SCB203 Fall I 2009

Dr. Angela Gee

Study guide (Lectures 11-16)

Be able to define and describe the following terms:

The cell: cytoplasm and the nucleus

Compartmentalization
Know the structure and function of each of the following organelles:
For Production: Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): rough and smooth,
Golgi apparatus
For policing: Lysosomes, Peroxisomes
For cell structure: cytoskeleton (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules), centrioles
Nucleus: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin

4 tissue types and general function:

Epithelial Tissue
Function
Two types:
1. covering and lining
2. glandular
Characteristics: polarity (basal and apical surface), specialized contacts, supported by
connected tissue, avascularized but innervated, regeneration
Classification:
Layers: simple, stratified
Shape: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Special types: pseudostratified columnar, transitional
Know how the structure above fits its function.
Know main examples for each classification.
Glands
Endocrine
Exocrine: unicellular (goblet cells) vs. multicellular (ducts, saliva glands)

Connective Tissue
Function and distribution
Characteristics:
- mesenchyme origin
- vascular
- 3 components: 1. ground substance, 2. fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular), 3. cells
Extracellular matrix = ground substance + fibers
4 types of connective tissue:
For each tissue type listed below, be able to answer
a. What is in the matrix (what are the fibers)? What is the main cell type?
b. What is the function?
c. Where can it be found?
1. Connective tissue proper
loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
dense (regular, irregular)
2. Cartilege: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

Membranes
Membrane as an organ
For each membrane below, know the location, the structure of the different layers and the function.
1. Cutaneous
2. Mucous
3. Serous – pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

Integumentary System
Components: Skin + Skin derivatives (hair, glands, nails)
Functions: protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic functions,
blood reservoir, excretion
3 Layers of skin
1. Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium – avascular
4 cell types: keratinocytes (keratin), melanocytes, langerhans, merkel
` 4-5 layers: thin vs. thick
Give characteristics for each of the layers:
Stratum basalum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
2. Dermis
Connective tissue proper, blood vessels
2 layers: papillary (papillae) and reticular
Distortions: stretch marks, wrinkles (aging, UV radiation), blisters
Burns: cause and 2 effects, degrees (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
Adipose tissue, blood vessels
Skin color
3 pigments: melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
Skin appendages
Hair
Hair folliciles: bulb (matrix, papilla), hair follicle receptor, arrector pilli
Glands (exocrine)
Know location and function of each gland type.
1. Oil (sebacious) glands: sebum
2. Sweat (suderiferous) glands: eccrine (merocrine) and apocrine
Nails: root, body, free edge, bed, matrix