VALLIAMMAIENGINEERINGCOLLEGE

SRMNagar,Kattankulathur– 603203

DEPARTMENTOF

ELECTRONICSANDCOMMUNICATIONENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

IISEMESTER

EC8251-CIRCUITANALYSIS

Regulation– 2017

AcademicYear2017–18
Preparedby

Ms. S.Surabhi, Assistant Professor(O.G)/ECEMr.

A. Anbarasan,AssistantProfessor(O.G)/ECE

Mr. G. MuraliKrishna, AssistantProfessor(O.G)/ECE

1
 VALLIAMMAIENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
SRMNagar,Kattankulathur– 603203.

DEPARTMENT OFELECTRONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT :EC8251– CIRCUITANALYSIS

SEM/ YEAR: II / Iyear B.E.

UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITSANALYSISANDNETWORKTOPOLOGY

Ohm’sLaw–Kirchhoff’slaws–
MeshcurrentandnodevoltagemethodofanalysisforD.CandA.C.circuits-Networkterminology-
Graphofanetwork-Incidenceandreducedincidencematrices–Trees–Cutsets-
Fundamentalcutsets-Cutsetmatrix–Tiesets-LinkcurrentsandTiesetschedules-
TwigvoltagesandCutsetschedules,Dualityanddualnetworks.
PART – A
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
1. State Ohm’slaw. BTL 1 Remembering

2. What is Kirchoff’s Current law? BTL 1 Remembering

3. State Kirchoff’s voltagelaw. BTL 1 Remembering

4. Define(a) Graphand(b) Cutset. BTL 1 Remembering

5. List the dualpairsand saywhat Dualityis? BTL 1 Remembering

6. Recalltree,co-tree, twig and link. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Summarize the basicmeshanalysis procedure. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Outline incidenceandreduced incidencematrices. BTL 2 Understanding

9. Explain the relationbetweenVo,VTandVN. BTL 2 Understanding

10. Illustrate link currentandtie setmatrix BTL 2 Understanding

11. CalculateRifI=-2µAandV=-44V. BTL 3 Applying

Develop agraph correspondingto BTL 3 Applying
thegivenIncidencematrix.
A=[[-1 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0],
12. [0 -1 0 0 0 0 -1 +1],
[0 0 -1-1 0 -1 0 -1],
[0 0 0 0 -1+1 0 0],
[+1 +1+1+1 0 0 0 0]]

2
 Calculate thenumberof branchesandnodes in the BTL 3 Applying
givenfigure.

13.

Examinethe current drawn byalamp ratedat BTL 4 Analyzing

14.
250V,40Wconnected toasupplyof 230V.
Evaluate the currentthrough the resistorR3in the BTL 4 Analyzing
circuitgiven below.

15.

Analyze thegivenfigureand find the voltage at load. BTL 4 Analyzing

16.

20 lamps areconnectedinseriesand has a resistance of25Ω. BTL 5 Evaluating

17. Determine the totalresistance of theset of lamps andhence
thecurrenttaken from a supplyof 230V.
Estimatethe powerdeliveredand the currentI, ifa25Ω BTL 5 Evaluating
18.
resistance has a voltage of150V.
Formulatef-cutsetmatrixandobtainKCLforthecut-setfor BTL 6 Creating
19.
givengraph.

3
 DesignDual circuit forthe givenfigure. BTL 6 Creating

20.

PART – B
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
Schematizethe dualnetworkof the givencircuitandexplain BTL 6 Creating
its procedure. (16)

1.

Describetheconceptofdualityanddualpairs.Alsostatethepro BTL 1 Remembering

2. cedure followedtointerchangebetweendualpairs.(16)

Stateincidencematrixanditsproperties.Alsodescribethe BTL 1 Remembering

3.
relationshipbetweenKCLand incidencematrix.(16)
Analyzethegivenelectricalnetworkanddrawitstopologicalgr BTL 4 Analyzing
aph,writeitsincidencematrix,tie-
4.
setmatrix,linkcurrenttransformationequationandbranchcur
rents.(16)

4
 i) ExplainFundamentalcut- BTL 2 Understanding
setmatrixusingsuitableexample. (6)
ii) For the givennetwork,trace the orientedgraph
andall possible trees. Also prepareincidencematrix,
f-tie-set matrix, f cut-set matrix. (10)

5.

Predict the voltageVABin the circuit shown below. (16) BTL 2 Understanding

6.

UsingOhm’slawandKirchoff’slawonthecircuitgivenbelow, BTL 2 Understanding

identifyVin,VsandthePowerprovidedbythedependentsource
7.
s. (16)

5
 Assessthecurrentdeliveredbythesourceinthecircuitshown BTL 5 Evaluating
below. (16)

8.

i) ExplaintheprocedureinvolvedinMeshcurrentmetho BTL 3 Applying

d. (8)
9.
ii) CalculatetheCurrentsuppliedby60Vsourceinthe
given networkusingmesh currentmethod.(8)

6
 i) ListtheprocedureinvolvedinNodevoltagemethod. BTL 1 Remembering
(8)
ii) Examinethegivennetworkusingnodevoltagemetho
dandfindtheCurrentsuppliedby60Vsource (8)

10.

Solvethenetworkofgivenfigurebyusingloopanalysis.Usethei BTL 3 Applying

ncidencematrixoftheloop (tie-setmatrix). (16)

11.

Estimatethecurrentinvariousbranchesingivenfigureusingm BTL 4 Analyzing

12.
esh analysis. (16)

7
 Using Nodal analysisanalyzethe givencircuitandestimate BTL 4 Analyzing
current in allbranches. (16)

13.

8
 i) Definethefollowingterms:a)Graphb)Treec)Cut- BTL 1 Remembering
setd)Tie-
sete)Twigf)linksg)incidencematrixh)reduced
incidencematrix. (8)
ii) Forthegivengraph,identifytheloopincidencematrixa
ndthebranchcurrents in terms oftheloop currents.
(8)

14.

UNIT II-NETWORKTHEOREMSFOR DC AND AC CIRCUITS

Networktheorems-
Superpositiontheorem,Thevenin’stheorem,Norton’stheorem,Reciprocitytheorem,Millman’stheorem,andMaximumpowertra
nsfertheorem,applicationofNetworktheorems-Networkreduction:voltageandcurrent division,sourcetransformation–
stardeltaconversion. PART A
Q. No Questions BT Level Competence
1. DefineSuperpositiontheorem. BTL1 Remembering

2. EvaluateThevenin’stheorem. BTL5 Evaluating

3. DiscussabouttheNorton’stheorem. BTL2 Understanding

4. Whatis Reciprocitytheorem? BTL1 Remembering

5. ApplyMillman’stheoremand findthecurrentthrough 1Ω resistor. BTL3 Applying

9
6. Estimatethe currentthrough 5Ω resistor byusing SuperpositionTheorem BTL6 Creating

7. Showthat how to findthe Vocand Rthinthevenin’stheorem? BTL1 Remembering

8. Determine theNorton’s equivalent circuit across terminals AB forthe circuit BTL5 Evaluating
shown in figure.

9. Inspect the Millman’stheorem. BTL4 Analyzing

10. Listout the limitations of Reciprocitytheorem. BTL1 Remembering

11. Infer theMaximum powertransfer theorem. BTL2 Understanding

12. Develop division of current in parallel circuit. BTL3 Applying

13. Indicate thedivision of voltage in series circuit. BTL2 Understanding

14. Differentiate between series andparallel circuits. BTL4 Analyzing

15. Howwillyou convert thecurrent sourceto voltagesource? BTL1 Remembering

16. Convert the voltage sourceinto current source BTL2 Understanding

17. Composethe expressionforstar to delta transformation BTL6 Creating

18. Howwillyoutransforma set of identical resistors connected inΔ to Y BTL3 Applying

10
19. Find the value ofthe effective resistance betweenA and B? BTL1 Remembering

20. SimplifythegivenΔ networkto starconnectionnetwork BTL4 Analyzing

PART – B
1. Demonstrate the principle of superpositiontheorem, find the current in 10Ω BTL 4 Analyzing
resistor ofthe network shown in figure. (16)

2. Explain the thevenin’sequivalentcircuit forthe networkshown below. BTL 2 Understanding

(16)

11
3. Modifythecircuit shownin figure, find the currentthroughthe30Ω loadresistor BTL 6 Creating
usingNorton’s theorem. (16)

4. Definereciprocitytheoremand findI3forthecircuit shown below. (16) BTL 1 Remembering

5. DiscussaboutSuperpositiontheorem and find thecurrentthrough(2+j5) Ω BTL 2 Understanding

impedance. (16)

6. Infer thecurrent in the loadimpedance (ZL) usingMillman’s theorem (16) BTL 2 Understanding

12
7. Find the currentthroughbrancha-b usingThevenin’stheorem in the circuit BTL 1 Remembering
shown below. (16)

8. Estimatethe loadresistance forMaximum poweracross it as shown in figure. BTL 5 Evaluating

(16)

9. Point out the maximumpowertransferred to theload ZLin thecircuit of figure. BTL 4 Analyzing

(16)
10. If20V is applied acrossAB, in the circuit of figure,calculate the total current,the BTL 4 Analyzing
powerdissipated in eachresistorand the valueof theseriesresistance tohalve the
totalcurrent. (16)

13
 11. Solve thefollowingnetwork and find the total currenttaken from the source. BTL 3 Applying

(16)
12. Produce the expression for Delta to star conversion. (16) BTL 3 Applying
13. In thecircuit, sixresistorsareconnected to formΔ and aY.Find theeffective BTL 1 Remembering
resistance between(a)Aand B(b) AandN. (16)

14. For thecircuit shown in figure,find the equivalentresistance usingstar- BTL 1 Remembering
deltatransformation. (16)

UNIT III-RESONANCEAND COUPLED CIRCUITS

Resonance-Seriesresonance-Parallelresonance-Variationofimpedancewithfrequency-
VariationincurrentthroughandvoltageacrossLandCwithfrequency–Bandwidth-Qfactor-Selectivity.Selfinductance-
Mutualinductance-Dotrule-Coefficientofcoupling-Analysisofmultiwindingcoupledcircuits-
Series,Parallelconnectionofcoupledinductors
-Singletuned anddoubletunedcoupledcircuits 14
 PART–A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. What is meanbyResonance? BTL1 Remembering

2. Defineseries resonanceand draw itscircuit diagram. BTL1 Remembering

3. Writethe expressionfor theresonant frequencyofRLCseriescircuit. BTL2 Understanding

4. Identifythe selectivityofa resonantcircuit. BTL1 Remembering

5. Estimatethe expressionfor maximum energystored in inductor. BTL2 Understanding

6. Analyze thefrequencyresponse of RLCseriesandparallel circuit. BTL4 Analyzing

7. Interpret thebandwidth of aresonant circuit. BTL3 Applying

8. Find the expressionformaximum energystoredin capacitor. BTL1 Remembering

9. Simplifythe term halfpowerfrequencies? BTL4 Analyzing

10. A circuithas the resonantfrequencyof 60Hzand lower half- BTL2 Understanding

powerfrequencyof 40Hz.Identifyits bandwidth?

11. What are coupledcircuits? BTL1 Remembering

12. Howwillyourecognize the selfinductancein acircuit. BTL1 Remembering

13. Determine the mutual inductance. BTL5 Evaluating

14. Interpret theterm co-efficient of coupling. BTL3 Applying

15. Formulatetheexpressionforco-efficient of coupling. BTL6 Creating

16. Writethe importance ofdot rule forcoupledcoils. BTL5 Evaluating

17. Draw thefrequencyresponseof asingletuned circuits BTL4 Analyzing

18. Construct thedouble tunedcoupledcircuits. BTL3 Applying

19. Twocoupledcoils withL1=0.02HL2=0.01Hand K=0.5 are connected BTL2 Understanding

inseries aidingarrangement.Predict itsequivalentinductance.
20. Construct the expressionforeffective inductanceof BTL6 Creating
twoparallelconnectedmagneticallycoupled coils.
PART–B
1. Find the expressionforresonant frequencyinRLC seriescircuit. (16) BTL1 Remembering

Discuss the bandwidth ofa series RLC circuitasafunction of BTL2 Understanding

2.
resonantfrequency. (16)
Interpret theexpressionfor the following: BTL3 Applying
3.
(i) Half power frequencies (6)
15
 (ii) Selectivity (6)
(iii) Qualityfactorand its effect on bandwidth (4)
AseriesRLCcircuithasR=10Ω,L=0.54HandC=40µF.Theappliedvoltageis100 BTL6 Creating
V.Find(i)resonantfrequency(ii)qualityfactor(iii)upperhalfpowerfrequency(i
4.
v)lowerhalfpowerfrequency(v)bamdwidth(vi)volatgeacross inductance
atresonance. (16)
5. Develop the expression for resonance in parallelA.C circuits. (16) BTL3 Applying

For theparallel networkshown in figure, identifythe value ofR BTL1 Remembering

forresonance.

6.

(16)
Formulatetheexpressionfor theresonant frequencyforthecircuit shownin BTL6 Creating
figure below. (16)

7.

Examinethe relationbetween self-inductance andmutualinductance of BTL4 Analyzing

8.
thecoupledcircuits. (16)
9. Howwillyou evaluatetheConductivelycoupled coils? (16) BTL5 Evaluating

Twocoilsconnectedinserieshaveanequivalentinductance of BTL4 Analyzing

10H.Whentheconnectionsofonecoilisreversed,theeffectiveinductanceis6H.If
10.
theco-efficientofcouplingis0.6,calculatetheself-
inductanceofeachcoilandmutualinductance. (16)
Twoidenticalcoupledcoilsinserieshasanequivalentinductanceof0.080Hand0. BTL1 Remembering
0354Hwhenconnectedinseriesaidingandseriesopposing.Findthevaluesofthei
11.
nductance,mutualinductanceandco-efficientofcoupling. (16)

12. Compare the termsingletuned circuit with doubletuned circuit. (16) BTL2 Understanding

Acoilhavinganinductanceof100mHismagneticallycoupledtoanothercoilhavi BTL2 Understanding

13. nganinductanceof900mH.Thecoefficientofcouplingbetweenthecoilsis0.45.P
redicttheequivalentinductnaceifthetwocoilsare
16
 connectedini)Seriesaidingii)Seriesopposingiii)Parallelaidingiv)Parallel
opposing (16)

14. Analyze theperformanceof doubletuned circuit. (16) BTL4 Analyzing

UNIT IV-TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

Naturalresponse-Forcedresponse-TransientresponseofRC,RLandRLCcircuitstoexcitationbyStepSignal,ImpulseSignal
andexponentialsources-CompleteresponseofRC,RL and RLCCircuits tosinusoidalexcitation.
PART A
Q. No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Definetransient response. BTL6 Creating

2. What is the time constantof RLC circuit? BTL1 Remembering

3. Point out the importance of naturalfrequency. BTL4 Analyzing

4. Definetime constant ofRC circuit BTL1 Remembering

5. SelectfewapplicationsofRL, RC, RLCcircuits. BTL4 Analyzing

6. Outline naturalresponse. BTL1 Remembering

7. Predict the condition, forthe response ofRLCseriescircuit to BTL2 Understanding

beunderdampedforstep input.

8. A RLCseriescircuithasR=10 ΩL=2H.State thevalue of BTL1 Remembering

capacitance that will makethe circuit criticallydamped.

9. Give anexpressionforforced response. BTL2 Understanding

10. Produce the timeconstant of RF circuit havingR=10Ω and BTL3 Applying

L=0.1mH.

11. Givethe condition forthe response of RLCseriescircuit to be BTL1 Remembering

overdampedforstep input
12. ShowtheLaplace transform for theunit step function BTL1 Remembering

13. Explain the steadystatevalue. BTL2 Understanding

14. Formulatethe differencebetweennatural andforced response. BTL5 Evaluating

15. Developtheequivalentcircuitatt=0+foracapacitorwithinitialcharge BTL6 Creating

ofq=0
16. Illustrate the condition for criticallydampedresponseof aseriesRLC BTL3 Applying

17
 circuitexcitedbyaAC source
17. Exhibit the difference between steadystate and transient state. BTL3 Applying

18. Distinguish the frequencyresponse ofRLCcircuit. BTL2 Understanding

19. Acoilhavingaresistanceof10KΩandinductanceof50mHisconnectedtoa1 BTL5 Evaluating

0volts,10KHzpowersupply.Estimatetheimpedance.

20. Acoilofresistance2.2Ωandaninductance0.01Hisconnectedinserieswitha BTL4 Analyzing

capacitoracross220Vmains.Identifythevalueofcapacitancesuchthatmax
imumcurrentflowsinthecircuitatafrequencyof 190 Hz andthe
maximum current.

PART B
Write the step responseof RLandRC circuitsandState BTL1 Remembering
1. theirperformances. (16)
(i)LocatethetransientresponseofaseriesRLcircuitwithDCinput.Sketch BTL2 Understanding
the variation ofcurrent and thevoltageacross theinductor (8)
(ii) Distinguish IandVasfunctionsoftimeinthecircuitshownbelow.
when the switchisclosedat timet=0
(8)

2.

AseriesRLcircuitWithR=30Ω,andL=15HhasaconstantvoltageV=60vapp BTL6 Creating

liedatt=0asshowninfigure.AssessthecurrentI,thevoltageacrossresistor
and the voltageacross the inductor. (16)

3.

FormulatetheexpressionforthecurrentresponsesofRLCseriescircuitwiths BTL5 Evaluating

4. inusoidalexcitation.Assumethatthecircuitsisworkingin critical damping
condition. (16)

18
 IdentifytheexpressionforthecompletesolutionofthecurrentresponseofRC BTL2 Understanding
5. seriescircuitwithanexcitationofVcos(ωt+φ)andBrieflyexplain the
significance ofphaseangle in thesolution. (16)
Thecircuit shown in figureconsists of BTL2 Understanding
resistance,inductanceandcapacitance in series with 100v DC when the
switch is closed att=0.Predict the currenttransient. (16)

6.

A RLseriescircuitexcitedbyasinusoidal sourcee(t)=10 sin 100tvolts, BTL1 Remembering

7. byclosingtheswitch att=0.Take R=10 Ω andL=0.1H. Relatethe current
flowingthrough the RLcircuit. (16)
AseriesRLCcircuitwithR=100 Ω,L=0.1HandC=100µFhasaDCvoltage BTL4 Analyzing
of 200volts applied to it t=0through aswitch.Illustrate theexpressionfor
thetransientcurrent. Assumeinitiallyrelaxed circuit

8.

conditions. (16)
(i)Describenatural response andtransient response
(8) BTL1
9. Remembering
(ii)In the circuit shown in figure,identifythe timewhen the
voltageacross the capacitorbecomes 25 V,after theswitch is closed
att=0.(8)

19
 AseriesRLcircuitwithR=100ohmsandL=1Hhasasinusoidalvoltagesourc
e200sin(500t+φ)appliedatatimewhenφ=0.(i)Recognizetheexpressionfor BTL1
10. thecurrent(ii)atwhatvalueofangleφmusttheswitchbeclosedsothatthecurre Remembering
ntdirectlyentersthesteadystate. (16)

A sinusoidalvoltage of 10 sin 100 is connected inseries with a BTL3 Applying

11 switchand R=10 ohms andL=0.1H.If theswitch is closed
att=0.Solvethetransientcurrenti(t). (16)
In the RL circuit shown infigure,the switch is closed to position 1 BTL3 Applying
att=0.After t =100ms,the switch is changed to position
2.Computei(t)andsketch thetransient (16)

12

(i) Inthecircuitshowninfig,analyzetheexpressionfori(t),VR(t)andVL(t) if BTL4 Analyzing

theswitch is closed att=0 (8)

13

(ii) Inthecircuitshowninfig,detectthevalueofcurrent‘i’att=50μSif
theswitch is closedatt=0and VC(t=0)=0 . (8)

20
 Inthecircuitshown,pointoutthetransientcurrentafterswitchisclosedat BTL4 Analyzing
timet=0, given thataninitial chargeof100µCis stored inthecapacitor.
Examine the necessaryequations. (16)

14

UNIT V TWO PORTNETWORKS

Twoportnetworks,Z parameters,Y parameters,Transmission(ABCD)parameters,
Hybrid(H)Parameters,Interconnection oftwoportnetworks,Symmetricalproperties ofT and πnetworks.
PART A
Q. BT
Questions Competence
No Level
1. Defineatwoport network. BTL1 Remembering
2.
Compare z- andy-parameterofa typical fourterminal network. BTL4 Analyzing
3. Summarize h parameterandgive its applications. BTL2 Understanding
4. Inatwoportnetwork,Z11=100Ω,Z21=120Ω,Z12=120Ω,Z22=50Ω.
BTL1 Remembering
Find Y parameters.
5. Build the frequencyresponseof twoportCircuit

BTL3 Applying

6. Recallthe equivalent Tand πmodels of two portnetworks BTL1 Remembering

21
7. TheZparameters of atwo network arez11=5 Ω,z22=2
Ω,z12=z21=3Ω.Loadresistor 4 Ω is connectedacross the output BTL2 Understanding
port.Illustrate theinput impedances.
8. TheZ–parametersofatwoportnetworkarez11=25Ω,z22=40Ω,
BTL3 Applying
z12=z21=10Ω.Solve the Y parameters
9. Examinethe transmissionparameters ofatwo port network. BTL4 Analyzing
10.
Rephrase ABCDparameters ofatwo port networks BTL1 Remembering
11. For the givensymmetricalnetwork,OutlinetheZ
parametersandABCD parameters.R1=40Ω,R2=40Ω,R3=20 Ω

BTL2 Understanding

12. What is symmetricaltwoport network? BTL1 Remembering

13.
Recite hybridparameterof atwo port network. BTL1 Remembering
14. Discover theZparameters Z11andZ21forthe 2-port network in
thefigure

BTL3 Applying

15. ATwoportnetworkisterminatedwithaloadresistanceof5Ωattheoutputport.
EstimatetheinputimpedanceiftheABCDparametersareA=5;B=- BTL6 Creating
3;C=6;D=2
16. Assess the applicationsofcascadedABCDparameters. BTL5 Evaluating
17. Relate Y-parameters in termsofZ-parameters. BTL2 Understanding

22
 18. Conclude reciprocaltwoport network. BTL5 Evaluating
19. Discuss on active and passiveports BTL6 Creating
20. Inspect the importanceofopencircuitforward transfer impedance. BTL4 Analyzing

PART – B

(i) Determine thedriving point impedance of thenetworkshown

infig. (8)

1. (ii) Measure the h-parameters of thetwo port network shown in fig. BTL5 Evaluating
(8)

OutlinethecharacterizationoftwoportnetworksintermsofZ,Yand h
2. BTL1 Remembering
parameters. (16)
(i) Illustrate theZparameters forthe circuit shown in fig. (8)

3. BTL2 Understanding

(8marks)
(ii) DemonstrateY parametersof networkshown in fig
fromZparameters. (8)

23
 Foratwo-
portnetwork,theZparametersareZ11=50Ω,Z22=30Ω,Z12=Z21=25Ω.Inven
4. BTL6 Creating
ttheABCDparameters.Hence,Writethe network functions
usingthesetwo types of parameters. (16)
ExaminethesymmetryandreciprocityconditionsforABCDandhparamet
5. BTL4 Analyzing
ers (16)
Forthetwoportn/wshowninthefigure3,thecurrentsI1andI2enteringat
port 1 and 2respectivelyare givenbythe equations.
I1=0.5 V1-0.2
V2I2= -0.2V1+V2

6. BTL2 Understanding

WhereV1andV2aretheportvoltagesatport1and2respectively.Evaluateth
eY,Zparametersforthen/walsoitsequivalentpinetwork. (16)

DerivetheexpressionforY-parameters in termsofABCDandZ-
parametersin figure.
(16)

7. BTL3 Applying

8. IdentifytheZ-parametersof twoportnetwork (16) BTL1 Remembering

24
 Recallthe h-parameters for thecircuit

9. BTL1 Remembering

(16)
(i) Inspectthe impedance (Z) parameter of the giventwo portnetwork
shown in fig. (8)

10. BTL4 Analyzing

(ii)Discoverthehybridparameterofthetwoportnetworkshowninfig.
(8)

For thefollowingnetwork shown in figure. OutlineY parameters(16)

11 BTL1 Remembering

25
 Develop Y12 for thecircuit (16)

12 BTL3 Applying

For thefollowingnetwork shown in figure.Prove

ABCDparametersandhybridparameters (16)

13 BTL4 Analyzing

Predict theZparametersforthe networks shown in the figure (16)

14 BTL2 Understanding

26