Vocabulary Unit 13

WORD MEANING

Catch on Become fashionable or popular

Up and coming Successful, likely to be successful

Fall short of Fail to reach a target

Talk someone into Persuade someone

Pay of Be successful or profitable

Go about Approach a task or problem

Turn down Refuse or reject

Go bust Go bankrupt

Stock price Share price

Earning shortfalls Lower than expected profits

Lay ofs Redundancies

In sync Correspond with each other

Cross section Typical samples

Discontinuities Sudden changes in business trends

Resilient Able to recover quickly

Prods Encourages

Retrenchments Economies, reductions

Vocabulary Unit 14
WORD MEANING

prop Objects used by actors during play

Repertory house Theatre where one company of actors performs a

number of diferent plays

costume Clothes worn by an actor

Running costs Money you need to spend regularly to keep a
system or organization functioning

sue Take legal action against a person or action

backers Group of people who give financial support to

something

angel A wealthy person who invests money in new

business projects

Break even Cover costs, start to make a profit

Vocabulary Unit 15
1. The maximum amount a bank will allow you to borrow - Credit limit

2. Someone who owes money - Debtor

3. The amount which is less than the level that was expected or needed - Shortfall

4. The money which is immediately available - Cash

5. Things which limit your freedom of action - Constraint

6. Charges which one used to punish someone - Punitive bank charges

7. Reasons for something bad - Root cause

8. The sum of money paid by customer for a bank's services - Bank charges

9. To cause someone to do something - Prompt

10. To show that something or someone is fair and reasonable - Legitimate

11. Without official Permission - Unauthorized

12. Amount of money that regularly have to be spent - Outgoings

13. A force exerted when one body or body part presses on, pulls on or tends to compress - Stress

14. Amount which is less than the level that was expected or needed - Short fall
15. Synonym for “Overdue” - Late

Vocabulary Unit 16

Words from textbook Antonyms Synonyms

1. Negotiate Contend; Disagree Confer; Agree

2. Constraints Freedom Restraints; Constrictions;

Limitations

3. Compromise Confrontation Settlement;

4. Interruption Continuation; Persistence Disturbance; Interlude;

Disruption

5. Agreement Disagreement Contract; Conformity

6. Permission Denial; Disapproval Consent; Acceptance

7. Approval Ban; Condemnation Green light; Conformation

8. Summarizing Elaborating Brief; Succinct

9. Penalty Reward Forfeiture; Fine;

10. Commit Abstain; Fail Obligate; Perpetrate

11. Inflexible Amenable; Cooperative Adamant; Immutable

12. Consult Ignore; Neglect Consider; Refer

13. Haggle Agree; Concur Bargain; Barter

14. Production Destruction; Ruin Construction; Management

15. Restrictions Allowance; Liberation Limits; Constraints; Curb

16. Negotiation Disagreement Agreement; Arbitration;

Compromise

Vocabulary Unit 17
1. COMPANY
SYNONYMS-
firm, business, corporation, establishment, agency, office, institution, organization, operation, co
ncern, enterprise, venture, undertaking, practice
2. DIFFERENT
SYNONYMS-
dissimilar, unalike, unlike, non-identical, contrasting, divergent, disparate, poles apart;
distinct, separate, individual, discrete, non-identical, unrelated, unconnected, unassociated, indep
endent;
ANTONYMS-
ordinary, conventional, related, similar

3. PAY
SYNONYMS- reward, reimburse, recompense, give payment to, settle up with, remuneration

4. COMPETITIVENESS
SYNONYMS-
Ambitious, cutthroat
ANTONYMS-
Uncompetitive, gentlemanly, unambitious

5. ENCOURAGE
SYNONYMS-
hearten, cheer, uplift, inspire, motivate, stimulate, invigorate
ANTONYMS-
Discourage, dishearten, dispirit, uninspired

6. INSECURITY
SYNONYMS-
self-doubt, unassertiveness, uncertainty, nervousness
ANTONYMS-
Surety, security, certainty

7. PRAISE
SYNONYMS- RECOGNISE, commend, express approval of, express admiration
for, applaud, speak highly of, complimenting, the praises of, praise to the skies, praise on, take
one's hat off to, admire, hail
ANTONYMS-
Blame, criticize, disapprove, disrespect, disregard

8. OUTPERFORM
SYNONYMS-
Exceed, surpass, better
ANTONYMS-
Fail, fall behind

9. UNDERPAID
SYNONYMS-
not paid enough, not paid deservingly
ANTONYMS-
paid deservingly, paid competitively

10. MORALE
SYNONYMS-
attitude, outlook, confidence, self-confidence, self-esteem

11. ACHIEVEMENT
SYNONYMS-
attainment, reaching, gaining, winning, acquirement, recognition
ANTONYMS-
Failure, unfulfillment

12. RETRAIN
SYNONYMS-
To train again, reskill

13. REDUNDANT
SYNONYMS-
Unnecessary, not employed
ANTONYMS-
Necessary, needed, essential

14. INEFFICIENT
SYNONYMS-
Disorganized, faulty, incompetent, ineffectual
ANTONYMS-
Able, capable, competent

15. LOYALTY
SYNONYMS-
Integrity, obedience, devotion
ANTONYMS-
Disloyalty, faithlessness, dishonesty

Vocabulary Unit 18
WORD MEANING
White collar worker Person who works in an office, doing work that
needs mental rather that physical efort

temp person employed to work for a short period,

while another person is absent or when there is
extra work

Union rep Worker elected by other workers in a factory or

business to represent them in discussion with
the management

Semi-skilled worker Worker in a factory

Self-employed person Worker who doesn’t work for an employer but

find work for himself/herself or who has his/her
own business

Knowledge worker Person whose work require specialist

knowledge

freelancer Worker who does particular pieces of work for

diferent organizations, rather than working all
the time for single organization

Project manager Person who coordinates and supervises

diferent elements of job

Blue collar worker Worker who does physical work rather than
office work

Shop-floor worker Worker in a factory

Job sharing Doing part of job with someone else, so that

each person works part-time