MYOLOGY DASAR, REFLEKS

& ARCUS REFLEKS

By
dr. May Valzon MSc
KLASIFIKASI JARINGAN OTOT
DEFINISI REFLEKS
 A reflex is a fast, automatic, unplanned
sequence of actions that occurs in response to a
particular stimulus  f(X) homeostatis MS
 Klasifikasi:
 inborn (bawaan lahir) dan aquiared/learned
(dapatan; dipelajari);
 refleks cerebral/cranial vs refleks spinal;
 refleks somatik vs refleks visceral (autonom)
 The pathway followed by nerve impulses that
produce a reflex is a reflex arc (reflex circuit)
 KOMPONEN ARCUS REFLEKS

monosynaptic reflex arc

polysynaptic reflex
arc ???
EMPAT REFLEKS SOMATIK SPINAL
 The Stretch Reflex (refleks renggangan)
 A stretch reflex causes contraction of a skeletal
muscle (the effector) in response to stretching of the
muscle
 The Tendon Reflex (refleks tendon)
 Refleks Fleksor (Withdrawal Refleks)

 Crossed Extensor Reflexes

MUSCLE SPINDLES & GOLGI TENDON
ORGANS

detecting tensional differences in tendons

detect changes in the length (distention)

of extrafusal muscle

maintain posture and to regulate the

activity of opposing muscle groups
MUSCLE SPINDLE
THE STRETCH REFLEX (REFLEKS
RENGGANG)
 muscle
 tone, Refleks
monosynaptic
selalu ipsilateral

• Muscle tone
• helps avert
injury by
preventing
overstretching
Kolateral akson
of muscles

Neuron inhibitor  otot

antagonis
reciprocal innervation
patellar reflex (knee jerk),
THE TENDON REFLEX (REFLEKS TENDON)
WITHDRAWAL REFLEKS

STIMULUS  PAIN
APA YANG TERJADI KETIKA PETUGAS KESEHATAN INGIN
MENGAMBIL DARAH ??? APAKAH TERJADI WITHDRAWAL
REFLEKS??
Refleks Fleksor/withdrawal

intersegmental reflex
arc
Crossed Extensor
Reflexes
KLINIS
 Reflexes are often used for diagnosing disorders
of the nervous system and locating injured tissue
 Patellar reflex (knee jerk)  hilang jika? Pd
penderita DM dan neuroshypilis
 Achilles reflex (ankle jerk)

 Babinski sign

 Abdominal reflex
BERJALAN (WALKING) = THE GAIT CYCLE
 Pergerakan ekstrimitas inferior selama berjalan
terdiri dari 2 fase:
 Stance phases
 Swing phases

 Gait cycle  one cycle of swing and stance by one

limb
 Stance phase begins with heel strike and ends
with push off from the forefoot  60%
 The swing phase begins after push off and
ends when the heel strikes the ground  40%
 Berlari  stance phase berkurang
SIKLUS BERJALAN
 ARTICULATIO EKSTRIMITAS INFERIOR
 Coxa
 Genus

 Tallo-cruralis

A. Normal; B. Genu varum; C. Genu valgum

KNEE JOINT = ARTIC. GENUS = LUTUT
 Tipe gynglimus + kemampuan rotasi (trochoid) 
melibatkan dua condylus  artic. Bicondylaris
 Facies articularis condylus lateral et medial os femur
dan tibia
 Facies patellaris os. Femur dan facies articularis
patella
 Plg sering cedera pada olahragawan  distabilkan
dengan pemanasan  m. quadriceps femoris
 Ligamentum: 5 extracapsularis (intrinsik)
 Lig. patellae
 LCF
 LCT
 Lig. popliteum obliquum
 Lig. popliteum arcuatum
• Intra-articular ligaments:
• Lig.cruciatum anterius (LCA)
• Lig. cruciatum posterius (LCP)
• Meniscus
 Gerakan Struktur yang membatasi gerakan
Flexion (femoropatellar and Soft tissue apposition posteriorly
femorotibial) Tension of vastus lateralis, medialis,
and intermedius
Tension of rectus femoris (especially
with hip joint extended)

Extension (femoropatellar and Ligaments: anterior cruciate and

femorotibial) posterior cruciate, fibular and tibial
collateral, posterior joint capsule, and
oblique popliteal ligament
Internal rotation (femorotibial with Ligaments: anterior cruciate and
knee flexed) posterior cruciate
External rotation (femorotibial with Ligaments: fibular and tibial collateral
knee flexed)
 Bursae disekitar lutut: ada setidaknya 12 bursae: b.
Prepatellaris , b. Infrapatellris profunda, b. Supra
patellaris, bursa subpoplitea, b. anserina
 Arteri : ada 10 cabang anastomosis (rate articularis
genus)
 A. femoralis  a. descendens genus
 A. poplitea  a. superior medial genus dan a.inferior
medialis genus, a.superior lateralis genus, a.inferior
lateralis genus
 R. reccurens a.tibialis ant
 A. circumflexa fibularis

 Nervus : branches from the femoral, tibial, and

common fibular nerves and the obturator and
saphenous nerves
 Genu Valgum (kaki X) dan Genu Varum (kaki O)

arthrosis
Knee Joint
Injuries 
ligament sprain
• Knee Replacement
 osteoarthritis
• Bursitis in the
Knee Region
ANKLE JOINT (ARTIC. TALOCRURALIS) =
GELANG KAKI
 Tipe gynglimus; uni-axial;
 Gerakan: platar fleksi (fleksi) dan dorsifleksi
(ekstensi)
 Malleolar mortise vs trochlea tali
 Ligamentum
 lateral: lig. talofibulare anterius; lig. talofibulare posterius;
lig. calcaneofibularis
 medial: Lig. collaterale mediale (deltoideum)  stabilisasi
sendi sewaktu eversi (mencegah subluksasi)
 Arteri: ramus maleolaris a.tibialis ant, post, dan
fibularis
 Nervus: cabang n.tibialis dan n. fibularis profundus
ANKLE JOINT (ARTIC. TALOCRURALIS) =
GELANG KAKI
 Cedera artic. Talocruralis
• Sendi yg paling sering cedera
• Plg seirng: Ankle sprains 
inversion injury
• Robek lig. talofibulare anterius
• Pott fracture (dislocation of the
ankle)  eversi
• tarsal tunnel syndrome 
Entrapment and compression of the
tibial nerve