs”
recognized for his numerous contributions to ACI Wayne M. Wilson, FACI, is a Senior Technical Service
Certification programs for teaching classes in Spanish and Engineer with LafargeHolcim, Suwanee, GA, where he is
assisting sponsoring groups to develop new certification responsible for cementitious materials marketing and quality
programs in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, assurance and technical support for portland cement, slag
Ecuador, and several locations in the United States. cement, and fly ash sales in the southern United States. He has
Salinas is a member of ACI Committees 223, Shrinkage- 33 years of experience in the construction materials testing,
Compensating Concrete; C601, New Certification Programs; analysis, and inspection field.
C610, Field Technician Certification; C620, Laboratory Wilson has been Certification Chair of the Georgia Chapter –
Technician Certification; C630, Construction Inspector ACI since 2008, Past President in 2007 and 2017, and
Certification; C631, Concrete Transportation Construction received the 2009 Distinguished Member Award. He is
Inspector Certification; C640, Craftsmen Certification; C650, Secretary of ACI Committee C631, Concrete Transportation
Tilt-Up Constructor Certification; C670, Masonry Technician Construction Inspector Certification, and is a member of the
Certification; International Certification; and ACI ACI Certification Programs Committee, and ACI Committees
Subcommittee C601-D, Decorative Concrete Finisher. He
serves as an examiner for 14 classes in Spanish, translating
several certification exams, and training classes and exams for
flatwork finishers in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Fifty-Year Members Honored
Florida, Oklahoma, New York, and the District of Columbia. At The ACI Concrete Convention – Spring 2018, the
Salinas is a member and Past President of the El Paso following members were recognized with citations of
International Chapter – ACI. achievement for 50 years of continuous membership in
Salinas became a Fellow of ACI in 2016. He received the the American Concrete Institute:
2015 Northeast Mexico Chapter – ACI Raymundo Rivera- Jose R. Alejandro David Lanning
Villarreal Award. He is a regular lecturer for the Mexican Bob Barnett John M. Looney
Institute of Cement and Concrete and is also an advisor to James R. Cagley Rene Luft
Mexico’s Cement and Concrete and Masonry Association Michael P. Collins Harendra Mahendra
(IMCYC and ICCYC). He was a speaker at World of Concrete James E. (Jim) Cook Peeter Mannik
on industrial floor slabs and at World of Concrete Latin Bernard Erlin Urhan A. Mesen
America on concrete technology, tilt-up. Anthony E. Fiorato Shunsuke Otani
Salinas is a member of the Mexican Institute for M. Nadim Hassoun Max L. Porter
Development of Masonry Construction (IDEAC) and Guest Harvey H. Haynes Franz N. Rad
Professor of the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juaréz Roger S. Johnston Harold R. Sandberg
(UACJ), Construction Systems for Architects and New Richard W. Kistner Luke M. Snell
Mexico State University (NMSU), Concrete Quality School. Frank A. Kozeliski Peter Lee-Kien Yu
He has been a member of the El Paso Solar Energy

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 25

VanGeem Palmer Rushing Paul Bonakdar
C601, New Certification Programs; C610, Field Technician
Certification; C630, Construction Inspector Certification;
C670, Masonry Technician Certification; and 231, Properties
of Concrete at Early Ages; and ACI Subcommittee C601-F,
Nondestructive Testing Technician. He is also a member of
the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and
ASTM International.
He is an experienced concrete petrographer and has
investigated concrete and cement-related performance
problems throughout the world. Wilson is an active concrete
industry educational presenter offering education sessions on
cementitious materials, sulfate balance, admixture interaction,
masonry basics, concrete troubleshooting, concrete
petrography, masonry troubleshooting, cracking and concrete
performance, concrete testing, and inspection, and he has
authored/co-authored numerous technical papers.
Wilson received his BS in civil engineering technology
from Southern Polytechnic State University, Marietta, GA, in
1987. He is a licensed professional engineer in Georgia,
Alabama, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
ACI Concrete Sustainability Award
“for the many contributions to the knowledge base for
energy efficiency and sustainability of concrete, and the
effective transfer of this knowledge to others through
professional papers, presentations, and participation on
national energy efficiency and green building codes and
standards committees”
Martha G. VanGeem, FACI, is self-employed in Mount
Prospect, IL, as a Principal Engineer of Building Science and
Green Technologies. She serves as a project principal
investigator and specialized consultant in the areas of green
buildings and infrastructure, energy efficiency, energy codes,
thermal mass, and moisture mitigation.
VanGeem is a member of ACI Committees 130,
Sustainability of Concrete; and 207, Mass and Thermally
Controlled Concrete; and Joint ACI-TMS Committees 122,
Energy Efficiency of Concrete and Masonry Systems; and
216, Fire Resistance and Fire Protection of Structures. She
previously served on the Board Advisory Committee on
Sustainable Development, and ACI Committees 305, Hot
Weather Concreting, and 306, Cold Weather Concreting. She
is a Director of ASTM International Committee E60,
Sustainability, and a member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE).
26 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
VanGeem became a Fellow of ACI in 2012.
Her research interests include green building standards,
environmental life-cycle inventories (LCIs), life-cycle
assessments (LCAs), product category rules (PCR), and
environmental product declarations (EPDs) of cement,
concrete, and other construction materials. She has
investigated moisture problems and performed energy
analyses and testing for numerous concrete and other building
types and products.
VanGeem received her BS in civil engineering from the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, in
1976, and her MBA from the University of Chicago, Chicago,
IL, in 1981. She is a licensed professional engineer in Illinois
and a LEED Accredited Professional (LEED AP BD+C).
ACI Education Award
“for three decades of contributions to the education of
concrete contractors and the overall design community”
William D. Palmer Jr., FACI, is Editor-at-Large for
Hanley Wood’s Commercial Construction Group. He has
worked for Hanley Wood for 20 years. Previously, he was
Executive Director of The Masonry Society (TMS) in
Boulder, CO, and prior to that worked for ACI for 10 years as
Engineering Editor of Concrete International and as Director
of Educational Programs and, through ACI’s Association
Concepts subsidiary, was the Executive Director of the
American Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC).
Palmer is a member of ACI Committees 306, Cold Weather
Concreting; C640, Craftsmen Certification; and E703,
Concrete Construction Practices, on which he served as Chair
from 2000 to 2006. He previously served on the ACI
Educational Activities Committee, Certification Programs
Committee, and Marketing Committee.
Palmer received his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering
from the University of Colorado, Denver, CO, and his
master’s degree in environmental engineering from the
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA. He is a licensed
professional engineer in Michigan and Colorado.
“for contributions to educational committees through
leadership and continued support of ACI education”
William E. Rushing Jr., FACI, is a Vice President and
Manager of the Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department at Waldemar S. Nelson & Co., Inc, New
Orleans, LA.
 He is a Past President of ACI (2014-2015). Rushing
previously served as Chair of the ACI Convention
Committee, Educational Activities Committee, Financial
Advisory Committee, ACI Strategic Plan Drafting Task
Group, the Task Group on Managing Translations of ACI
Products and Services, and the ETC Product Development
Committee. He is Chair of the ACI Chapter Activities
Committee and a member of the ACI Board of Direction;
ACI Committees 314, Simplified Design of Concrete
Buildings; 351, Foundations for Equipment and Machinery;
376, Concrete Structures for Refrigerated Liquefied Gas
Containment; E702, Designing Concrete Structures; and
S801, Student Activities; and ACI Subcommittees 314-B,
Preliminary Design and Economic Impact; 314-D, Design
Aids; 314-Task Group 1, Update IPS-1; 351-D, Design
Provisions for Heavy Industrial Concrete Structures
Including Turbine Pedestals; 376-B, Materials Subcommittee.
He also served on the ACI Foundation and is the Chair for
Advancing Organizational Excellence (AOE), formerly
Creative Association Management (CAM).
A member of the Louisiana Chapter – ACI, Rushing
previously served on the Chapter’s Board of Direction and
was its President in 1998. He was Vice Chair of the ACI Fall
1996 Convention and Co-Chair of the ACI Fall 2009
Convention in New Orleans, LA. He is also a member of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
He received the 2011 ACI Henry L. Kennedy Award and
the 2003 ACI Chapter Activities Award. Rushing was
inducted into the LSU Civil and Environmental Engineering
Hall of Distinction. He received the 2004 Louisiana Chapter –
ACI Activity Award and the 2010 Chapter Distinguished
Member Award.
Rushing received his BS in civil engineering from
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, in 1981. He
is a licensed professional engineer in Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, and Arizona.
ACI Strategic Advancement Award
“for visionary and motivational leadership in the creation
and successful implementation of the ACI International
Project Awards Program, accomplished with efficient and
effective use of ACI resources, strengthening relationships
with ACI chapters and international partners, as well as
enhancing ACI’s recognition globally”
Michael J. Paul, FACI, is Principal Structural Engineer in
the Philadelphia, PA, office of Larsen & Landis, where he
provides engineering for building projects. Concluding
20 years of undergraduate teaching, Paul recently stepped
down as Coordinator for the Senior Design capstone course in
the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the
University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
Paul is Chair of the ACI Membership Committee and past
Chair of the International Project Awards Committee (IPAC)
and ACI Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics, for which he
continues to edit the “Notable Concrete” series produced for
ACI Conventions and excerpted in Concrete International.
He is a member of the ACI Convention Committee and ACI
Committee 120, History of Concrete. Paul previously served
on ACI Committees 229, Controlled Low-Strength
Materials; 533, Precast Panels; and 555, Concrete with
Recycled Materials. He also served on the editorial review
panel for both Sustainable Concrete Guides of the U.S.
Green Concrete Council.
He was named Engineer of the Year in 2008 by the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Delaware
Section. His Senior Design course received the National
Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
Engineering Award Grand Prize in 2010. He also is a member
of ASTM International and the American Institute of
Architects (AIA).
Paul received his BA from Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH,
in 1973, and his MSCE and MArch from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, in 1981. He is a
licensed professional engineer in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania and eight other states, a licensed architect in
New Jersey, and is LEED-AP accredited.
Paul accepts the award with thanks and credit to Project
Awards Task Group and IPAC members M. Adams,
A. Belanger, R. Carrasquillo, H. Caya, B. Chattin, M. Cheek,
C. Constantino, D. Elliot, A. Ellis, C. Forster, D. Freytag,
B. Garnant, M. Hufnagel, J. Hug, C. Jones, D. Lange,
R. Madison, I. Manjrekar, Q. McGuire, F. Meyer, D. Miller,
and D. Rogers.
ACI Young Member Award for Professional
Achievement
“for major positive influence on the design and practice of
fiber-reinforced concrete through ACI committee work and
industry-specific technical organizations”
Amir Bonakdar is the Business Development Manager for
The Euclid Chemical Company, Irvine, CA. He started with
Euclid in 2013 as an Engineering Manager for its fiber-
reinforced concrete (FRC) technology. Prior to this, he was a
Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering at Arizona State University
(ASU), Tempe, AZ.
Bonakdar is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 544-C, FRC-
Testing; and serves as a voting member of ACI Committee
544, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, of which he chaired a task
group for developing a new design guide for non-structural
and structural applications of FRC (ACI 544.4R). Prior to
this, he developed e-Learning courses for ACI University on
advancing FRC technology. Bonakdar is an associate
member of ACI Committees 201, Durability of Concrete;
224, Cracking; and 360, Design of Slabs on Ground. He was
on the first-place team of the 2004 ACI FRC Bowling-Ball
Student Competition and was a winner of the 2002 ACI
Concrete Project Competition. Bonakdar is a member of
Southern California Chapter – ACI and Arizona Chapter –
ACI. He is also a member of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 27
Institute (PCI), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE),
and ASTM International.
His research interests include fiber-reinforced concrete,
fracture mechanics, concrete durability, and material
characterization.
Bonakdar received his BS and MS in civil and structural
engineering from the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, in
2004 and 2006, respectively, and his PhD in civil and
environmental engineering from ASU in 2010.
He is a licensed professional engineer in Arizona.
“for contributions to a better understanding of concrete
rheology and transferring concrete rheological principles into
practice”
Dimitri Feys is an Assistant Professor in the Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering at
Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO, since January 2013.
He is Chair of ACI Subcommittee 238-A, Student
Workability, where he is responsible for the organization of
the Student Mortar Workability Competition. Feys is also a
member of ACI Committees 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete; 238, Workability of Fresh Concrete; 309,
Consolidation of Concrete; and ACI Subcommittee 211-P,
Guide for Selecting Proportions for Pumpable Concrete. He is
a member of the Missouri Chapter – ACI Board of Directors
and he is also Secretary of RILEM TC-266, Measuring
Rheological Properties of Cement-based Materials.
His research interests include mixture design, workability,
rheology, and placement of concrete. Feys has a specific
interest in pumping of different concrete types, and focuses on
the consequences of placement conditions on fresh and
hardened properties of concrete. He is also interested in the
rheology of other complex materials.
Feys received his combined BSc and MSc in civil
engineering, and his PhD in civil engineering from Ghent
University, Ghent, Belgium, in 2004 and 2009, respectively.
Prior to joining Missouri S&T, he was active as a Postdoctoral
Fellow at the Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC, Canada.
“for intense interest in all things concrete related and a
passion for sharing concrete knowledge with others on a
national and international level”
J. Bret Robertson is a PhD Candidate in the Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Oklahoma State
University (OSU), Stillwater, OK. He was a Civil Engineer
for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in Denver, CO, from 2010
to 2016. He has authored or co-authored over 30 technical
papers and reports.
Robertson is a member of ACI Committees 201, Durability
of Concrete; 236, Material Science of Concrete; and 241,
Nanotechnology of Concrete. During his time as a member of
the Rocky Mountain Chapter – ACI, he served on the Board
of Directors from 2014 to 2016, Secretary/Treasurer in 2015,
and President in 2016. He served as Chair of the student
program for The ACI Concrete Convention and Exposition – Fall
28 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
2015, in Denver, CO. Robertson received the 2017 ACI
Tribute to the Founders Fellowship. He is also a member of
ASTM International Committees C01, Cement, and C09,
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates.
His research interests include concrete durability and
hydration. He is working on improving current methods to
measure the water-cement ratio of fresh concrete, and on
using three-dimensional in-place structure and chemistry
imaging techniques at the nano- and microscale to improve
sustainability, economy, and mechanical properties of binders
for concrete.
Robertson received his BS and MS in civil engineering
from OSU, in 2008 and 2010, respectively. His PhD in civil
engineering from OSU is expected to be granted in 2019. He
is a licensed professional engineer in Colorado.
Wason Medal for Most Meritorious Paper
“for the large-scale experimental investigation to measure
form pressures exerted by self-consolidating concrete”
(“Field Measurements of SCC Lateral Pressure—Toronto
2014,” Concrete International, June 2016, pp. 42-50)
N.J. (John) Gardner, FACI, is Professor Emeritus at the
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, where he was a
faculty member from 1968 until his retirement in 2004.
He has been an ACI member since 1962. Gardner is a
member of ACI Committees 209, Creep and Shrinkage in
Concrete; 347, Formwork for Concrete; and 435, Deflections
of Concrete Building Structures. He previously served on
ACI Committee 231, Properties of Concrete at Early Ages,
and Joint ACI-ASCE Subcommittee 445-C, Shear &
Torsion-Punching Shear. He is also a member of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)/SEI
Committee on Design Loads on Structures during Construction
Standards, and Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Committee S269, Formwork.
Gardner, with Luc Monette, was awarded the 2017 ACI
Construction Award for their co-authored paper “Shored/
Reshored Construction of Flat Plates.”
His research interests include the loads imposed during
construction of flat slabs, shrinkage and creep of concrete,
punching shear, “deemed to comply” span/thickness limits,
and formwork pressures.
He received his BSc and PhD in 1960 and 1963, respectively,
from the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Lloyd Keller, FACI, is the Director, Building & Material
Sciences/QA in the Construction Sciences Division of
EllisDon Corporation, Mississauga, ON, Canada. He has been
with EllisDon for over 30 years.
Keller has been a member of ACI since 1990, and is a
long-time member of the Canadian Standards Association
(CSA). He is a member of ACI Committees 207, Mass and
Thermally Controlled Concrete; 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete; and the ACI Construction Liaison Committee. He is
a Subcommittee Chairperson of CSA Technical Committees
Feys Robertson Gardner Keller Khayat Lange
A23.1, Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete, and
A23.2, Methods of Testing for Concrete. Keller is a past
Director of the Ontario Chapter – ACI and a past member of
CSA Committee Z317.13, Infection Control for Construction
Renovation & Maintenance of Health Care Facilities.
He was elected a Fellow of ACI in 2017. His research
interests include self-consolidating concrete. Keller received
his Civil Technologist Diploma and Structural Technologist
Diploma from the British Columbia Institute of Technology,
Vancouver, BC, Canada, in 1976.
Kamal H. Khayat, FACI, is the Vernon and Maralee Jones
Professor of civil engineering at Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO.
At Missouri S&T, he serves as Director of the Center for
Infrastructure Engineering Studies (CIES) and Director of the
Tier-1 University Transportation Center for Research on
Concrete Applications for Sustainable Transportation
(RE-CAST).
He is Secretary of ACI Committee 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete, and a member of ACI Committees 234, Silica Fume
in Concrete; 236, Material Science of Concrete; 238,
Workability of Fresh Concrete; 347, Formwork for Concrete;
552, Cementitious Grouting; and the Editorial Board of the
ACI Materials Journal.
He was the recipient of the 2017 ACI Foundation Jean-
Claude Roumain Innovation in Concrete Award, the 2015
ACI Arthur R. Anderson Medal, the 2012 Quebec and Eastern
Ontario Chapter – ACI Award, and the 2006 ACI/CANMET
Award.
His research interests include rheology of cement-based
materials and the design of advanced cement-based materials
in construction, including self-consolidating concrete,
high-performance, underwater concrete, fiber-reinforced
concrete, ultra-high-performance concrete, and grouts.
Khayat received his BS in civil engineering in 1982, his
MEng in construction engineering and management in 1984,
his MS in structural engineering in 1985, and his PhD in civil
engineering in 1989, from the University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
David A. Lange, FACI, is Professor of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. He is Director of the Center
of Excellence for Airport Technology, a research center
working in partnership with the Chicago Department of
Aviation and the O’Hare International Airport.
A long-time ACI member, Lange has served on the ACI
Board of Direction and is a past Chair of the ACI Technical
Activities Committee, the Publications Committee, and the
Board Outlook 2030 Task Group. He is a member of the ACI
Foundation Board of Trustees, ACI Financial Advisory
Committee, and ACI Committees 236, Material Science of
Concrete; 237, Self-Consolidating Concrete; 241,
Nanotechnology of Concrete; 544, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete;
S802, Teaching Methods and Educational Materials; and
S803, Faculty Network.
Lange received the 2003 ACI Wason Medal for Most
Meritorious Paper. He is a Fellow of the American Ceramic
Society and he received a 2013 J. William Fulbright
Scholar Award.
Lange received his BS in civil engineering from
Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, in 1981; his MBA
from Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, in 1984; and his
PhD in civil engineering from Northwestern University,
Evanston, IL, in 1991.
Ahmed Omran is a Professional Research Scientist in the
Research Laboratory on Alternative Cementitious Materials
(LMCA) at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University
of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, and Assistant
Professor of the University of Minoufiya, Monufia, Egypt.
Omran is a member of ACI Committees 237, Self-
Consolidating Concrete; 347, Formwork for Concrete; 555,
Concrete with Recycled Materials; and E701, Materials for
Concrete Construction. He is a member of RILEM Committee
233, Formwork Pressure of Concrete; Canadian Standards
Association (CSA) Committees S269.1/S269.3, Formwork/
Falsework for Construction Purposes, and A3000,
Cementitious Materials Compendium; and ASTM
International Committee C09, Concrete and Concrete
Aggregates, and Subcommittee C09.24, Supplementary
Cementitious Materials. Omran is also a member of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the National
Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA), Egyptian
Syndicate of Engineers, Society of Egyptian Engineers, and
many other local organizations in Canada, such as the
Research Center on Concrete Infrastructures (CRIB), and
Laboratoires International Associe (LIA-ECOMAT).
His research interests include sustainable and durability of
cement-based materials, alternative supplementary
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 29
Omran Cresenzi García Sozen Fiorato Yamín
cementitious materials (ASCM), ultra-high-performance
concrete, use of nano-cellulose and natural fibers, rheology,
and formwork pressure.
Omran received his BS in civil engineering and his MS in
structural and material engineering from the University of
Minoufiya in 1999 and 2003, respectively, and his PhD in
materials and concrete technology from the University of
Sherbrooke in 2009. He is a licensed professional engineer in
the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada.
ACI Construction Award
“for the discussion of concrete production and concrete
quality organization, as well as oversight testing and
evaluation of the new NY Bridge designed for a 100-year
service life without major rehabilitation”
(“The New NY Bridge Construction,” Concrete
International, September 2016, pp. 29-34)
Brian P. Cresenzi works for HNTB Corp., Tarrytown, NY,
and is the Materials Engineer for the New York State Thruway
Authority construction oversight team on the New NY Bridge
project located in Tarrytown. He has over 18 years of
engineering experience designing marine and transportation
facilities as well as providing construction oversight services.
Cresenzi received his BS and MEng from Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY, and his MBA from New York
University Stern School of Business, New York, NY, in 1998,
1999, and 2008, respectively. He is a licensed professional
engineer in New York.
ACI Design Award
“for the investigation of root causes of a 27-story building
collapse in Medellín, Colombia”
(“An Insight into the Space Building Collapse,” SP 311-13,
September 2016, pp. 13.1-13.14)
ACI Honorary Member Luis E. García is an independent
consultant who has been involved in structural engineering
since the early 1970s. In 1980, he founded Proyectos y
Diseños Ltda. (P&D Ltda.), a structural engineering
consulting firm in Bogotá, Colombia, retiring in April 2015.
García has been engaged in teaching and research at the
Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, since 1973, and
was Chair of the Civil Engineering Department from 1982 to
1983. From 2001 to 2003, he was Visiting Professor of Civil
Engineering at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
García is a Past President of ACI (2008-2009). He has been
30 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
a member of ACI Committee 318, Structural Concrete
Building Code, since 1985, and is past Chair of Subcommittee
318-D, Members (2002 to 2008). García is Chair of ACI
Subcommittees 318-L, International Liaison, and 318-1N,
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis; a member and past Chair of
ACI Committee 314, Simplified Design of Concrete
Buildings; and a member of ACI Committees 133, Disaster
Reconnaissance; 374, Performance-Based Design of Concrete
Buildings; ACI Subcommittee 318-F, Foundations; Joint
ACI-ASCE Committee 352, Joints and Connections in
Monolithic Concrete Structures; the Board Advisory
Committee on ISO TC71; and the Committee on Codes and
Standards Advocacy and Outreach.
García was elected an Honorary Member of ACI in 2017.
He was the recipient of the ACI Committee 318 Structural
Concrete Building Code Distinguished Service Award in
2011, was recognized for his services as President of the
Institute in 2009, received the 2003 ACI Alfred E. Lindau
Award, and the 2000 ACI Joe W. Kelly Award. He was elected
Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in
2006, and a Life Member of ASCE in 2012.
García received his degree in civil engineering from the
Universidad de los Andes in 1971, and his MSc in civil
engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Urbana, IL, in 1972.
ACI Honorary Member Mete A. Sozen is the Kettelhut
Distinguished Professor of Structural Engineering at Purdue
University, West Lafayette, IN.
He served on ACI Committee 318, Structural Concrete
Building Code, for several years and served as its Chair in
1980 when the first set of specifications for earthquake
resistance was prepared. Sozen has served on many technical
committees of ACI, the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE), the European Concrete Committee, the Precast/
Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), and the Earthquake
Engineering Research Institute (EERI). He previously served
as Chair of The U.S. National Committee on Natural
Disasters. For research related to earthquake issues, he has
served on the Joint U.S.-People’s Republic of China
Committee, the U.S.-Japan Committee, and on the Illinois
Governors Earthquake Preparedness Task Force. Sozen was
Chair of the Joint U.S.-Japan Coordination Committee on
Urban Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research and the
National Academy of Sciences Committee on Blast Effects.
 He has been elected to membership in the U.S. National
Academy of Engineers and the Royal Swedish Academy of
Engineering Sciences. Sozen has been granted honorary
doctorates by Boğaziçi University, Beşiktaş/Istanbul, Turkey;
Janus Pannonius University of Pécs (now University of Pécs),
Pécs, Hungary; Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi,
Georgia; and honorary membership by the Turkish American
Architects, Engineers, and Scientists Association; the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); and Japan
Society of Architectural Engineers.
His research interests include vulnerability assessment of
buildings, transportation and massive structures, development
of numerical nonlinear models for spatial dynamic response of
reinforced concrete structures, effects of fire and explosions
on buildings, and uses of high-strength concrete in
earthquake-resistant design.
Sozen received his BSc in civil engineering from Robert
College (now Boğaziçi University), Istanbul, Turkey, and his
MS in civil engineering from the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, in 1951 and 1952, respectively.
After working as a structural designer with Kaiser Engineers,
Oakland, CA, and Hardesty and Hanover, New York, NY, he
returned to receive his PhD in civil engineering at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1956.
Concrete Repair Code Requirements
and Project Examples
ACI 562-16 is the first code
specifically for repairing
reinforced concrete. The
companion publication, “Guide
to the Code for Assessment,
Repair, and Rehabilitation of
Existing Concrete Structures,”
includes chapter guides and
project examples.
Looking for more on ACI 562-16? ACI has produced a series of on-demand courses that
review the process behind the ACI 562 repair code and showcase several project examples.
www.concrete.org/ACI562
ACI Honorary Member Anthony E. Fiorato, Fish Creek,
WI, provides consulting services on engineering properties,
testing, and durability of concrete; on design, construction,
performance characteristics, and rehabilitation of concrete
structures; and on codes and standards for concrete. Prior to
retirement, he served as President and CEO of CTLGroup, an
engineering, testing, and research firm; Vice President of
Research and Technical Services for the Portland Cement
Association (PCA); and Executive Director of the Slag
Cement Association (SCA).
He is a Past President of ACI and an Honorary Member
and past Chair of the Board of ASTM International. In 2008,
Fiorato was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.
Fiorato received his BS in civil engineering from Drexel
Institute of Technology (now Drexel University), Philadelphia,
PA, and his MS and PhD in structural engineering from the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, in
1966, 1968, and 1971, respectively. He is a licensed structural
engineer in Illinois (inactive); and professional engineer in
Michigan, Ohio, and Arizona (inactive).
Luis E. Yamin is an Associate Professor in the Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Universidad de los
Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
  
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 31
 He is a member of the Colombian Association for Seismic
Engineering and the Earthquake Engineering Research
Institute. Yamin is an international consultant in disaster risk
management for the World Bank, the Interamerican
Development Bank, the United Nations, and governments in
Latin America and the Caribbean region.
His research interests include vulnerability assessment of
different types of building structures and infrastructure
components, and probabilistic hazard and risk assessment for
ACI Multi-User/
Multi-Site Solutions
From a single title, to a custom selection, to ACI’s full
collection, the American Concrete Institute partners with
leading distributors to provide access to the Institute’s
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CUSTOMIZABLE COLLECTION
MULTIPLE USERS | MULTIPLE LOCATIONS
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32 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
different types of natural events including earthquakes,
operational loads, wind, floods, and others.
Yamin received his BS in civil engineering from Universidad
de los Andes in 1982; his masters from Universidad de los
Andes and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, in 1984 and
1985, respectively; and his PhD in structural engineering from
Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain, in
2016. He is a licensed professional engineer in Colombia.
Juan F. Correal is an Associate
Professor in the Department of Civil and
Environmental at the Universidad de los
Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. He has been
working in the Center for Materials
Research and Civil Works (CIMOC) at
Universidad de los Andes as a Director
and Principal Investigator of different
projects in the public and private sector.
Correal is a member of ACI
Committee 374, Performance-Based
Seismic Design of Concrete Buildings,
and ACI Subcommittees 318-D,
Members; 318-L, International Liaison;
and 318-S, Spanish Translation. He is
also a member of the American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include the
seismic behavior of concrete structures
and the application of nonconventional
materials for design and construction.
Correal received his BS and MS in
civil engineering from the Universidad
de los Andes in 1998 and 1999,
respectively, and his PhD in civil
engineering from the University of
Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, in 2004. He
is a licensed professional engineer in
California.
Chester Paul Siess Award
for Excellence in Structural
Research
“for the experimental study of
concrete wall specimens with high-
strength bars subjected to shear and
biaxial stresses”
(“Influence of High-Strength Bars on
Shear Response of Containment Walls,”
ACI Structural Journal, September-
October 2016, pp. 917-927)
Giorgio Talotti Proestos is a Joint
PhD Candidate at the University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and at
the Istituto Universitario di Studi
Superiori di Pavia, Pavia, Italy. He is also
Correal Proestos Bae Cho Bentz Collins
a research collaborator with the European Centre for Training
and Research in Earthquake Engineering, Pavia, PV, Italy.
Proestos received the 2017 ACI Design Award for the
paper he co-authored, titled “The Challenge of Predicting the
Shear Strength of Very Thick Slabs,” published in the
November 2015 issue of Concrete International.
His research interests include the experimental assessment
of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams and shells
subjected to combined shears, moments, torsions, and axial
loads. He is also interested in developing simple analytical
tools capable of predicting the nonlinear response of
structures subjected to these complex loads.
Proestos received his BASc in engineering science and his
MASc in civil engineering from the University of Toronto in
2012 and 2014, respectively.
Gwang-Min Bae is an Assistant Manager in the Department
of Infra and Environment Engineering Group at Hyundai
Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd. (Hyundai E&C),
Seoul, Republic of Korea, since 2014.
His research interests include shear behavior of reinforced
concrete with high-strength concrete and reinforcing bars.
Bae received his BS and his MS in civil and environmental
engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic
of Korea, in 2011 and 2014, respectively.
Jae-Yeol Cho is a Professor in the Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at the Seoul National University,
Seoul, Republic of Korea.
He is a member of ACI Committee 349, Concrete Nuclear
Structures; Joint ACI-ASME Committee 359, Concrete
Containments for Nuclear Reactors; and ACI 349/359/370
Joint Committee Task Group. Cho is also a member of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include high-strength reinforcement
and tendons, and the use of steel fiber and fiber-reinforced
polymer as a structural material. Recently, as the Director of
Extreme Performance Testing Center at the Seoul National
University, his research interest expanded to the impact and
blast load.
Cho received his BS, MS, and PhD in civil engineering from
Seoul National University in 1993, 1995, and 2001, respectively.
Evan C. Bentz, FACI, is an Associate Professor in the
Department of Civil Engineering at the University of
Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. He is past Chair and a
member of ACI Committee 365, Service Life Prediction,
and a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445, Shear
and Torsion. Bentz is also an Associate Member of Canadian
Standards Association (CSA) Committee A23.3, the
Concrete Code Committee, and contributed to the shear
provisions of the fib Model Code 2010. He received the 2006
and 2017 ACI Design Award.
His research interests include the shear and torsional
behavior and design of reinforced and prestressed concrete. He
is also involved with fiber-reinforced concrete, including shear
testing on ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.
Bentz received his BASc in civil engineering from the
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, in 1994, and
his PhD from the University of Toronto in 2000. He is
registered with the professional engineers of Ontario.
ACI Honorary Member Michael P. Collins is University
Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, where he has
researched and taught structural engineering since 1969.
He is a member and past Chair of Joint ACI-ASCE
Committee 445, Shear and Torsion, and previously served on
the ACI Board of Direction; ACI Educational Activities
Committee; ACI Foundation Scholarship Council; and ACI
Committee 318, Structural Concrete Building Code.
Collins was awarded the 1976 Raymond C. Reese
Research Medal for the best ACI structural engineering
research paper, the 1991 ACI Wason Medal for Most
Meritorious Paper, the 1998 ACI Chester Paul Siess Award
for Excellence in Structural Research, and the 2006 and
2017 ACI Design Award. In addition, he received the 1994
ACI Joe W. Kelly Award for “outstanding contributions to
structural concrete”; was chosen as the 1997 ACI Phil M.
Ferguson Award Lecturer; received the 2004 ACI Foundation
Arthur J. Boase Award for his research on shear behavior;
and in 2012, was elected as an Honorary Member of ACI for
“his lifetime contributions as a researcher, teacher, and role
model to generations of students and for his leadership in the
development of the modified compression field theory for
the shear design of reinforced concrete members.”
His research interests include developing more simple
analytical tools that will enable engineers to evaluate the
vulnerability of existing concrete structures to shear failures
during extreme events such as earthquakes.
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 33
Siad Lachemi Şahmaran Hossain Buffenbarger Juenger
Collins received his BE(Hons) from the University of
Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1964 and his
PhD and DEng from the University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia, in 1968 and 2012, respectively. He is a
registered Professional Engineer in the Canadian provinces of
Ontario and New Brunswick.
Wason Medal for Materials Research
“for the proposed new supplementary preconditioning
procedure that can accelerate the degradation process of
concrete specimens when exposed to sulfate attack”
(“Preconditioning Method for Accelerated Testing of
Concrete under Sulfate Attack,” ACI Materials Journal,
July-August 2016, pp. 493-504)
Hocine Siad is a Research Associate in the Department of
Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada,
since September 2013. He has authored and co-authored 17
refereed journal articles and 10 conference publications.
His research interests include microstructure, durability,
and transfer properties of cementitious materials; sulfate and
acid attack; development of new test methods; use of waste,
recycled, and industrial by-products/volcanic materials in
sustainable applications; self-healing of engineered cementitious
composites; new geopolymer concretes; nanomaterial technology;
and the development of smart, multifunctional composites.
Siad received his BS and MS in civil engineering from
L’École Nationale Polytechnique d’Oran (ENPO) (formerly
l’École Nationale Supérieure d’Enseignement Technologique
[ENSET]), Essenia, Algeria, in 1999 and 2002, respectively,
and his PhD in civil engineering from L’Institut National
des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) de Rennes, Rennes,
France, in 2010.
Mohamed Lachemi was appointed President and Vice-
Chancellor of Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, in
April 2016, and has been a member of the Department of
Civil Engineering since 1998. He has been supervisor,
co-supervisor, or advisor to 65 graduate students, and has
served as external examiner, chair, or committee member for
more than 50 thesis examinations.
Lachemi is a member of ACI Committees 231, Properties
of Concrete at Early Ages, and 237, Self-Consolidating
Concrete. He previously served on ACI Committee 363,
High-Strength Concrete; and the Toronto ACI Convention
Organizing Committee.
34 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
He is a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering
(2011) and the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering (2010).
His research interests include high-performance concrete,
with more than 35 projects funded, including a current grant
from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
of Canada (NSERC) for Novel Green Concrete Components
for Modular Construction. He was awarded the Canada
Research Chair in Sustainable Construction (2002-2010) by
the prestigious national program promoting innovative
research with significant impact.
Lachemi received his bachelor’s degree in civil engineering
from the University of Science and Technology of Oran, Oran,
Algeria, in 1986, and his MS and PhD in structural
engineering from the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC,
Canada, in 1993 and 1998, respectively.
Mustafa Şahmaran is a Professor of Construction
Materials and Materials Science in Hacettepe University,
Ankara, Turkey. He is the Director of Advanced Building
Materials Laboratory.
Şahmaran is an affiliated member of the American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
He received the 2007 Province of Ontario Fellowship, the
2012 Turkish Academy of Sciences Distinguished Young
Scientist Award, and the 2014 Scientific and Technological
Research Council of Turkey’s Young Scientist Award.
His research interests include micromechanical design and
durability of high-performance and ultra-ductile cementitious
composites, recycling industrial and natural waste products
into useful construction materials, and nano-modification in
cementitious systems.
Şahmaran received his PhD from Middle East Technical
University, Ankara, Turkey, in 2006 before completing his
postdoctoral fellowship in 2007 at the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI.
Khandaker M. Anwar Hossain is a Professor in the
Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University,
Toronto, ON, Canada. He is a member of ACI Committees
213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete, and 232, Fly Ash
in Concrete.
His research interests include sustainable construction,
high-ultra high-performance/self-consolidating concrete, use of
wastes/volcanic materials/underused materials in blended cement
and concrete, ductile engineered concrete, smart self-healing
materials, innovative high-performance structural systems for
bridge/building applications, and finite element modeling.
Hossain received his BSc and MSc in civil engineering
from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
(BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1982 and 1990, respectively,
and his PhD in structural engineering from University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, in 1995.
Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished Service Award
“for outstanding leadership of Committee 130 – Sustainability
of Concrete”
Julie K. Buffenbarger, FACI, is a Senior Scientist and
Sustainability Principal for Beton Consulting Engineers,
Mendota Heights, MN.
She was honored with the rank of Fellow of ACI in 2011
and received the 2015 ACI Concrete Sustainability Award.
Buffenbarger is Chair of ACI Committee 130, Sustainability
of Concrete; Secretary of ACI Committees 132, Responsibility
in Concrete Construction; and 234, Silica Fume in Concrete;
and a member of ACI Committees 232, Fly Ash in Concrete;
and C601-E, Concrete Construction Sustainability Assessor.
She has served as the Co-Moderator for the Sustainability
Forum since 2010. Buffenbarger is a past member of ACI
Committee 301, Specifications for Structural Concrete; and
ACI Subcommittees 301-F, Architectural Concrete – Section 6;
301-L, Tilt-Up Construction – Section 12; the Board Advisory
Committee on Sustainable Development; the Publications
Committee; the Awards Committee for Wason Medal for
Material Research and Wason Medal for Most Meritorious
Paper; and has served twice on the Committee on Nominations.
In addition, Buffenbarger has served as an ACI Mentor.
She has authored over 65 publications on cementitious
materials, concrete sustainability, durability and resilience,
and concrete admixtures in concrete. Buffenbarger was also
Co-Editor of ACI SP-269, Concrete: The Sustainable Material
Choice, in 2010.
She has collaborated with other U.S. and international
sustainability groups. Her proficient knowledge of multiple
building and infrastructure sustainable rating systems has been
instrumental in advocating use of concrete products in the
buildings, roads, and energy construction segments.
Her research interests include cementitious materials,
durability and transport properties of concrete, life cycle
modeling, and application of sustainable and resilient
practices with concrete and cementitious materials.
Buffenbarger received her BS in chemistry and MS in
synthetic organic chemistry from Bowling Green State
University, Bowling Green, OH, in 1987 and 1993,
respectively. She is also an accredited LEED™ AP Building
Design and Construction professional.
“for outstanding leadership of Committee 236 – Material
Science of Concrete”
Maria Juenger, FACI, is a Professor in the Department of
Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering at The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, where she has been
since 2002.
She received the 2009 ACI Walter P. Moore, Jr. Faculty
Achievement Award, 2010 Young Member Award for
Professional Achievement, 2011 Wason Medal for Materials
Research, and became a Fellow of ACI in 2015. Juenger is
past Chair of ACI Committee 236, Material Science of
Concrete. She serves on the ACI Materials Journal Editorial
Board and is a member of ACI Committees 231, Properties
of Concrete at Early Ages; 240, Pozzolans; and ACI
Subcommittees 130-A, Materials; and 318-A, General,
Concrete, and Construction. She previously served on the
ACI Membership Committee and Publications Committee.
Juenger is also a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society
(ACS), where she serves as the Trustee of the Cements
Division, and is active in RILEM and ASTM International
technical committees.
Juenger’s work investigates chemical issues in cement-
based materials including phase formation in cement
clinkering, hydration of portland cement and related systems,
and chemical deterioration processes in concrete. Current
research efforts emphasize the interaction of cement-based
materials and the environment. This work encompasses the
development and characterization of alternative cements and
supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with lower
carbon dioxide and energy footprints, as well as the capacity
of cementitious materials to produce or remove air- and water-
borne pollutants.
Juenger received her BS in chemistry from Duke
University, Durham, NC, and her PhD in materials science
and engineering from Northwestern University, Evanston, IL,
in 1994 and 1999, respectively.
“for outstanding leadership of Committee 423 – Prestressed
Concrete”
Carin Roberts-Wollmann, FACI, is a Professor in the
Via Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at
Virginia Tech (VT), Blacksburg, VA. She has served over 18
years at VT, and prior to that worked 10 years in the design
and construction of complex bridges.
She is the current Chair and past Secretary of Joint ACI-
ASCE Committee 423, Prestressed Concrete, and is a member
of ACI Committees 239, Ultra-High-Performance Concrete;
and 318, Structural Concrete Building Code. She is also a
Fellow of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI).
Her research interests include the application of new
materials and systems to enhance the performance and
durability of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures.
She has investigated ultra-high and very-high-performance
concrete for connections in precast structures, fiber-reinforced
polymers and fabric-reinforced cementitious mortar for repair
of impact damaged bridge beams, and a new inverted t-beam
system for short- to medium-span bridges in Virginia.
Roberts-Wollmann received her BS in civil engineering
from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, in 1984,
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 35
and her MS and PhD in civil engineering from The University
of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, in 1990 and 1993, respectively.
She is a licensed professional engineer in North Carolina.
“for outstanding leadership of Committee 201 – Durability
of Concrete”
Thomas Van Dam, FACI, is a Principal with Nichols
Consulting Engineers, working out of the firm’s Reno, NV,
office. He has over 30 years of civil engineering experience in
construction materials and pavement engineering. Van Dam is
Chair of ACI Committee 201, Durability of Concrete; and
325 TG1, Task Group on Thin Concrete Pavements; and is a
member of ACI Committees 232, Fly Ash in Concrete; 240,
Pozzolans; and 325, Concrete Pavements. He also is an
associate member of ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of
Concrete, and previously served on ACI Committees S803,
Faculty Network Coordinating Committee; the Construction
Award Committee; the Wason Materials Research Award
Committee; and the Committee on Nominations. Van Dam
became a Fellow of ACI in 2010.
His areas of interest include concrete materials, durability,
forensics, and sustainability as well as pavement design,
evaluation, and rehabilitation. He has authored more than 90
publications and has given over 100 presentations on
pavements, concrete materials, and sustainability. An active
researcher, Van Dam has led projects for agencies,
foundations, departments of transportations, and private
entities. Formerly, as a tenured faculty member at Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, MI, he directed the
USDOT-funded University Transportation Center for
Materials in Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure and the
Michigan DOT Transportation Materials Research Center.
Van Dam received his BS, MS, and PhD in civil engineering
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana,
IL, in 1984, 1986, and 1995, respectively. He is a licensed
professional engineer in Nevada, Illinois, Michigan, and
North Carolina, and a LEED Accredited Professional. Van
Dam is also a member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE).
Chapter Activities Award
“for outstanding vision, passion, leadership, and
dedication to the Mid-South Chapter – ACI”
Tim Cost, FACI, is a semi-retired Consultant with over
41 years of professional experience relating to concrete
materials and applications. He retired in 2017 from his most
recent position as Senior Technical Service Engineer for
LafargeHolcim. During his career, he has held positions in
technical services, industry advocacy, association management,
and research for LafargeHolcim, the Mississippi Concrete
Industries Association, the Portland Cement Association
(PCA), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways
Experiment Station.
Cost is active in various professional organizations and
industry trade associations, including ASTM International.
36 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
He is past Chair of ACI Committee 330, Concrete Parking
Lots and Site Paving, and is a member of ACI Committees
211, Proportioning Concrete Mixtures; 230, Soil Cement;
231, Properties of Concrete at Early Ages; 302, Construction
of Concrete Floors; 325, Concrete Pavements; and 360,
Design of Slabs on Ground. Cost was a recipient of the 2010
ACI Delmar L. Bloem Distinguished Service Award. He has
served as an officer of ASTM Committees C01, Cement, and
C09, Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, and as Chair of
ASTM Subcommittee C01/09.48, Performance of
Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations. Cost
received the 2014 Mississippi Concrete Industries
Association’s Lifetime Achievement Award. He has been a
speaker or instructor for ACI, CONEXPO/Con-Agg, World
of Concrete, and many regional or local professional and
industry organizations.
He has authored or co-authored numerous technical papers
and articles about portland-limestone cements, thermal test
methods for materials and mixture evaluation, concrete
properties and mixture design optimization, concrete
pavements, and soil stabilization.
Cost received his BS and graduate studies in civil
engineering from Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS.
He is a licensed professional engineer in Mississippi.
“for selfless devotion to the Florida First Coast Chapter – ACI”
John E. Ellis II is the Owner, President, and Chief
Engineer of Legacy Engineering, Inc., Jacksonville, FL. He is
also the owner of Old South Drilling Company and Ellis
Engineering, Inc., also located in Jacksonville. Ellis has
served 38 years in his current profession, and he has served
13 years as the owner of Legacy Engineering.
A member of ACI since 1981, he has served as an
instructor, examiner, and proctor for ACI certification
programs since the early 1980s. He has also served as a
Florida First Coast Chapter – ACI Board member in every
capacity for more than 30 years. Ellis helps organize the
Florida First Coast Chapter – ACI Awards annually,
constructing over 40 awards each year out of concrete.
His recent research included a study on durable concrete
and surface resistivity testing, which was performed in
conjunction with the Florida Department of Transportation
State Materials Office. He has also performed research on
mass concrete and in-place temperature monitoring, crushed
concrete base materials, high-strength flexural concrete, fiber-
reinforced flexural concrete, econocrete base materials, roller-
compacted concrete, latex modified concretes, as well as
many other topics. Ellis provides concrete mixture designs for
the majority of the concrete pavement and specialty concrete
projects done in the area.
He is also a member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers (ASCE) and ASTM International.
Ellis received his BS in civil engineering from the
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, in 1986. He is a
licensed professional engineer in Florida.
Roberts-Wollmann Van Dam Cost Ellis Gaytan-Covarrubias Lyons

“for leadership, dedication, and tireless efforts to advance
the Northwest Mexico Chapter – ACI”
Arturo Gaytan-Covarrubias, FACI, has been the
Certification and Sustainability Manager at CEMEX México,
Mexico City, Mexico, for 14 years. He is also Treasurer of the
Mexican Ready-Mix Concrete Association, Liaison Director
of the Northwest Mexico Chapter – ACI, Past President of the
Central and Southern Mexico Chapter – ACI, and Founder
and President of the Mexican Institute for Sustainable Concrete.
Gaytan-Covarrubias is member of the ACI Educational
Activities Committee, International Certification Committee,
Personal Awards Committee, and a member of ACI
Committees 121, Quality Assurance Systems for Concrete;
and 130, Sustainability of Concrete; and ACI Subcommittee
130-D, Rating Systems/Sustainability Tools. He received the
2012 ACI Young Member Award for Professional
Achievement and the 2011 International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) Young Professional Award. He is also a
member of ASTM International.
Gaytan-Covarrubias received his BS in civil engineering
from National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM),
Mexico City, Mexico, in 2002 and his ME in quality and
productivity from Monterrey Technology Institute, Monterrey,
Mexico, in 2009
Dinner Chair, 1998-2012; the Awards Chair, 2009-2012; and
as a dinner chair/emcee for the Concrete Industry Board
Leader of Industry Dinner in 1999, 2015, and 2017. He was
also the Awards Dinner Chair 2015-2017 for the National
Capital Chapter – ACI. He was the recipient of the 2009 CIB
Past President Award.
Lyons has over 33 years of experience in the concrete
construction industry, serving as an engineering representative
for a large admixture company, a technical representative for a
fly ash marketing company, an engineering representative for
a national ready mixed company, and the Executive Director
for the Concrete Industry Board of New York.
Lyons received his bachelor’s degree of business
administration in marketing from Iona College, New
Rochelle, NY, in 1981.

“for dedication to the advancement of the goals of the CIB

of NYC Chapter – ACI through continued and ongoing activities”
William J. Lyons III, FACI, is the National Development Career
Manager for the Northeast Region for The Euclid Chemical
Company since 2012 and is based out of its regional office in
East Brunswick, NJ.
Center
He became a Fellow of ACI in 2007. Lyons is Chair of
ACI Committee 306, Cold Weather Concreting, and is a
member of ACI Committees 207, Mass and Thermally
Controlled Concrete; 232, Fly Ash in Concrete; and the Hot Hiring the right people for the
Topic Committee. He served as a member of the ACI right jobs has never been easier.
Marketing Committee and Chapter Activities Committee and
is past Chair of the Convention Committee. He was a Co-Chair Find the right candidate. Save money. Save
of the 2005 Spring ACI Convention in New York City, NY. time. The ACI Career Center is the right
Lyons has served as President of the National Capital solution for your hiring needs.
Chapter – ACI, 2016; New Jersey Chapter – ACI, 2005-2006;
and the Concrete Industry Board, New York City Chapter – Follow @ACICareerCenter to learn more.
ACI, 2007-2008. He has also served as the Vice President of
the Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter – ACI, 1993.
Lyons served as the Concrete Industry Board Awards
www.concrete.org/careercenter
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 37

Lovell Paulson Weiss reinforcement for concrete, anchorage, development, and
Walter P. Moore, Jr. Faculty Achievement
Award
“for demonstrated creativity and innovation in the classroom
that enhance the learning of students and faculty alike”
Matthew D. Lovell is an Associate Professor in the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rose-
Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, where he
has served as an Engineering Faculty Member for over 6 years.
He has over 12 publications and presentations on pedagogical
innovations. Lovell also serves as the Director for Making
Academic Change Happen (MACH), a program focused on
helping change leaders develop the skills needed to implement
changes on their campuses.
He is a member of ACI Committee S802, Teaching
Methods and Educational Materials; and Joint ACI-ASCE
Committee 343, Concrete Bridge Design. Lovell has authored
a chapter for the revised “Analysis and Design of Reinforced
Concrete Bridge Structures” from ACI Committee 343. He has
presented at ACI conventions. Lovell volunteered for the new
Member Development Position for the ACI Student and Young
Professional Activities Committee (SYPAC). He is also a
member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include entrepreneurial-minded
learning, experiential learning, academic change, integral
abutment bridges, and reinforced concrete structures.
Lovell received his BS in civil engineering from Rose-
Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, in 2006; and
his MS and PhD in civil engineering from Purdue University,
West Lafayette, IN, in 2008 and 2010, respectively. He is a
licensed professional engineer in Indiana.
ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council
Arthur J. Boase Award
“for exceptional work leading to the development and
acceptance of high-strength reinforcing steel for concrete
construction and its adoption into Codes and Standards”
Conrad Paulson, FACI, is a Principal in Structural
Engineering at Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. (WJE),
where he has been employed for the past 35 years. He
currently works at WJE’s Pasadena, CA, office, and
previously was located at the firm’s Chicago, IL, and
Northbrook, IL, offices. Paulson has authored or co-authored
several dozen technical reports and papers.
He is a past Chair of ACI Committees 215, Fatigue of
Concrete; 439, Steel Reinforcement; and is a member of ACI
38 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Committees 369, Seismic Repair and Rehabilitation; and 439,
Steel Reinforcement; and ACI Subcommittees 318-B,
Anchorage and Reinforcement; 318-R, High Strength
Reinforcement; and 369-A, General Provisions. Paulson is a
consulting member to several ACI committees. He was
elected a Fellow of ACI in 2005, and is a member of the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
His research interests include properties of steel
mechanical splicing of deformed bar reinforcement, elastic
and inelastic fatigue of reinforcement, and historical structural
systems, with a focus on historical ferrous metals and
structural clay tile arches. His earliest involvement in research
related to reinforced concrete structures was when he was a
summer intern at the structural engineering laboratory at the
Portland Cement Association (PCA) more than 40 years ago.
Paulson received his BS in civil engineering from the
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, in 1979, and his
MS in engineering from The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, TX, in 1982. He is a licensed professional engineer or
structural engineer in several states.
ACI Foundation Concrete Research Council
Robert E. Philleo Award
“for outstanding contributions to the advancement of
concrete technology through student advising, exemplary
service to the profession, and innovative research on
shrinkage reducing admixtures, internal curing, material
transport characterization with the formation factor, freeze-
thaw modeling, and deicing salt damage”
Jason Weiss, FACI, is the Miles Lowell and Margaret Watt
Edwards Distinguished Chair in Engineering, Head of Civil
and Construction Engineering, and the Director of the Kiewit
Center for Infrastructure and Transportation Research at
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. He has also authored
or co-authored over 375 technical papers with more than 190
refereed journal publications.
Weiss is the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of the ACI Materials
Journal Editorial Board. He is Chair of ACI Committee 231,
Properties of Concrete at Early Ages and is a member of ACI
Committee 213, Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete; and
ACI Subcommittee 318-A, General, Concrete, and
Construction. Weiss previously served on the ACI Committee
on Nominations and Committees 123, Research and Current
Developments; 201, Durability of Concrete; 209, Creep and
Shrinkage in Concrete; 365, Service Life Prediction; 522,
Pervious Concrete; and Joint ACI-ASCE 446, Fracture
Mechanics of Concrete. He received the 2004 ACI Walter P.
Moore, Jr. Faculty Achievement Award and the 2009 and 2014
Wason Medal for Materials Research. He is also a member of
the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), ASTM
International, and the International Union of Laboratories and
Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures
(RILEM).
His research group has performed research in the areas of
shrinkage and shrinkage cracking mitigation, the ring and dual His research interests include the
ring test, electrical resistivity and the formation factor, use of protection, repair, rehabilitation, and
internally cured concrete, reducing freezing-and-thawing and replacement of concrete structures.
deicing salt damage, and concrete pavement durability. Sprinkel received his BS and ME in
Weiss received his BAE in architectural engineering from civil engineering from the University
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, in of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, in
1995, and his MS and PhD in civil engineering from 1972 and 1975, respectively. He is a
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, in 1997 and 1999, licensed professional engineer in
respectively. Sprinkel Virginia.

ACI Foundation Strategic

Development Council Jean-
Claude Roumain Innovation
in Concrete Award
“in recognition of significant
How to Become
research and implementation of
innovative technologies in concrete
materials, particularly the development
of epoxy and polymer overlays for
ACI CERTIFIED
bridge deck protection and other
construction innovations that have
enhanced the concrete restoration and
repair industry”
Michael M. Sprinkel, FACI, is
Associate Director at the Virginia
Transportation Research Council,
Charlottesville, VA, where he has served
in various research and management
positions since 1972. He has published
more than 180 papers and reports.
Sprinkel is Chair of ACI
Subcommittee 546-D, Packaged Repair If you’re a craftsman, technician, or inspector, earning an
Materials, and is past Chair of ACI ACI Certification provides you with the credentials to build the best
Committees 345, Concrete Bridge concrete structures in the world. If you’re a specifier or owner, you
Construction, Maintenance, and Repair;
know many codes require ACI-certified personnel on the jobsite.
and 503, Adhesives. He is a member of
ACI Committees 345; 546, Repair of Visit concrete.org/certification.
Concrete; 548, Polymers and Adhesives
for Concrete; and 563, Specifications for
Repair of Structural Concrete in
Buildings. Sprinkel is past Chair of the
Construction Standards Committee, and
 
previously served on the Technical TESTING/TRAINING PROMETRIC CCRL TOURS
Activities Committee and Board of CENTER TESTING CENTERS Performance exams can
Directors. He is a member of the ACI Located across the globe, Set your date and time be administered at the
Foundation Concrete Research Council. ACI has partnered with for convenience when same time the CCRL is
Sprinkel received the 2012 ACI these groups to administer taking written exams evaluating your lab
Foundation Robert E. Philleo Award. He written and performance
is a Fellow of the American Society of exams throughout the year
Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the Post-
Tensioning Institute (PTI). He is
Member Emeritus of TRB Committees
AFN20, Concrete Properties; and
AHD40, Polymer Concretes, Adhesives
and Sealers.

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 39

Reinforced Concrete
Antenna Pedestal
Evaluation of concrete consolidation using nondestructive testing and
statistical analysis

by Benjamin P. Saldua, Ethan C. Dodge, Peter R. Kolf, and Carlton A. Olson

40 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

T
he Deep Space Network (DSN) is a National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) entity
managed, technically directed, and operated by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of
Technology (Caltech). Designed to maintain communications
with spacecraft, the DSN consists of three facilities spaced
equidistant from each other—about 120 degrees apart in
longitude—around the world. These sites are near Barstow,
CA; Madrid, Spain; and Canberra, Australia.
An antenna pedestal recently constructed at the Canberra
Deep Space Communications Complex is the subject of this
article. The pedestal is a cylindrical structure with a
suspended roof slab. After the formwork had been removed,
evidence of poor concrete consolidation was visible in the
slab soffit. The general contractor contracted with several
local testing firms to identify other deficiencies. These firms
deployed ground penetrating radar (GPR) and ultrasonic
pulse velocity (UPV) test methods, and they removed and
tested concrete cores. However, they could find no
correlation between the results of the core tests and the
observations made using nondestructive test methods. Due to
the inconsistency of the results, JPL decided to conduct its
own investigation. CTLGroup, Skokie, IL, was contracted to
conduct the investigation using alternative nondestructive
test methods.
Antenna Pedestal
The subject structure is a circular reinforced concrete
pedestal with one level below grade and a roof slab at
approximately grade elevation. The pedestal contains an outer
track wall with an inner radius of 9365 mm (31 ft), a width of
900 mm (35 in.), and a height of about 360 mm (14 in.) above
the roof slab. The pintle wall at the center of the roof structure
has an inner diameter of 2743 mm (9 ft), a width of 600 mm
(24 in.), and a height of 790 mm (31 in.). The roof slab of the
structure is 600 mm thick at the perimeter track and thickens
Fig. 1: Concrete placement of the antenna roof slab. Note that the
concrete vibrator is not being applied near either delivery point
toward the pintle to provide a 1% drainage slope. The roof
slab is reinforced with radial and circumferential reinforcing.
The contractor reported that concrete placement of the roof
slab and outer track wall began by filling the outer track forms
and adjacent main roof slab to near the roof slab final
elevation. Placement then continued from the center outward,
in wedge-shaped sections (Fig. 1). After the concrete in the
outer track had stiffened enough to be filled above the main
slab elevation, the final layer was placed and the lifts vibrated
together. Experience has shown that the most likely problem
areas would be the lift line between outer perimeter lifts and
below the lap splices of the upper and lower reinforcing mats
in the roof slab. This was at least partially confirmed by
reports that the slab soffit had exhibited zones of poor
concrete consolidation at the lower mat lap splices. These
locations had been chipped to sound concrete by the time our
investigation commenced.
Project
The scope of work included evaluation of concrete
consolidation, development of a conceptual repair design, and
observation of repairs during execution. This article discusses
the application of nondestructive testing to identify areas with
concrete deficiencies, including a statistically based analysis
for interpretation of the data. This article also discusses the
repair procedures that were developed based on the
nondestructive test results, the observed concrete deficiency
types, and the structural requirements.
Test program
An orthogonal grid spacing of 300 mm (12 in.) was used to
investigate the topside and underside of the roof slab (Fig. 2).
Some locations with soffit voids were superimposed onto the
top surface using blue paint. About 7000 impulse-response
(IR) tests, according to ASTM C1740,1 were conducted on the
top surface and most of the soffit.
Fig. 2: Test grid marked on roof slab topside (blue lines outline
underside concrete removal areas)
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 41
 The IR test method uses a low-strain impact from a 1 kg
(2.2 lb) hammer with a built-in load cell to excite the
structure. The maximum compressive stress at the impact
point in the concrete is directly related to the elastic properties
of the hammer tip. The response to the impact stress is
normally measured by a velocity transducer (geophone). The
geophone velocity spectrum is divided by the force spectrum
to obtain a transfer function, referred to as the mobility of the
element under test.
Based on the IR test results and visual observations,
locations were selected for the application of the ultrasonic
shear-wave tomography (UST) testing technique (commonly
known as “MIRA”). MIRA is a phased array system applicable
for nondestructive concrete testing using low-frequency
ultrasonic waves (20 to 100 kHz) and advanced methods of
signal processing. This system represents one of the most
advanced techniques currently available in diagnosing defects
in concrete. This equipment is used to image the internal
condition of a concrete structure using pulse-echo technique,
conducted from one side of the test element. It detects
presence of internal defects such as cracks and voids, and it
evaluates their approximate depths and extents.
Data collection
Contour maps displaying the average mobility values were
generated from the IR data. Combined with MIRA test results,
Fig. 3: Topside impulse response (IR) average mobility results and
core locations/condition
42 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
visual observations, and hammer sounding, these maps were
used to select areas for concrete coring and investigative
concrete removal.
GPR was used to lay out the locations of reinforcing bars
prior to coring. GPR uses high-frequency electromagnetic
energy, typically 900 to 2600 MHz, for rapidly and
continuously assessing a variety of characteristics of the
subsurface being tested. A single contacting transducer
(antenna) is used for transmitting and receiving radar signals.
High frequency, short pulse electromagnetic energy is
transmitted into the tested medium (usually concrete or soil);
each transmitted pulse travels through the element being
tested and is partially reflected when it encounters a change in
dielectric constant. The dielectric constant will change when
the material type changes—for example, at a void or
reinforcing steel.
Because IR is a relative test method that measures the
response of a structure to a known force input, measured
changes in structural response are evaluated by performing
statistical analyses, additional testing such as impact-echo (IE)
testing or MIRA, and by destructively opening areas and/or
removing core samples for visual inspection. A total of 17
concrete cores were removed to confirm the IR test results and
to support the visual observations. IR average mobility test
results for the top surface combined with core locations that
are color coded for observed conditions are shown in Fig. 3.
The four quadrants have been combined to show the test
results for the entire roof slab.
IR data analysis
For the data analysis, the roof slab was divided into four
separate designated quadrants (Q1 through Q4), shown in Fig. 3.
Given that the computed IR average mobility values from
each quadrant were statistically similar, it was decided to
perform the analysis on the ensemble of the combined data
set. The basic assumption used to interpret the IR data is that
portions of the structure do not contain defects or changes in
structural condition. It is the sound uniform portion of the
structure that is used to establish the expected structural
response and appropriate standard deviations. Experience has
shown that, typically, sufficient sound areas are present to
perform this analysis even when significant defective regions
are also present. Application of the statistical analysis
method to average mobility values outlines the following
general guidelines for comparison with the expected
structural response2:
•• Average mobility values within 2 standard deviations of
the mean indicate no significant changes in concrete
condition;
•• Average mobility values between 2 and 4 standard
deviations of the mean are indicative of material changes
such as lower strength, increased entrapped air voids,
surface deterioration, or other minor localized defects; and
•• Average mobility values greater than 4 standard deviations
from the mean indicate significant concrete deficiencies.
 The expected structural response (average of all areas
without significant defects) used was an IR mobility value of
0.275 with a standard deviation of 0.05. These values were
obtained from Q4, which had very few defects, and were
roughly consistent with values from the overall data after
high values were removed (that is, data with mobility values
less than 0.425 or approximately 3 standard deviations
from the mean). Approximately 95% of the values were
within 2 standard deviations, 4% were between 2 and 4
standard deviations, and 1% were greater than 4 standard
deviations from the mean. The IR results showed widespread
low magnitude variation without visible signs of surface
deterioration, indicating that subtle defects and material
variations were probable.
For this project, significant voids produced average
mobility values greater than 0.475. The value of 0.475
corresponds to about 4 standard deviations from the average
response which, in our experience, is commonly associated
with significant defects in similar structures. All cores
removed in or adjacent to areas with mobility greater than
0.475 revealed significant defects (CTL-1, CTL-2, CTL-3,
CTL-5, and CTL-9). All cores removed in or adjacent to areas Fig. 4: MIRA data showing a void below the upper reinforcing steel
with mobility greater than 0.425, but less than 0.475, revealed near the location of core CTL-2
signs of concrete irregularities (CTL-6, CTL-11, and Core 6).
All cores removed in or adjacent to areas with mobility values
within 2 standard deviations of the mean exhibited only
minor irregularities.

MIRA test results

A significant void below the top reinforcing steel was
distinguishable from the MIRA test results (Fig. 4) at the
location of core CTL-2. However, in areas with material
variations such as an increase in entrapped air pockets or the
cold joint at the location of core CTL-3, significant defects
could not be readily distinguished by MIRA.

Repairs
Results of nondestructive testing and material sampling
revealed that significant defects could be identified reliably (a)
and that the pedestal structure could be effectively repaired to
ensure structural integrity and long-term durability.
The repair program consisted generally of the following:
•• Soffit—As expected, and as demonstrated by the IR test
results, significant defects on the slab underside were
primarily limited to the lap splice zones under the lower
reinforcing mat. Shotcrete was selected as the repair
material for the soffit repairs. Due to the presence of large
diameter bars and laps, cavity areas above reinforcing steel
were filled with trowel-grade mortar prior to shotcrete
application. The preparation, cavity filling, and final
shotcrete repair are shown in Fig. 5;
•• Perimeter Track—Presence of significant reinforcing in
(b)
perimeter track walls precluded the use of nondestructive
testing techniques. Therefore, a combination of visual Fig. 5: Shotcrete soffit repair: (a) prepared soffit cavity and mortar
inspection and careful exploratory concrete removal was packed above reinforcing steel; and (b) completed shotcrete repair

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 43


(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 6: Top surface repair area: (a) initial chipping of marked repair area; (b) completed
chipping and inspection: and (c) completed repair
used to identify areas of concrete for removal and
replacement. Voids encountered were generally associated
with areas of laps in reinforcing bars. In addition to the
••
repairs stemming from concrete placement delays, a poor
bond between the wall placement and the roof slab
placement was observed in localized areas; these areas
were selected for epoxy injection repairs; and
•• Top surface—Concrete repairs of the top surface were
“remove and replace” operations. The repair extents and
completed repair of the relatively large voided area
identified at core location (CTL-2) can be seen in Fig. 6.
The protocols for top surface repairs were primarily based
off the IR test results:
••A significant void or defect was presumed to exist at any The research was carried out on site and at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
location where the IR mobility test result was 0.475 or
higher. These locations were marked for concrete
repairs. Repair excavations were expanded as necessary
to remove any defective concrete;
••Where multiple adjacent IR test points indicated
mobility values between 0.425 and 0.475, or single such of Concrete Plates Using the Impulse-Response Method,” ASTM
IR points existed within regions with mobility values
greater than 0.375 or adjacent to regions of known
defects, coring was recommended to further define
potential defects;
••Where isolated IR test points with mobility values
between 0.425 and 0.475 occurred adjacent to regions
with mobility values less than 0.375, any potential
44 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
defect was considered isolated and not
in need of further investigation; and
•• No significant defect was presumed to
be present where mobility values were
less than 0.425.
Conclusions
Based on the information gathered during
this project, the following conclusions can
be made:
•• Overall, it was determined that a
combination of hot weather, equipment
breakdown, low slump concrete mixture,
and poor workmanship resulted in the
concrete consolidation deficiencies;
•• Nondestructive test methods can be used
to evaluate and help identify and
effectively repair poor concrete
consolidation imperfections like those
identified on this project;
•• Such nondestructive testing and
verification programs can be cost
effective. The initial condition evaluation
was completed in 4 days on the site;
•• Graphical presentation of comprehensive
test results and concrete core verification
information allows nontechnical personnel
to review the information and boosts their
level of confidence in the nondestructive test methods; and
IR statistical evaluation guidelines are effective for
characterizing concrete conditions.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank and acknowledge Tony Ross and David
True (CDSCC), Asim Sehic (JPL), and David Drengenberg (CTLGroup)
for their support on the nondestructive testing and actual repair. Special
thanks to Neil Bucknam, John Cucchissi, Mark Gatti, Andre Jongeling,
Hal Ahlstrom, and Peter Hames (JPL) for their managerial decisions
and support.
Disclaimer
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
References
1. ASTM C1740, “Standard Practice for Evaluating the Condition
International, West Conshohocken, PA.
2. Dodge, E.C., and Villalobos Chapa, S., “Impulse Response Data
Analyzed for Repeatability and Numerical Magnitudes,” International
Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDT-CE
2015), Sep. 2015, Berlin, Germany, 11 pp.
Selected for reader interest by the editors.
 Benjamin P. Saldua is an Antenna
Structural Cognizant Development
Engineer with over 35 years of
experience with Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, CA. He received
his MEng degree (structural) from the
California State Polytechnic University-
Pomona and is a licensed professional
engineer in California.
professional engineer in several states.
ACI member Ethan C. Dodge is a
Senior Engineer with CTLGroup, Skokie,
IL, where he directs the application
of nondestructive testing methods
to structural evaluation projects.
Throughout his 18-year career, he has
provided innovative and state of the art
testing methods to prominent projects
throughout the United States and the
world. He is a member of ACI Committee 228, Nondestructive
Testing of Concrete, and ASTM International. Dodge is a licensed
professional engineer in Illinois and New Hampshire.
Global
Online
Learning
Resource
www.ACIUniversity.com
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018
ACI member Peter R. Kolf is a Principal
Structural Engineer with CTLGroup. He has
30 years of experience in the evaluation
and repair of existing structures. He is a
member of the International Concrete
Repair Institute (ICRI), where he serves on
the ICRI Technical Activities Committee and
ICRI Committees 210, Evaluation, and 320,
Concrete Repair Materials and Methods.
Kolf is a licensed structural and
ACI member Carlton A. Olson is a
Principal and Manager with CTLGroup with
over 30 years of experience in condition
assessment, evaluation, and investigation
of existing structures. He is a member of
ACI Committee 364, Rehabilitation, and
ICRI.
• Certificate programs and
online webinars.
• Hundreds of on-demand
courses available 24/7.
• Topics include concrete
materials, design,
construction, and MORE.
45
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2017 ICRI Project Awards
Alcatraz Quartermaster Building Restoration Project wins Project of the Year

T
he 2017 International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI) Through the years, the hostile marine environment of the
Project Awards were presented at the ICRI Fall San Francisco Bay took a significant toll on the warehouse.
Convention in New Orleans, LA, on November 16, 2017. The walls had large areas with surface spalls, crumbling
The ICRI awards program recognizes outstanding projects in concrete substrate, and heavily corroded exposed reinforcing
the concrete repair industry. A full description of the awards, bars, so repairs were needed to preserve the historic structure.
including the merit awards, can be found in the November/ Assessments also showed that the building’s systems were
December 2017 issue of the Concrete Repair Bulletin or at inadequate under current seismic and structural code, so
www.icri.org. strengthening was needed.
Concrete repair systems were evaluated based on their
2017 Project of the Year, Historic compatibility with the existing historic concrete and finish
Alcatraz Quartermaster Building Restoration Project, system and the severity of damage. Repair materials included
San Francisco, CA shotcrete, repair mortars, bonding agents, and a series of
Alcatraz Island has a rich history. A military prison was protective finish coatings.
constructed there in 1909, and the facility became a During demolition of the deteriorated concrete and parge
maximum-security federal prison in the early 1930s. In 1963, coat, it was discovered that the building’s four stories had
Alcatraz Prison was classified as surplus government property, been placed in separate lifts and were not structurally
and the unused facilities were placed under the stewardship of connected to each other. The discovery of these cold joints
the General Services Administration. To raise awareness to required the modification of repair details, including the
their cause, a small group of Native Americans occupied the
island in March 1964. Another group of Native Americans
occupied the island from November 1969 to June 1971. They
cited the nineteenth-century Treaty of Laramie, which
stipulated that unused Federal lands could be returned to
Native Americans, and they offered $24 in exchange for
Alcatraz Island. To promote their solidarity, the occupiers
painted political statements onto building walls, signs, and
water towers. In 1972, the island and prison became part of
the Golden Gate National Recreation Area administered by
the National Park Service (NPS). In 1986, Alcatraz Island
became a National Historic Landmark District, with the
Quartermaster Warehouse identified as a contributing feature.
The Quartermaster Warehouse was constructed by the U.S.
Army in 1921, and is now used as a storage, office, and
workshop facility. It is primarily a reinforced concrete
structure. The exterior comprises board-formed walls with a
cement mortar parge coat. With the exception of the wooden
mezzanine and columns above the second floor, the columns
and floors are also reinforced concrete. Quartermaster Warehouse on Alcatraz island

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 47


Harvard Towers Parking Garage
addition of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement at
each horizontal joint. The FRP was ultimately concealed
behind the new parge coat, thus preserving the appearance of
the historic façade.
FRP was applied on the walking surfaces of elevated
concrete floor decks to function as structural chord and
collector elements carrying seismic lateral forces. The FRP
was concealed by feathering leveling compound into the
surrounding floor area. Seismic strengthening also included an
FRP band at the top perimeter of the exterior wall.
The building’s site and history posed special challenges.
Alcatraz Island lacks a permanent water connection. Also, the
east side of the building is located next to a steep slope that is
a nesting area for birds, so the NPS limited construction to
avoid disturbing the birds during the breeding season.
Further, the NPS maintains an agreement to consult a
council of Native Americans when rehabilitation could impact
the painted political statements applied during the 1969 to 1971
occupation of the island. The Quartermaster Warehouse has
several of the political statements. These include the words
“Indian Land” written in yellow paint on the east elevation, on
a concrete substrate that was deteriorated and needed to be
repaired. It was decided to restore the painting after repair of
the exterior wall surface. The political statement was recorded
with a full-size tracing of the lettering, created with the
support of a decorative painter. The tracing was transferred to
the wall surface by the contractor after repairs were
completed, and representatives from various tribes completed
the painting in March 2016. The political statement is now
more visible and rests on a stable, repaired concrete substrate.
Project credits: Sika Corporation, Submitter and Materials
Supplier/Manufacturer; U.S. Department of the Interior,
National Park Service, and Golden Gate National Parks
Conservancy, Owners; AECOM, Project Engineer/Designer;
and SST Pullman Services and The Structural Group, Repair
Contractors.
48 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Project of the Year Finalist
Parking Structures
Harvard Towers Parking Garage Concrete Repair and
Dampproofing, Cambridge, MA
The Harvard Towers Parking Garage is a cast-in-place
(CIP) concrete structure with two underground levels and
upper plaza deck. Built around 1962, the structure has an
overall footprint of about 16,000 ft2 (1500 m2) that holds
approximately 200 vehicles. The northern portion of the
garage is located below a 10-story apartment building and the
southern portion is located below a plaza at street level.
The elevated parking and plaza decks consist of three-span
CIP concrete pan-joist systems with 3 in. (76 mm) thick slabs
on 12 in. (305 mm) deep joists at 25 in. (635 mm) on center.
The joists are supported by two lines of CIP concrete beams
and a CIP concrete foundation wall. The lowest parking level
is a 5 in. (127 mm) thick CIP concrete slab-on-ground.
In previous years, the garage underwent repairs of the
beams and joists and placement of a 1 in. (25 mm) thick
concrete topping slab over the entire surface of the upper
parking deck. Since then, the elevated parking deck exhibited
cracked, delaminated, and/or spalled concrete. Previous
repairs had failed, and the topping slab had debonded. The
structure’s columns and walls exhibited delaminated and/or
spalled concrete, and there was active leakage through the
foundation walls. A condition assessment was performed to
identify the extent and causes of deterioration and to identify
alternatives for remediation.
The general scope of the remedial work included:
•• Replacing the entire pan-joist system (leaving the beams)
on the elevated parking deck;
•• Making conventional concrete repairs at the beams,
columns, and walls; and
•• Installing a new traffic-bearing dampproofing system on
the elevated parking deck and a new plaza dampproofing
system on the plaza deck.
The existing elevated deck provided lateral bracing to the
existing foundation walls and columns, so a temporary lateral
bracing system was developed. This system was based on
demolition and reconstruction of the deck in two phases, using
portions of the existing and then new deck structures as
reaction and load transfer elements.
The pan-joist system was demolished by making saw-cuts
along the beams and allowing the slab and joists to collapse to
the slab-on-ground. Chipping guns were used for localized
repairs, and hydrodemolition was used to remove concrete
from the top of the beams.
A new pan-joist deck was cast between the existing beams.
Because of the phased demolition, couplers and threaded steel
bars were used for the top reinforcement at the joist
connections to the beams. Also, existing concrete in contact
with new concrete was roughened and keyed to provide a
“seat” for the new pan-joist system.
During construction, it was discovered that one of the
concrete beams supporting the plaza level had been cut during
a previous project when a ramp was added at the front
entrance to the building. Nearly half of the top portion of the
beam, including the reinforcement, had been cut, and two
joists had been removed. Structural strengthening of the beam
required enlargement of the concrete section, adding new steel
shear reinforcement (“U” bars) and longitudinal steel bars,
and installing externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced
polymer (CFRP) laminates on the beam underside. Each edge
joist at the ramp opening was strengthened by enlargement of
the section and installing CFRP laminates on the joist underside.
Project credits: Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, Inc., Submitter
and Project Engineer/Designer; Blu Ridge Management,
Owner; Consigli Construction Co., Inc., Repair Contractor;
and Aggregate Industries, Materials Supplier/Manufacturer.
Special Projects
Chase Field Repairs, Phoenix, AZ
Chase Field—formerly known as Bank One Ballpark—is
home to the Arizona Diamondbacks Major League Baseball
team. Completed in 1998, the structural system of the
grandstand consists of reinforced concrete frames and
cantilevered steel raker trusses. The steel trusses support the
first 11 rows of seating at the upper concourse and are
connected to the concrete frame using high-strength threaded
reinforcing bar tieback anchors. Precast prestressed concrete
seating risers span between the trusses or between concrete
frame members. In 2011, a facility assessment identified
corrosion-related damage to concrete and steel members. The
facility has been under repair ever since.
The original design included an extensive “rain gutter”
system beneath the precast joints to collect and divert any
leaks away from occupied spaces. However, the system did
not prevent water from falling onto supporting members
before collection into the gutters. The first evidence of
damage was efflorescence. Further investigation led to
discovery of corrosion damage to reinforcing steel,
prestressing strands, embedded steel connection plates,
structural steel members, and steel handrails.
Damage was acute in areas where spray-applied
cementitious or mineral wool fireproofing had absorbed and
held moisture against structural elements. A pernicious area of
corrosion was at connections between the cantilevered steel
raker trusses and concrete columns—the threaded anchor rods
that connect the trusses to the concrete frame are concealed in
a small inaccessible “dead space.” Inspection revealed
severely corroded nuts that required replacement. To mitigate
future problems yet achieve the required 3-hour fire rating,
repair materials included intumescent epoxy coating (1/4 to
1/2 in. [6 to 13 mm] thick dampproof epoxy) on steel raker
trusses and threaded reinforcing bar anchors. Fire-rated
building-expansion joints or intumescent tape were also used
at precast joints.
Bearing plates in precast members, steel shims, and bearing
plates in supporting members experienced various corrosion
levels. Large epoxy-coated steel embed plates, cast into the
Chase Field
seating riser’s horizontal portion directly adjacent to
transverse joints, deteriorated severely. Repairs varied from
sandblasting exposed surfaces of the bearings and epoxy
coating to chipping out both precast and supporting members,
replacing bearing plates/pads, sandblasting/epoxy coating
exposed surfaces, and recasting.
Concrete cracking and spalling was observed on the
bottom side of precast seating risers in two locations,
revealing severe corrosion of prestressing strands. Repairs
consisted of installing an epoxy-coated full-length steel
channel, bolted to the back side of the seating riser supporting
the weight, chipping out concrete exposing corroded strands,
sandblasting, epoxy coating, form and pour back, and
protection with a urethane deck coating.
Concrete repair materials included cast-in-place concrete
with corrosion inhibitors, silica fume, and shrinkage reducing
admixtures. Concrete repairs were installed using form and
pour, form and pump, and manual troweling methods. Cracks
were repaired using epoxy injection. Various protection
methods, both integral to the repairs themselves and superficial
to prevent continued infiltration, were also implemented.
Project credits: Gervasio & Associates Inc., Submitter and
Project Engineer/Designer; Maricopa County Stadium
District, Owner; Restruction Corp., Repair Contractor; and
Sika Corporation and Neogard, Materials Suppliers/
Manufacturers.
Awards of Excellence
Historic
Child’s Restaurant at Coney Island and Seaside Park,
New York, NY
The former Child’s Restaurant is a rare remnant of the old
Coney Island of the early twentieth century. The building is a
large masonry box that has recently found new life as the
stage and box office for the Ford Amphitheater. It also houses
a 500-seat restaurant with a 90 ft (27 m) bar and a rooftop
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 49

Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island
event space with kitchens and refreshment centers.
The building was constructed in 1923. It was designed
with elements of Spanish Colonial architecture and with
details that made it appear as though it had washed up out of
the sea: its sand-colored stucco walls were dripping with
terra cotta ornaments of ships, seaweed, fish, crabs, lobsters,
snails, and Neptune.
The restaurant closed after WWII, and the building was a
candy factory until the 1980s. Through the years, efforts to
resurrect the vacant structure were undertaken, including
intermittent use as a roller rink. There were also several
different attempts to redevelop the property. In 2012, city-
owned adjacent land and former street beds to the west of the
structure were joined to provide space for the adjoining
amphitheater seating and Seaside Park.
Due to the building’s proximity to the ocean, it has been
highly affected by corrosion, erosion, biological growth, and
freezing-and-thawing cycles. Erosion and damage caused by
biological growth were most prominent on the ornamental
terra cotta pieces and stucco on the exterior walls. In addition,
the western wall was damaged by a massive multi-block fire
in 1932. The physical damage to the brick required the
removal and replacement of the exterior wythe of brick. The
repair comprised reclaimed brick from Detroit, MI, which has
similar physical properties and closely matches the moisture
content and firing of the original brick.
A layer of incompatible 1960s stucco was removed from
the south and east walls along with all asbestos-containing
dampproofing materials, resulting in the discovery of
numerous cracks related to deteriorated steel roof framing and
miscellaneous steel installations, including lintels. All of the
façade steel had to be either repaired or replaced. Three
cartouches surrounding the window openings on the corners
of the building also suffered the effects of steel deterioration
from both the lintels and the decorative grilles.
Although many terra-cotta pieces were suitable for reuse,
new cartouches, rondels, and window and door surrounds
were required. Existing pieces were removed from the
building and used as models for reproduction of color and
50 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
sculpture. The original backup masonry walls were removed
and rebuilt with salvaged common brick to their original five
wythe thickness.
Each of the medallion infill pieces had a gold luster glaze.
Thirty-six glazes were developed and a total of 752 new
pieces were replicated for the building; 102 were salvaged and
reset, and 171 were repaired on site. Extreme care was taken
to match the original as closely as possible. Highly damaged
terra-cotta stones were replaced with newly replicated ones.
On site, the pieces were carefully installed with modern
stainless-steel anchors and tied in with the new reclaimed
brick. The stucco was designed to match the current beach
sand color and a rough wood float finish was applied to match
the original design intent.
Project credits: PULLMAN, Submitter and Repair
Contractor; Seaside Park LLC for NYC EDC, Owner; WSP
Cantor Seinuk, Project Engineer/Designer; and Boston Valley
Terra Cotta and AFI Glass & Architectural Metal, Materials
Suppliers/Manufacturers.
Unity Temple Restoration, Oak Park, IL
Constructed circa 1908 for about $69,000, Unity Temple is
a masterpiece rendered inside and out in reinforced cast-in-
place concrete. The Unity Temple complex consists of three
interconnecting structures: Unity Temple/Sanctuary, Unity
House, and Foyer. It’s one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s earliest
designs using reinforced concrete construction—an innovative
use of concrete with exposed aggregate finish as both a
structural and decorative material. A Registered National
Historic Landmark building, it is listed on the National Trust
for Historic Preservation’s 11 most endangered historic places,
and Landmarks Illinois’ “Most Endangered Historic Places in
Illinois.” A restoration master plan was developed in 2000 to
2006 to address the building’s exterior and interior
deterioration. A survey and a master plan were completed in
2015, and a $25 million restoration project was completed in
May 2017.
The history of the structure included numerous previous
repairs. In 1973, deteriorated areas of portland cement facing
mortar (PCFM) on exterior walls were replaced with
shotcrete. Condition surveys from 1999 to 2015 revealed
considerable cracking, delaminations, and spalling of the
shotcrete, and the loose shotcrete posed a threat to public
safety. In 2002, the cantilevered roof slab fascias and soffits
were restored. In 2008, however, concrete pieces fell from the
Sanctuary ceiling.
The 2015 survey indicated that the 2002 repairs were
performing well; however, shrinkage cracks had developed
along the fascia perimeter of roof slabs. Structural analysis
indicated that roof slabs were structurally adequate and
strengthening was unnecessary. In addition to the PCFM on
exterior walls, Wright’s original specifications called for stone
concrete, structural cinder concrete, and structural concrete in
the building. Their use was confirmed in core samples.
Observed concrete delamination and water damage at interior
concrete structural elements were generally localized and due
to water infiltration through roofs. Several terrace panels
exhibited spalling, creating potential tripping hazards; this
was attributable to shrinkage cracking, soil settlement, and
cyclic freezing-and-thawing of panels with moisture
saturation from poor drainage.
A weather enclosure was installed over the entire building
to allow for continual construction activities through winter
and rain, and to control airborne debris. At parapet and
chimney walls, 100% shotcrete replacement was performed
due to extensive deterioration. At other exterior walls and
ornamental planters, localized shotcrete repairs and crack
repairs were blended into the surrounding wall. A penetrating
silane sealer was applied to mitigate future moisture intrusion.
At the cantilevered roof slab, localized concrete repairs were
performed using the form-and-pour method, using
supplementary reinforcement and discrete galvanic anodes.
Localized concrete repairs of interior concrete beams were
performed and 100% of foyer terrace panels were replaced
using air-entrained concrete. They were installed with positive
drainage slope.
Extraordinary measures were taken in designing trial
mixtures and constructing field mockups, as matching the
exterior wall surfaces was of paramount importance. Field
trials were also performed to assess the effectiveness of
various cleaning methods, and the owner selected grit blasting
for economic reasons. Exterior walls were cleaned using
fine-grade grit blasting prior to shotcrete repairs to facilitate
matching of new localized shotcrete repairs against cleaned
wall areas.
Wet-process shotcreting was employed with specific hose
air pressure and nozzle distance to work area. Grit blasting
after curing was used to achieve the desired exposed
aggregate finish to match the surrounding wall. Wall crack
repair included placing select aggregates in the sealant to
match the adjacent wall surface.
Localized cantilevered roof slab soffit repairs were
performed using the form-and-pour method. Access holes
were cored in roof slabs to facilitate placement of repair
concrete from the slab topside.
Serious structural problems were discovered at roof slabs
and supporting upturned beams of the east and west
classrooms in Unity House. The one-way slabs exhibited
extensive deterioration and significant deflection. Structural
analysis indicated that slab reinforcement was deficient by
50% of that required to support code-prescribed minimum
snow load.
The upturned beams exhibited diagonal shear cracks and
horizontal splitting above bottom longitudinal bars at slab-to-
beam connections in beam regions without stirrups. Due to
ongoing deterioration, roof slab collapse appeared imminent if
left unaddressed. A new roof system and structural
strengthening of upturned beams were designed and installed.
Project credits: CTLGroup, Submitter and Project
Engineer/Designer; UTP, LLC, Owner; Berglund
Unity Temple
Construction, Repair Contractor; and Zera Construction and
RH Ward & Associates, Materials Suppliers/Manufacturers.
Low-Rise
Plaza Deck Post Tensioning Repair, External
Strengthening, and Dampproofing Rehabilitation,
Alexandria, VA
The Templeton of Alexandria Condominium is a 15-story
cast-in-place concrete residential structure. It features a
landscaped elevated plaza deck supported by a cast-in-place
post-tensioned reinforced concrete slab over a one-level
garage structure. The garage provides about 23,000 ft2 (2100 m2)
of parking area comprising a structural slab supported by
grade beams that span to drilled shaft foundations.
The elevated plaza structure underwent a renovation in the
1990s. Repairs included replacement of the existing
dampproofing with a sheet-applied rubberized asphalt
membrane system, repairing some of the post-tensioning
cables at isolated locations, and installation of landscaping
and hardscaping treatments.
In 2014, the owner’s original project goals were to
implement targeted dampproofing repairs to isolated areas of
the plaza. The project goals expanded during the rehabilitation
work to include strengthening the plaza structure to meet
future use goals and to update the appearance of the plaza’s
landscape/hardscape architecture.
Visual inspection at the underside of the elevated plaza slab
revealed cracks, spalling, grease stains, and electrical conduits
that were compromised by water. Although the original
structural drawings indicated that the plaza structure was
designed for a superimposed dead load (SDL) of 50 psf (2.4 kPa),
the inspection indicated that the load imposed by planters,
pavers, soil, plantings, and hardscaping was about 300 psf
(14.4 kPa) in portions of the plaza. A summary of other
significant findings from the survey work and analysis included:
•• The soffit of the post-tensioned plaza slab exhibited
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 51

Plaza Deck of Templeton of Alexandria Condominium
numerous areas of distress in the form of cracking and
water leakage; corrosion of embedded steel reinforcing,
electrical conduits, and surface-mounted junction boxes;
and leakage around drainage pipe penetrations;
•• Discoloration of the concrete was the result of grease
leaking from the unbonded tendon sheath/covering; and
•• 73 post-tensioning tendons were exposed, of which 13 were
found to have lost post-tensioning force and nine were
found to have a partial loss of the stressing force.
It was concluded that the loss in post-tensioning force
significantly compromised the structure’s load-carrying
capacity, and the existing post-tensioned slab was not code
compliant. The structure was severely overloaded and the
plaza and garage needed to be closed and shored due to
safety concerns.
Shoring was installed and a zero live load plaza restriction
was mandated for the area, so the parking bays below the
tennis court area could be reopened. The plaza level remained
closed to pedestrians; however, pedestrian access at the garage
level was restored in a defined walkway to accommodate
building access.
As the emergency load-reduction work was performed, it
was revealed that the renovation completed in the 1990s
included the addition of concrete topping materials to enhance
drainage. A network of troughs/trenches remained where the
prior site walls existed. These troughs were problematic in
detailing the dampproofing system, and the topping slab/
overlay represented additional dead load on a deck that was
already overloaded and under-designed. Topping slab pulloff
tests confirmed that the toppings were well bonded and could
be considered acting compositely with the structural slab.
The plaza deck analysis revealed a severely limited load
carrying capacity. To restore the integrity of the original
design, 69 post-tensioning tendons were repaired (spliced) or
completely replaced, and external reinforcing was installed.
Steel column collar brackets were installed to anchor the
tendons and provide supplemental shear reinforcement at the
52 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
column-to-slab connections. Mid-span deviators were
installed to provide sufficient profile geometry for the tendons
while maintaining head room in the garage space.
The rehabilitated post-tensioned and externally reinforced
slab was designed to safely support a live load of 100 psf
(4.8 kPa) along with a SDL of 100 psf. The use of external
strengthening at targeted bays with longer spans provided
sufficient capacity to accommodate the owner’s desired
amenities and hardscaping/landscaping. The plaza deck was
protected against future water damage using a reinforced
rubberized asphalt membrane and an aggregate surfaced
cap sheet.
Project credits: Structural Rehabilitation Group, LLC,
Submitter and Project Engineer/Designer; Templeton of
Alexandria, Owner; Commercial Restoration Group, Inc.,
Repair Contractor; and Suncoast Post-Tension, Ltd. and Henry
Companies, Materials Suppliers/Manufacturers.
Parking Structures
Post-Tensioned Garage Repairs, Toronto, ON, Canada
Built in the mid-1980s, the two-level underground parking
garage structure at 275 Bamburgh Circle, Markham, ON, was
found to be in need of repair to restore its structural integrity
and improve aesthetics. The 86,000 ft2 (8000 m2) garage
consists of a slab-on-ground and an intermediate suspended
slab which is 1/3 conventionally reinforced and 2/3 post-
tensioned (PT).
The suspended slab was constructed using an unbonded PT
system characterized by extruded plastic sheathing along the
tendon length and bare strand at the anchors. The slab had
poor protection from moisture and salt, with only caulked
expansion joints and a penetrating sealer. PT tendons were
easily identified and located using the original design
documents. A visual review was performed to identify likely
locations for strand deterioration, such as at leaking expansion
joints. Forty-four tendons were assessed using penetration
testing with a screwdriver and hammer. The PT strands were
categorized as “totally loose,” “appears under-stressed,” or
“appears adequately stressed.” Three strands were found to be
totally loose—they were heavily corroded at anchors at leaking
expansion joints. At another expansion joint, strands that had
not initially been identified as loose were also found to be
severely corroded and individual wires had ruptured. Due to
the heavy corrosion of the wires, however, the wires had
bonded with each other and the failure was not identified by the
penetration test carried out several feet away from the anchor.
Concrete removals for conventional delaminated concrete
repairs exposed additional tendons, allowing for further PT
testing. Eleven additional loose strands were found that
needed repair because previous workers had drilled, cored,
jackhammered, and cut concrete without knowing that the
slab was post-tensioned.
Previous concrete repair areas were also found to be the
source of PT cable corrosion deterioration resulting from
sheathing damage. No dampproofing protection had been
applied to the surface, and this allowed
water and chlorides to reach the strand.
For strands that had been damaged
by drilling but were otherwise in good
condition, a splice repair was
completed, and the remainder of the
tendon was salvaged.
At locations with minor corrosion of
anchors, sacrificial galvanic anodes
were installed. Splice repairs were made
if strand had local corrosion due to
sheathing damage.
Corroded anchors and strands were
also found along a construction joint.
Fifteen strands were de-tensioned,
delaminated concrete was replaced, the
strands were re-tensioned, and a
sacrificial zinc sheet was installed on the
soffit of the slab and electrically connected
to the strand anchors.
Where new anchors were required,
fully encapsulated and watertight
anchors were installed. Caulked
expansion joint seals were replaced with
new preformed neoprene glands. Lastly,
an elastomeric traffic deck coating
system was installed. A thinner light
duty coating was used for the parking
stalls, and a thicker coating was used for
drive lanes and turning locations.
Project credits: Edison Engineers
Inc., Submitter and Project Engineer/
Designer; DEL Property Management,
Owner; Structural Contracting, Repair
Contractor; and Vector Construction,
Materials Supplier/Manufacturer.
side of the carriageway. It is 1560 ft
(475 m) in overall length and consists of
15 concrete approach spans and three
main channel spans.
The tropical saltwater environment
had taken its toll on the reinforced
concrete superstructure and substructure,
causing corrosion-induced cracking and
spalling on the various structural
elements. In 2011, a detailed bridge
inspection was carried out and found
that the structure was generally in good
condition but would require rehabilitation
and subsequent regular maintenance.
Concrete repair work began in
March 2016 and took 12 months to
complete at a cost of $5.6 million. Most
of the work involved repair to the
concrete bridge columns, but other work
included repairs to cast-in-place and
precast concrete elements such as
abutments, beams, piers, and deck, and
pile caps. Repairs and/or replacement
CONCRETE RESTORATION & REPAIR
were also made to bridge railings, lights,
signage, deck joints, the drainage
system, and portions of the fender
systems. The work further included the
installation of a maintenance platform
and application of protective coatings.
Getting access to many of the
deteriorated areas on the underside of
the bridge presented significant
challenges because more than 75% of
the spans were over water and at a
significant height, up to 55 ft (17 m)
above the waterline.
The original design called for
encapsulation of all columns from the
pier cap to a height of 20 ft (6 m) and
individual spall repairs on deteriorated
concrete areas above that height. A
spray-applied migrating corrosion
inhibitor was also specified to help
protect the column areas that were not
being repaired.
Soon after construction began,

Transportation
Paradise Island East Bridge
Repairs and Renovations, Nassau,
Bahamas
Paradise Island is connected to the
island of New Providence by two
bridges that cross Nassau Harbour. The
Paradise Island East Bridge is the older
of the two bridges. It opened to traffic
in 1967. The East Bridge is owned,
operated, and maintained by The Bridge
Authority, Commonwealth of the
Bahamas as a toll facility. Millions of
Controls silica dust. Eliminates vibration & weight
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annually. The bridge has an overall Patented technology offering unrivaled results 


width of 36 ft (11 m). It carries two
lanes of one-way traffic from Paradise
Island, along with a sidewalk on each CONCRETE CHIPPING HYDRO DEMOLITION DRILLING DEMOLITION

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 53


Chats Falls Generating Station
however, it was agreed that more value could be gained by
totally encasing the columns above the 20 ft height. This
provided significant strengthening and protection against
corrosion by increasing concrete cover by 6 in. (152 mm)
over 100% of the column surface area. Due to weight limits
on the bridge deck and limited space on the water beneath the
bridge, ready mixed concrete was not an option. Instead,
12,000 bags (6000 ft3 [170 m3]) of a self-consolidating
concrete (SCC) mixture were placed by hand to encapsulate
the columns. The concrete mixture contained corrosion
inhibitor, silica fume, and polymer to provide higher
corrosion protection.
About 2000 ft2 (185 m2) of isolated spalls on columns,
beams, and piers were repaired using a “trowel-applied”
technique with a non-sag, polymer-modified repair mortar
with integral corrosion inhibitor. To get access to these areas,
a trailer-mounted, retractable, self-propelled swinging
platform was used and allowed workers to climb from the
bridge deck to a secure working platform under the bridge deck.
To further defend against chloride and moisture infiltration, a
total of 220,000 ft2 (20,400 m2) of columns, beams, abutments,
piers, and the underside of the bridge deck were coated with a
polymer-modified cementitious coating. The protective
coating also provided an aesthetically-pleasing finished product.
Project credits: Sika Corporation, Submitter and Materials
Supplier/Manufacturer; The Bridge Authority, Commonwealth
of The Bahamas, Owner; ETS, Project Engineer/Designer;
and ISD, Repair Contractor.
54 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Water Systems
Chats Falls Generating Station, Fitzroy Harbour, ON,
Canada
The Chats Falls Generating Station is located near the
village of Fitzroy Harbour, ON, Canada. The Chats Falls Dam
spans the Ottawa River and lies in both Ontario and Quebec
provinces and is now jointly owned by Ontario Power
Generation (OPG) and Hydro Quebec. The facility has eight
massive turbines capable of generating up to 192 megawatts
of power.
Construction of the dam began in 1929, and the station
was put into service during 1931 and 1932. The concrete
portion of the dam is about 2.9 miles (4.6 km) in length,
making it one of the longest dams in North America. The
dam includes five spillways.
After more than 8 decades of service, the dam’s concrete
had deteriorated due to water infiltration and freezing-and-
thawing attack. The critical areas requiring intervention were
sections of the decks, gravity dam surface areas, downstream
vertical walls, and submerged face sections of the dam. A
multi-year refurbishment started in Spring 2012 and was
completed in Fall 2016. Work included removal and
replacement of deteriorated concrete, replacement of
handrails, pinning some cracked sections of the dam,
underwater epoxy crack injections to mitigate leakage, and
electrical upgrades.
The only road access to the dam is from the Ontario side,
and a sizable portion of the construction materials and
equipment had to be transported across the Ottawa River.
Most of the river crossings were made by boat and barge;
however, during periods when the spillways were open, some
of the materials and equipment had to be transported by
helicopter. Many of the concrete repairs had to be completed
working from barges. While work was being performed on
the Quebec side, workers on the project also had to use boats
to travel from the staging area to the workstations. As a
further complication, construction activities had to be
coordinated with OPG to not interfere with the operation of
the generating station.
The perimeter of each repair area was saw-cut to a
minimum depth of 3/4 in. (19 mm), unsound concrete was
removed using handheld concrete breakers, and the substrate
was cleaned using 4000 psi (2.8 MPa) pressure washers.
Areas that required only a 3 in. (76 mm) overlay were
reinforced using galvanized welded wire reinforcement with a
4 x 4 in. (102 x 102 mm) pattern, while areas that required
deeper repair sections were reinforced using epoxy-coated
dowels and bars. The substrate was wetted to a surface-
saturated-dry condition before repair concrete was placed.
The downstream vertical walls were formed and placed
with a high-performance, pre-packaged, self-consolidating
concrete (SCC) mixture with a 26 in. (650 mm) slump flow.
Forms were left in place for a minimum of 7 days. The
horizontal top slab of the dam was repaired using a high-
performance, pre-packaged, concrete mixture, and the
concrete was trowel finished. In total, over 28,250 ft3 (800 m3)
of concrete was replaced.
Sections of the dam were strengthened by drilling holes
through the concrete and into the bedrock and installing 1.4 in.
(35 mm) diameter, high-strength steel pins (up to 39 ft [12 m]
in length). The pins were secured using an unsanded,
washout-resistant, anchoring grout injected under pressure
into the holes.
Numerous underwater concrete repairs were completed by
divers using a washout-resistant, underwater repair mortar.
After locating and sealing the face of cracks, the divers drilled
into the voids in the concrete and injected a two-part epoxy resin.
This process was used to seal many hundreds of feet of cracks.
A substantial portion of the concrete replacement was
completed as part of the installation of new safety rails along
the entire length of the dam. This served to reinstate the
Gold Bar Influent Channel No. 2
structural integrity of the dam and to create a safe working
environment for the technicians who manage the water levels
and flows. The damage indicated a significant reduction in load-
Project credits: King Packaged Materials Company, carrying capacity. The inspection also revealed that expansion
Submitter and Materials Supplier/Manufacturer; Ontario joint seals were missing or damaged and that metal gratings
Power Generation and Hydro Quebec, Owners; WSP, Project and handrails were severely corroded.
Engineer/Designer; and GDB Constructeurs, Repair Contractor. A repair protection program was prepared to restore or
increase the structural capacity and improve the overall
Gold Bar Influent Channel No. 2 Repair and Long-Term durability of the channel. The program included:
Protection, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Constructed in 1979, the Gold Bar Influent Channel No. 2
•• Removal of unsound concrete and preparation of substrate
surfaces;
consists of a reinforced concrete rectangular tunnel that
transports raw wastewater influent to the wastewater treatment
•• Installation of a cast-in-place, bonded, reinforced concrete
overlay to the channel’s interior roof and wall surfaces,
plant’s screen and pretreatment areas. The tunnel is over 295 ft using a low shrinkage, low permeability, sulfate resistant,
(90 m) long, with interior width varying from about 7 to 10 ft self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixture;
(2.1 to 3 m), and interior height varying from about 6.5 to
10.75 ft (2 to 3.3 m). The channel structure is entirely below
•• Casting a proprietary high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
protective liner assembly into the surface of the concrete
grade and comprises 12 in. (305 mm) side walls, a 15 in. overlays; and
(381 mm) floor slab foundation, and a roof slab. Some
portions of the channel roof structure also form the main floor
•• Replacement of expansion joints with a multi-layer
assembly, neoprene gasket, and proprietary rubber-
of a process building, and these sections include 12 in. wide encapsulated metal cover plate assembly in areas
reinforced concrete beams. The channel includes several vulnerable to impact from stones and debris.
expansion joints, a fiberglass-lined venturi flume for The concrete overlay was designed as fully composite with
measurement of flow rates, an isolation gate, and several roof the existing structure, through material bonding and sufficient
access hatches. reinforcement dowelling at the shear interface. Integration of
Raw influent in wastewater treatment plants produces high the new HDPE protective liner into the outer surface of the
concentrations of hazardous and corrosive gasses and acids concrete overlay provided some design and construction
that deteriorate concrete materials and metal components. The challenges. Although the manufacturer’s recommendations
rates of concrete deterioration and microbial corrosion vary and guidelines were suitable for typical splices, corners, and
depending on the concentrations of sulfides in the wastewater, transitions, it was necessary to develop numerous custom
the flow rate and the level of turbulence, and the subsequent details for project-specific requirements. Further, the
rate of H2S release. contractor had to take extraordinary measures to minimize
In 2014, an inspection of the tunnel interior identified wrinkling and penetrations of the HDPE liner during forming
unsound concrete and significant erosion and loss of concrete and placement of the SCC overlay materials.
wall thickness, often to the depth of the reinforcing steel. The Project credits: Read Jones Christoffersen Ltd., Submitter
concrete cover on the underside of the roof slabs had and Project Engineer/Designer; EPCOR Water Services Inc.,
deteriorated, exposing the lower mat of reinforcing steel. Owner; Sure-Form Contracting Ltd., Repair Contractor; and
Below the process building, beam stirrups and bottom layer AGRU America Inc. and Sika Canada Inc., Materials
reinforcing bars were exposed and heavily corroded. Suppliers/Manufacturers.

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 55

Shotcrete
Guide to Shotcrete
2016

Now Available
Serving as an excellent primer with numerous pictures and figures detailing the entire shotcrete
process, ACI 506R-16 includes the history, equipment selection, material requirements, formwork,
crew composition and qualification, proper placement techniques, types of finishes, QA/QC
testing, and sustainability for shotcrete design and construction. Completely reformatted, the
guide serves as a companion document to the mandatory language in ACI 506.2, “Specification for
Shotcrete.” Additional industry-leading education and certification programs are available from
the American Concrete Institute and American Shotcrete Association.

www.concrete.org www.shotcrete.org
Internal Imaging of
Concrete Elements
Ultrasonic technology is developing as a practical nondestructive inspection tool
by James A. Bittner, Agustin Spalvier, and John S. Popovics
C
oncrete is the most widely used construction material
because of its relatively low cost and overall robust
mechanical features. After placement, however,
inspection of concrete elements remains a challenging task.
The verification of proper material properties or geometric
characteristics often requires destructive testing, which may
degrade the quality of the recently constructed concrete
element. Nondestructive testing (NDT) tools enable
verification of quality without compromising the integrity of
the structure. An overview of various NDT techniques for
concrete is available in ACI 228.2R-13.1
NDT methods for concrete can be roughly divided into two
principal groups: electrical- and mechanical-based methods.
Electrical-based methods include resistivity and pulsed
electromagnetic radar, also known as ground-penetrating radar
or GPR. Mechanical-based methods include the rebound
hammer, ultrasonic wave propagation, and impact-echo. Both
principal NDT groups have advantages and limitations that
align with various inspection requirements. While electrical
methods are excellent for detailing electrochemical effects
such as conductivity potentials and active corrosion currents,
they are significantly influenced by material moisture
conditions that can be uncontrolled or unknown. Mechanical
methods are less influenced by moisture and have found broad
use for detecting internal defects, evaluating uniformity of
stiffness, and measuring element geometries. However,
mechanical methods require the application of precise forces,
which may be difficult to apply consistently.
This article provides an overview of one emerging
mechanical NDT technology that uses multi-element
ultrasonic shear wave arrays to provide internal image
reconstructions of concrete. The general operation of the
ultrasonic shear wave array method is reviewed, and an
example NDT field application is demonstrated through
estimation of the depth of an in-service concrete bridge deck.
Lastly, improvements to the method’s existing data analysis
procedure for concrete deck thickness measurement are
proposed and are shown to result in a 57% reduction in
measurement error. The objective of this article is to provide
an overview of this emerging technology and highlight recent
advances in processing algorithms to improve the overall
device performance for one specific NDT task.
Overview of Ultrasonic Shear Wave Array
Technology
Recent advances in ultrasonic transducer design have
produced small and lightweight sensors that can be housed in
a handheld array. The array devices enable quick and
repeatable collection of multiple ultrasonic datasets over the
footprint of the device. The transducers generate shear waves
that propagate into the concrete; shear waves offer smaller
wavelength (better resolution) and less mode conversion (less
complicated wave parameters) than compressional waves,
which for example are used in the standard ultrasonic pulse
velocity method.
The whole measurement process consists of three steps:
•• Generation of ultrasonic waves and detection of direct and
reflected waves;
•• Preprocessing of data, using a predetermined wave
propagation velocity; and
•• Construction of an image based on the preprocessed dataset.
In the first step, ultrasonic waves are generated by the
transducers in the array and propagate into the concrete. The
waves are produced by a transducer array sequence, where
some of the transducers within the array generate waves while
the others detect the direct and reflected waves. Waves travel
both directly between transducers along the surface, and
outward through the concrete mass. Internally propagating
waves are observed when they are reflected from internal
defects, bars, or surfaces.
In the second step, the data collected by the sensors are
filtered and processed to extract wave propagation parameters,
such as wave velocity needed for later imaging. The response
output signal from each individual sensor represents a surface
motion as a function of time. However, the output image is
represented by a reflector’s position in space. To convert time
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 57
signals to a space (distance traveled) representation, the wave
propagation velocity is needed. In a globally inhomogeneous
material like concrete, the apparent wave velocity can be
variable when calculated between different measurement
points, even within an area composed of the same concrete
batch. To account for this velocity variation, most NDT
practices require an operator either to assume a reasonable
average value of wave velocity or to measure it prior to
carrying out an investigation; in either case, the velocity value
is considered to have a constant value in subsequent
calculations for analysis procedures within that experimental
campaign. The use of a constant velocity value however can
result in systematic error in the imaging results. Because of
this inherent variability and the importance of wave velocity
within the imaging scheme, accurate and representative values
of wave velocity must be determined at each testing location
to obtain the most accurate and reliable images.
Using ultrasonic shear wave array technology, wave
velocity is determined by considering only those waves that
travel directly between transducers along the concrete’s
surface. Velocity is calculated as the ratio of the distance
between transducer-arrays and time needed for the wave pulse
to travel that distance. The standard wave velocity algorithm
that is carried out by the commercial device as a default
process is based on a typical linear array velocity
measurement method. This standard method consists of
measuring the arrival times of the waves that travel directly
between sending and receiving transducers and plotting those
time measurements with respect to the corresponding
distances between transducers. A least-squares line of best fit
is then computed from the time versus distance data set, and
the inverse of its slope is the estimated velocity.
The third step consists of constructing a representative
spatial image from the preprocessed dataset. To do so,
intricate data processing algorithms, such as the Synthetic
Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT), must be deployed.
SAFT was originally developed to process radar data under
the name of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).2 The technique
is based on the principles of signal time shifting, summing,
and superposition, where multiple received summed signals
indicate enhanced amplitude of some internal wave reflector,
while the noise component amplitude remains at a lower
uniform intensity.3 In other words, SAFT uses space-averaged
signals to provide an image that represents a cross-sectional
slice through a material perpendicular to the surface, where
the location of reflections within that cross section are
indicated through enhanced amplitude indications above the
background noise. For example, when scanning a concrete
slab-on-ground to determine the thickness, the reflections
from the bottom surface of the slab will result in a nearly
monotonic constructed image with a zone of high amplitude
(in the device we used, this zone appears red) representing the
best estimate for the slab thickness.
Several different commercial ultrasonic array devices for
concrete are currently produced by different manufacturers,
58 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
although the fundamental array operation and data processing
algorithms used by them are largely similar. In our research,
we used the “MIRA” array device manufactured by Acoustic
Control Systems (ACSYS). However, the improvements and
methods discussed in this article are device-independent and
can be applied generally to all shear wave array devices
regardless of manufacturer.
An illustration of basic operation and output SAFT image
produced by a commercial device are shown in Fig. 1. In
this illustration, the device was placed on the surface of a
500 mm (19.7 in.) deep steel-reinforced structural concrete
column. The operator triggers the device, which causes the
array to generate and receive ultrasonic waves in a sequence
that includes every combination of the 12 sets of
transducers, resulting in 66 total combinations of sensor
pairs and time signals for each measurement location. The
fact that many unique signals are collected from one
measurement location is an asset that can be exploited when
using such devices.
The resulting SAFT image that is built up from many
signals arising from the array set, seen in Fig. 1(b), represents
an interior cross-sectional slice into the column, perpendicular
to the surface. The bright red colors in the image represent the
position (depth) of an internal object that reflects wave energy,
while blue colors represent areas that do not contain
significant internal reflectors. Circular reflectors such as the
cross section of internal reinforcing bars are represented by
circles in the SAFT image while elongated and flat reflectors,
such as the back surface of the column, are represented by
linear features. It is important to note the image clearly
indicates the location of reflectors within cross-sectional
space, but the apparent size of the reflector in the image is
representative of the magnitude of the reflection process and
not necessarily the true size of the reflector. Ultrasonic array
imaging using SAFT has been applied for a wide array of
inspection tasks such as geometric sizing of concrete
elements,4 internal duct localization,5 tunnel lining condition,6
and pavement characterization.7,8
Even though ultrasonic array imaging has found broad
application for inspecting concrete structures, several
limitations of the technology have been noted, as described:
•• Restricted depth of penetration—Large internal
reflectors can set up a “shadow zone” behind them in the
concrete within which very little wave energy penetrates4;
•• The polarized nature of the transducer array—The
performance of the device may depend on the orientation
of the array unit.6 For the SAFT algorithm to effectively
represent reflectors in the constructed image, the reflectors
must be oriented so that a complete set of four transducers
record identical reflections. Thus, a slender reflector like a
reinforcing bar requires that the principal axis of the device
be positioned perpendicular to the bar axis to be well
detected; and
•• Dependence on accurate measurement of mechanical
wave velocity—The use of inaccurate or nonrepresentative
 wave velocity values negatively
influences the ability of the device to
reconstruct an accurate image.8
This article addresses the last listed
limitation, inaccurate wave velocity
measurement, and suggests approaches
to minimize its influence by using the
multi-element array data provided by the
measurement device. In other words, we
take advantage of the increased volume
of data available from ultrasonic arrays
so that measurement of wave velocity
can be carried out automatically at every
measurement location, thus minimizing
the influence of systematic velocity error.
value for each test location. The
measurement error was defined as the
difference between the average caliper
and ultrasonic prediction of length at
each test location.
The histogram in Fig. 2(b) shows the
statistical distribution of slab thickness
measurement error obtained for all
(a)
36 measurement locations (three
locations for each 12 slabs). The error
shows a mean value of approximately
2.6 mm (0.1 in.). The fact that the mean
value of error is not zero suggests that
the thicknesses are systematically under
predicted by approximately 2.6 mm on
average. Assuming a standard Gaussian

Accuracy of Ultrasonic Shear

Wave Imaging
As with any assessment technology,
it is important to understand the accuracy
of the ultrasonic shear wave imaging
device as operated under ideal conditions.
To establish such a performance baseline (b)
with respect to estimating concrete slab
thickness, a test series of 12 concrete
slab samples, each with a nominal depth
of 228 mm (9 in.), were measured under
laboratory conditions. We used the
standard velocity algorithm on the Fig. 1: Application of a commercial ultrasonic shear wave array device to evaluate a structural
concrete column: (a) configuration and operation—green arrows denote the device display
commercial device described in the
screen on the device top and the 12 sets of four contact transducers on the device bottom;
previous section. Because there was full
and (b) processing schematic and SAFT image output—red arrows indicate high reflection
access to both surfaces of each slab, amplitude (red colors) within the constructed cross-sectional image
accurate thickness measurements could
be directly obtained with a mechanical
caliper. The slab sample set comprised
two concrete mixture designs with
average 14-day companion cylinder
compressive strengths of 36 and 54 MPa
(5200 and 7800 psi). The mixtures were
typical of those used in reinforced
concrete highway structures in Illinois.
On each slab, three test locations were
identified and measurements were
applied three separate times at each test
location; refer to Fig. 2(a) for image of
typical test slab after cores (to monitor
global thickness and compressive
strength) were removed and before the
nondestructive tests were performed.
The nondestructive tests were carried at
(a) (b)
locations between cores, and thickness
at each test location was determined Fig. 2: Establishment of baseline performance of ultrasonic array unit for slab thickness
directly with calipers. The three estimation: (a) a typical concrete slab sample after removal of cores; and (b) statistical
measurements at each location were distribution of the measurement error from all tests, where the dashed red lines represent
used to calculate one average thickness the 95% confidence intervals and the solid red line indicates the mean of the error

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 59

distribution of the error data and accepting the average caliper
measurement as the true thickness, the 95% confidence
interval of the error was calculated as the interval within two
standard deviations away from the error mean value. For the
data shown in Fig. 2(b), the 95% confidence interval was
−16.5 to 21.8 mm (−0.65 to 0.86 in.). Thus, a thickness
measurement collected in well-controlled experimental
conditions is expected to be within approximately 20 mm
(0.79 in.) or 9% of the true slab thickness of 228 mm, 95% of
the time. We can expect that measurements carried out in a
less-controlled environment, such as that associated with field
operations, would not achieve higher accuracy and may
achieve lower accuracy.
Example of Concrete Element Imaging
A common NDT task is verification of installed geometries
of structures and elements. In the example shown here, a
recently constructed rural concrete bridge deck exhibited
regions of insufficient thickness based on field measurements
during construction. The bridge has a concrete deck placed on
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3: Measuring thickness profile across the width of a single lane
on a concrete bridge deck: (a) a two-dimensional image of the deck
cross section from one measurement location; and (b) the profile
from two repeated passes of ultrasonic measured thickness (using
the standard velocity algorithm)—the dashed orange line represents
the contract design thickness and the blue line represents ruler
measurements in fresh concrete at the locations denoted with the
blue diamond markers
60 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
a steel girder superstructure. At the time of construction, the
inspector on site directly measured deck thickness on the
still-fresh (plastic) concrete with a ruler three times across the
width of the lane. However, complete understanding of the
situation requires additional confirmation of deck thickness
throughout the width of the lane, at more locations than would
be feasible to be measured with core samples. Thus, the
bridge management agency sought a nondestructive method
to estimate deck thickness at multiple locations. The bridge
deck construction documents call for a minimum thickness
of 203 mm (8 in.), while the inspector recorded three
measurements of 191 mm (7.5 in.). The inspector also
recorded several other ruler measurements over a series of
stations to confirm his observation; however, in this example,
we will focus on a single station’s profile.
Several months after the deck was cast, the ultrasonic array
device was used to collect data from the deck at several
positions across one lane from the centerline to the parapet
wall, perpendicular to the direction of traffic. A series of 30
measurements, with a step size of 170 mm (6.7 in.) between
measurement positions, was carried out across the deck width,
and a SAFT image was created for each measurement
location. An example of a single image reconstruction built up
from the data from one measurement is shown in Fig. 3(a).
Near the center of the SAFT image, a flat horizontal region of
high reflection can be seen, which is presumed to represent
the reflection from the bottom surface of the bridge deck. As
noted in the figure, the location of maximum reflection value
of the feature was used to estimate the depth of the deck at
this location.
The thickness results from each ultrasonic measurement
point were assembled and plotted (refer to Fig. 3(b)). Solid
square marks correspond to the thickness results of the first set
of measurements (Test No. 1), obtained by applying the
standard wave velocity algorithm. The target design thickness
of the deck slab is shown as a dashed orange line. The three
ruler measurements performed on the fresh concrete in the
deck slab during construction are indicated with blue
diamonds. Error bars were superimposed onto each thickness
result to indicate the variability. The error bars comprise the
experimental thickness measurement ±20 mm, associated with
the 95% confidence intervals previously established. The error
bars associated with each thickness measurement define a
band that indicates significant experimental variability along
the profile. The ruler measurements generally fall within that
band, although the ultrasonic predictions of thickness are on
average notably below those of the ruler measurements. The
target deck thickness falls within that band for only about half
of the measurements, and again the ultrasonic predictions of
thickness are on average notably below the target thickness.
To assess the repeatability of the test data, the ultrasonic
measurements were repeated along the same measurement line
across the deck (Test No. 2), and those data are represented by
hollow diamond points in Fig. 3(b). The average thickness
difference between the repeated measurements (Test No. 1
and Test No. 2) was approximately 14 mm (0.55 in.). This
difference is within the ±20 mm maximum error interval of
confidence previously calculated. As in the first test series, the
three ruler measurements fall within the band expected for the
ultrasonic measurements, but the target thickness falls within
the 95% confidence interval for only a fraction of the
ultrasonic measurements. As a result, the two test series are
unable to confirm with confidence the existence of a
difference between the actual and target thicknesses.
From the analysis in Fig. 3(b), it can be observed that
despite the powerful imaging capability of the device, the
variable nature of the measurement data negatively influences
the value of the output (thickness prediction). One approach to
improve the performance in this case is to modify how the
velocity values are obtained.
the deck. New error bars (interval of confidence) associated to
the proposed method were computed using the same
procedure and dataset as previously explained. The new
method’s error bars were found to be ±9 mm (0.35 in.), or
about 4% of the total design thickness of 228 mm; these were
superimposed onto each thickness measurement in Fig. 5.
The agreement between the repeated measurements is
improved over that shown in Fig. 3(b), and the predicted
thicknesses are within the laboratory-measured confidence
intervals. The average repeatability error between the two
measurements was decreased by 57% to 6 mm (0.24 in.). The
measured ultrasonic thickness predictions match those from
the field ruler measurements at the three locations. The
agreement with the fresh concrete measurement gives
confidence in the predicted thickness of the deck at those

Imaging Algorithm Improvements

During this investigation, it was observed that variability in
the velocity estimation method has a major influence on the
generated reconstructed images. As an example, the
uncertainty in estimating the bridge deck thickness (shown in
Fig. 3(b)) from two different measurement sets can be directly
related to variability of the measured wave velocity. The
standard velocity estimation algorithm was conceived
assuming that a small set of manual measurements are
collected using a single sender and receiver. This procedure is
schematically illustrated in Fig. 4(a). The use of multi-sensor
arrays changes the nature of the collected measurement data
set and opens the potential for improved velocity estimation (a) (b)
algorithms. Several new velocity estimation schemes were
Fig. 4: Wave velocity estimation techniques: (a) the standard wave
considered, based on the same data sets that were collected velocity algorithm computes velocity by taking the best fit line of the
from the bridge deck, that take advantage of the multi-sensor time versus distance data pairs and then takes the inverse of that
array data set. The most promising method was based on slope; and (b) the proposed array technique computes velocity as the
nearest neighbor image processing techniques.9 The same time mean value of a velocity distribution, where this distribution is
versus distance paired dataset used by the standard method composed of velocity measurements obtained from all possible
shown in Fig. 4(a) is considered. However, instead of fitting a unrepeated time versus distance data pairs
line to the entire time versus distance dataset as the standard
method does, the proposed method computes velocity
measurements from each and every possible unrepeated time
versus distance data pair, creating an approximately normal
distribution of velocity results. After clipping the distribution
for outliers outside the intentionally broad velocity range of
2000 to 4000 m/s (6500 to 13000 ft/s), the mean of the
remaining distribution was used as the wave velocity estimate.
An overly broad velocity range was used to avoid clipping
any plausible velocity estimates. This improved method is
schematically illustrated in Fig. 4(b).
The proposed distribution method of velocity estimation
was applied to the previously introduced example bridge deck
dataset. Because the velocity estimation stage occurs after the Fig. 5: Recomputed thickness profile using same dataset in Fig. 3.
collection of data, the same raw collected data were processed Test No. 1 and Test No. 2 present ultrasonic estimated thickness
again using the new velocities. The deck thickness profile (using distribution velocity algorithm); the dashed orange line
results using the improved velocity estimation method are represents target design thickness; and the blue line represents ruler
shown in Fig. 5. The solid square and the hollow diamond measurements in fresh concrete at the locations indicated by the
points represent the first and second measurement paths across blue diamond markers

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 61

locations. The target thickness value only falls within the
expected ultrasonic prediction band at locations where the
slab rests on the underlying girder; it is plausible that the
ultrasonic results interpret the composite deck-girder system
as a thicker concrete deck. With the improved agreement
between the repeated measurements, the results of the
investigation led to increased resolution and confidence in the
deck thickness estimates and the conclusion that the deck
thickness is indeed less than the minimum design value.
Conclusions
Ultrasonic shear wave arrays are an emerging and
promising nondestructive inspection tool to investigate the
condition of concrete elements. Although promising, the
technology and data analysis schemes need improvement to
enable broader and more effective application. Operators and
engineers can benefit from understanding the observed
limitations of the technology, and the assumptions within the
analysis schemes that are implemented within the system.
The accuracy of the commercial ultrasonic shear wave
arrays for the estimation of concrete slabs thickness was
investigated. The ultrasonic array thickness measurement
compared to a mechanical caliper, assuming a 95% confidence
Collaborate.
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Gain ideas and best practices for quick
implementation.
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62 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
interval, generated an error of ±20 mm for a nominal 228 mm
concrete slab, or approximately 9% of the total thickness. The
confidence interval is important to consider when deploying
the current generation of shear wave array devices for
detailed detection tasks.
Because the SAFT image processing procedure uses
averaged wave signals over some area, the wave velocity used
in those calculations is a vital parameter. Accurate estimates
of wave velocity are needed to produce the clearest and most
accurate image reconstructions. The new algorithm introduced
here, distribution velocity estimation, uses a statistical
distribution of measured velocity values to improve the
prediction of thickness measurements on a bridge deck. Using
the distribution velocity estimation method reduced the 95%
confidence interval for thickness measurement to ±9 mm for
a nominal 228 mm concrete slab—about 4% of the total
design thickness.
Applying the distribution velocity estimation algorithm
to measured bridge deck thickness reduced the average
repeatability error by 57% and improved confidence in the
measured data. It also demonstrated a possibility of
obtaining the true thickness of a concrete bridge deck without
destructive coring.
 The algorithm evaluation work presented in this article was
performed using an open-source framework for processing the
collected ultrasonic array data. This framework was developed
with the intention of encouraging other practitioners,
engineers, and researchers to contribute ideas for additional
robust processing techniques. These algorithms are freely
available at https://github.com/Jabittner/openSAFT.
Acknowledgments
This publication is based on the results of research project ICT-R27-146,
“Ultrasonic Imaging for Concrete Infrastructure Condition Assessment
and Quality Assurance.” ICT-R27-146 was conducted in cooperation
with the Illinois Center for Transportation; the Illinois Department
of Transportation, Office of Program Development; and the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. The
authors would like to acknowledge ACI Committee 228, Nondestructive
Testing of Concrete, for their support through the James Instruments
NDT Award, to Salvador Villalobos, and to the blind peer reviewers for
their constructive support and suggestions.
Disclaimer
The contents of this publication reflect the view of the authors, who are
responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein.
The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of
the Illinois Center for Transportation, the Illinois Department of
Transportation, or the Federal Highway Administration. This publication
presentation does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
References
1. ACI Committee 228, “Report on Nondestructive Test Method
for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures (ACI 228.2R-13),” American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2013, 82 pp.
2. Fitch, J.P., Synthetic Aperture Radar, C.S. Burrus, ed., Springer-
Verlag, New York, 1988, 170 pp.
3. Smith, S.W., The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal
Processing, California Technical Publishing, San Diego, CA, 1997, 626 pp.
4. De La Haza, A.O.; Samokrutov, A.A.; and Samokrutov, P.A.,
“Assessment of Concrete Structures Using the Mira and Eyecon
Ultrasonic Shear Wave Devices and the SAFT-C Image Reconstruction
Technique,” Construction and Building Materials, V. 38, Jan. 2013,
pp. 1276-1291.
5. Langenberg, K.-J.; Marklein, R.; and Mayer, K., Ultrasonic
Nondestructive Testing of Materials: Theoretical Foundations, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, FL, 2012, 772 pp.
6. White, J.; Hurlebaus, S.; Shokouhi, P.; and Wimsatt, A., “Use
of Ultrasonic Tomography to Detect Structural Impairment in Tunnel
Linings Validation Study and Field Evaluation,” Transportation Research
Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, V. 2407, Dec. 2014,
pp. 20-31.
7. Hoegh, K.; Khazanovich, L.; and Yu, H.T., “Ultrasonic Tomography
Technique for Evaluation Concrete Pavements,” Transportation Research
Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, V. 2232, Dec. 2011,
pp. 85-94.
8. Popovics, J.S.; Roesler, J.R.; Bittner, J.; Amirkhanian, A.N.; Brand,
A.S.; Gupta, P.; and Flowers, K., “Ultrasonic Imaging for Concrete
Infrastructure Condition Assessment and Quality Assurance,” Research
Report No. FHWA-ICT-17-007, Illinois Department of Transportation,
Springfield, IL, 2017, 146 pp.
9. van Ginneken, B., and Mendrik, A., “Image Denoising with
K-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Regression,” Proceedings of the
18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR’06), V. 3,
2006, pp. 603-606.
Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.
ACI member James A. Bittner is a
PhD Candidate in the Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering
at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign, Urbana, IL. His research
interests include nondestructive
characterization of materials, ultrasonic
imaging of heterogeneous material
formations, and intelligent sensing
aggregation. His current research is focused on dynamic
behaviors of porous infrastructure materials. He was a corecipient
of the 2016 ACI-James Instruments Student Award for Research
on NDT of Concrete. He received his BS in civil engineering from
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, and his MS in civil
engineering from the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
ACI member Agustin Spalvier is a PhD
Student in structural engineering at the
Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo,
Uruguay. He worked as a structural
engineer before starting his graduate
studies. His research interests are
focused on the nonlinear behavior and
characterization of concrete materials
under stress. He was a corecipient of
the 2016 ACI-James Instruments Student
Award for Research on NDT of Concrete. Spalvier received his
civil engineering degree from the Universidad de la Republica,
Montevideo, Uruguay, in 2012, and his MS in civil engineering
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2015.
John S. Popovics, FACI, is a Professor in
the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering at the University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. He is Chair of ACI
Committee 228, Nondestructive Testing
of Concrete, and past Chair of the ACI
Publications Committee. He is a member
of ACI Committees 123, Research and
Current Development; 215, Fatigue of
Concrete; and 444, Structural Health Monitoring. He is a licensed
professional engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. His
research interests include testing, sensing, and imaging concrete
structures.
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 63
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Calcium Sulfoaluminate
Cement
Benefits and applications

by Robert J. Thomas, Marc Maguire, Andrew D. Sorensen, and Ivan Quezada

C
alcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements were first
introduced around 1960,1 and they have been
produced at industrial scale in China—where they are
known as the Third Cement Series—since the 1970s.
Nevertheless, they have only recently emerged on the North
American market as a high-early-strength, potentially
sustainable alternative to portland cement. This article
provides an overview of the unique features and benefits of
CSA cement, the durability of CSA cement concrete, and
ongoing and potential applications within the concrete industry.
Composition and Chemistry
The chemical composition of CSA cement is very different
from that of portland cement and other common cementitious
and pozzolanic materials (Fig. 1). The oxide composition of
portland cement is dominated by calcium oxide (CaO), silica
(SiO2), and, to a lesser extent, alumina (Al2O3). In cement
chemistry terminology, these oxides are present in the form of
alite (C3S), belite (C2S), aluminate (C3A), and ferrite (C4AF);
refer to Table 1. These compounds hydrate in the presence of
water, forming calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium
hydroxide (also known as CH, portlandite, or slaked lime).
CSA cements are richer in alumina and poorer in calcium
oxide and silica than portland cement; they are also abundant
in sulfate (SO3). These oxides appear mainly in the form of
Ye’elimite (C4A3Ŝ or Klein’s compound, after Alexander
Klein), belite, ferrite, and calcium sulfate. The latter is often
inter-ground with CSA clinker in the form of gypsum or
anhydrite at 15 to 20% by mass, which is significantly higher
than the 3 to 5% typically added to control early hydration of
C3A in portland cement clinker. The main reaction products
are ettringite (C6AŜ3H32), amorphous aluminate, and
monosulfate (C4AŜH18).4-6 The relative abundance of
ettringite depends on the sulfate content of the cement, and

SiO2 Table 1:
Typical phase composition of CSA and portland
Silica cements (% mass)4-11
Fume
Type of portland cement
I II III IV V CSA
F
C3S
Fly Ash Alite
55 50 60 30 35 —

C C2S
20 25 20 50 45 0 to 20
Belite
Slag
Natural C3A
10 <8 10 5 5 —
Pozzolans Aluminate
Portland C4AF
7 10 7 12 10 5 to 15
Cement Ferrite

CSA C4A3Ŝ
— — — — — 50 to 60
Lime Ye’elimite
CŜH2
CaO A12O3 Gypsum
2 to 3 15 to 25
Fig. 1: Oxide composition of CSA and other common cementitious CŜ
Anhydrite
materials (% by mass)2,3

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 65

Fig. 2: Precipitation of ettringite in CSA cement (image courtesy of CTS
Cement)
Fig. 3: ASTM C403/C403M14 setting times for CSA mortar with citric
and boric acid retarders (Note: w/cm = 0.40; admixture dosage by
mass of cement)
therefore on the amount of added calcium sulfate.4
The amount of added calcium sulfate also affects the water
demand for CSA hydration.4 Powers and Brownyard12 showed
that complete hydration of portland cement requires a
water-cementitious materials ratio (w/cm) near 0.42. Complete
hydration of CSA cement can require w/cm as high as 0.78.13
However, the inclusion of belite or other phases in commercial
CSA cements may reduce the overall water demand. Many
researchers report success with water dosages comparable to
those used for portland cement (that is, 0.35 to 0.5).1,4,5,7,8,13
Ettringite precipitates in a needle-like form (Fig. 2) and its
formation at very early age contributes to rapid strength
development. Ettringite often has a negative connotation for
66 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Fig. 4: Typical compressive strength development in CSA and portland
cement concretes (normalized by 28-day compressive strength)
many practitioners, who associate it with one of two related
deleterious effects—delayed ettringite formation or false set.
The former is discussed in more detail later in this article. The
latter refers to the early formation of ettringite during hydration
of portland cement, which results in premature slump loss. In
CSA cements, this rapid ettringite formation is advantageous
as it contributes significant early-age strength development.
Setting Time and Strength Development
The rapid crystallization of ettringite in hydrating CSA
cements leads to very short setting times. At low water
dosages, initial setting times of 10 minutes or less can be
expected. As in portland cement, increased water dosage and
reduced temperature can extend working times. Citric acid is
effective as a retarding admixture, as shown in Fig. 3. Boric,
gluconic, and tartaric acids have also shown promise as
retarding admixtures.9 With sufficient admixture dosages, cool
mixing temperatures, and sufficient water dosage, setting
times of around 1 hour can be achieved. Nevertheless, setting
times in CSA cements are sometimes prohibitively short, and
setting times longer than 1 hour are difficult to achieve.
Developing effective retarding admixtures is therefore one of
the main research needs related to CSA cements.
As the needle-like ettringite crystals precipitate, they form
a dense interlocking matrix, which produces considerable
early-age strength. As shown in Fig. 4, the rate of strength gain
of concrete produced using CSA cement is extremely fast, even
compared to mixtures made with Type III high-early-strength
portland cement. Mixtures produced with CSA cements gain
about 50% of their ultimate strength within a few hours and
about 90% of their ultimate strength within the first 3 days.
Ultimate compressive strengths of at least 10,000 psi (68.9 MPa)
are easily attained.
Durability
CSA cement pastes, mortars, and concretes seem to exhibit
good durability in comparison with portland cement-based
materials, although the available information is limited. The
rapid precipitation of ettringite in CSA cement pastes forms a
dense microstructure with low porosity and permeability.8,13
As a result, the freezing-and-thawing durability is good.13
Some evidence suggests that the resistance to chloride ion
penetration is also very good, although there is some
disagreement in the literature.4,15,16 There is a need for more
research in this area.
The volume stability of CSA cement is the result of the
expansive precipitation of ettringite. This is the same
mechanism by which Type-K cements (which are blends of
portland cement, CSA, calcium sulfate, and lime) derive their
shrinkage-compensating properties. The volume stability
therefore depends on the relative abundance of ettringite in
the reaction product which, in turn, depends on the amount of
calcium sulfate interground with the clinker.4,5,10 An optimum
addition of calcium sulfate may exist (perhaps near 25%4), at
which the CSA reaction product is volumetrically stable. The
reaction product is expansive above this optimum and will
shrink below it.4 Furthermore, higher water demand in CSA
cement4,6,13 means that CSA cements may exhibit autogenous
shrinkage, even in mixtures with relatively high water content.
This is evidenced by the authors’ previously unpublished data
(Fig. 5), which also indicates that internal curing with
saturated lightweight aggregate can at least partially mitigate
this problem.
The resistance of CSA cements to acid attack has not been
studied. However, due to the absence of lime and reduced
alkalinity,13 CSA cements are less prone to alkali-silica
reaction than portland cement.18-20 It should be noted that,
while the pore solution alkalinity is less in CSA than in
portland cement, it is still sufficient to form a passive layer on
embedded steel reinforcement.13 CSA cement concrete
carbonates at about the same rate as portland cement concrete.4,6
Finally, the high sulfate content of CSA cement ensures that
the reaction products cannot accommodate additional sulfate
ions. Because the reaction products contain neither lime nor
surplus aluminates (that can react with sulfate contaminants),
CSA cement concretes are highly resistant to sulfate attack.4,15
Lastly, the high rate of hydration in CSA cements results in
rapid pore structure refinement, so many of the discussed
durability properties are realized from a very early age.
Production, Sustainability, and Economy
In China, industrial-scale production of CSA cement has
been underway for several decades—production exceeded
1 million tons (907,200 tonnes) per year by the early 2000s.4
CSA cements are produced by clinkering in traditional rotary
kilns. Raw materials can include limestone, gypsum, and
Fig 5: ASTM C169817 autogenous shrinkage in CSA mortar. Internal
curing (IC) was achieved using 100% replacement of fine aggregate
with saturated lightweight fine aggregate
alumina-rich bauxite. A variety of repurposed industrial and
municipal wastes are also appropriate as feedstocks.11 Using
materials such as incinerated municipal waste, recycled
alumina, red mud (bauxite tailings), and flue gas
desulfurization byproduct (synthetic gypsum) reduces the
depletion of natural resources and diverts waste from landfills.21
The clinker phases in CSA cement form at lower
temperatures1,4,7,13,21 than those in portland cement (1250 to
1350°C versus 1450°C [677 to 732°F versus 788°F]). This,
combined with the inclusion of up to 20% calcium sulfate
(which requires no pyroprocessing), reduces the energy demand
for manufacturing CSA cements by up to 60% relative to
portland cement. Because the feedstock and clinker phases are
much lower in calcium oxide, the carbon emissions due to
calcination are reduced by 30 to 50%. Increased friability in
CSA clinker also reduces grinding energy requirements.1,4,11,21
The market price for CSA cement in North America in
2017 is about four times the market rate for Type I/II portland
cement. A portion of the price differential can be explained by
economy of scale; even the millions of tons of CSA produced
in China per year are a mere fraction of portland cement
production. More significant, however, are the increased
quality control demands for CSA cement production. CSA
cements are more sensitive to changes in chemical
composition, which necessitates more frequent and extensive
quality assurance testing. The increased material cost
associated with CSA cement can be offset—at least in
part—by reductions in construction costs (associated with
rapid strength gain) and improved service life.22 Although
CSA cement is still perceived as a niche product, there are
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 67

Fig 6: Placing CSA cement concrete using a volumetric mixer (photo
courtesy of CTS Cement)
producers and distributors on six continents, including at least
three major producers in North America. Several leading
international cement manufacturers have undertaken corporate
efforts to bring CSA cement products to a wider market.
These efforts, combined with increased research into
applications, are expected to greatly increase the market share
of CSA cement in coming years.
Applications
CSA cements and similar materials (for example, Type-K
cement) can be used as additives to ordinary portland cement
to improve volume stability or accelerate setting times. The
present discussion is not concerned with the use of CSA as an
additive or mineral admixture, but instead focuses on CSA
cement as the primary binder in concrete.
The rapid setting and strength gain in CSA cements make
them well suited to infrastructure repair applications. The
California Department of Transportation (CalTrans) has
employed CSA-based materials in pavement repair for at least
a decade.22 Because short setting times can be problematic for
ready mixed concrete applications, these repairs are often
completed using on-site mixing in volumetric mixers (Fig. 6).
The Port of Seattle used CSA-based materials for extensive
pavement rehabilitation at the Seattle-Tacoma International
Airport in 1995. CSA cement-based materials can easily meet
the “4x4 requirement” (4000 psi [27.6 MPa] in 4 hours) of
rapid repair media; consequently, the use of CSA cements in
68 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
pavement repair is becoming increasingly common.23
Another potential use for CSA cement is in precast
concrete. Precasters typically mix concrete on site, so short
setting times are less of a hindrance than in other ready mixed
concrete operations. In fact, the rapid hydration and strength
gain provided by CSA cements could reduce the need for
steam curing and increase bed turnover by significant margins.
Lastly, the resistance of CSA cement to sulfate attack also
suggests an immunity to biogenic sulfide corrosion, indicating
that there should be potential applications in wastewater
infrastructure. This market could include precast as well as
site-cast products.
Conclusions and Future Directions
Despite high cost relative to portland cement, CSA cement
offers several important benefits such as:
•• Rapid hydration and high early strength without the use of
chemical admixtures or steam curing;
•• Lower carbon footprint and embodied energy compared
with ordinary portland cement; and
•• Potentially good durability.
Currently, CSA cement concrete is employed in a
relatively limited capacity (primarily as a rapid pavement
repair material), but further applications will likely be
realized soon. The primary barrier to widespread application
of CSA cement within the concrete industry is difficulty
extending the setting time beyond 1 hour, which hinders its
use in ready mixed concrete batch plants. Effective retarders
for CSA cement hydration remain the most significant
research need in this area.
References
1. Hargis, C.W.; Telesca, A.; and Monteiro, P.J.M., “Calcium
Sulfoaluminate (Ye’elimite) Hydration in the Presence of Gypsum,
Calcite, and Vaterite,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 65, Nov. 2014,
pp. 15-20.
2. Lothenbach, B.; Scrivener, K.; and Hooton, R.D., “Supplementary
Cementitious Materials,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 41, No. 12,
Dec. 2011, pp. 1244-1256.
3. Burris, L.E.; Alapati, P.; Moser, R.D.; Ley, M.T.; Berke, N.; and
Kurtis, K.E., “Alternative Cementitious Materials: Challenges and
Opportunities,” Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures,
SP-305, M.A. Chiorino, L. Coppola, C. Mazzotti, R. Realfonzo, and
P. Riva, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2015,
pp. 27.1-27.10.
4. Glasser, F.P., and Zhang, L., “High-Performance Cement Matrices
Based on Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Belite Compositions,” Cement and
Concrete Research, V. 31, No. 12, Dec. 2001, pp. 1881-1886.
5. Péra, J., and Ambroise, J., “New Applications of Calcium
Sulfoaluminate Cement,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 34, No. 4,
Apr. 2004, pp. 671-676.
6. Winnefeld, F., and Lothenbach, B., “Hydration of Calcium
Sulfoaluminate Cements – Experimental Findings and Thermodynamic
Modeling,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 40, No. 8, Aug. 2010,
pp. 1239-1247.
 7. Coumes, C.C.D.; Courtois, S.; Peysson, S.; Ambroise, J.; and Pera, 23. Guan, Y.; Gao, Y.; Sun, R.; Won, M.C.; and Ge, Z., “Experimental
J., “Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Blended with OPC: A Potential Study and Field Application of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement for
Binder to Encapsulate Low-level Radioactive Slurries of Complex Rapid Repair of Concrete Pavements,” Frontiers of Structural and Civil
Chemistry,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 39, No. 9, Sept. 2009, Engineering, V. 11, No. 3, Sep. 2017, pp. 338-345.
pp. 740-747.
8. García-Maté, M.; Santacruz, I.; De la Torre, á.G.; León-Reina, Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.
L.; and Aranda, M.A.G., “Rheological and Hydration Characterization
of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Pastes,” Cement and Concrete
Composites, V. 34, No. 5, May 2012, pp. 648-691.
9. Zajac, M.; Skocek, J.; Bullerjahn, F.; and Haha, M.B., “Effect of ACI member Robert J. Thomas is a
Retarders on the Early Hydration of Calcium-Sulpho-Aluminate (CSA) Postdoctoral Research Associate in the
Type Cements,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 84, June 2016, Department of Civil and Environmental
pp. 62-75. Engineering at Utah State University
10. Telesca, A.; Marraccoli, M.; Pace, M.L.; Tomasulo, M.; Valenti, (USU), Logan, UT. His research focuses
G.L.; and Monteiro, P.J.M., “A Hydration Study of Various Calcium on development and characterization
of novel and advanced materials to
Sulfoaluminate Cements,” Cement and Concrete Composites, V. 53,
improve sustainability in the concrete
Oct. 2014, pp. 224-232.
industry. Thomas is a member of ACI
11. Xu, L.; Wu, K.; Li, N.; Zhou, X.; and Wang, P., “Utilization of
Committee 123, Research and Current Developments. He
Flue Gas Desulferization Gypsum for Producing Calcium Sulfoaluminate
received his PhD in civil engineering from Clarkson University,
Cement,” Journal of Cleaner Production, V. 161, 2017, pp. 803-811.
Potsdam, NY, in 2016.
12. Powers, T.C., and Brownyard, T.L, “Studies of the Physical
Properties of Hardened Portland Cement Pastes,” ACI Journal
Marc Maguire is an Assistant Professor
Proceedings, V. 43, No. 9, Dec. 1946, pp. 469-504. in the Department of Civil and
13. Bernardo, G.; Telesca, A.; and Valenti, G.L., “A Porosimetric Environmental Engineering at USU. His
Study of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Pastes Cured at Early Ages,” research has focused on concrete, in
Cement and Concrete Research, V. 36, No. 6, June 2006, pp. 1042-1047. all of its manifestations, and he was
14. ASTM C403/C403M-16, “Standard Test Method for Time the 2017 Precast/Prestressed Concrete
of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance,” ASTM Institute Educator of the Year. His recent
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, 7 pp. research has focused on accelerated
15. Dachtar, J., “Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement as Binder for bridge construction, rapid concrete
Structural Concrete,” PhD dissertation, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, repair, and partially composite sandwich wall panel behavior.
UK, 2004, 232 pp. He received his PhD in civil engineering from Virginia Tech,
16. Jen, G.; Stompinis, N.; and Jones, R., “Chloride Ingress in a Blacksburg, VA, in 2013.
Belite-Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Matrix,” Cement and Concrete
Research, V. 98, Aug. 2017, pp. 130-135. Andrew D. Sorensen is an Assistant
17. ASTM C1698-09, “Standard Test Method for Autogenous Strain Professor in the Department of Civil
of Cement Paste and Mortar,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, and Environmental Engineering at USU.
2009, 8 pp. His research focuses on the behavior
of cementitious infrastructure and
18. Zang, L.; Su, M.; and Wang, Y., “Development of the Use of
building materials under extreme and
Sulfo- and Ferroaluminate Cements in China,” Advances in Cement
multi-hazard loading events as well
Research, V. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1999, pp. 15-21.
as providing improved, sustainable
19. Quillin, K., “Performance of Belite-Sulfoaluminate Cements,”
materials for their repair. He received his
Cement and Concrete Research, V. 31, No. 9, Sept. 2011, pp. 1341-1349.
PhD in architectural engineering from the
20. Juenger, M.C.G.; Winnefeld, F.; Provis, J.L.; and Ideker, J.H.,
University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, in 2009.
“Advances in Alternative Cementitious Binders,” Cement and Concrete
Research, V. 41, No. 12, Dec. 2011, pp. 1232-1243. Ivan Quezada is a PhD Student in the
21. Arjunan, P.; Silsbee, M.R.; and Roy, D.M., “Sulfoaluminate- Department of Civil and Environmental
Belite Cement from Low-Calcium Fly Ash and Sulfur-rich and Other Engineering at USU. His PhD work
Industrial Byproducts,” Cement and Concrete Research, V. 29, No. 8, is focused on rapid repair media for
Aug. 1999, pp. 1305-1311. concrete pavements. He received his
22. Wang, T.; Lee, I.S.; Harvey, J.; Kendall, A.; Lee, E.B.; and Kim, C., MS in structural engineering from USU
“UCPRC Life Cycle Assessment Methodology and Initial Case Studies in 2014.
on Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions for Pavement Preservation
Treatments with Different Rolling Resistance,” Research Report:
UCPRC-RR-2012-02, Caltrans, Sacramento, CA, 2012, 1144 pp.

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 69

Hey PEs:
need year-end
continuing
education
ASAP?
As the year comes to a close, professional engineers seeking continuing
education credits should look no further than the on-demand courses in
the online ACI University. Over 130 courses are available 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, on topics including ACI 301-16, 318-14, 562-16, and more.
ACI members can even use their member credits to take most of the
courses for free. Learn more at www.ACIUniversity.com.

UNIVERSITY
www.ACIUniversity.com
Products &
Practice
Rapid Refloor
Rapid Refloor is a 100% solid, two component, low
viscosity structural polyurea/polyurethane hybrid used for
repairing cracks and small imperfections, such as bolt holes
and pop-outs, in industrial, retail, or commercial concrete
floors. Its rapid set chemistry allows the floor to return to
service in 30 minutes or less. Rapid Refloor is designed for
use on concrete floors where final building temperatures are
32 to 120°F (0 to 49°C).
—Metzger McGuire, www.metzgermcguire.com
EcoCorr
Cortec’s EcoCorr™ water-based rust
preventative powered by Nano VpCI® is used
for temporary indoor protection of equipment
and components. When applied to metal
surfaces by dipping, brushing, or spraying,
EcoCorr forms a clear dry film that is suitable
for robotic assembly of precision machined
components. In most cases, the dry film of
EcoCorr does not interfere with use and does
not need to be removed, but this can be easily
done when required.
—Cortec Corporation, www.cortecvci.com
Terex Bid-Well 2418 Work Bridge
The Terex® Bid-Well 2418 work bridge
positions concrete finishers close to the
surface of bridge decks, linings, and pavement
slabs, directly behind paving machines. The
work bridge has a 24 in. (610 mm) wide
walkway, and its 18 in. (457 mm) deep truss
frame is designed to fit over barrier wall steel
on bridge decks. Available in 3, 6, and 12 ft
(1, 2, and 7 m) truss inserts, the Bid-Well 2418
work bridge meets a variety of operating
widths up to 105 ft (32 m).
—Terex Corporation, www.terex.com
TopGard Pipe Bollard Caps
TopGard pipe bollard caps provide a class A form
finish. The TopGard pipe bollard cap is comprised of a
proprietary 5000 psi (34 MPa) concrete mixture
reinforced with micro fibers. Available for 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,
and 12 in. (101, 127, 152, 203, and 305 mm) diameter
pipe bollards, the patent-pending wet set design can be
installed in 10 seconds. The TopGard cap can also be
retrofitted to existing pipe bollards.
—TopGard, www.topgardcap.com
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 71
Products & Practice

PC210LCi-11 Intelligent Machine Control

PROSOCO Enviro Klean DriKlean
PROSOCO’s Enviro Klean® DriKlean removes stains
from masonry substrates. It can be applied by spraying,
rolling, or brushing. DriKlean safely removes dust, soot,
oils, and other surface soiling from limestone,
sandstone, marble, travertine, plaster, terra-cotta,
concrete, mortar, or brick. The cleaner and soiling easily
peel off after drying. DriKlean is low-toxicity and
low-odor, and can be used for interior applications.
—PROSOCO, www.prosoco.com
Hydraulic Excavator
Komatsu America’s PC210LCi-11 is a hydraulic
excavator with intelligent machine control technology
integrated into the base machine. The PC210LCi-11
features three-dimensional (3-D) capabilities using Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology. Because
the technology is tied into the machine hydraulics through
stroke-sensing hydraulic cylinders, positioning latency is
minimized and work equipment functions can be
automated. Intelligent guidance features, such as facing
angle compass and minimum distance bucket control, are
accessible with a 12.1 in. (307.3 mm) touchscreen display.
—Komatsu America Corp., www.komatsuamerica.com
Vertigraph SiteWorx/OS Version 9.0 Cut and
Fill Software
Vertigraph’s SiteWorx/OS Version 9.0 software is a tool for
surface modeling and quantity takeoff of excavation
quantities. With the on-screen digitizing software for site
excavation, users can easily import DWG objects, isolate
layers, snap to vector file contour lines, and create GPS data
for site layout. The version 9 software improvements include
auto trace features that allow users to take off contour lines
from raster files, export as a DWG file the surface model
points, export the takeoff from a PDF file as an AutoCAD
DWG file for machine control, and display the existing and
proposed elevations with the cut and fill depths at any location
on the three-dimensional surface model.
—Vertigraph, Inc., www.vertigraph.com

Simpson Strong-Tie Composite Strengthening System

Simpson Strong-Tie’s fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix
(FRCM) can repair, protect, and strengthen concrete and masonry
structures. The FRCM externally bonded Composite Strengthening
System™ combines high-performance sprayable mortar with a
carbon-fiber grid and creates a thin structural layer without
significantly increasing the structure’s weight or volume. The
lightweight matrix is ideal for overhead or vertical surface applications
in structures such as tunnels, mines, parking garages, silos, bridges,
and other buildings with large surface areas. A single, 1 in. (25 mm)
layer provides sufficient structural strengthening without
substantially constricting tight spaces or adversely affecting facility
operations. Further strengthening can be obtained as necessary
through the application of additional 1/2 in. (13 mm) layers.
—Simpson Strong-Tie, www.strongtie.com

72 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

 Products & Practice

Web Notes
Orion Labs App Talk
Orion Labs App Talk is a new talk button feature that turns the Orion mobile application into a walkie-talkie. This
enables iOS users of Onyx and subscribers of Orion Pro to roll out push-to-talk communication and enhance voice-based
automation across workforces. App Talk allows Orion users to talk to bots and access other productivity-enhancing
features. These bots and features help users to use voice commands to search internal and external systems or trigger
business processes. Examples include Orion Translator, which enables instant speech translation in up to 67 languages;
Retail Bot, which allows workers to check inventory and request deliveries with voice commands; Panic Bot, which
empowers workers to use voice commands to initiate emergency processes; and IFTTT, which integrates Orion with
Google Assistant and Alexa, smart home devices, and other productivity apps.
—Orion Labs, www.orionlabs.io

Book Notes
Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16
by Gary Y.K. Chock, S.K. Ghosh, Michael O’Rourke, and T. Eric Stafford
Copublished by ASCE Press and International Code Council, Significant Changes to the Minimum Design Load Provisions
of ASCE 7-16 highlights noteworthy developments within the design load provisions of the newest edition of ASCE 7. The
authors summarize and explain the major differences between ASCE 7-10 and 7-16. Topics include general requirements and
load combinations; dead and live loads; snow, rain, and ice loads; earthquake loads; wind loads; and new tsunami guidelines.
This volume describes more than 100 changes, and it includes an explanation of the rationale behind each change, along with a
detailed analysis of its implications. The explanations include photographs, diagrams, and other visual aids.
—American Society of Civil Engineers, www.asce.org
—International Code Council, www.iccsafe.org

Products&Service
Literature&Videos
QUIKRETE®’s how-to videos (www.quikrete.com/athome/videos.asp) help users view and understand building
or repair projects before starting. QUIKRETE identified the most popular concrete projects last year, based on nearly
12.5 million views. The ten most popular videos were:
1. How to Pour and Finish Concrete;
2. How to Build a Paver Patio;
3. How to Set Posts without Mixing;
4. How to Build a Concrete Block Wall;
5. How to Build Deck Footings;
6. How to Repair Concrete Cracks;
7. How to Resurface Concrete;
8. How to Install Stucco;
9. How to Install Veneer Stone; and
10. How to Build a Block Wall without Mortar.
—The QUIKRETE Companies, www.quikrete.com

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 73

Product
Showcase
Cleaning Equipment & Tools
Bosch GDE18V-16 Cordless HEPA Dust
Collector
Bosch’s GDE18V-16 Professional dust collector for
the Bosch GBH18V-26 rotary hammer provides a
dust-free, OSHA-compliant environment for workers.
The collector attaches to the rotary hammer and has its
own motor that is supplied with power by the rotary
hammer battery. The dust extraction module
automatically starts at the same time as the rotary
hammer and continues to function for 2 seconds after
drilling ends to provide optimal dust extraction. The
integrated HEPA filter provides reliable dust protection
and is easy to empty and clean.
—Bosch, www.bosch.com

WaleTale Vacuum Attachment

The WaleTale Vacuum Attachment snaps onto the rim of 5, 3-1/2, or 1 gal. (19, 13, or 4 L) buckets and is used in
conjunction with wet-dry vacuums during mixing of concrete, mortar, and grout mixtures. The WaleTale prevents
dust from escaping from the top of the bucket and allows safe mixing indoors.
—WaleTale, www.waletale.net

E-Z Drill Dust Collection System

E-Z Drill’s Dust Collection System uses the same air
compressor as the concrete dowel drill to collect dust directly
from drilled holes and store it in a collector. The system
features a dust boot that mounts to the end of the bit guide,
where the bit penetrates the concrete. This allows the vacuum
system to take in dust at the closest point possible,
maximizing the amount of dust the system captures and
reducing exposure. Each unit features either a 600 or 900 mm
(24 or 35 in.) filter to trap dust particles. E-Z Drill’s dust
collection systems meets the OSHA Table 1 requirements.
The Dust Collection System can be purchased with any new
E-Z Drill model or retrofitted onto existing units.
—E-Z Drill, www.ezdrill.com

74 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com

 Product Showcase

Vortabrush Concrete Hole Cleaning System

The brush and forced air system cleans debris from
concrete holes drilled for adhesive anchors in one easy
step. Vortabrush is available in sizes ranging from 3/4 to
1-1/2 in. (19 to 38 mm). Vortabrush replacement units can
be used with either air or water attachments. For extra-
deep concrete holes, the Vortabrush Extension adds 18 in.
(457 mm) to the brush reach. To clean wet or damp holes,
the water nozzle attachment is used. The “brush and flush”
action of the attachment removes paste that coats the
inside of the drilled hole. VortaVac can be used in
conjunction with Vortabrush and an approved silica dust
vacuum system. The VortaVac is placed over the drilled
hole, attached to the end of a vacuum hose, and the
Vortabrush is put through the top of the VortaVac down
into the hole. After the vacuum system is turned on, the
Hilti Water Management System DD-WMS 100
VortaVac collects the dust generated by the Vortabrush.
Users can keep jobsites clean and maintain a constant
—R/R Custom Clean LLC, www.vortabrush.com
pressurized cooling water supply with Hilti’s DD-WMS 100
Water Management System. The system’s water tank can be
filled at a convenient location, and its large wheels and
convenient handle make it easy to move it into position for
coring. During coring, slurry is captured in multi-layer filter
bags for later disposal. The filtered water can be recycled up
to seven times, allowing the unit to supply about 30 gal. (114 L)
of cooling water on a single filling. The unit can also be used
in a vacuum cleaning mode for final cleaning. The DD-WMS
100 is OSHA 1926.1153 Table 1-compliant and suitable for
wet diamond applications.
—Hilti, Inc., www.hilti.com

Aquajet Systems Aqua Spine

Aquajet Systems’ Aqua Spine allows hydrodemolition on
surfaces that may be inaccessible for an Aqua Cutter robot.
The spine is a multi-modular system with a single feed
beam. It can be positioned directly on concrete by anchor
bolts or supported by carriers such as hydraulic platforms,
cranes, and scaffolding. The spine comes with two
interchangeable rail systems. The smaller Dual rail system
works best in confined areas when connected to a
scaffolding’s multiple attachment points. The Triple rail
system is used when the Aqua Spine is placed horizontally
or is free standing. It works well for spans of up to 19 ft (6 m).
The Aqua Spine is controlled by an Aqua Cutter robot or
standard Power Control Unit.
—Aquajet Systems AB, www.aquajet.se

www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 75

Industry
Focus
H&C Product Data Available through ARCOM’s
Software Platforms
H&C® Decorative Concrete Products (a Sherwin-Williams
Corp. brand) made its product data and customized
specifications available through ARCOM’s software
platforms. ARCOM and H&C worked together to create
customized versions of MasterSpec® sections to accurately
specify the products. Along with these specification sections,
H&C’s product catalog and data sheets are easily accessible.
PROSOCO and CONPROCO Announce
Training Alliance
Restoration Training Collaborative is a cooperative training
program for the restoration industry that is available at
locations nationwide. Jointly developed by CONPROCO and
PROSOCO, the training includes a balance of classroom
learning and hands-on training exercises. Participants will
learn masonry restoration basics, including stone
identification, staining mechanisms, chemical cleaning
methods, surface preparation, patching procedures, masonry
repair, and stone consolidation.
Schwing Acquires Loop Belt Industries
Schwing America acquired the assets of Loop Belt Industries,
makers of truck-mounted telescopic conveyors. Loop Belt
products include 33 and 40 m (108 and 131 ft) truck-mounted
telescopic conveyors, a tractor-trailer-mounted 40 m conveyer,
and a tower-mounted conveyor for stationary applications.
Along with the asset purchase, Schwing has hired Loop Belt
Industries President Joseph Gallione as Senior Product
Engineer and Operations Support Manager. He will continue to
lead the Loop Belt product line in its current operating model.
KYOCERA Acquires Power Tool Business
from RYOBI
Kyocera Corporation acquired an 80% interest in Kyocera
Industrial Tools Corporation, an enterprise established from
the company split of Ryobi Limited’s power tool business
under a share transfer agreement. Through the acquisition,
Kyocera aims to promote diversification and further expansion
of its industrial tools business.
Topcon’s Connectivity Enhancements with
Bentley Systems
Topcon Positioning Group enhanced its direct
communication between the Bentley Systems design
applications and the Topcon suite of software solutions with
the release of MAGNET® 4.3.1. The MAGNET Enterprise
Data Manager allows operators to directly access Bentley
ProjectWise data with MAGNET Field, MAGNET Office, or
76 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
MAGNET Enterprise applications. The integration is designed
to simplify data transfer from design to field, with the ability
to read and import only the data users need for their projects.
Allen Engineering Corporation Opens
Distribution Center and Training Facility
Allen Engineering Corporation (AEC) opened its new
34,000 ft2 (3200 m2) Distribution Center and 4500 ft2 (400 m2)
Training Facility at its factory and headquarters. This new
distribution facility combines three separate warehouse
locations into one. The facility also includes new offices for
AEC logistics, product support, and quality management.
Beazley Launches Tailored Professional
Liability Coverage
Beazley’s ContractorPro offers tailored professional
liability coverage for large-sized U.S. construction contractors
with annual turnover typically in excess of $100 million. In
addition to covering first- and third-party professional liability
and pollution risks, ContractorPro includes protection in the
event a subcontractor’s liability insurance is exhausted or fails
to respond to the contractor’s own claim. Cover is written on a
surplus lines basis, enabling clients to benefit from the Lloyd’s
chain of security, with limits up to $25 million available.
ContractorPro is a complementary offering to DevelopPro,
Beazley’s professional liability offering for developers and
owners of construction projects.
Blastrac Global Announces the Acquisition of
Skidabrader
Blastrac® Global, Inc., submitted a letter of intent to
acquire Skidabrader. Skidabrader’s large fleet of 1000
horsepower shot blast machines can quickly transform slick,
but structurally sound, pavement by texturing the surface. The
company started in 1979 as Humble Equipment Co. in
Humble, TX. Early “prototype” machinery was used for
concrete overlay projects, routinely preparing a mile (1.6 km)
a day of 24 ft (7 m) wide roadway. Most of these overlay
projects are still in use today.
ASCC Partners with CEA
The American Society of Concrete Contractors (ASCC)
partnered with the Construction Employers Association (CEA)
to provide ASCC contractor members services for silica
sampling from SGS Galson, an industrial hygiene laboratory.
The program is designed to develop an industry-wide database
of silica sampling information that can be used by participating
members to develop an objective database of information
concerning the type of mitigation activities and controls
needed to comply with OSHA’s new crystalline silica rule.
What’s
New from
TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
ACI 216.1M-14: Code Requirements for
Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and
Masonry Construction Assemblies (Metric)
This standard contains design and analytical procedures for
determining the fire resistance of concrete and masonry
members and building assemblies.
ACI 301S-16: Specifications for Structural
Concrete—Spanish Language
This is a Reference Specification that the Architect/
Engineer can apply to any construction project involving
structural concrete by citing it in the Project Specifications.
ACI 315R-18: Guide to Presenting Reinforcing
Steel Design Details
This document guides designers of concrete structures how
to determine information and design details that are required
to prepare reinforcing steel fabrication details and placing
drawings.
ACI 369.1M-17: Standard Requirements for
Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing
Concrete Buildings (369.1) and Commentary
(Metric)
This standard provides retrofit and rehabilitation criteria for
reinforced concrete buildings based on results from the most
recent research on the seismic performance of existing
concrete buildings.
ACI UNIVERSITY ONLINE COURSES
On-Demand Course: Sulfate Attack on Concrete
Learning Objectives
1. Identify laboratory tests—concrete specimen or mortar bar
tests—that measure volume expansion in specimens in sulfate
environments over different time periods—short-term and
long-term tests.
2. Describe mechanisms that initiate internal and external
sulfate attack that cause deterioration or expansion in concrete.
3. Explain the characteristics of different sulfate attacks—
ettringite sulfate attack, physical sulfate attack, and thaumasite
sulfate attack.
4. Describe effects of tested blended cement mortar bars and
cements with supplementary cementitious materials including
fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin, and cement slag, with regards
to sulfate attack deterioration over long-term testing.
Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
On-Demand Course: ACI 364 TechNotes on
Repair and Rehabilitation (Part 1)
Learning Objectives
1. Identify reasons for cracks in concrete repair overlays and
patches used to repair deteriorated concrete slabs-on-ground
and pavements.
2. Describe characteristics of properties of durable concrete
patch repair material with respect to properties of repaired
concrete substrates, including modulus of elasticity.
3. Explain methods to demolish and remove partial-depth
damaged concrete from substrate while minimizing bruising
or microfractures in otherwise sound substrate.
4. Describe environmental conditions that promote corrosion
process of reinforcing steel and describe steps that engineers
need to perform to restore corrosion damaged concrete to
serviceability.
Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
On-Demand Course: ACI 364 TechNotes on
Repair and Rehabilitation (Part 2)
Learning Objectives
1. Identify types of chemical grouts and methods of applying
grouts to repair concrete liquid containment cracks.
2. Describe method to test actual pH levels of floor slabs and
how high pH levels on slab surfaces affect adhesives placed
under floor coverings.
3. Explain the chemical process that could cause more
corrosion on reinforcing bars near chloride-free patches that
are used to fill and rehabilitate partial depth deteriorated
concrete members
4. Explain and summarize different shear strengthening
methods on concrete members to improve existing shear
capacities.
Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
On-Demand Course: Concrete with
Recycled Materials Using Recycled Concrete
Aggregates (Part 2)
Learning Objectives
1. Demonstrate how to evaluate concrete mixtures with
various waste by-product and recycled materials.
2. Identify the properties of concrete that are affected by using
RCAs.
3. Identify examples of successful projects where concrete
made with recycled materials performed adequately.
4. Describe emerging technologies in concrete produced with
recycled materials and its application in civil infrastructures.
Continuing Education Credit: 0.1 CEU (1 PDH)
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 77
On the
Move
ACI member R. Jon Grafton joined the Precast/
Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) as Director of Operations
Services. He has more than 30 years of experience in the
precast, prestressed concrete industry. Grafton previously
served as Manager of Business Development at Oldcastle
Precast, developing design-build projects and new products.
He has been a member of several PCI committees, recently
serving as Chair of the Transportation Activities Council and
on the PCI Board of Directors. He will serve as the Staff
Liaison to the Business Performance Council. He received his
BS in engineering (civil/structural) from the University of
Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
ACI member Emily Lorenz, PCI Director, Sustainability
and Publications, was elected Chair of ASTM Committee
E60, Sustainability. She will serve a 2-year term as Chair.
Lorenz is a member of ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of
Concrete; Joint ACI-TMS Committee 122, Energy Efficiency
of Concrete and Masonry Systems; Joint ACI-ASCE
Committee 550, Precast Concrete Structures; and various ACI
130 Subcommittees.
ACI member Rex Pless, Co-Founder and Business
Leader of Bennett & Pless, retired from the company. Pless
joined Moe Bennett’s firm E.M. Bennett in 1967, and
quickly became Co-Owner and President. The two renamed
the firm Bennett & Pless. Pless served as President of ACEC
and Chairman of the Structural Committee of the Georgia
Building Code. Additional affiliations include Consulting
Engineers Council of Georgia, American Institute of Steel
Construction, and Callanwolde Foundation in DeKalb
County, GA.
Honors and Awards
Franz N. Rad, FACI, received The George Hoffmann
Award from Portland State University, Portland, OR. This
annual award recognizes faculty members who have made
distinguished contributions to the University in instruction,
university service, and scholarship. Serving on the faculty for
46 years, Rad has developed/taught 17 different courses and
initiated/developed seven civil engineering labs. He was
elected seven times as Head of the Civil Engineering
Department. Rad has served as Principal or Co-Principal
Investigator of 20 funded research projects and has authored
or co-authored over 90 publications. He served leadership
roles for the Oregon Chapter – ACI and the Structural
Engineers Association of Oregon. Rad has served as
Representative of the Pacific Coast Region Civil Engineering
Department Heads on the National ASCE Council for 6 years.
He is the Arthur M. James Professor of Structural
78 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Grafton Lorenz Rad
Engineering, the first Professorship in the Maseeh College of
Engineering and Computer Science, Portland, OR, and a
member of the Academy of Distinguished Alumni at The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
The American Concrete Pavement Association presented
its 2017 Hartmann-Hirschman-Egan Award to Michael I.
Darter, Principal Engineer with Applied Research Associates,
Inc., and Professor Emeritus of the University of Illinois.
Darter was recognized for his innovation, leadership,
teaching, and mentoring in the field of civil engineering, as
well as for his advancement of technology that has resulted in
countless numbers of high-quality concrete pavements. He
was also awarded the Swedish Concrete Award 2017 by the
Swedish Concrete Association for his outstanding
contributions to the development of the art of concrete
pavements. Darter has been involved in transportation
infrastructure engineering and management throughout his
entire 40-year career. He received his MSc and PhD from
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and The University of
Texas at Austin, respectively.
John A. (Jack) Hayes, President of Loadtest, Inc.,
presented the DFI 2018 Osterberg Memorial Lecture at
IFCEE 2018 on March 8, 2018, in Orlando, FL. The Osterberg
Memorial Lecture and Award was established in honor of
Jorj O. Osterberg to recognize innovations in deep
foundations construction related to engineering design,
testing, or education. Hayes was recognized for his work with
Osterberg cell (O-cell) load tests. He has been involved with
administration, project development, specification, field
assembly and installation, instrumentation, testing, analysis
and reporting of O-cell load testing. Loadtest has performed
over 1000 O-cell bi-directional load tests during his tenure.
Hayes received his BSc in civil engineering from Queens
University, Kingston, ON, Canada, and his DIC in post
graduate studies in soil mechanics from Imperial College,
London, UK. He is a licensed professional engineer and a
member of ASCE.
Calls for
Papers
Structural Health Monitoring of Intelligent
Infrastructure
Meeting: 9th International Conference on Structural
Health Monitoring of Intelligent Infrastructure (SHMII-9),
August 4-7, 2019, in St. Louis, MO; organized by Missouri S&T.
Solicited: SHMII-9 will address the theme of “Transferring
Research into Practice.” Abstracts and papers are solicited to
report research on emerging technologies, approaches to
facilitate technology transfer, and the unique field
demonstrations of existing and new technologies. Preference
will be given to papers focused on transferring research into
practice. Visit https://shmii-9.mst.edu for more information.
Deadline: Abstracts are due by June 1, 2018.
Technical inquiries: Genda Chen, SHMII-9 Conference
Chair, e-mail: gchen@mst.edu, telephone: +1.573.341.4462.
Sustainable Construction Materials and
Technologies
Meeting: Fifth International Conference on Sustainable
Construction Materials and Technologies (SCMT5), July 14-17,
2019, Kingston University London, Kingston Hill Campus,
Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK; sponsored by Coventry
University, the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Center for
By-products Utilization, and local hosts.
Solicited: Technical themes are efficient and sustainable
use of construction materials, technological advances for
sustainable practice, designing structures and building for
sustainability, and regulatory framework and government
initiatives. Visit www.scmt.org.uk for more information.
Requirements: Abstracts of 200 to 300 words as a
Microsoft Word file are invited.
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by June 30, 2018; final
papers are due by March 11, 2019.
Send to: kingstonuniversityeventsSEC@kingston.ac.uk.
Notable Concrete in Las Vegas and Vicinity
Document: Compendium of notable concrete in Las Vegas and
vicinity for e-publication at The ACI Concrete Convention and
Exposition – Fall 2018 in Las Vegas, NV, October 14-18, 2018;
compiled by ACI Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics and
co-sponsored by the Las Vegas Chapter – ACI, AIA Las Vegas/
AIA Nevada, and SEASoN. The document will also be available
as an electronic file on the ACI website, and may be excerpted in
Calls for Papers: Submission Guidelines
Calls for papers should be submitted no later than 3 months prior to the
deadline for abstracts. Please send meeting information, papers/presentations
being solicited, abstract requirements, and deadline, along with full contact
information to: Keith A. Tosolt, Managing Editor, Concrete International,
e-mail: keith.tosolt@concrete.org. Visit www.callforpapers.concrete.org for
more information.
Concrete International. Images submitted will be stored and
available as electronic files on the ACI website and may be used in
ACI educational and promotional materials. Exceptional images
may merit placement on the cover of Concrete International.
Solicited: Image and brief description of notable concrete
(cast-in-place, precast, post-tensioned, masonry, or tilt-up) in all
types of uses—buildings, monuments, pavement, silos, bridges,
crypts, furniture, retaining walls, utility poles, tanks, sculpture,
culverts, plazas, and whatever else has caught your attention.
Significance may be historical, aesthetic, sustainable, functional,
structural, construction-related, unusual use or application, or
simply personal affection.
Requirements: 1) Name and location of submission; 2)
image (photograph, drawing, or sketch) that is not copyrighted;
3) brief description that establishes significance and lists credits;
and 4) submitter’s name, title, organization, city and state,
telephone, and e-mail address. Location information should
include zip code. Submit all information in electronic format:
image as JPG or TIFF file at least 1 MB (but no more than 4
MB); text in e-mail or as Microsoft Word document (120 words
maximum). No PDF files, please.
Deadline: Materials are due by July 1, 2018.
Send to: Michael J. Paul, Larsen & Landis, 11 W. Thompson
St., Philadelphia, PA 19125, mpaul@larsenlandis.com.
Prestressed Concrete with Conventional and
Nonconventional Materials
Meeting: Technical session on “Prestressed Concrete with
Conventional and Nonconventional Materials” at The ACI
Concrete Convention and Exposition – Fall 2019, October 20-24,
2019, Cincinnati, OH; sponsored by ACI Committee 345,
Concrete Bridge Construction, Maintenance, and Repair.
Solicited: The special session will focus on the recent
advancement of prestressed concrete for bridges and structures
using conventional and nonconventional materials. Presentations
and technical papers will include the conceptual development of
innovative prestressed concrete, laboratory experiments,
numerical modeling, and case studies. State-of-the-art
prestressing techniques and nonconventional materials such as
fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to address the
sustainable performance of concrete members will also be
considered. An ACI Special Publication will be published.
Requirements: 1) Presentation/paper title; 2) author/
speaker name(s), title, affiliation, and contact information; and
3) an abstract of 200 words.
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by July 31, 2018; final papers
are due by November 30, 2018.
Send to: Yail Jimmy Kim, University of Colorado Denver,
e-mail: jimmy.kim@ucdenver.edu; and Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi,
Saitama University, e-mail: mutuyosi@mail.saitama-u.ac.jp.
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 79
Meetings
APRIL
5-7 - 2018 TMS Spring Meeting, New Orleans, LA
https://masonrysociety.org/meetings/2018-tms-spring-meeting
16-18 - Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance
Prediction, Doha, Qatar
www.am3p.com
19-21 - Structures Congress 2018, Fort Worth, TX
www.structurescongress.org
APRIL/MAY
29-1 - 16th International Congress of Polymers in
Concrete (ICPIC2018), Washington, DC
http://icpic2018.unm.edu
MAY
6-9 - PTI Convention 2018, Minneapolis, MN
www.post-tensioning.org/page/PTI-Convention
6-10 - 60th IEEE-IAS/PCA 2018 Cement Conference,
Nashville, TN
www.cementconference.org
24-26 - 2018 Construction History Society of America
(CHSA) Biennial Meeting, College Park, MD
www.constructionhistorysociety.org/2018-chsa-biennial-meeting
THE CONCRETE CONVENTION AND
EXPOSITION: FUTURE DATES
2018 — October 14-18, Rio All-Suite Hotel &
Casino, Las Vegas, NV
2019 — March 24-28, Quebec City Convention
Centre and Hilton Quebec
Quebec City, QC, Canada
2019 — October 20-24, Duke Energy Convention
Center and Hyatt Regency Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH
For additional information, contact:
Event Services, ACI, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Telephone: +1.248.848.3795
www.concrete.org/events/conventions.aspx
80 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
JUNE
4-6 - International Workshop on Calcium Sulfoaluminate
Cements, Murten, Switzerland
https://events.empa.ch/Aktuelle%20Veranstaltungen/Tagungen/
event.php?vnr=84-106
5-8 - International Conference on Deep Foundations and
Ground Improvement, Rome, Italy
www.dfi.org/dfieventlp.asp?13310
6-7 - 2nd International Workshop on Durability and
Sustainability of Concrete Structures, Moscow, Russia
www.aciitaly.com/events/dscs2018
19-22 - 13th International Symposium on Concrete
Roads (ISCR), Berlin, Germany
www.concreteroads2018.com
25-26 - Final Conference of RILEM TC-253 MCI
(Microorganisms-Cementitious Materials Interactions),
Toulouse, France
https://rilem-mci2018.sciencesconf.org
25-29 - 11th National Conference on Earthquake
Engineering, Los Angeles, CA
https://11ncee.org
27-29 - SuperPile ’18, New York, NY
www.dfi-superpile.org
JULY
9-11 - 10th International Masonry Conference (IMC),
Milan, Italy
www.10imc.com
18-20 - Sixth International Conference on Durability of
Concrete Structures (ICDCS 2018), Leeds, UK
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/icdcs2018
19-22 - ASCC Concrete Executive Leadership Forum,
Park City, UT
www.ascconline.org/events
ACI Industry Events Calendar:
For more information and a listing of additional upcoming events, visit
www.concrete.org/events/eventscalendar.aspx. To submit meeting
information, e-mail Lacey Stachel, Editorial Coordinator, Concrete
International, at lacey.stachel@concrete.org.
Sinopsis en español
Pedestal de la antena de concreto reforzado
Saldua, B.P.; Dodge, E.C.; Kolf, P.R.; y Olson, C.A.,
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 4, abril de 2018,
págs. 40-45
Se usaron ensayos no destructivos para evaluar la
consolidación de concreto en un pedestal de antena
recientemente construido en el Complejo de Comunicaciones
del Espacio Profundo de Canberra en Australia. Las
evaluaciones se basaron en ensayos de respuesta al impulso,
tomografía ultrasónica de onda de cortante, ensayos de
núcleos y observaciones visuales. La obra mostró que los
ensayos de respuesta al impulso permiten la identificación
rápida y confiable de defectos significativos. El programa de
reparación consecuente se resume.
Premios al Proyecto ICRI 2017
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 4, abril de 2018,
págs. 47-55
Los Premios del Proyecto del International Concrete
Repair Institute (ICRI, por sus siglas en inglés) 2017 fueron
presentados en la Convención de Otoño de ICRI en New
Orleans, LA. El programa de premios reconoce proyectos
sobresalientes en la industria de reparación de concreto. El
Proyecto de Restauración del Alcatraz Quartermaster
Building, San Francisco, CA, ganó el Premio al Proyecto del
Año 2017. La reparación de concreto y membrana
impermeable del Harvard Towers Parking Garage, Cambridge,
MA, y las reparaciones de Chase Field, Phoenix, AZ, fueron
los finalistas del Proyecto del Año.
Get Connected with ACI
Visit www.concrete.org
Imágenes internas de elementos concretos
Bittner, J.A.; Spalvier, A.; y Popovics, J.S., Concrete
International, V. 40, No. 4, abril de 2018, págs. 57-63
El método de matriz de ondas de cortante ultrasónico es
una tecnología emergente de ensayo mecánica no destructiva
que proporciona visualizaciones de la estructura interna de los
miembros de concreto. Los autores revisan la aplicación del
método, demuestran un ejemplo de aplicación de campo del
ensayo no destructivo y proponen mejoras al procedimiento
de análisis de datos existente del método para las mediciones
de espesor de la plataforma de concreto.
Cemento de sulfoaluminato de calcio
Thomas, R.J.; Maguire, M.; Sorensen, A.D.; y Quezada, I.,
Concrete International, V. 40, No. 4, abril de 2018,
págs. 65-69
En el mercado de América del Norte, el cemento de
sulfoaluminato de calcio (CSA, por sus siglas en inglés) se
usa principalmente como un material de reparación de
pavimento rápido. Este artículo brinda una descripción
general de las características y beneficios únicos del cemento
CSA, la durabilidad del concreto de cemento CSA y las
aplicaciones actuales y potenciales dentro de la industria del
concreto.
www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 81
2018 ACI Membership Application
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Advertiser
Index
April CI Advertisers CI Advertisers in the 2018
For more information, contact: Concrete Product &
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Network Media Partners +1.410.584.8487 Service Guide
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www.concreteinternational.com | Ci | APRIL 2018 83

Concrete
Q&A
Minimum Concrete Cover for
Balconies with PT Cables
Q. What cover depth should be used for balconies
with post-tensioned (PT) and mild
reinforcement? I’m designing a condominium
on the Florida coast, and it has balconies that are extensions
of a PT slab. The PT tendons serve as primary reinforcement
for the balconies, so should my specification indicate concrete
cover per Table 20.6.1.3.1 or Table 20.6.1.3.2 of ACI 318-14?1
Furthermore, if I specify the cover per either, do the
tolerances listed in Table 26.6.2.1(a) apply?
A.
Because your balconies are prestressed, you can
require cover per Table 20.6.1.3.2, which
specifies a minimum cover of 1 in. (25 mm) for
members exposed to weather or in contact with ground.
However, it would be prudent to consider additional cover
beyond the minimum requirements in Table 20.6.1.3.2 to
provide protection of reinforcing bars.
It’s particularly important to have adequate cover on the
reinforcement because the balconies will be in a warm,
humid, coastal environment. In addition to exposure to
chlorides and moisture from seawater spray, the balcony
Standard on Detailing of
Concrete Reinforcement
Q. I have been informed that ACI 315-99, Details
and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement,1 has
been superseded. Which ACI document serves
as a replacement to this standard?
A. ACI 315-99 has been withdrawn and replaced by
ACI 315R-18, Guide to Presenting Reinforcing
Steel Design Details.2 This new document
provides guidance to designers on presenting reinforcing steel
design details so that a reinforcing steel detailer can prepare
fabrication details and placing drawings. However, as a guide,
ACI 315R-18 is not written in a mandatory language and you
84 APRIL 2018 | Ci | www.concreteinternational.com
Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents and have
been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members of ACI technical
committees. The answers do not represent the official position of an ACI
committee. Comments should be sent to rex.donahey@concrete.org.
extensions on the floor slabs will create thermal bridges that
could increase the incidence of condensation and raise the
moisture content in the concrete. Balconies are difficult to
repair, so it makes sense to avoid corrosion of the
reinforcing bars.
Your construction documents must also specify tolerances,
and the cover tolerances should be at least as stringent as
those indicated in Table 26.6.2.1(a). However, although
Commentary Provision R26.6.2 states that more restrictive
tolerances provided in ACI ITG-72 may be desirable for
prestressed concrete, note that ITG-7 applies only to precast
concrete produced in a factory. The cited tolerances would be
difficult to achieve in cast-in-place concrete.
References
1. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14),” American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014, 519 pp.
2. ACI Innovation Task Group 7, “Specification for Tolerances for
Precast Concrete (ACI ITG-7-09),” American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2009, 37 pp.
cannot simply cite the document in the project specification. If
you need to refer to specific sections of the document, you must
copy them into the construction documents and convert the text
into mandatory language.
References
1. ACI Committee 315, “Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforce-
ment (ACI 315-99),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
1999, 44 pp.
2. Joint ACI-CRSI Committee 315, “Guide to Presenting Reinforc-
ing Steel Design Details (ACI 315R-18),” American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2018, 50 pp.
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