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Source:http://praag.org
Source:https://www.arrivealive.co.za/Safety-from- Source:http://corsafetydemo.corsafety.ca
Fire-at-our-Homes
Fire
• There is a natural balance between combustible materials and
oxygen in the environment. Fire protection involves all aspects
of the design in order to ensure
– a reasonable degree of protection of human life and infrastructure
from fire and its products of combustion.
– The reduction of potential loss from fire (i.e. human life and personal
property, information, organizational operations etc.).
Source: https://www.arrivealive.co.za/Safety-from-Fire-at-our-Homes
Fire
• Fire is the rapid oxidation of a
material through the exothermic
chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, gases and
various reaction products.
– Other slower oxidative processes
include rusting or digestion.
landscape:
– Fires commonly occur during the
dry summer months in the Western
Cape, and the dry winter months in
the rest of the country.
– Approximately 3.2 percent (1 600
000) of the country’s population
suffers from burn injuries each
year.
Fire
• Most of the fires that occur in buildings are generally small
and can be easily extinguished.
– Fires are started by small high temperature sources such as sparks
from defective electrical equipment and wiring; welding operations;
matches; cigarettes etc. igniting easily combustible materials.
Flash over
point
Source:http://www.paroc.com/knowhow/fire/general-information-about-fire
Fire
• The duration and intensity of a fire are dependant on the
type and quantity of combustible material present.
– Combustible materials are substances that readily ignite, burn,
support combustion, or release flammable vapours.
– Non-combustible materials are substances that will not ignite, burn,
support combustion, or release flammable vapours when subject to
fire or heat, in the form in which they are used and under conditions
anticipated.
• It is assessed through standard test methods e.g. ASTM E-136, Standard
Test Method for Behaviour of Materials, materials are placed in a Vertical
Tube Furnace at 750 degree C.
– Energy/Heat release rates from combustion depend on the nature of
the burning material, the size of the fire, and the amount of air
available.
– The calorific value or heat of combustion (MJ/kg) is the amount of
heat released following the complete combustion of a unit mass of a
substance.
• calorific value of timber is 18 MJ/kg, coal 27-31MJ/kg, natural gas (NTP)
38.1MJ/kg and plastic 40MJ/kg.
Fire Protection
• Construction materials are chosen based on their application,
engineering properties, quality, cost etc., and in some cases the
materials must meet set fire resistant criteria.