Welded Column Splices

AISC Live Webinar Seismic Performance of PJP-welded Column Splices
April 25, 2013
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Copyright © 2013 1
April 25, 2013
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© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2013

Copyright © 2013 2
April 25, 2013
Course Description
Column splices in Special Moment Frames are considered critical
connections which must be welded using Complete Joint
Penetration (CJP) welds, with toughness rated weld filler
material. This live webinar will present results from a recent
testing program featuring five full-scale column splices fabricated
using PJP welds. These feature a range of column sizes (as large
as W 14 X 730) and details, including one with a bolted web. The
presentation will examine the details, their performance and the
potential for use in future construction. A discussion of
supporting simulations will also be presented to provide a better
understanding of the response of these connections as well as the
demands imposed on them.
Learning Objectives
At the end of this program, participants will be able to:
• Gain an understanding of the current requirements for column

splices in Special Moment Frames.
• Become familiar with the recent testing of full-scale column
splices using PJP welds.
• Become familiar with the various column splice details tested and
their performance.
• Gain an understanding of the response of PJP-welded splices as
well as the demands imposed on them.

Copyright © 2013 3
April 25, 2013
Seismic Performance of Column Splices

with Partial Joint Penetration Welds
Presented by
Amit Kanvinde, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
University of California, Davis.
Seismic Performance of Column

Splices with Partial Joint Penetration
welds
Amit Kanvinde, Associate Professor

25th April 2013

Copyright © 2013 4
April 25, 2013
Acknowledgments
• American Institute of Steel
Construction
• Herrick Corporation, Stockton, CA
• Gayle Manufacturing, Woodland, CA
• California Erectors, Benicia, CA
• NEES@Berkeley Staff
• National Science Foundation
• Sean Shaw, Doctoral Candidate
9
Overview
• Background, how we got here

• Objectives
• Research Scope and Components
• Results & Implications
• Other issues
10

Copyright © 2013 5
April 25, 2013
Earthquake induced fracture in steel

structures (Northridge)
Photo Acknowledgment - AISC 11

structures (Northridge)
Photo Acknowledgment -
AISC

Copyright © 2013 6
April 25, 2013

structures (Kobe)
Ref – Jarmai & Farkas 13

structures
14

Copyright © 2013 7
April 25, 2013
Partial Penetration Splices create a

flaw
15
Partial Penetration Splices create a

flaw
16

Copyright © 2013 8
April 25, 2013
Elimination of notch (use only CJP)
Use of notch
tough weld
filler
material and
base metal
17
2010 Seismic Provisions
For Intermediate Moment Frames

and Special Moment Frames
“Where welds are used to make the splice, they

shall be complete-joint-penetration groove welds.”
18

Copyright © 2013 9
April 25, 2013
CJP Splice
19
Inconvenient field weld
20

Copyright © 2013 10
April 25, 2013
21
22

April 25, 2013
Excellent performance of tough, PJP

welded base plates and other details
23
Excellent performance of tough, PJP

welded base plates and other details
Can we allow flaws in some cases if

tough material is used?
24

April 25, 2013
Objectives
• Experimentally examine feasibility
of PJP welded column splices
• Develop and validate fracture
modeling approaches
• Apply fracture mechanics to
generalize findings, examine
implications
25
Research Overview
Frame analysis, Protocol
Synthesis,
findings,
implications
Splice tests Fracture

mechanics, 26
ancillary testing

April 25, 2013
Characterization of demands
20 LA Motions
Distance PGA
SAC Earthquake
Record
Name Magnitude
(km) (g)
LA21 1995 Kobe 6.9 3.4 1.28

LA22 1995 Kobe 6.9 3.4 0.92
LA23 1989 Loma Prieta 7.0 3.5 0.42
LA24 1989 Loma Prieta 7.0 3.5 0.47
LA25 1994 Northridge 6.7 7.5 0.87
LA26 1995 Northridge 6.7 7.5 0.94
LA27 1996 Northridge 6.7 6.4 0.93
LA28 1996 Northridge 6.7 6.4 1.33
LA29 1974 Tabas 7.4 1.2 0.81
LA30 1975 Tabas 7.4 1.2 0.99
LA31 Elysian Park (simulated) 7.1 17.5 1.30
LA37 Palos Verdes (simulated) 7.1 1.5 0.71
SAC Phase II Bldgs, 4*, 9, 20 Stories 27
Time history simulation (OpenSEES)

Fiber models –
spread of plasticity
140
100
Stress (ksi)
60
20
-0.0150 -0.0050 0.0050 0.0150

-20
-60
-100
-140
Strain (in/in)
Spectral matching for

consistent hazard
Finite Joint Size, leaning column (10/50 and 2/50) 28

April 25, 2013
Time history simulation – Results
29
IR = + for ≥ 0.2 IR = + for < 0.2 30

April 25, 2013
IR = + for ≥ 0.2 IR = + for < 0.2 31
IR = + for ≥ 0.2 IR = + for < 0.2 32

April 25, 2013
Protocol
33
Test setup (NEES@ Berkeley)
34

April 25, 2013
Test Matrix
Test Column Flanges Webs Access Hole
Size
24A W24X279- Single Bevel 87% PJP No
W24X370 82% PJP
24B W24X279- Single Bevel 87% PJP No
W24X370 82% PJP
14A W14X550- Double Bevel 87% PJP Yes
W14X730 82% PJP
14B W14X342- Double bevel 84% PJP No
W14X455 55+40%*
14C W14X145- Single Bevel Bolted Yes
W14X132 89% splice 35
W24 A & B
Specimen24A&B: Load vs. Displacement at Splice Location
2000
1500
Mp
My
1000
Specimen 24A
500 Specimen 24B
Load (kips)
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Displacement (in)
82% PJP External Flange Weld
87% PJP One-sided Web Weld
36

April 25, 2013
W24B
37
W24B (post-test)
38

April 25, 2013
W14B
Specimen14B: Load vs. Displacement at Splice Location
1500
Mp
1000
My
500
Load (kips)
-500
-1000
-1500
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Displacement (in) 55% External Flange weld, 40%
Incomplete Internal Flange Weld
87% PJP One-sided Web Weld 39
W14B
40

April 25, 2013
W14B (post-test)
41
W14A
Specimen14A: Load vs. Displacement at Splice Location
3000
2000 Mp
My
1000
Load (kips)
-1000
-2000
-3000
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Displacement (in)
82% PJP Double Bevel Flange Weld
87% PJP One-sided Web Weld
42

April 25, 2013
W14A
43
W14A (post-test)
44

April 25, 2013
W14C
Specimen14C: Load vs. Displacement at Splice Location
500
400 Mp
My
300
200
100
Load (kips)
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Displacement (in)
89% PJP External Flange Weld

Bolted Web – No Weld 45
W14C
46

April 25, 2013
W14C (post-test)
47
Results
Test Column Flanges Webs Mmax/Mp
Size
24A W24X279- Single Bevel 87% PJP 1.13
W24X370 82% PJP
24B W24X279- Single Bevel 87% PJP 1.16
W24X370 82% PJP
14A W14X550- Double Bevel 87% PJP 1.30
W14X730 82% PJP
14B W14X342- Double bevel 84% PJP 1.19
W14X455 55+40%*
14C W14X145- Single Bevel Bolted 0.98
W14X132 89% splice 48

April 25, 2013
Fracture mechanics
Science to determine whether cracks will
propagate in bodies under applied
loading
49
Fracture mechanics
Science to determine whether cracks will
propagate in bodies under applied
loading
50

April 25, 2013
A brief primer on fracture mechanics

Cannot use stress or strain as failure
criteria Stress ….. stress
at crack tip
always
approaches
Distance ahead of crack infinity!
51

criteria Stress
High KI Characterize
severity of
stress FIELD,
Lower KI through fracture
Distance ahead of crack toughness
demand KI
(Stress Intensity
Factor)
52

April 25, 2013

criteria Stress
High KI Fracture occurs
if KI (which
characterizes
Lower KI the stress field)
Distance ahead of crack exceeds KIC
(a material
property)
53
Stress Intensity Factor as a failure criterion

Finite Element
Simulation CVN (as per AISC)
KI < KIC
Units of CVN are ft-lb, of
KI and KIC are
σ < Fy
ε
σ
Material σ−ε 54

April 25, 2013
Temperature and rate dependence
CVN or KIC
40 ft-lb
20 ft-lb
0 0F 700F
Temperature 55
CVN or KIC
40 ft-lb
20 ft-lb
0 0F 700F
Temperature 56

April 25, 2013

Material is tougher for slower rates
Earthquake rates are “slow”
CVN or KIC
Dynamic CVN
Static CVN
Temperature 57

Material is tougher for slower rates
Earthquake rates are “slow”
CVN or KIC
Dynamic CVN
Static CVN
Temperature 58

April 25, 2013
CVN Tests for the splice welds
59
CVN Tests for the splice welds
60

April 25, 2013
CVN tests relative to minimum reqd
61
Test temperature
62

April 25, 2013
CVNs converted to KIC

KIC
150
100
50
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
No temp shift, i.e. conservative 63
Fracture mechanics (toughness

demand) –KI
64

April 25, 2013
Suggests validity of analysis

KIC
150
100
50
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
65
Stress in flange in tests higher (65ksi) than expected

KIC
150
100
Stress expected
50 in field details
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
66

April 25, 2013
Temperature shift to account for strain rate

KIC
150
Temperature shift
100
50
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
67

KIC
150
Temperature shift
100
50
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
68

April 25, 2013

KIC
150
Temperature shift
100
50 Safety over large

temperature range
-20 0 20 40 60 80 T(0F)
69
Takeaways
- Excellent performance in tests
- PJP welded with notch tough material
- One with bolted web
- Real possibility of using fracture
mechanics in a quantitative way to
engineering smarter, cheaper details
- Additional vetting of results before
use/adoption
70

April 25, 2013
71
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72

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April 25, 2013
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AISC Live Webinar Seismic Performance of PJP-welded Column Splices

April 25, 2013

AISC Live Webinars

There’s always a solution in Steel

AISC Live Webinars

Today’s audio will be broadcast through the internet.

Alternatively, to hear the audio through the phone,

International callers, dial 00 +1 212 231 2903.

For additional support, please press *0 and you will be

American Institute of Steel Construction

AISC Live Webinars

Today’s live webinar will begin shortly.

Today’s audio will be broadcast through the internet.

International callers, dial 00 +1 212 231 2903.

For additional support, please press *0 and you will be

AISC Live Webinars

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright

© The American Institute of Steel Construction 2013

American Institute of Steel Construction

At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

• Gain an understanding of the current requirements for column

American Institute of Steel Construction

Seismic Performance of Column Splices

Seismic Performance of Column

Amit Kanvinde, Associate Professor

American Institute of Steel Construction

• Background, how we got here

American Institute of Steel Construction

Earthquake induced fracture in steel

Photo Acknowledgment - AISC 11

Earthquake induced fracture in steel

American Institute of Steel Construction

Earthquake induced fracture in steel

Ref – Jarmai & Farkas 13

Earthquake induced fracture in steel

American Institute of Steel Construction

Partial Penetration Splices create a

Partial Penetration Splices create a

American Institute of Steel Construction

Elimination of notch (use only CJP)

2010 Seismic Provisions

For Intermediate Moment Frames

“Where welds are used to make the splice, they

American Institute of Steel Construction

Inconvenient field weld

American Institute of Steel Construction

Inconvenient field weld

Inconvenient field weld

American Institute of Steel Construction

Excellent performance of tough, PJP

Excellent performance of tough, PJP

Can we allow flaws in some cases if

American Institute of Steel Construction

Splice tests Fracture

American Institute of Steel Construction

LA21 1995 Kobe 6.9 3.4 1.28

SAC Phase II Bldgs, 4*, 9, 20 Stories 27

Time history simulation (OpenSEES)

-0.0150 -0.0050 0.0050 0.0150

Spectral matching for

American Institute of Steel Construction

Time history simulation – Results

Time history simulation – Results

IR = + for ≥ 0.2 IR = + for < 0.2 30