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• The unemployment rate in Japan was low in 2010; likewise, the rate in
England did not go up much
• The money spent on the Arts made up only a tiny portion of the total
budget. Similarly, only a small amount is spent on social service
• Like the cost of shipping, the cost of packing has gone up
• Nối 2 câu có xu hướng ngược nhau: However, /On the other hand,/ In
contrast,/ By contrast,/ Conversely,
• Nối 2 mệnh đề trong cùng một câu: but/ ,while/ ,whilst/,whereas (ưu tiên
dùng whereas trong trường hợp số liệu có sự khác biệt lớn)
Tên biểu đồ/ Động từ Tân ngữ Giới từ chỉ địa điểm + Giới từ
bản đồ/ hình chỉ thời gian
vẽ
The bar chart -shows - the percentage of/ the within …years from…to…
information proportion of/ the rate
The line over a period of…years
about… of…
graph from…to
-shows data - the number of…/ the
The pie chart between..and..
on… student numbers
The
-compareS… - the amount of ….
illustrations
-illustrates… - the expenditure on../
The pictures
the spending on..
The map
- how much/ how many
The process
- why/ where…
The table
- the changes…
- how…is produced…
- The table shows the percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories
of products and services in five countries in 2000.
- The process illustrates how chocolate is produced.
3. NGÔN NGỮ THỂ HIỆN SỰ THAY ĐỔI (THƯỜNG DÙNG TRONG CÁC
BIỂU ĐỒ CÓ SỰ THAY ĐỔI SỐ LIỆU THEO NĂM)
Adjective Adverbs
sharp sharply
sudden Suddenly
dramatic dramatically
significant significantly
steady steadily
gradual gradually
slight slightly
1. S + V + adv
The student numbers increased sharply from 30 to 100 in 2018.
There was a fall to 1500 in the number of students in 2015, which was followed
by an increase to 2000 in 2016
7. S + V, but later + V
The number of students declined slightly to 1500 in 2015, but later went up sharply
by 500 in 2016
8. S + V before Ving
The graph shows changes in the popularity of three different activities in a UK sports
club over a period of 20 years.
In 1983 around 50% of club members participated in swimming, so this was clearly
the most popular activity. However, this figure decreased steadily to 15% in 1998 and
remained constant at this rate until 2003.
In contrast, 32% of members did team sports in 1983, and this rate reached a peak of
40% in 1998 before dropping to its former level. Participation rates for team sports
overtook those for swimming and became the highest for all activities from 1993 to
2003.
Finally, participation in gym activities stood at only 5% in 1983, but this figure grew
rapidly from 1988 to 1998, eventually levelling off at around 25%, making gym the
second most popular activity.
Examples:
5.3 Trees and Forests- cleared, cut-down, chopped-down, removed, planted, make
way for….
Examples:
5.4 Roads, bridges and railways lines- constructed, built, extended, expanded and
removed, link/ connect
Examples:
6.1 Overview
There are a total of…steps/ stages in the process, beginning with … and ending
with…
There are a total of 10 steps in the process, beginning with growing cacao trees and
ending with producing liquid chocolate.
6.2 Từ nối
Consequently, = As a result,…
also/ then
- When S + V, S + V
- Once S + V, S + V
Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested.
The cocoa comes from the cacao trees, which are grown in South America.
The warm water builds up in the west, allowing cool water to rise to the surface in the
east.